Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
evaluation of leafy vegetables as bioindicators of gaseous mercury pollution in sewage-irrigated areas.mercury (hg) can evaporate and enter the plants through the stomata of plant leaves, which will cause a serious threat to local food safety and human health. for the risk assessment, this study aimed to investigate the concentration and accumulation of total gaseous mercury (tgm) in five typical leafy vegetables (chinese chives (allium tuberosum rottler), amaranth (amaranthus mangostanus l.), rape (brassica campestris l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.)) grown on ...201829043585
pre-incubation in soil improves the nitrogen fertiliser value of hair waste.global generation of human hair waste and its disposal at landfills could contribute to the leaching of nitrates into ground water. high concentrations of nitrogen (n) and other elements suggest that the waste could be a source of plant nutrients and differences in ethnic hair types could affect nutrient release and fertiliser value. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of hair type, as an n source, and pre-incubation time on dry-matter yield, nutrient uptake by spinach (spin ...201829372330
gender-specific expression of gibberellic acid insensitive is critical for unisexual organ initiation in dioecious spinacia oleracea.while unisexual flowers have evolved repeatedly throughout angiosperm families, the actual identification of sex-determining genes has been elusive, and their regulation within populations remains largely undefined. here, we tested the mechanism of the feminization pathway in cultivated spinach (spinacia oleracea), and investigated how this pathway may regulate alternative sexual development. we tested the effect of gibberellic acid (ga) on sex determination through exogenous applications of ga ...201829226967
molecular insights into the non-recombining nature of the spinach male-determining region.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is a dioecious plant with male heterogametic sex determination and homomorphic sex chromosomes (xy). the dioecism is utilized for producing commercial hybrid seeds, and hence understanding the molecular-genetic basis of the species' sex determining locus is an important issue for spinach breeding. in this study, seven dominant dna markers were shown to completely co-segregate with the male-determining gene in segregating spinach populations comprising > 1500 plants ...201729222702
overexpression of socyp85a1, a spinach cytochrome p450 gene in transgenic tobacco enhances root development and drought stress tolerance.brassinosteroids (brs) play an essential role in plant growth, development, and responses to diverse abiotic stresses. however, previous studies mainly analyzed how exogenous brs influenced plant physiological reactions to drought stress, therefore, genetic evidences for the endogenous brs-mediated regulation of plant responses still remain elusive. in this study, a key brs biosynthetic gene, socyp85a1 was cloned from spinacia oleracea, which has a complete open reading frame of 1,392 bp encodin ...201729209339
genetic diversity and association mapping of mineral element concentrations in spinach leaves.spinach is a useful source of dietary vitamins and mineral elements. breeding new spinach cultivars with high nutritional value is one of the main goals in spinach breeding programs worldwide, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers for mineral element concentrations is necessary to support spinach molecular breeding. the purpose of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study (gwas) and to identify snp markers associated with mineral elements in the usda- ...201729202697
tailoring natural abenquines to inhibit the photosynthetic electron transport through interaction with the d1 protein in photosystem ii.abenquines are natural n-acetylaminobenzoquinones bearing amino acid residues, which act as weak inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. aiming to exploit the abenquine scaffold as a model for the synthesis of new herbicides targeting photosynthesis, 14 new analogues were prepared by replacing the amino acid residue with benzylamines and the acetyl with different acyl groups. the synthesis was accomplished in three steps with a 68-95% overall yield from readily available 2,5-d ...201729191002
genetic diversity and population structure analysis of spinach by single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genotyping-by-sequencing.spinach (spinacia oleracea l., 2n = 2x = 12) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide and one of the healthiest vegetables due to its high concentrations of nutrients and minerals. the objective of this research was to conduct genetic diversity and population structure analysis of a collection of world-wide spinach genotypes using single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) markers. genotyping by sequencing (gbs) was used to discover snps in spinach genotypes. three sets of spinach genot ...201729190770
high-resolution and non-destructive evaluation of the spatial distribution of nitrate and its dynamics in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging.nitrate is an important component of the nitrogen cycle and is therefore present in all plants. however, excessive nitrogen fertilization results in a high nitrate content in vegetables, which is unhealthy for humans. understanding the spatial distribution of nitrate in leaves is beneficial for improving nitrogen assimilation efficiency and reducing its content in vegetables. in this study, near-infrared (nir) hyperspectral imaging was used for the non-destructive and effective evaluation of nit ...201729170678
in-situ examination of graphene and graphene oxide impact on the depuration of phenanthrene and fluoranthene adsorbed onto spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaf surfaces.to further assess the human being's exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) through the dietary pathway, understanding the partitioning of these chemicals co-existed with nanomaterials in edible vegetable systems deserves specific consideration. in this study, the fiber-optic fluorimetry was applied to in situ examine the effects of graphene (gns) and graphene oxide (go) nanosheets on the quantification and depuration of three-ringed phenanthrene (phe) and four-ringed fluoranthene (f ...201729137885
