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regulatory/modulatory effect of prune essence concentrate on intestinal function and blood lipids.prunus domestica linn (rosaceae) has been considered a functional food, owing to its various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer.201728164731
sugars and organic acids in plum fruit affected by plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv) causes severe economic losses in stone fruit production, but little is known about its effect on plum fruit composition. in this study, the influence of ppv on sugars and organic acids was evaluated in a susceptible plum (prunus domestica l.) cultivar.201727614092
categorization of cathartic (purgative) medicines mentioned in tpm resources according to their specific function.according to traditional persian medicine (tpm) resources, the human digestive system includes four steps. in the first step, gastric digestion, the ingested food pours into the stomach and changes into the leachate called chylous due to the heat produced in the stomach. in the second step, hepatic digestion, the chylous enters in the liver through mesenteric vessels and transforms into the quadruple humors, sanguine, phlegm, bile and black bile due to the liver heat. in the case of humor predom ...201627840491
categorization of cathartic (purgative) medicines mentioned in tpm resources according to their specific function.according to traditional persian medicine (tpm) resources, the human digestive system includes four steps. in the first step, gastric digestion, the ingested food pours into the stomach and changes into the leachate called chylous due to the heat produced in the stomach. in the second step, hepatic digestion, the chylous enters in the liver through mesenteric vessels and transforms into the quadruple humors, sanguine, phlegm, bile and black bile due to the liver heat. in the case of humor predom ...201627516658
effects of solid-state fermentation with two filamentous fungi on the total phenolic contents, flavonoids, antioxidant activities and lipid fractions of plum fruit (prunus domestica l.) by-products.evolutions of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities during solid-state fermentation (ssf) of plum pomaces (from the juice industry) and brandy distillery wastes with aspergillus niger and rhizopus oligosporus were investigated. the effect of fermentation time on the oil content and major lipid classes in the plum kernels was also studied. results showed that total phenolic (tp) amounts increased by over 30% for ssf with rhizopus oligosporus and by >21% for ssf with a. niger. the total fla ...201627173530
incidence and severity of leaf and fruit diseases of plums in latvia.in the present study six plum orchards in latvia were examined during 2014. one orchard was commercial with integrated pest management (ipm) practices, one was with organic management, two orchards were scientific collections and in two orchards plums were grown as a minor crop, using ipm practices. the shot-hole disease (wilsonomyces carpophilus) and fruit rot were monitored in the field. samples of twigs and leaves were taken for further examination if some other disease symptoms were observed ...201527141740
association between chloroplast and mitochondrial dna sequences in chinese prunus genotypes (prunus persica, prunus domestica, and prunus avium).the nuclear dna is conventionally used to assess the diversity and relatedness among different species, but variations at the dna genome level has also been used to study the relationship among different organisms. in most species, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are inherited maternally; therefore it is anticipated that organelle dna remains completely associated. many research studies were conducted simultaneously on organelle genome. the objectives of this study was to analyze the genet ...201525592231
aphid transmission of the ontario isolate of plum pox virus.utilization of timed virus acquisition access probes in studies of plum pox virus (ppv) transmission by aphids demonstrated that endemic species transmitted the virus readily from plum, prunus domestica (l.) batsch; peach, p. persica (l.); or dwarf flowering almond, p. glandulosa thunberg., to peach seedlings. the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), was shown to be the most efficient vector. acquisition of virus by green peach aphids from infected peach leaves resulted in 18-28% infected ...201526453705
effect of plum pox virus on chemical composition and fruit quality of plum.the quality of fruit from ppv (plum pox virus)-infected plum (prunus domestica l.) trees was investigated during the last 3 weeks of ripening using healthy tree (t3), tree with short-term infection (t2), and tree with long-term infection (t1). the pomological variables (presence of necrosis on fruit, color of fruit, color of flesh, firmness, soluble solids content, and fruit weight) and composition of nutritive compounds (sugars and organic acids) and bioactive compounds (phenolics: anthocyanins ...201525495040
effect of increasing levels of seven tree species extracts added to a high concentrate diet on in vitro rumen gas output.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extracts of byrsonima crassifolia, celtis pallida, enterolobium cyclocarpum, fraxinus excelsior, ficus trigonata, phoradendrom brevifolium and prunus domestica on in vitro gas production (gp) and ruminal fermentation of a high concentrate diet. plant extracts were prepared at 1 g dry matter (dm)/8 ml of solvent mixture (methanol : ethanol : water, 1:1:8) and added at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 ml/g dm of a high concen ...201424796241
eriophyoid mites (acari: trombidiformes: eriophyoidea) of rosales trees in iran: two new species and three new records.this paper describes two new species of eriophyoidea associated with trees belonging to the order rosales in the south-western portion of east azerbaijan province, iran, collected during a survey in 2011: aceria lobolinguae n. sp. on elaeagnus angustifolia l. (elaeagnaceae) and rhinophytoptus nemalobos n. sp. on prunus domestica l. (rosaceae). additionally, phyllocoptes abaenus keifer on prunus armeniaca l. (rosaceae), aculus fockeui (nalepa & trouessart) on prunus amygdalus stokes and malus dom ...201425283393
neophyllobius lorestanicus sp. nov. and n. ostovani sp.nov. (acari: camerobiidae) from iran.two new species of the genus neophyllobius berlese, 1886 are described: neophyllobius lorestanicus sp. nov. collected from soil under prunus domestica l. (rosaceae) in markazi province and neophyllobius ostovani sp. nov. from soil and rotten leaves of oak trees in fars province, iran. a key to all known iranian and turkish species of neophyllobius is provided.201424870646
transcriptomic analysis of prunus domestica undergoing hypersensitive response to plum pox virus infection.plum pox virus (ppv) infects prunus trees around the globe, posing serious fruit production problems and causing severe economic losses. one variety of prunus domestica, named 'jojo', develops a hypersensitive response to viral infection. here we compared infected and non-infected samples using next-generation rna sequencing to characterize the genetic complexity of the viral population in infected samples and to identify genes involved in development of the resistance response. analysis of vira ...201424959894
