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the draft genome sequence of the plant growth promoting rhizospheric bacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8.here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8 isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum bicolor l. growing in desert region of rajasthan, india. from the genome sequences, we identified the genes encoding plant growth promoting properties such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (acds), phosphate solubilisation, siderophore, and iaa (indole acetic acid) production. the genes encoding different functions requ ...201728386532
population and function analysis of cultivable bacteria associated with spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus gigaspora margarita.this study was aimed to investigate the diversity and function of bacterial population associated with gigaspora margarita spores. the fungus was propagated in sterilized sand/soil pots using alfalfa (medicago sativa), grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or maize (zea mays) as host plants, or in sterilized vermiculite pots using alfalfa as host plants, respectively. bacteria were isolated from the new-formed spores using diluted plate method, and typical bacterial isolates were identified according ...201728391471
sucrose transporter localization and function in phloem unloading in developing stems.how sucrose transporters (suts) regulate phloem unloading in monocot stems is poorly understood and particularly so for species storing high suc concentrations. to this end, sorghum bicolor suts sbsut1 and sbsut5 were characterized by determining their transport properties heterologously expressed in yeast or xenopus laevis oocytes, and their in planta cellular and subcellular localization. the plasma membrane-localized sbsut1 and sbsut5 exhibited a strong selectivity for suc and high suc affini ...201727986867
overexpression of sbap37 in rice alleviates concurrent imposition of combination stresses and modulates different sets of leaf protein profiles.sbap37 transcription factor contributes to a combination of abiotic stresses when applied simultaneously in rice. it modulates a plethora of proteins that might regulate the downstream pathways to impart salt stress tolerance. apetala type of transcription factor was isolated from sorghum bicolor (sbap37), overexpressed in rice using a salt inducible abscisic acid 2 (aba2) promoter through agrobacterium tumefaciens following in planta method. transgenics were confirmed by pcr amplification of sb ...201728393269
insect and plant-derived mirnas in greenbug (schizaphis graminum) and yellow sugarcane aphid (sipha flava) revealed by deep sequencing.schizaphis graminum (green bug; gb) and sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid; ysa) are two cereal aphid species with broad host ranges capable of establishing on sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and several switchgrass (panicum virgatum) cultivars. switchgrass and sorghum are staple renewable bioenergy crops that are vulnerable to damage by aphids, therefore, identifying novel targets to control aphids has the potential to drastically improve yields and reduce losses in these bioenergy crops. despite th ...201727838454
biochemical characterization of metabolism-based atrazine resistance in amaranthus tuberculatus and identification of an expressed gst associated with resistance.rapid detoxification of atrazine in naturally tolerant crops such as maize (zea mays) and grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor) results from glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity. in previous research, two atrazine-resistant waterhemp (amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from illinois, u.s.a. (designated acr and mcr), displayed rapid formation of atrazine-glutathione (gsh) conjugates, implicating elevated rates of metabolism as the resistance mechanism. our main objective was to utilize protein pu ...201728218978
evolution and structural diversification of nictaba-like lectin genes in food crops with a focus on soybean (glycine max).the nictaba family groups all proteins that show homology to nictaba, the tobacco lectin. so far, nictaba and an arabidopsis thaliana homologue have been shown to be implicated in the plant stress response. the availability of more than 50 sequenced plant genomes provided the opportunity for a genome-wide identification of nictaba-like genes in 15 species, representing members of the fabaceae, poaceae, solanaceae, musaceae, arecaceae, malvaceae and rubiaceae. additionally, phylogenetic relations ...201728087663
catchup: a web database for spatiotemporally regulated genes.for proper control of biological activity, some key genes are highly expressed in a particular spatiotemporal domain. mining of such spatiotemporally expressed genes using large-scale gene expression data derived from a broad range of experimental sources facilitates our understanding of genome-scale functional gene networks. however, comprehensive information on spatiotemporally expressed genes is lacking in plants. to collect such information, we devised a new index, δdmax, which is the maximu ...201728013273
casul: a new lectin isolated from calliandra surinamensis leaf pinnulae with cytotoxicity to cancer cells, antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm effect.this work describes the isolation of a lectin (casul) from the leaf pinnulae of calliandra surinamensis and the evaluation of its cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. proteins from pinnulae extract were precipitated with ammonium sulphate (60% saturation) and submitted to sephadex g-75 chromatography, which yielded isolated casul (purification factor: 113). native casul is an acidic protein (pi 5.82) with a relative molecular mass of 48kda. this lectin is also an oligomeric prote ...201728174088
the wheat lr34 multi-pathogen resistance gene confers resistance to anthracnose and rust in sorghum.the ability of the wheat lr34 multi-pathogen resistance gene (lr34res) to function across a wide taxonomic boundary was investigated in transgenic sorghum bicolor. increased resistance to sorghum rust and anthracnose disease symptoms following infection with the biotrophic pathogen puccinia purpurea and the hemibiotroph colletotrichum sublineolum respectively occurred in transgenic plants expressing the lr34res abc transporter. transgenic sorghum lines that highly expressed the wheat lr34res gen ...201728301718
the primary root of sorghum bicolor (l. moench) as a model system to study brassinosteroid signaling in crops.roots anchor plants to the soil and are essential for a successful plant growth and adaptation to the environment. research on the primary root in the plant model system arabidopsis thaliana has yielded important advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of root growth and development. several studies have uncovered how the hormones brassinosteroids (brs) control cell cycle and differentiation programs through different cell-specific signaling pathways that are key for root growth and ...201728124255
effect of feeding warm-season annuals with orchardgrass on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture.a 4-unit, dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids (vfa) production, bacterial protein synthesis, and methane (ch4) output of warm-season annual grasses. treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design using 7 d for adaptation to treatment and 3 d for sample collection. treatments were (1) 100% orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ord); (2) 50% orchardgrass + 50% japanese millet [echinochloa escul ...201727939544