exogenous salicylic acid improves freezing tolerance of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves.salicylic acid (sa)-treatment has been reported to improve plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. however, its effect on freezing tolerance has not been well investigated. we investigated the effect of exogenous sa on freezing tolerance of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves. we also explored if nitric oxide (no) and/or hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-mediation was involved in this response, since these are known as primary signaling molecules involved in many physiological processes. a micro-c ...201729061524
halogenated 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides affecting photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem ii.series of seventeen new multihalogenated 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was prepared and characterized. all the compounds were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. 1-hydroxy-n-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamides substituted in the anilide part by 3,5-dichloro-, 4-bromo-3-chloro-, 2,5-dibromo- and 3,4,5-trichloro atoms were the most potent pet inhibitors (ic50 = 5.2, 6.7, 7.6 and 8.0 µm, ...201729023407
characterization of a begomovirus-betasatellite complex, producing defective molecules in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), a new host for begomovirus and betasatellite complex in pakistan.spinach is a vegetable crop which is widely grown over a large area especially in punjab province of pakistan. leaf curling and enations on spinach plant collected shown to be associated with the begomovirus pedilanthus leaf curl virus (pelcv) and shahdadpur strain of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumbsha). defective molecules of half and quarter size derived from monopartite begomoviruses are usually generated by the deletion of virion-sense sequences. characterization of defective m ...201729018315
light quality affects chloroplast electron transport rates estimated from chl fluorescence measurements.chl fluorescence has been used widely to calculate photosynthetic electron transport rates. portable photosynthesis instruments allow for combined measurements of gas exchange and chl fluorescence. we analyzed the influence of spectral quality of actinic light on chl fluorescence and the calculated electron transport rate, and compared this with photosynthetic rates measured by gas exchange in the absence of photorespiration. in blue actinic light, the electron transport rate calculated from chl ...201729016964
improvement of yield and quality of two spinacia oleracea l. varieties by using different fertilizing approaches.the effects of different fertilizers [the control with no fertilizer (c), inorganic fertilization (i), combined inorganic and organic fertilizer (iohumax1) and (iohumax2)] on yield and nutrients contents of two spinach varieties ("balady and virofly") were investigated. significant effects of variety were observed on vegetative growth and nutrients contents. while virofly had significantly higher leaf area (236.96 cm2), stem diameter (7.43 mm) and fresh weight of vegetative and radical parts (15 ...201728878507
comparison of coagulation, ozone and ferrate treatment processes for color, cod and toxicity removal from complex textile wastewater.in this study, the comparative performance of coagulation, ozone, coagulation + ozone + coagulation and potassium ferrate processes to remove chemical oxygen demand (cod), color, and toxicity from a highly polluted textile wastewater were evaluated. experimental results showed that ferrate alone had no effect on cod, color and toxicity removal. whereas, in combination with feso4, it has shown the highest removal efficiency of 96.5%, 83% and 75% for respective parameters at the optimal dose of 40 ...201728876242
amelioration of abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome by spinacia oleracea (spinach) consumption and aerobic exercise in rats.the present study evaluates the protective effects of an antioxidant-rich extract of spinacea oleracea (naoe) in abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome (mets) in rats. hptlc of naoe revealed the presence of 13 total antioxidants, 14 flavonoids, and 10 phenolic acids. rats administered with fructose (20% w/v) in drinking water for 45 days to induce abnormalities of mets received naoe (200 and 400 mg/kg, po), the standard drug gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, po), aerobic exercise (ae), and a ...201728798859
real-time monitoring of superoxide anion radical generation in response to wounding: electrochemical study.the growth and development of plants is deleteriously affected by various biotic and abiotic stress factors. wounding in plants is caused by exposure to environmental stress, mechanical stress, and via herbivory. typically, oxidative burst in response to wounding is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide anion radical (o2•-), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and singlet oxygen; however, few experimental studies have provided direct evidence of their detection in ...201728761775
colloidal-bound polyphosphates and organic phosphates are bioavailable: a nutrient solution study.colloidal forms of fe(iii) minerals can be stabilized in solution by coatings of organic or poly-phosphate (p), which reduce the zeta-potential. this opens up a route toward the development of nanoforms of p fertilizers. however, it is unclear if such p forms are bioavailable. to address this question, spinach (spinacia oleracea) was grown in nutrient solutions, at equal total p, using three different forms of p (orthophosphate = pi; hexametaphosphate = hmp; myo-inositol hexaphosphate = ihp), fr ...201728731339
photosynthesis-inhibiting activity of 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]- and 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl alkylcarbamates.eight 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl alkylcarbamates and eight 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl alkylcarbamates were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. the pet-inhibiting activity of the compounds was relatively low; the corresponding ic50 values ranged from 0.05 to 0.664 mmol/l; and the highest activity within the series of compounds was observed for 1-[(2-chlorop ...201728714937