[identification of pantoea agglomeran xm2 with biocontrol activity against postharvest pear black spot].we isolated the bacterial strain xm2 from prunes (prunus domestica l.) fruit surface. xm2 was identified and tested as an antagonist for postharvest biological control of black spot disease (alternaria alternata) on pear fruits.201425272813
screening of solvent dependent antibacterial activity of prunus domestica.fruit of prunus domestica was extracted in ethanol. the ethanol extract was further extracted with two solvents ethyl acetate and chloroform. the crude ethanol extract and two fractions (ethyl acetate and chloroform) were screened for their antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method .they were tested against nine bacteria; five gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcuc intermedius, bacillus cereus, bacillus pumilus) and four gram negative bacteria (eschrichia ...201323455215
a synergistic effect in controlling plum postharvest diseases occurs by applying uv-c light to sodium bicarbonate treated fruit.the effectiveness of ultraviolet-c light (uv-c; 254 nm) alone at 0, 3, 6 and 12 kjm(-2), or combined with 0.0 or 0.5% (w7v) sodium bicarbonate (sbc), to control plum (prunus domestica cv stanley) postharvest decay caused by penicillium expansum l. and botrytis cinerea was investigated. first, fruit was sanitized and in one experiment plums were artificially wound-inoculated 24 h before treatments and afterwards kept at 25 degrees c with 90% rh for 7 days. in the second experiment, treatments wer ...201325151834
plums (prunus domestica l.) are a good source of yeasts producing organic acids of industrial interest from glycerol.the production of organic acids from several yeasts isolated from mature plums on media containing glycerol as carbon source was analysed by hplc-uv. the yeasts isolated were identified by sequencing the 5.8s internal transcribed spacer as pichia fermentans, wickerhamomyces anomalus and candida oleophila. the organic acid profiles of these strains comprise acetic, citric, succinic and malic acids that qualitatively and quantitatively vary between different species as well as among strains from t ...201323561074
spatial and temporal assessment of pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow from genetically engineered plum prunus domestica.pollen flow from a 0.46 ha plot of genetically engineered (ge) prunus domestica located in west virginia, usa was evaluated from 2000-2010. sentinel plum trees were planted at distances ranging from 132 to 854 m from the center of the ge orchard. plots of mixed plum varieties and seedlings were located at 384, 484 and 998 m from the ge plot. bee hives (apis mellifera) were dispersed between the ge plum plot and the pollen flow monitoring sites. pollen-mediated gene flow from out of the ge plum p ...201324098374
complete genome sequence of a novel plum pox virus strain w isolate determined by 454 pyrosequencing.the near-complete (99.7 %) genome sequence of a novel russian plum pox virus (ppv) isolate pk, belonging to the strain winona (w), has been determined by 454 pyrosequencing with the exception of the thirty-one 5'-terminal nucleotides. this region was amplified using 5'race kit and sequenced by the sanger method. genomic rna released from immunocaptured ppv particles was employed for generation of cdna library using transplex whole transcriptome amplification kit (wta2, sigma-aldrich). the entire ...201323813250
silencing of the host factor eif(iso)4e gene confers plum pox virus resistance in plum.plum pox virus (ppv) causes the most economically-devastating viral disease in prunus species. unfortunately, few natural resistance genes are available for the control of ppv. recessive resistance to some potyviruses is associated with mutations of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) or its isoform eif(iso)4e. in this study, we used an rna silencing approach to manipulate the expression of eif4e and eif(iso)4e towards the development of ppv resistance in prunus species. the eif4 ...201323382802
evaluation of the genetic diversity of plum pox virus in a single plum tree.genetic diversity of plum pox virus (ppv) and its distribution within a single perennial woody host (plum, prunus domestica) has been evaluated. a plum tree was triply infected by chip-budding with ppv-m, ppv-d and ppv-rec isolates in 2003 and left to develop untreated under open field conditions. in september 2010 leaf and fruit samples were collected from different parts of the tree canopy. a 745-bp nib-cp fragment of ppv genome, containing the hypervariable region encoding the cp n-terminal e ...201222521553
endophytic fungi from plums (prunus domestica) and their antifungal activity against monilinia fructicola.enophytic fungi were isolated from plum (prunus domestica) leaves, identified with its1 and its4 primers, and their antagonistic activity was tested against monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot, blossom blight, and twig blight of stone fruits, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on a variety of fruit crops. the production of antifungal compounds was determined in agar-diffusion and volatile inverted-plate tests. a total of 163 fungi were recovered from 30 plum tr ...201223043843
anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected pakistani medicinal plants in helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. in the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (il-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal ...201222433535
alternative methods to control postharvest decay caused by penicillium expansum in plums (prunus domestica l.).in the latest years, investigation on postharvest treatments has been increasingly addressed to preserve human health and environment safeguard. several preservative compounds, physical treatments and biological control agents to restrain postharvest pathogens on horticultural products have been widely studied. among them potassium sorbate (ks) has been generally recognized as safe for use in foods and personal care products. it acts as microbial growth inhibitor and fungistatic agent in foods, ...201223885418
activity, polypeptide and gene identification of thylakoid ndh complex in trees: potential physiological relevance of fluorescence assays.three evergreen (laurus nobilis, viburnum tinus and thuja plicata) and two autumnal abscission deciduous trees (cydonia oblonga and prunus domestica) have been investigated for the presence (zymogram and immunodetection) and functionality (post-illumination chlorophyll fluorescence) of the thylakoid ndh complex. the presence of encoding ndh genes has also been investigated in t. plicata. western assays allowed tentative identification of zymogram nadh dehydrogenase bands corresponding to the ndh ...201222324908