transcript profiling reveals the presence of abiotic stress and developmental stage specific ascorbate oxidase genes in plants.abiotic stress and climate change is the major concern for plant growth and crop yield. abiotic stresses lead to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) consequently resulting in cellular damage and major losses in crop yield. one of the major scavengers of ros is ascorbate (aa) which acts as first line of defense against external oxidants. an enzyme named ascorbate oxidase (aao) is known to oxidize aa and deleteriously affect the plant system in response to stress. genome-wide an ...201728261251
land-use change in indian tropical agro-ecosystems: eco-energy estimation for socio-ecological sustainability.this study was carried out to understand the ecological and economic sustainability of floriculture and other main crops in indian agro-ecosystems. the cultivation practices of four major flower crops, namely jasminum multiflorum, crossandra infundibuliformis, chrysanthemum and tagetes erecta, were studied in detail. the production cost of flowers in terms of energy was calculated to be 99,622-135,996 compared to 27,681-69,133 mj ha(-1) for the main crops, namely oryza sativa, eleusine coracana, ...201728315232
effects of untreated and treated wastewater at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels on seed germination and development of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.).wastewater reuse in agriculture may help mitigate water scarcity. this may be reached if high quality treatments removing harmful pollutants are applied. the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of untreated (utw) and treated wastewater (tw) on germination and seedlings development of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench). utw presented high turbidity (130 ntu), chemical and biological oxygen demand (cod, 719mgl ...201728013160
metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome p450 dependent pathways into synechocystis sp. pcc 6803.solar energy provides the energy input for the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. some secondary metabolites are high value compounds, and typically their biosynthesis requires the involvement of cytochromes p450s. in this proof of concept work, we demonstrate that the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 is an eminent heterologous host for expression of metabolically engineered cytochrome p450-dependent pathways exemplified by th ...201626548317
genome-wide association mapping of quantitative traits in a breeding population of sugarcane.molecular markers associated with relevant agronomic traits could significantly reduce the time and cost involved in developing new sugarcane varieties. previous sugarcane genome-wide association analyses (gwas) have found few molecular markers associated with relevant traits at plant-cane stage. the aim of this study was to establish an appropriate gwas to find molecular markers associated with yield related traits consistent across harvesting seasons in a breeding population. sugarcane clones ...201627342657
differential responses of soybean and sorghum growth, nitrogen uptake, and microbial metabolism in the rhizosphere to cattle manure application: a rhizobox study.in this study, we determined the capacity of soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv. hoyoharuka) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench. cv. hybrid sorgo) to utilize different forms of nitrogen (n) in a rhizobox system. seedlings were grown for 35 days without n or with 130 mg n kg(-1) soil as ammonium sulfate or farmyard cattle manure. the soil fractions at different distances from the root were sliced millimeter by millimeter in the rhizobox system. we assessed the distribution of different forms of ...201627726362
review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection.we have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. anthraquinone (aq) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. avian repellent research with aq began in the 1940s. in the context of pest management, aq is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. criteria for evaluation of e ...201627252044
relative fitness of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on seven host plants: a perspective for ipm in brazil.the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in europe, africa, asia, and australia. in 2013, this species was reported in brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on the life cycle of h. armigera, we selected seven species of host plants that mature in different seasons ...201626798139
phytoremediation potential of some agricultural plants on heavy metal contaminated mine waste soils, salem district, tamilnadu.the pot culture experiment performed for phytoextraction potential of selected agricultural plants [millet (eleusine coracana), mustard (brassica juncea), jowar (sorghum bicolor), black gram (vigna mungo), pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis)] grown in metal contaminated soils around the salem region, tamilnadu, india. physiochemical characterization of soils, reported as low to medium level of n, p, k was found in test soils. the cr content higher in mine soils than control and the values are 0.176 ...201626366709
production of bioherbicide by phoma sp. in a stirred-tank bioreactor.the objective of this work was to produce an herbicide by submerged fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor and to assess the potential herbicidal in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and in a detached leaves of cucumis sativus var species. wisconsin (cucumber) and sorghum bicolor (sorghum) species. fermentations were carried out in a stirred-tank bioreactor with useful volume of 3l. stirring rate (40, 50, and 60 rpm) and aeration (1, 2 and 3 vvm) were the variables studied for bioherbicide produ ...201628330302
decomposition, nitrogen and carbon mineralization from food and cover crop residues in the central plateau of haiti.cover crops are a major focus of conservation agriculture efforts because they can provide soil cover and increase nutrient availability after their mineralization in cropping systems. to evaluate the effect of residue type and placement on rate of decomposition and carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) mineralization, residues from two food crops, maize (zea mays l.) and common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), and two promising cover crops, sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea l.) and sorghum sudangrass (sorghum bi ...201627429883
amino-substituted para-benzoquinones as potential herbicides.although quinones present a large array of biological activities, a few studies on the herbicidal potential of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones have been reported to date. in this work, starting from benzoquinone, 13 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in 46 - 93% yield. the products were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses and their phytotoxicity against cucumis sativus and sorghum bicolor seedlings was investigated. at 100 ppm, compounds caused 10 - 88% ...201627389616