highly efficient transformation protocol for plum (prunus domestica l.).a high-throughput transformation system for plum has been developed using hypocotyl slices excised from zygotic embryos as the source of explants. the hypocotyl slices are infected in an agrobacterium tumefaciens suspension and then cocultivated for 3 days in shoot regeneration ¾ ms basal medium supplemented with 9 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. transgenic shoots are regenerated in a medium containing 7.5 μm thidiazuron and elongated in a medium containing 3 μm benzyladenine in the presence ...201222351009
syzygium cumini (l.) skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses.syzygium cumini (s. cumini) (l.) skeels (jambolan) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. the present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on botany, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological actions of s. cumini (l.) skeels (jambolan). electronic database search was conducted with the search terms of eugenia jambolana, s. cumini, jambolan, common plum and java plum. the pla ...201223569906
evaluation of the odour of aminoleban(®) en, taste-masked with flavoured powders, by human and electronic noses.aminoleban® en is a bitter total enteral nutrient product with an unpleasant odour. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the odour of aminoleban® en, taste-masked with various flavoured powders, by human testing and by using an electronic nose system (alpha m.o.s.).201223488778
the effect of delactosed whey permeate on phytochemical content of canned tomatoes.the effect of delactosed whey permeate (dwp) treatment on antioxidant and phyto-chemical components of canned irish plum tomatoes were investigated. tomatoes were sterilised for 5 min (f(0)) at 120 °c and stored for 6 months. the dwp treatment retained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of ascorbic acid and lycopene of tomatoes. the antioxidant activity of dwp treated tomatoes was higher (7%) than the control at the end of storage. the firmness in dwp-treated fruits was around 40% higher than ...201223442681
phylogeography of anastrepha obliqua inferred with mtdna sequencing.anastrepha obliqua (macquart) (diptera: tephritidae), the west indian fruit fly, is a frugivorous pest that occasionally finds its way to commercial growing areas outside its native distribution. it inhabits areas in mexico, central and south america, and the caribbean with occasional infestations having occurred in the southern tier states (california, florida, and texas) of the united states. this fly is associated with many plant species and is a major pest of mango and plum. we examine the g ...201223356081
hydrogen fluoride damage to vegetation from peri-urban brick kilns in asia: a growing but unrecognised problem?the rapid urbanisation of many cities in south and south-east asia has increased the demand for bricks, which are typically supplied from brick kilns in peri-urban areas. we report visible foliar damage to mango, apricot and plum trees in the vicinity of traditional bull's trench brick kilns in peshawar, pakistan. visible injury symptoms, hydrogen fluoride concentrations in air, and foliar fluoride concentrations were all greater in the vicinity of brick kilns than at more distant sites, indicat ...201222243880
Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis.Histochemical screening of 30 Rosaceae genera representing all classic subfamilies demonstrated flavan-3-ols (catechins) as general secondary metabolites in roots of Rosaceae. Semi-quantitative LC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and various dimeric flavan-3-ols (also representing higher polymeric proanthocyanidins) as prominent polyphenols in root tips of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum). Distinct patterns of flavan-3-o ...201221973223
Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) do not infest Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), but Anastrepha obliqua occasionally shares this resource with Anastrepha striata in nature.This study examined whether economically important fruit fly species Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) may opportunistically exploit guavas, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), growing near preferred natural hosts. We collected 3,459 kg of guavas and 895 kg of other known host species [sour orange, Citrus aurantium L.; grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen; mango, Mangifera indica L.; white sapote, Casimiroa edulis L ...201121882684
[plum-blossom needle, cupping combined with electroacupuncture for traumatic myositis ossificans of elbow joint in early stage]. 201121894692
John Newsom-Davis: clinician-scientist and so much more.John Newsom-Davis was born in 1932 and died, aged 74, in 2007. After national service in the Royal Air Force, he read Natural Sciences at Cambridge. Following clinical studies at the Middlesex Hospital, he began research into respiratory neurophysiology with Tom Sears at the National Hospital, Queen Square, in London, and spent 1 year with Fred Plum at Cornell University in New York. After neurology specialist training at Queen Square, he became the director of the Batten Unit, continuing his in ...201122171357
new iranian and australian peach latent mosaic viroid variants and evidence for rapid sequence evolution.peach latent mosaic viroid isolates from peach and plum in iran have been compared with an australian isolate from nectarine. thirteen sequence variants 336-338 nt in size were obtained. all variants clustered phylogenetically with variants reported from several hosts and countries. a total nucleic acid extract, a slightly longer than full-length rt-pcr amplicon, and a recombinant plasmid clone from the australian isolate were all infectious to, and symptomatic in, mechanically inoculated peach ...201122075917
Immunogenic compositions assembled from TMV-generated spherical particle platforms and foreign antigens.Recently we reported that RNA-free spherical particles (SPs) generated by thermal remodeling of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were capable of binding green fluorescent protein to their surface. Here we showed that SPs represented a universal particle platform which could form compositions by binding to their surface a diversity of various foreign proteins/epitopes of viral and nonviral origin. Numerous molecules of a foreign protein linked to the SP surface were revealed by immunogold electron micr ...201122049093
vermouth technology of production and quality characteristics.the aperitif wine, known as vermouth, is primarily prepared by adding a mixture of herbs and spices or their extract to a base wine. as such, it could also be called aromatized liquor, or a fortified wine. various plant parts, such as seeds, wood, leaves, bark, or roots in dry form can be used in flavoring. these additives may be infused, macerated, or distilled in a base white wine, or added at various stages of preparation. the final liquid is filtered, pasteurized, and fortified (by the addit ...201121867897
monitoring of systemic exposure to plant protection products and dna damage in orchard workers.the systemic exposure of plum tree growers and operators to plant protection products (ppps) and effects on dna were assessed. specifically, a gc-ms/ms method was developed and validated for the analysis of serum samples for the presence of seven active substances of ppps. the analytical results verified the presence of myclobutanil, propargite, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in 7 out of 19 serum samples. the incidence of dna damage was monitored using the single cell electrophoresis assay (comet ...201122115631
a plant small polypeptide is a novel component of dna-binding protein phosphatase 1-mediated resistance to plum pox virus in arabidopsis.dna-binding protein phosphatases (dbps) have been identified as a novel class of plant-specific regulatory factors playing a role in plant-virus interactions. ntdbp1 from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) was shown to participate in transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to virus infection in compatible interactions, and atdbp1, its closest relative in the model plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), has recently been found to mediate susceptibility to potyvirus, one of the most ...201122021419
identification and genetic characterization of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene that controls tree stature and reproductive growth in plum.several dwarf plum genotypes (prunus salicina l.), due to deficiency of unknown gibberellin (ga) signalling, were identified. a cdna encoding ga 2-oxidase (pslga2ox), the major gibberellin catabolic enzyme in plants, was cloned and used to screen the ga-deficient hybrids. this resulted in the identification of a dwarf plum hybrid, designated as dgo24, that exhibits a markedly elevated pslga2ox signal. grafting 'early golden' (eg), a commercial plum cultivar, on dgo24 (eg/d) enhanced pslga2ox acc ...201122080981
effectiveness of odor-baited trap trees for plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) monitoring in commercial apple orchards in the northeast.the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), is a key pest of pome and stone fruit in eastern and central north america. for effective management of this insect pest in commercial apple (malus spp.) orchards in the northeastern united states and canada, one of the greatest challenges has been to determine the need for and timing of insecticide applications that will protect apple fruit from injury by adults. in a 2004-2005 study, we assessed the efficacy and economic viability of a reduce ...201122066191
the cucumber vein yellowing virus silencing suppressor p1b can functionally replace hcpro in plum pox virus infection in a host-specific manner.plant viruses of the genera potyvirus and ipomovirus (potyviridae family) use unrelated rna silencing suppressors (rss) to counteract antiviral rna silencing responses. hcpro is the rss of potyvirus spp., and its activity is enhanced by the upstream p1 protein. distinctively, the ipomovirus cucumber vein yellowing virus (cvyv) lacks hcpro but contains two p1 copies in tandem (p1ap1b), the second of which functions as rss. using chimeras based on the potyvirus plum pox virus (ppv), we found that ...201121970691
top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology.many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the gen ...201122017770
[plum blossom needling for 74 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis]. 201122136038
Detection of plum pox potyviral protein-protein interactions in planta using an optimized mRFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system.In previous studies, protein interaction maps of different potyviruses have been generated using yeast two-hybrid (YTH) systems, and these maps have demonstrated a high diversity of interactions of potyviral proteins. Using an optimized bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, a complete interaction matrix for proteins of a potyvirus was developed for the first time under in planta conditions with ten proteins from plum pox virus (PPV). In total, 52 of 100 possible interactions we ...201121880839
use of a multivariate approach to assess the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in concentrate fruit juices marketed in argentina: results of a 14-year survey.the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in fruit/vegetable juices (concentrated pulps and clarified and non-clarified juices) marketed in argentina between 1996 and 2009. the presence of alicyclobacillus was determined in a total of 8556 samples of fruit and vegetable juices (apple, pear, grape, peach, blend of juices, tangerine, pineapple, orange, mango, plum, guava, apricot, lemon, banana, kiwi, carrot, strawberry, grapefruit, and beetroot) collected i ...201121962940
development, optimization, and validation of a classical swine fever virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay.classical swine fever (csf) is an economically devastating disease of pigs. instrumental to the control of csf is a well-characterized assay that can deliver a rapid, accurate diagnosis prior to the onset of clinical signs. a real-time fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (taqman) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for csf was developed by the united states department of agriculture (usda) at the plum island animal disease center (csf piadc assay) and evaluated for analytical and d ...201121908362
Fast versus slow: different saccadic behavior in cerebellar ataxias.Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by involvement of the brainstem and cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, cerebral cortex, but white matter is also involved. In late-onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA), the cerebellum is mainly involved, as demonstrated by clinical and neuroradiological findings. These neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with progressive abnormalities in eye movement control, particularly saccadic chan ...201121950987
Size distribution and composition of phosphorus in the East Tiao River, China: the significant role of colloids.The environmental risk of aquatic phosphorus (P) critically depends on its mobility and bioavailability, both of which are greatly affected by the size distribution and composition of P. The size distribution (particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved phase) of P, composed of molybdate reactive P (MRP) and molybdate unreactive P (MUP), was determined at twenty-three typical sections of the East Tiao River, China in the plum rain season. Results indicated particulate P was dominant followed by t ...201121915398
Effects of a plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc.) ethanol extract on the immune system in vivo and in vitro.The effect of a plum ethanol extract (PEE) on immunity was analyzed. An oral administration of PEE increased the interleukin (IL)-12p40 concentration in the serum and T-cell ratio in the spleen. In vitro studies revealed that PEE stimulated IL-12p70 production in peritoneal macrophages and natural killer activity. These findings suggest that PEE enhanced the immune function by stimulating innate immune cells.201121979085