nj cluster analysis of the snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf genes in tibetan hulless barley.the abscisic acid (aba) signaling pathway is known as one of the most important signaling pathways in plants and is mediated by multiple regulators. the genes snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf are relevant to both aba-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. to elucidate the profile of these genes from tibetan hulless barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. nudum hook. f.), we collected available sequences from rna-seq data, together with ncbi data from five other model plant species (arabidopsis thali ...201627819745
single nucleotide polymorphism discovery via genotyping by sequencing to assess population genetic structure and recurrent polyploidization in andropogon gerardii.autopolyploidy, genome duplication within a single lineage, can result in multiple cytotypes within a species. geographic distributions of cytotypes may reflect the evolutionary history of autopolyploid formation and subsequent population dynamics including stochastic (drift) and deterministic (differential selection among cytotypes) processes. here, we used a population genomic approach to investigate whether autopolyploidy occurred once or multiple times in andropogon gerardii, a widespread, n ...201627466055
genome-wide characterization of major intrinsic proteins in four grass plants and their non-aqua transport selectivity profiles with comparative perspective.major intrinsic proteins (mips), commonly known as aquaporins, transport not only water in plants but also other substrates of physiological significance and heavy metals. in most of the higher plants, mips are divided into five subfamilies (pips, tips, nips, sips and xips). herein, we identified 68, 42, 38 and 28 full-length mips, respectively in the genomes of four monocot grass plants, specifically panicum virgatum, setaria italica, sorghum bicolor and brachypodium distachyon. phylogenetic an ...201627327960
using genotyping by sequencing to map two novel anthracnose resistance loci in sorghum bicolor.colletotrichum sublineola is an aggressive fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose in sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. the obvious symptoms of anthracnose are leaf blight and stem rot. sorghum, the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, can be highly susceptible to the disease, most notably in hot and humid environments. in the southeastern united states the acreage of sorghum has been increasing steadily in recent years, spurred by growing interest in producing biofuels, bio-ba ...201627194807
in vitro activity of sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against toxoplasma gondii.we investigated dried red leaf extracts of sorghum bicolor for activity against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. s. bicolor red leaf extracts were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. analysis of the crude and fractionated extracts from s. bicolor using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) showed that they contained significant amounts of apigeninidin, luteolinidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, ...201626855040
genome- wide characterization of nuclear factor y (nf-y) gene family of sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]: a bioinformatics approach.nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor (tf) complex with preferential binding to ccaat elements of promoters, regulating gene expression in most of the higher eukaryotes. the availability of plant genome sequences have revealed multiple number of genes coding for the three subunits, namely nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc in contrast to single nf-y gene for each subunit reported in yeast and animals. a total of 33 nf-ytf comprising of 8 nf-ya, 11 nf-yb and 14 nf-yc subunits were ...201627186017
biogas digestates affect crop p uptake and soil microbial community composition.fermentation residues from biogas production are known as valuable organic fertilisers. this study deals with the effect of cattle slurry, co-digested cattle slurry, co-digested energy crops and mineral fertilisers on the activity and composition of soil microbiota. furthermore, the effect of solid-liquid separation as a common pre-treatment of digestate was tested. the fertilising effects were analysed in an 8-week pot experiment on loamy sand using two crops, amaranthus cruentus and sorghum bi ...201626410342
novel platensimycin derivatives with herbicidal activity.faced with the need to develop herbicides with different modes of action on account of weed resistance to existing herbicides, the sesquiterpene lactones can be the starting point in the search for new bioactive compounds. lumisantonin and five novel amides have been evaluated against two monocotyledons and three dicotyledons.201625914183
the effects of simultaneous application of plant growth regulators and bioaugmentation on improvement of phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) refer to a wide group of soil contaminants whose presence in the environment is a cause of concern. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of indole acetic acid (iaa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phytoremediation activities of sorghum bicolor and increase in pyrene removal efficiency in the soil. the initial concentration of pyrene was 150 and 300 mg kg(-1) in this experiment. the treatments included unplanted soil (t0), planted soil with sor ...201627434251
safety of street-vended soy wara in nigeria.soy wara is a common ready-to-eat food whose production and sale are currently unregulated. microbiological sampling indicated that 21% of the samples had standard plate counts exceeding 100,000 cfu/g, and 14% had staphylococcus aureus counts higher than 100,000 cfu/g. the occurrence of s. aureus at these levels can result in food poisoning. listeria monocytogenes was isolated in 14.4% of the samples, although the counts were generally low, typically <1,000 cfu/g. although counts of l. monocytog ...201626735046
a foxtail mosaic virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in maize.plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs). a limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or vigs in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses brome mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce vigs in maize (zea mays). we describe here a new dna-based vigs system derived from foxtail mosaic virus (fomv), a monopartite virus t ...201627208311
rapid and efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor) employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker.a rapid and efficient agrobacterium -mediated transformation system in sorghum has been developed employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. sorghum (sorghum bicolor) is an important food and biofuel crop worldwide, for which improvements in genetic transformation are needed to study its biology and facilitate agronomic and commercial improvement. here, we report optimization of regeneration and transformation of public sorghum genotype p898012 using standard binary v ...201627350252
in planta transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using tps1 gene for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses.an in planta transformation protocol for sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using shoot apical meristem of germinating seedlings is reported in this study. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, lba4404 with pcambia1303 vector and construct pcambia1303tps1 were individually used for transformation. since, the transgene is integrated into the cells of already differentiated tissues, the t 0 plants were chimeric and stable integration was observed in t1 generation. β-glucuronidase (gus) expression i ...201526440081
proline over-accumulation alleviates salt stress and protects photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].shoot-tip derived callus cultures of sorghum bicolor were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5csf129a) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. the transgenics were selfed for three generations and t4 plants were examined for 100 mm nacl stress tolerance in pot conditions. the effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conduct ...201526065619
transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a β-1,3-glucanase from sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) show reduced callose deposition and increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity.seventy-one cultivars of sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) were screened for aluminium (al) tolerance by measuring relative root growth (rrg). two contrasting cultivars, roma (al tolerant) and potchetstrm (al sensitive), were selected to study shorter term responses to al stress. potchetstrm had higher callose synthase activity, lower β-1,3-glucanase activity and more callose deposition in the root apices during al treatment compared with roma. we monitored the expression of 12 genes involved i ...201525311645
a census of nuclear cyanobacterial recruits in the plant kingdom.the plastids and mitochondria of the eukaryotic cell are of endosymbiotic origin. these events occurred ~2 billion years ago and produced significant changes in the genomes of the host and the endosymbiont. previous studies demonstrated that the invasion of land affected plastids and mitochondria differently and that the paths of mitochondrial integration differed between animals and plants. other studies examined the reasons why a set of proteins remained encoded in the organelles and were not ...201525794152
reduction in phytic acid content and enhancement of antioxidant properties of nutricereals by processing for developing a fermented baby food.cereal blends containing pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and oat (avena sativa) in different ratios were processed (roasted and germinated) and also used as unprocessed flours followed by fermentation with lactobacillus sp. (lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus plantarum). they were screened for total phenolic content (tpc), phytic acid content (pac) and free radical scavenging activity (frsa). a formulation with the highest tpc, frsa and the lowest pac was selected ...201526028703
identification and characterization of a heat-inducible hsp70 gene from sorghum bicolor which confers tolerance to thermal stress.this study describes the first detailed molecular characterization of the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene from sorghum bicolor, mn1618 designated as sbhsp70-1. the full-length cdna of sbhsp70-1 consists of 2524 bp with a 1950 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 649 amino acids. sbhsp70-1 is a cytoplasmic protein with high homology to other plant hsp70s, especially grain crops. recombinant sbhsp70-1 was able to bind and hydrolyse atp in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that sb ...201526072391
inheritance and identification of a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) that confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and a novel qtl for plant height in sweet sorghum.southern root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) are a pest on many economically important row crop and vegetable species and management relies on chemicals, plant resistance, and cultural practices such as crop rotation. little is known about the inheritance of resistance to m. incognita or the genomic regions associated with resistance in sorghum (sorghum bicolor). in this study, an f2 population (n = 130) was developed between the resistant sweet sorghum cultivar 'honey drip' and the susc ...201526574655
the bifurcation of the cyanogenic glucoside and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways.the biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum has previously been shown to involve the sequential production of (e)- and (z)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. in this study we used microsomes prepared from wild-type and mutant sorghum or transiently transformed nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate that cyp79a1 catalyzes conversion of tyrosine to (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime whereas cyp71e1 catalyzes conversion of (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into the corresponding geo ...201526361733
phytoremediation using microbially mediated metal accumulation in sorghum bicolor.reclaiming land that has been anthropogenically contaminated with multiple heavy metal elements, e.g., during mining operations, is a growing challenge worldwide. the use of phytoremediation has been discussed with varying success. here, we show that a careful examination of options of microbial determination of plant performance is a key element in providing a multielement remediation option for such landscapes. we used both (a) mycorrhiza with rhizophagus irregularis and (b) bacterial amendmen ...201525874434
effect of cadmium stress and inoculation with a heavy-metal-resistant bacterium on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor.in this study, the influence of the heavy-metal-resistant rhizobacterial inoculant rhodococcus ruber n7 on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench. under cadmium stress was investigated in quartz sand pot experiments. the effect of cadmium and bacterium on the plant biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and the activities of plant-tissue enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, and tyrosinase were estimated. it was shown that the presence of cadmium in ...201526066858
plant omics data center: an integrated web repository for interspecies gene expression networks with nlp-based curation.comprehensive integration of large-scale omics resources such as genomes, transcriptomes and metabolomes will provide deeper insights into broader aspects of molecular biology. for better understanding of plant biology, we aim to construct a next-generation sequencing (ngs)-derived gene expression network (gen) repository for a broad range of plant species. so far we have incorporated information about 745 high-quality mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) samples from eight plant species (arabidopsis thal ...201525505034
higher sterol content regulated by cyp51 with concomitant lower phospholipid content in membranes is a common strategy for aluminium tolerance in several plant species.several studies have shown that differences in lipid composition and in the lipid biosynthetic pathway affect the aluminium (al) tolerance of plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. phospholipids create a negative charge at the surface of the plasma membrane and enhance al sensitivity as a result of the accumulation of positively charged al(3+) ions. the phospholipids will be balanced by other electrically neutral lipids, such as sterols. in the p ...201525416794
short communication an efficient method for simultaneous extraction of high-quality rna and dna from various plant tissues.determination of gene expression is an important tool to study biological processes and relies on the quality of the extracted rna. changes in gene expression profiles may be directly related to mutations in regulatory dna sequences or alterations in dna cytosine methylation, which is an epigenetic mark. correlation of gene expression with dna sequence or epigenetic mark polymorphism is often desirable; for this, a robust protocol to isolate high-quality rna and dna simultaneously from the same ...201526782533