potential antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and proapoptotic anticancer activities of kakadu plum and illawarra plum polyphenolic fractions.kakadu plum (terminalia ferdinandiana exell, combretaceae) and illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus endl., podocarpaceae) extracts were fractionated, using a bioassay-guided approach and screened for antioxidant activity [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) and cellular antioxidant activity (caa) assays] and antiinflammatory activity (nitrite concentration and prostaglandin e(2) release in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated murine macrophages). among 8 fractions obtained from kp and 5 fractio ...201121875324
Evaluation of tag entanglement as a factor in harmonic radar studies of insect dispersal.The observation of insects and other small organisms entangled in the habitat after the addition of vertical or trailing electronic tags to their body has generated concerns on the suitability of harmonic radars to track the dispersal of insects. This study compared the walking behavior of adult Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Chrysomelidae), plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Curculionidae), and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) ...201122182617
dietary supplementation with dried plum prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss while modulating the immune response in c57bl/6j mice.this study was designed to investigate the effects of dried plum on the changes in bone metabolism and the immune response associated with ovarian hormone deficiency. adult female c57bl/6j mice were either sham-operated (sham) and fed ain-93 diet (control) or ovariectomized (ovx) and fed a control diet with 0%, 5%, 15% or 25% dried plum (w/w), corresponding to control, low- (ldp), medium- (mdp) and high (hdp)-dose dried plum. four weeks of hdp supplementation prevented the decrease in spine bone ...201121414765
sequence variability, recombination analysis, and specific detection of the w strain of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv), a member of the genus potyvirus, is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental disease of stone-fruit trees worldwide. ppv isolates are grouped into seven distinct strains. the minor ppv-w strain was established recently for the divergent w3174 isolate found in canada. here, the partial or complete genomic sequences of four ppv-w isolates from latvia have been determined. the completely sequenced isolates lv-141pl and lv-145bt share 93.1 and 92.1% nucleotide identity, ...201121425932
histological mechanisms of the resistance conferred by the ma gene against meloidogyne incognita in prunus spp.the ma gene from myrobalan plum is a tnl gene that confers a high-level resistance to all root-knot nematodes of major economic importance, including meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. arenaria, and m. enterolobii. the nematode behavior in the roots and the corresponding histological mechanisms of the ma resistance to m. incognita in the resistant (r) accessions of the plum 'p.2175' and the interspecific hybrid p.2175×almond-peach '35', carrying the ma1 allele (ma1/ma), were characterized in ...201121446787
prunus domestica pathogenesis-related protein-5 activates the defense response pathway and enhances the resistance to fungal infection.pathogenesis-related protein-5 (pr-5) has been implicated in plant disease resistance and its antifungal activity has been demonstrated in some fruit species. however, their roles, especially their interactions with the other defense responses in plant cells, are still not fully understood. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a new pr-5 cdna named pdpr5-1 from the european plum (prunus domestica). expression of pdpr5-1 was studied in different cultivars varying in resistance to the b ...201121448276
an optimized mrfp-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system for the detection of protein-protein interactions in planta.an existing bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) system, based on a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mrfp), has been optimized for the investigation of protein-protein interactions in planta. the expression plasmids, encoding the n-terminal amino acids (aa) 1-168 and the c-terminal aa 169-225 of the mrfp, allow n- or c-terminal fusion of a split mrfp, with the genes of interest. two major improvements over the original vectors have been made. firstly, the coding sequence of a gggsgg ...201121473882
the ma gene for complete-spectrum resistance to meloidogyne species in prunus is a tnl with a huge repeated c-terminal post-lrr region.root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne species are major polyphagous pests of most crops worldwide, and cultivars with durable resistance are urgently needed because of nematicide bans. the ma gene from the myrobalan plum (prunus cerasifera) confers complete-spectrum, heat-stable, and high-level resistance to rkn, which is remarkable in comparison with the mi-1 gene from tomato (solanum lycopersicum), the sole rkn resistance gene cloned. we report here the positional cloning and the functional val ...201121482634
[clinical study on electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of amblyopia in children].to comparatively study the clinical effect of electrical plum-blossom needle on ametropic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia.201121485075
a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: carbohydrates and natural products.context: eleven carbohydrates and natural product ingredients were added individually to experimental cigarettes. objective: a battery of tests was used to compare toxicity of mainstream smoke from these experimental cigarettes to matched control cigarettes without test ingredients. materials and methods: smoke fractions from each cigarette type were evaluated using analytical chemistry; in vitro cytotoxicity (neutral red uptake) and in vitro bacterial (salmonella) mutagenicity (five strains) te ...201121504300
anticancer, chemopreventive and radioprotective potential of black plum (eugenia jambolana lam.).despite good understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and advances in treatment, globally cancer is still a major cause of death. estimates are that it will surpass cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death, with higher incidences in the developing countries that have minimal resources. chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the two most commonly used treatment modalities, are associated with untoward side effects. this has necessitated the search for alternatives that are effectiv ...201121517226