a single amino acid substitution in an orange protein promotes carotenoid overaccumulation in arabidopsis.carotenoids are crucial for plant growth and human health. the finding of orange (or) protein as a pivotal regulator of carotenogenesis offers a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation and develop crops with enhanced nutritional quality. here, we demonstrated that alteration of a single amino acid in a wild-type or greatly enhanced its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. whereas overexpression of or from arabidopsis (arabidops ...201526224804
utilization of a high-throughput shoot imaging system to examine the dynamic phenotypic responses of a c4 cereal crop plant to nitrogen and water deficiency over time.the use of high-throughput phenotyping systems and non-destructive imaging is widely regarded as a key technology allowing scientists and breeders to develop crops with the ability to perform well under diverse environmental conditions. however, many of these phenotyping studies have been optimized using the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the plant accelerator(®) at the university of adelaide, australia, was used to investigate the growth and phenotypic response of the importan ...201525697789
genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing landscapes modulated during plant-virus interactions in brachypodium distachyon.in eukaryotes, alternative splicing (as) promotes transcriptome and proteome diversity. the extent of genome-wide as changes occurring during a plant-microbe interaction is largely unknown. here, using high-throughput, paired-end rna sequencing, we generated an isoform-level spliceome map of brachypodium distachyon infected with panicum mosaic virus and its satellite virus. overall, we detected ∼44,443 transcripts in b. distachyon, ∼30% more than those annotated in the reference genome. expressi ...201525634987
rubrolides as model for the development of new lactones and their aza analogs as potential photosynthesis inhibitors.natural phytotoxins and their synthetic analogs are a potential source of new bioactive compounds for agriculture. analogs of rubrolides, a class of γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones isolated from different ascidians, have been shown to interfere with the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, yet their activity needs to be improved. with this aim, ten 5-aryl-6-benzyl-4-bromopyridazin-3(2h)-ones were prepared in yields ranging from 44 to 88% by reaction of their correspondent γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones wit ...201526172321
tetraoxanes as a new class of efficient herbicides comparable with commercial products.several 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesised, and their herbicidal activity was tested against weeds and compared with the activity of commercial herbicides glyphosate and imazethapyr.201525157959
cadmium accumulation by jack-bean and sorghum in hydroponic culture.among the technologies used to recuperate cadmium (cd) contaminated soils, phytoextraction are particularly important, where the selection of suitable plants is critical to the success of the soil remediation. thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses of jack-bean and sorghum to cd supply and to quantify cd accumulation by these species grown in hydroponic culture. the plants were subjected to 0, 15, 30, or 60 μmol cd l(-1) in the nutrient solution, and gas exchange, plan ...201525397989
effects of simulated oilfield produced water on early seedling growth after treatment in a pilot-scale constructed wetland system.seed germination and early seedling growth bioassays were used to evaluate phytotoxicity of simulated oilfield produced water (opw) before and after treatment in a subsurface-flow, pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system (cwts). responses to untreated and treated opw were compared among seven plant species, including three monocotyledons: corn (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor); and four dicotyledons: lettuce (lactuca sativa), okra (abelmoschus esculen ...201525409245
the plant-growth-promoting bacterium klebsiella sp. sbp-8 confers induced systemic tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum) under salt stress.plant-growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatedeaminase (accd) activity can protect plants from the deleterious effects of abioticstressors. an accd bacterial strain, sbp-8, identified as klebsiella sp., also having other plant-growth-promoting activities, was isolated from sorghum bicolor growing in the desertregion of rajasthan, india. accd activity of sbp-8 was characterized at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. the presence of acds, a structural ...201526217911
mapping of a cellulose-deficient mutant named dwarf1-1 in sorghum bicolor to the green revolution gene gibberellin20-oxidase reveals a positive regulatory association between gibberellin and cellulose biosynthesis.here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (ga20)-oxidase and show that gas control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. within a 12,000 mutagenized sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). through the sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female f2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in ga20-oxidase ...201526198258
isolation and screening of rhizosphere bacteria from grasses in east kavango region of namibia for plant growth promoting characteristics.a diverse group of soil bacteria known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is able to inhabit the area close to plant roots and exert beneficial effects on plant growth. beneficial interactions between rhizospheric bacteria and plants provide prospects for isolating culturable pgpr that can be used as bio-fertilizers for sustainable crop production in communities that cannot easily afford chemical fertilizers. this study was conducted with the aim of isolating rhizospheric bacteria fr ...201526254764
sorghum flour fractions: correlations among polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and glycemic index.nutrients composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and estimated glycemic index (egi) were evaluated in sorghum bran (sb) and decorticated sorghum flour (dsf), obtained by a rice-polisher, as well as whole sorghum flour (wsf). correlation between egi and the studied parameters were determined. sb presented the highest protein, lipid, ash, β-glucan, total and insoluble dietary fiber contents; and the lowest non-resistant and total starch contents. the highest carbohydrate and resista ...201525766808
molecular characterization and in silico analysis of sorghum panallergens: profilin and polcalin.in india, 20-30% of the human population suffer from allergic rhinitis and 15% of them develop asthma. plant pollens are one of the causative aeroallergens and are mixture of a number of molecules including major and minor allergens (panallergens). profilin and polcalcin are the known pollen specific panallergens. allergenicity of the sorghum plant in andhra pradesh was found to be 54.9%. but the allergens responsible have not been characterized well. this study highlights identification and mol ...201526669015
biodegradation of methyl red by bacillus sp. strain un2: decolorization capacity, metabolites characterization, and enzyme analysis.azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. the present study is focused on exploring the capability of bacillus sp. strain un2 for application in methyl red (mr) degradation. effects of physicochemical parameters (ph of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. the suitable ph and temperature range for mr degradation by strain un2 were respectively 7.0-9.0 and 30-40 ° ...201424474566
structural and physicochemical characteristics of starch from sugar cane and sweet sorghum stalks.the starch present in sugar cane and sorghum juice has been considered a problem to the sugar industry. the objective of this work was to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the starch present in sugar cane and sweet sorghum. sugar cane and sweet sorghum starches presented small granules (maximum 5.9 and 7.9 μm), a-type diffraction pattern, high degree of relative crystallinity (44.4 and 42.0%), and low amylose content (17.5 and 16.4%), respectively. sugar cane starch pre ...201425037392
anchoring a plant cytochrome p450 via psam to the thylakoids in synechococcus sp. pcc 7002: evidence for light-driven biosynthesis.plants produce an immense variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are of high value as their bioactive properties make them useful as for instance pharmaceuticals. the compounds are often produced at low levels in the plant, and due to their complex structures, chemical synthesis may not be feasible. here, we take advantage of the reducing equivalents generated in photosynthesis in developing an approach for producing plant bioactive natural compounds in a photosynthetic microorganism ...201425025215
accumulation of heavy metals using sorghum sp.the essential requirement for the effective phytoremediation is selection of a plant species which should be metal tolerant, with high biomass production and known agronomic techniques. the above mentioned criteria are met by crop plant sorghum (sorghum bicolor). the response of hydroponically grown s. bicolor plants to cadmium and zinc stress was followed. the impact of metal application on physiological parameters, including changes in chlorophylls contents and antioxidative enzymes activities ...201424268752
evaluation of the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effect of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice.this work has been designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effects of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice on rapidly proliferating cells.201425298937
constans is a photoperiod regulated activator of flowering in sorghum.sorghum genotypes used for grain production in temperate regions are photoperiod insensitive and flower early avoiding adverse environments during the reproductive phase. in contrast, energy sorghum hybrids are highly photoperiod sensitive with extended vegetative phases in long days, resulting in enhanced biomass accumulation. sbprr37 and sbghd7 contribute to photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum by repressing expression of sbehd1 and ft-like genes, thereby delaying flowering in long days with min ...201424884377
amplification of aba biosynthesis and signaling through a positive feedback mechanism in seeds.abscisic acid is an essential hormone for seed dormancy. our previous study using the plant gene switch system, a chemically induced gene expression system, demonstrated that induction of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (nced), a rate-limiting aba biosynthesis gene, was sufficient to suppress germination in imbibed arabidopsis seeds. here, we report development of an efficient experimental system that causes amplification of nced expression during seed maturation. the system was created with a ...201424520869
bioaccessibility of polyphenols from wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), green gram (vigna radiata), and chickpea (cicer arietinum) as influenced by domestic food processing.cereals (wheat and sorghum) and legumes (green gram and chickpea) commonly consumed in asia and africa were evaluated for polyphenolic content. bioaccessibility of polyphenols from these grains as influenced by domestic processing was also estimated. total polyphenol content of wheat and sorghum was 1.20 and 1.12 mg/g respectively, which was increased by 49% and 20% respectively, on roasting. in contrast, a significant reduction of the same was observed in both the cereals after pressure-cooking ...201425340251
genome-wide association study of grain polyphenol concentrations in global sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] germplasm.identifying natural variation of health-promoting compounds in staple crops and characterizing its genetic basis can help improve human nutrition through crop biofortification. some varieties of sorghum, a staple cereal crop grown worldwide, have high concentrations of proanthocyanidins and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. we quantified total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in a global sorghum diversity panel (n = 381) us ...201425272193
integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses reveal an ancient genome duplication in monocots.unraveling widespread polyploidy events throughout plant evolution is a necessity for inferring the impacts of whole-genome duplication (wgd) on speciation, functional innovations, and to guide identification of true orthologs in divergent taxa. here, we employed an integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses to reveal an ancient wgd that shaped the genomes of all commelinid monocots, including grasses, bromeliads, bananas (musa acuminata), ginger, palms, and other plants of fundamental, agric ...201425082857
the ocl3 promoter from sorghum bicolor directs gene expression to abscission and nutrient-transfer zones at the bases of floral organs.during seed fill in cereals, nutrients are symplasmically unloaded to vascular parenchyma in ovules, but thereafter nutrient transport is less certain. in zea mays, two mechanisms of nutrient passage through the chalaza and nucellus have been hypothesized, apoplasmic and symplasmic. in a recent study, nutrients first passed non-selectively to the chalazal apoplasm and were then selectively absorbed by the nucellus before being released to the endosperm apoplasm. this study reports that the promo ...201425081518
effectiveness of phytoremediation technologies to clean up of metalloids using three plant species in iran.phytoremediation is a potential, innovative, and cost-effective technology for non-destructive remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. a field trial was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiencies of three plants and the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) or ammonium addition [(nh4)2so4 and nh4no3] for assisting removal of heavy metals (pb, hg, and cd) from contaminated soil. the tested plants include amaranthus retroflexus, sorghum bicolor, and lolium perrene. ...201424617109
prediction of plant pre-micrornas and their micrornas in genome-scale sequences using structure-sequence features and support vector machine.micrornas (mirnas) are a family of non-coding rnas approximately 21 nucleotides in length that play pivotal roles at the post-transcriptional level in animals, plants and viruses. these molecules silence their target genes by degrading transcription or suppressing translation. studies have shown that mirnas are involved in biological responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. identification of these molecules and their targets can aid the understanding of regulatory processes. recent ...201425547126