synergistic effects of sour taste and low temperature in suppressing the bitterness of aminoleban(®) en.aminoleban(®) en, a nutritional product for patients with liver failure, contains three branched-chain amino acids (bcaas): l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine. as bcaas are extremely bitter, aminoleban(®) en has a low palatability, which is a major cause of patient noncompliance. nutrients for liver failure often need to be taken for long periods, and poor medication compliance can cause serious problems, such as encephalopathy. therefore it is important to suppress the bitter taste of aminol ...201121532188
phenotypic plasticity of stem water potential correlates with crop load in horticultural trees.conceptual models accounting for the influence of source:sink ratio on water relations of trees are theoretically relevant from a physiological perspective and practically important for irrigation scheduling. midday stem water potential of horticultural trees often declines with increasing crop load but the actual response depends on environmental, management and plant factors. here we advance a quantitative synthesis of the response of stem water potential to crop load from the perspective of p ...201121636690
rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. isolated from tumors on chrysanthemum and prunus in poland.three gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from galls on chrysanthemum (ch11(t), ch12) and on prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (al 9.3). all three isolates are able to cause crown gall on different plant species. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the strains belong to the genus rhizobium and their closest relatives are rhizobium rubi (99.6%), rhizobium radiobacter (98.7%) and rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1%). phylogenetic analysis of the novel strain ...201121642489
[plum blossom needles combined with cupping for dermatitis due to mosquito bites]. 201121644307
visualization of plant viral suppressor silencing activity in intact leaf lamina by quantitative fluorescent imaging.abstract: background: transient expression of proteins in plants has become a favoured method over the production of stably transformed plants because, in addition to enabling high protein yields, it is both fast and easy to apply. an enhancement of transient protein expression can be achieved by plant virus-encoded rna silencing suppressor proteins. since viral suppressor proteins differ in their efficiency to enhance transient protein expression in plants, we developed a whole-leaf green fluor ...201121812965
simultaneous determination of plant growth regulators 1-naphthylacetic acid and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid in fruit and vegetable samples by room temperature phosphorescence.introduction: 1-naphthylacetic and 2-naphthoxyacetic acids belong to the synthetic branch of auxins. auxins have attracted considerable interest as a subject of study by virtue of their biological and physiological significance. their broad use as plant growth regulators has raised the need for simple, rapid, sensitive and selective analytical methods for their determination in real samples. objective: the primary aim of this work was to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determin ...201121805518
sitting without back support position for prolonged consciousness disturbance patients: an intervention program case study.abstract: the purpose of this research was to document and compare the before and after levels of consciousness of patients with prolonged consciousness disturbance (pcd) who sat for a specified length of time in a specially designed backless chair (suwarou-kun). three patients were selected as participants using the pcd criteria described by jennet and plum in 1972. the kohnan vegetative score (henceforth referred to as the kohnan pcd scale) and electroencephalography (eeg) measurements, togeth ...201121796026
genetically engineered resistance to plum pox virus infection in herbaceous and stone fruit hosts.plum pox virus (ppv), a potyvirus, is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental viral disease affecting stone fruittrees. this review focuses on research carried out to obtain ppv- resistant transgenic plants and on how biotechnological strategies evolved in light of the scientific advances made during the last several years. successful rna silencing strategies that confer high level of resistance to strains of ppv have been developed and tested under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. ...201121844696
o-glcnacylation of the plum pox virus capsid protein catalyzed by secret agent: characterization of o-glcnac sites by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry.the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked β-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac). in arabidopsis thaliana this modification is made by an o-glcnac transferase named secret agent (sec). modification of ppv-cp by sec is hypothesized to have a direct role in the infection process, because virus titer and rate of spread are reduced in sec mutants. previous studies used deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis to identify four o-glcnac sites on the capsid protein that ar ...201120676902
harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants.in pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation-poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. this study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes.201121058275
analysis of the epitope structure of plum pox virus coat protein.typing of the particular plum pox virus (ppv) strain responsible in an outbreak has important practical implications and is frequently performed using strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). analysis in western blots of the reactivity of 24 mabs to a 112-amino-acid n-terminal fragment of the ppv coat protein (cp) expressed in escherichia coli showed that 21 of the 24 mabs recognized linear or denaturation-insensitive epitopes. a series of eight c-truncated cp fragments allowed the mapping ...201121171886
molecular epidemiology of plum pox virus in japan.for a molecular epidemiological study based on complete genome sequences, 37 plum pox virus (ppv) isolates were collected from the kanto region in japan. pair-wise analyses revealed that all 37 japanese isolates belong to the ppv-d strain, with low genetic diversity (less than 0.8%). in phylogenetic analysis of the ppv-d strain based on complete nucleotide sequences, the relationships of the ppv-d strain were reconstructed with high resolution: at the global level, the american, canadian, and ja ...201121198358
ectopic expression of class 1 knox genes induce adventitious shoot regeneration and alter growth and development of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l) and european plum (prunus domestica l).transgenic plants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l) and european plum (prunus domestica l) were produced by transforming with the apple class 1 knox genes (mdkn1 and mdkn2) or corn knox1 gene. transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated in vitro from transformed leaf discs cultured in a medium lacking cytokinin. ectopic expression of knox genes retarded shoot growth by suppressing elongation of internodes in transgenic tobacco plants. expression of each of the three knox1 genes induced malformatio ...201121212958
molecular, ultrastructural, and biological characterization of pennsylvania isolates of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv) was identified in pennsylvania in 1999. the outbreak was limited to a four-county region in southern pennsylvania. initial serological and molecular characterization indicated that the isolates in pennsylvania belong to the d strain of ppv. the pennsylvania isolates were characterized by sequence analysis, electron microscopy, host range, and vector transmission to determine how these isolates related to their previously studied european counterparts. genetically, pennsylvan ...201121261466
field evaluation of reduced insecticide spray programs for managing plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (coleoptera: curculionidae), in alabama peaches.plum curculio (pc), conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst.), is an important pest of peaches in the southeastern united states. commercially acceptable control of this insect is typically achieved by weekly or biweekly application of broad-spectrum conventional insecticides, resulting in 6-12 sprays per season. experiments were conducted in a peach orchard in alabama during 2007-2009 to compare the conventional calendar-based insecticide spray program involving weekly applications of phosmet with three ...201121268230
mediterranean and central-eastern european countries host viruses of two different clades of plum pox virus strain m.the genetic diversity of plum pox virus strain m (ppv-m) was assessed by analyzing 28 isolates collected in 8 european countries. two genomic fragments spanning the (cter)p3-6k1-(nter)ci coding region as well as the full coat protein coding region were sequenced directly from pcr products. phylogenetic analysis showed that the geographical origin of the collected isolates was clearly associated with two different ppv-m clades. moreover, the pattern of substitutions in the cp gene shed light on t ...201121293968
physiological responses and differential gene expression in prunus rootstocks under iron deficiency conditions.two prunus rootstocks, the myrobalan plum p 2175 and the interspecific peach-almond hybrid, felinem, were studied to characterize their biochemical and molecular responses induced under iron-deficient conditions. plants of both genotypes were submitted to different treatments using a hydroponic system that permitted removal of fe from the nutrient solution. control plants were grown in 90 µm fe (iii)-edta, deficient plants were grown in an iron free solution, and plants submitted to an inductor ...201121306783
native australian fruit polyphenols inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.apoptosis is one of the most critical forms of defense against cancer, and the induction of apoptosis by dietary polyphenols represents significant potential for cancer preventive activity. the present study examined polyphenols extracted from selected native australian fruits--illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus endl., podocarpaceae), kakadu plum (terminalia ferdinandiana exell, combretaceae), muntries (kunzea pomifera f. muell., myrtaceae), and native currant (acrotriche depressa r.br., epacrida ...201121391128
determination of dodine in fruit samples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.a rapid and sensitive lc/electrospray ionization-ms/ms method has been developed for the determination of dodine in fruit samples. based on a liquid-liquid extraction of 10 g solid fruit homogenate using an acetone-dichloromethane-hexane mixture and acetate ammonium buffer (ph 4.5), this lc/ms/ms procedure was characterized by recoveries above 50%, with good intra-assay precision (rsd < 13%) and interassay precision (rsd < 18%) for seven different matrixes (apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, p ...201121391507
agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of prunus as an alternative for gene functional analysis in hairy-roots and composite plants.resistant rootstocks offer an alternative to pesticides for the control of soil pests. in prunus spp., resistance loci to root-knot nematodes (rkn) have been mapped and a transformation method is needed to validate candidate genes. our efforts have focused on the generation of transformed hairy-roots and composite plants appropriate for nematode infection assays. an efficient and reliable method using the a4r strain of agrobacterium rhizogenes for the transformation of prunus roots with an egfp ...201121409553
effect of several different pollens on the bio-ecological parameters of the predatory mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa (acari: phytoseiidae).the development, survivorship, and reproduction of the predacious mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa were studied in the laboratory by rearing the predator on nine different plant pollens [almond(prunus amygdalis batsch), apple (malus domestica borkh.), apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), cherry (prunus avium l.), pear (pyrus communis l.), plum (prunus domestica l.), walnut (juglans regia l.), olive (olea europaea l.), typha sp.], and pollen collected from bee hives. all experiments were c ...201122251637
lesser peachtree borer (lepidoptera: sesiidae) oviposition on prunus germplasm.the lesser peachtree borer, synanthedon pictipes (grote and robinson) (lepidoptera: sesiidae), is a serious pest of peach, prunus persica (l.) batsch, across the southeastern united states. we examined oviposition by s. pictipes on field-grown prunus scion and rootstock cultivars and two endemic prunus spp. when sawn limbs, not roots, were assayed in the laboratory. a choice test compared oviposition on the peach scion 'harvester', peach rootstock 'guardian', plum × peach hybrid rootstock 'mp-2 ...201122217762
review of fluorescent standards for calibration of in situ fluorometers: recommendations applied in coastal and ocean observing programs.fluorometers are widely used in ecosystem observing to monitor fluorescence signals from organic compounds, as well as to infer geophysical parameters such as chlorophyll or cdom concentration, but measurements are susceptible to variation caused by biofouling, instrument design, sensor drift, operating environment, and calibration rigor. to collect high quality data, such sensors need frequent checking and regular calibration. in this study, a wide variety of both liquid and solid fluorescent m ...201122274260
glycemic index determination of vegetable and fruits in healthy bangladeshi subjects.fruits and vegetables are an important part of the diet especially for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre and micronutrients. the present study investigated the glycemic index (gi) of a vegetable [carrot (daucas carota)] and fruits [banana (chapa kola) musa sp. and plum (bau kul) zizyphus mauritiana] of bangladeshi origin.201122655461