identification and functional characterization of bidirectional gene pairs and their intergenic regions in maize.bidirectional gene pairs exist as a specific form of gene organization in microorganisms and mammals as well as in model plant species, such as arabidopsis and rice. little is known about bidirectional gene pairs in maize, which has a large genome and is one of the most important grain crops.201424886269
prospecting sugarcane resistance to sugarcane yellow leaf virus by genome-wide association.using gwas approaches, we detected independent resistant markers in sugarcane towards a vectored virus disease. based on comparative genomics, several candidate genes potentially involved in virus/aphid/plant interactions were pinpointed. yellow leaf of sugarcane is an emerging viral disease whose causal agent is a polerovirus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) transmitted by aphids. to identify quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to yellow leaf which are of direct relevance for ...201424916990
clinical efficacy of a west african sorghum bicolor-based traditional herbal preparation jobelyn shows increased hemoglobin and cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts in hiv-positive patients.the purpose of this study was to evaluate a traditional herbal preparation, jobelyn,® for its effects on anemia and cd4+ t-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (hiv+) patients in nigeria.201424283768
sbhkt1;4, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter gene family from sorghum bicolor, functions to maintain optimal na⁺ /k⁺ balance under na⁺ stress.in halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter hkt gene family can selectively uptake k⁺ in the presence of toxic concentrations of na⁺. this has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. here, we report the characterization of sbhkt1;4, a member of the hkt gene family from sorghum bicolor. upon na⁺ stress, sbhkt1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced na⁺ /k⁺ ratio and enhanced plant growth. hete ...201424325391
salt tolerance and activity of antioxidative enzymes of transgenic finger millet overexpressing a vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase gene (sbvppase) from sorghum bicolor.a vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase cdna clone was isolated from sorghum bicolor (sbvppase) using end-to-end gene-specific primer amplification. it showed 80-90% homology at the nucleotide and 85-95% homology at the amino acid level with other vppases. the gene was introduced into expression vector pcambia1301 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter and transformed into agrobacterium tumifaciens strain lba4404 to infect embryogenic calli of finger millet (eleusine ...201424877670
production of pinostilbene compounds by the expression of resveratrol o-methyltransferase genes in escherichia coli.resveratrol (3,4',5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that belongs to a family of naturally occurring stilbenes. it has been reported that the health-promoting activities of certain methylated resveratrol derivatives are more effective than those of unmodified resveratrol. in this study, we isolated two candidate genes with resveratrol o-methyltransferase (romt) activity from grape (vitis riparia) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor). to assess their romt activities in vivo, we sy ...201424267561
characterization of four bifunctional plant iam/pam-amidohydrolases capable of contributing to auxin biosynthesis.amidases [ec 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (iam) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. with the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from arabidopsis and tobacco. the observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses ...201427135507
simultaneous transcriptome analysis of sorghum and bipolaris sorghicola by using rna-seq in combination with de novo transcriptome assembly.the recent development of rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology has enabled us to analyze the transcriptomes of plants and their pathogens simultaneously. however, rna-seq often relies on aligning reads to a reference genome and is thus unsuitable for analyzing most plant pathogens, as their genomes have not been fully sequenced. here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench and its pathogen bipolaris sorghicola simultaneously by using rna-seq in combination with de novo tran ...201323638091
comparison of class 2 transposable elements at superfamily resolution reveals conserved and distinct features in cereal grass genomes.class 2 transposable elements (tes) are the predominant elements in and around plant genes where they generate significant allelic diversity. using the complete sequences of four grasses, we have performed a novel comparative analysis of class 2 tes. to ensure consistent comparative analyses, we re-annotated class 2 tes in brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa (rice), sorghum bicolor and zea mays and assigned them to one of the five cut-and-paste superfamilies found in plant genomes (tc1/mariner ...201323369001
evaluation of cover crops with potential for use in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) for susceptibility to three species of meloidogyne.several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) applications. nematode juvenile (j2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (eruca sativa, cv. nemat), cowpea (vigna unguicula ...201324379486
the heterologous expression in arabidopsis thaliana of sorghum transcription factor sbbhlh1 downregulates lignin synthesis.basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) genes are important regulators of development in plants. sbbhlh1, a sorghum bicolor bhlh sequence, was isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization library constructed using 13 independent brown midrib (bmr) mutants as the tester and wild-type sorghum as the driver. the gene was upregulated in at least five of the mutants at the five- to seven-leaf stage. using a yeast expression system, the n-terminal portion of sbbhlh1 was shown to be required for proper ...201323698629
functional characterization of two clusters of brachypodium distachyon udp-glycosyltransferases encoding putative deoxynivalenol detoxification genes.plant small-molecule udp-glycosyltransferases (ugt) glycosylate a vast number of endogenous substances but also act in detoxification of metabolites produced by plant-pathogenic microorganisms. the ability to inactivate the fusarium graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) into don-3-o-glucoside is crucial for resistance of cereals. we analyzed the ugt gene family of the monocot model species brachypodium distachyon and functionally characterized two gene clusters containing putative orthologs ...201323550529
nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of sorghum silage treated with inoculants.fibrolytic enzymes and microbial inoculants have the potential to improve the value of sorghum feedstuff and feedstock. an experiment was conducted to determine nutritive value, ensiling characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of 4 sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) silage varieties: dairy master bmr (dbmr; brown midrib; richardson seed, vega, tx), ps 747 (ps; photoperiod sensitive; pogue seed, kenedy, tx), silo 700d (s700d; conventional forage type; richardson seed), and mmr 381/73 (mmr; ...201324035020
fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ...201324042571
are sucrose transporter expression profiles linked with patterns of biomass partitioning in sorghum phenotypes?sorghum bicolor is a genetically diverse c4 monocotyledonous species, encompassing varieties capable of producing high grain yields as well as sweet types which accumulate soluble sugars (predominantly sucrose) within their stems to high concentrations. sucrose produced in leaves (sources) enters the phloem and is transported to regions of growth and storage (sinks). it is likely that sucrose transporter (sut) proteins play pivotal roles in phloem loading and the delivery of sucrose to growth an ...201323805151
identification of bioconversion quantitative trait loci in the interspecific cross sorghum bicolor × sorghum propinquum.for lignocellulosic bioenergy to be economically viable, genetic improvements must be made in feedstock quality including both biomass total yield and conversion efficiency. toward this goal, multiple studies have considered candidate genes and discovered quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with total biomass accumulation and/or grain production in bioenergy grass species including maize and sorghum. however, very little research has been focused on genes associated with increased biomass c ...201323836384
genome-wide computational prediction and analysis of core promoter elements across plant monocots and dicots.transcription initiation, essential to gene expression regulation, involves recruitment of basal transcription factors to the core promoter elements (cpes). the distribution of currently known cpes across plant genomes is largely unknown. this is the first large scale genome-wide report on the computational prediction of cpes across eight plant genomes to help better understand the transcription initiation complex assembly. the distribution of thirteen known cpes across four monocots (brachypodi ...201324205361
evaluation of genome sequencing quality in selected plant species using expressed sequence tags.with the completion of genome sequencing projects for more than 30 plant species, large volumes of genome sequences have been produced and stored in online databases. advancements in sequencing technologies have reduced the cost and time of whole genome sequencing enabling more and more plants to be subjected to genome sequencing. despite this, genome sequence qualities of multiple plants have not been evaluated.201323922843
conservation, divergence, and genome-wide distribution of pal and pox a gene families in plants.genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and syntenic comparison were performed for the genes responsible for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase a (pox a) enzymes in nine plant species representing very diverse groups like legumes (glycine max and medicago truncatula), fruits (vitis vinifera), cereals (sorghum bicolor, zea mays, and oryza sativa), trees (populus trichocarpa), and model dicot (arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (brachypodium distachyon) species. a total of 87 and ...201323671845
patterns and evolution of acgt repeat cis-element landscape across four plant genomes.transcription factor binding is regulated by several interactions, primarily involving cis-element binding. these binding sites maintain specificity by means of their sequence, and other additional factors such as inter-motif distance and spacer specificity. the acgt core sequence has been established as a functionally important cis-element which frequently regulates gene expression in synergy with other cis-elements. in this study, we used two monocotyledonous - oryza sativa and sorghum bicolor ...201323530833
prevalent role of gene features in determining evolutionary fates of whole-genome duplication duplicated genes in flowering plants.the evolution of genes and genomes after polyploidization has been the subject of extensive studies in evolutionary biology and plant sciences. while a significant number of duplicated genes are rapidly removed during a process called fractionation, which operates after the whole-genome duplication (wgd), another considerable number of genes are retained preferentially, leading to the phenomenon of biased gene retention. however, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying gene retention after wgd re ...201323396833
aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different bioassay systems.an obligate alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616 aerobically decolorized a textile azo dye direct red-22 (5,000 mg l⁻¹) with 95 % efficiency at 37 °c and ph 9 in 4 h under static conditions. the decolorization of direct red-22 (dr-22) was possible through a broad ph (7-11), temperature (10-45 °c), salinity (1-7 %), and dye concentration (5-10 g l⁻¹) range. decolorization of dye was assessed by uv-vis spectrophotometer with reduction of peak intensity at 549 nm (λ(max)). biodegradatio ...201323070653
elucidation of the structure and reaction mechanism of sorghum hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and its structural relationship to other coenzyme a-dependent transferases and synthases.hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (hct) from sorghum (sorghum bicolor) participates in an early step of the phenylpropanoid pathway, exchanging coenzyme a (coa) esterified to p-coumaric acid with shikimic or quinic acid as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. in order to elucidate the mode of action of this enzyme, we have determined the crystal structures of sbhct in its apo-form and ternary complex with shikimate and p-coumaroyl-coa, which was c ...201323624856
differential mobility of pigment-protein complexes in granal and agranal thylakoid membranes of c₃ and c₄ plants.the photosynthetic performance of plants is crucially dependent on the mobility of the molecular complexes that catalyze the conversion of sunlight to metabolic energy equivalents in the thylakoid membrane network inside chloroplasts. the role of the extensive folding of thylakoid membranes leading to structural differentiation into stacked grana regions and unstacked stroma lamellae for diffusion-based processes of the photosynthetic machinery is poorly understood. this study examines, to our k ...201323148078
aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) superfamily in plants: gene nomenclature and comparative genomics.in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of completely sequenced plant genomes. the comparison of fully sequenced genomes allows for identification of new gene family members, as well as comprehensive analysis of gene family evolution. the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) gene superfamily comprises a group of enzymes involved in the nad(+)- or nadp(+)-dependent conversion of various aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. aldh enzymes are involved in processin ...201323007552
evolution of golden2-like gene function in c(3) and c (4) plants.a pair of golden2-like transcription factors is required for normal chloroplast development in land plant species that encompass the range from bryophytes to angiosperms. in the c(4) plant maize, compartmentalized function of the two glk genes in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells regulates dimorphic chloroplast differentiation, whereas in the c(3) plants physcomitrella patens and arabidopsis thaliana the genes act redundantly in all photosynthetic cells. to assess whether the cell-specific funct ...201322968911
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