analytical and sensory characterization of the aroma of "langhe d.o.c. nebbiolo" wines: influence of the prefermentative cold maceration with dry ice.the present work concerns the determination of the volatile compounds, as well as the description of the olfactory characteristics, of "langhe doc nebbiolo" wines produced through the prefermentative cold maceration with dry ice, on full scale (30 quintals) in private cellars. the free volatile compounds and those obtained by enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of the glycosilated precursors were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. among free volatile compounds, a loss of alcohols wi ...201122417331
[comparison of therapeutic effects between plum-blossom needle tapping plus cupping and laser irradiation in the treatment of acute facial palsy patients with concomitant peri-auricular pain].to compare the therapeutic effects of plum-blossom needle therapy with cupping and laser irradiation in the treatment of acute facial paralysis with ipsilateral peri-auricular pain.201122379790
effects of temperature on the life history parameters and population growth rates of hyalopterus pruni (hemiptera: aphididae).the mealy plum aphid, hyalopterus pruni (geoffroy) (hemiptera: aphididae) is a pest of prune trees in california. the impact of aphids as pests is well characterized by their population growth rate, a parameter integrating their age-specific development, survivorship, and fecundity. these population parameters were measured at five constants temperatures on potted prune trees. development rates increased with temperature up to an optimum. the relationship between development rate and temperature ...201122299346
the fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene-an overview.the process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. but, many fruits such as guava, melon, japanese plum, asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. investigations on in planta levels of co2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such a ...201123572821
virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar: effects of strain, temperature, and soil type.the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of stone and pome fruit (e.g., apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.). entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp.) may be used to control the larval stage of c. nenuphar following fruit drop. indeed, certain entomopathogenic nematodes species have previously been shown to be highly effective in killing c. nenuphar larvae in laboratory and field trials. in field trials conducted in the southeastern, usa, steine ...201123430967
hospira recalls plum a+ and plum xl infusion pumps due to failure of audible alarm. 201123444574
bacterial canker of plum trees, caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovars, as a serious threat for plum production in the netherlands.in the netherlands, bacterial canker in plum trees (prunus domestica) is a serious and recent problem in plum production. it is caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovars syringae and morsprunorum. the trunks of the affected plum trees are girdled by bacterial cankers resulting in sudden death of infected trees in 3-4 years after planting. disease incidences can be very high, and sometimes complete orchards have to be removed. recently, plum cultivation in the netherlands has changed from a relati ...201122702175
change in sagittal balance with placement of an interspinous spacer.study design.: a prospective case series. objective.: to determine the effect of x-stop implantation on sagittal spinal balance using 36-inch films. summary of background data.: interspinous process spacers have been shown as an effective treatment of neurogenic claudication. the devices block the last few degrees of extension at the stenotic level, thus preventing compression of the nerve roots. these devices have been criticized because they may push the patient's spine into a kyphotic positio ...201121358476
influence of copigment derived from tasmannia pepper leaf on davidson's plum anthocyanins.davidson's plum (davidsonia pruriens, f. muell.), a native to australian rainforests, large, crimson-red fruit, which superficially resembles plum, has been commercially cultivated in australia since 1990s. the current production volume exceeds market demands therefore this study was designed to evaluate the suitability of davidson's plum extract as a source of anthocyanin-based food colorant. the stability of the davidson's plum extract towards heat treatment at 95 °c was higher than that of co ...201121535813
formation of acrylamide at temperatures lower than 100°c: the case of prunes and a model study.acrylamide concentrations in prune products - baby strained prunes (range = 75-265 µg kg(-1)), baby apple/prune juice (33-61 µg kg(-1)), prune juice (186-916 µg kg(-1)) and prunes (58-332 µg kg(-1)) - on the canadian market were determined. the formation of acrylamide in a simulated plum juice was also investigated under 'drying conditions' in an open vessel at temperatures <100°c for 24 h and under 'wet conditions' in a closed vessel at a temperature of 120°c for 1 h. acrylamide was produced in ...201121623495
comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women.aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (prunus domestica l.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. the objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. we recruited 236 women, 1-10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any o ...201121736808
narrowing down the apricot plum pox virus resistance locus and comparative analysis with the peach genome syntenic region.sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (ppv), is one of the main limiting factors for stone fruit crops worldwide. only a few resistance sources have been found in apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), and most studies have located a major ppv resistance locus (ppvres) on linkage group 1 (lg1). however, the mapping accuracy was not sufficiently reliable and ppvres was predicted within a low confidence interval. in this study, we have constructed two high-density simple sequence repeat (ssr) impro ...201121722293
effects of dietary fruits, vegetables and a herbal tea on the in vitro transport of cimetidine: comparing the caco-2 model with porcine jejunum tissue.context: dietary botanicals are often consumed together with allopathic medicines, which may give rise to pharmacokinetic interactions. in vitro intestinal models are useful to identify botanical-drug interactions, but they may exhibit different expressions of transporters or enzymes. objective: to compare the effects of selected dietary botanical extracts on cimetidine transport across two in vitro intestinal models. materials and methods: bi-directional transport of cimetidine was measured ...201122085278
Single photon emission computed tomography scanning: A predictor of outcome in vegetative state of head injury.Neurotrauma is one of the most important causes of death and disability. Some of the severely head injured patients, failed to show significant improvement despite aggressive neurosurgical management and ended up in a vegetative state.201121716866
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