β-carotene at physiologically attainable concentration induces apoptosis and down-regulates cell survival and antioxidant markers in human breast cancer (mcf-7) cells.although β-carotene is known for its anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant properties, a few recent epidemiological and experimental evidence show that at higher concentration it acts as pro-oxidant and induces cancer. since the global burden of breast cancer exceeds all other types of cancer, and its incidence rates is also in increasing trend, the present study attempted to evaluate the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of β-carotene (at 1 µm concentration) isolated from spinacia oleracea in human b ...201728550445
arsenic accumulation and physiological attributes of spinach in the presence of amendments: an implication to reduce health risk.the current study examined the effect of calcium (ca) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) on arsenic (as) uptake and toxicity to spinach (spinacia oleracea) as well as assessed the potential human health risks. spinach seedlings were exposed to three levels of as (25, 125, and 250 μm) alone or together with three levels of edta (25, 125, and 250 μm) and ca (1, 5, and 10 mm). the effect of edta and ca was assessed in terms of as contents in roots and shoots, hydrogen peroxide production, c ...201728537029
light-induced formation of dimeric lhcii.it emerges from numerous experiments that lhcii, the major photosynthetic antenna complex of plants, can appear not only in the trimeric or monomeric states but also as a dimer. we address the problem whether the dimeric form of the complex is just a simple intermediate element of the trimer-monomer transformation or if it can also be a physiologically relevant molecular organization form? dimers of lhcii were analyzed with application of native electrophoresis, time-resolved fluorescence spectr ...201728425025
a novel composite hydrogel initiated by spinacia oleracea l. extract on hela cells for localized photodynamic therapy.in this study, the poly (ethylene glycol) double acrylates (pegda) was first initiated by spinacia oleracea l. extract (sole) to in situ form a polymer hydrogel shell on hela cells with near infra-red irradiation. the sole was also a natural photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of tumor. the use of sole is simple, eco-friendly, low cost, and convenient. more importantly, the pegda/sole composite hydrogel shell on hela cells not merely prevents sole from diffusing to normal tissue for reducin ...201728415436
virgin olive oil enriched with lutein-zeaxanthin from spinacia oleracea.the aim of this work consists of developing a technological process for elaborating a virgin olive oil enriched in lutein-zeaxanthin extracted from spinach, studying different parameters like temperature, time of extraction and different ratios (spinach-oil). it was observed that the amount of carotenoids extracted increased up to a maximum after 24 hours and decreased as the maceration time progressed up to 60 hours, resulting of biological degradation. it was also observed that as more spinach ...201728413190
newly developed ssr markers reveal genetic diversity and geographical clustering in spinach (spinacia oleracea).spinach is a popular leafy green vegetable due to its nutritional composition. it contains high concentrations of vitamins a, e, c, and k, and folic acid. development of genetic markers for spinach is important for diversity and breeding studies. in this work, next generation sequencing (ngs) technology was used to develop genomic simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. after cleaning and contig assembly, the sequence encompassed 2.5% of the 980 mb spinach genome. the contigs were mined for ssrs. ...201728386640
construction of a high-density genetic map and the x/y sex-determining gene mapping in spinach based on large-scale markers developed by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq).cultivated spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is one of the most widely cultivated types of leafy vegetable in the world, and it has a high nutritional value. spinach is also an ideal plant for investigating the mechanism of sex determination because it is a dioecious species with separate male and female plants. some reports on the sex labeling and localization of spinach in the study of molecular markers have surfaced. however, there have only been two reports completed on the genetic map of spina ...201728376721
anticancer activity of biologically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles on mouse myoblast cancer cells and their toxicity against embryonic zebrafish.the aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of bioinspired silver nanoparticles (agnps) and gold nanoparticles (aunps) against mouse myoblast cancer cells (c2c12). both agnps and aunps were biologically synthesized using spinacia oleracea linn., aqueous leaves extract. uv-vis. spectrophotometer, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (hr-tem), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) studies supported the successful synthesis of ...201728183660
effects of waste water irrigation on soil properties and soil fauna of spinach fields in a west african urban vegetable production system.the usage of inadequately processed industrial waste water (ww) can lead to strong soil alkalinity and soil salinization of agricultural fields with negative consequences on soil properties and biota. gypsum as a soil amendment to saline-sodic soils is widely used in agricultural fields to improve their soil physical, chemical and hence biological properties. this study aimed at analysing the effects of intensive ww irrigation on the structure and composition of soil-dwelling arthropods on spina ...201728104342
review of neuro-nutrition used as anti-alzheimer plant, spinach, spinacia oleracea.neuro-nutrition is the nutrition needed to achieve health brain and neurocognitive function. diets rich in antioxidants, vitamins, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds will help suppress the onset of alzheimer's disease. spinacia oleracea (family: amaranthaceae) commonly known as spinach or buai leng (in thai), one of the traditional medicinal plants with high in those mention nutrients. the micronutrients in spinach include a range of vitamins and minerals, which can prevent deficiency diseas ...201728082792
addition of calcium compounds to reduce soluble oxalate in a high oxalate food system.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is often used as a base vegetable to make green juices that are promoted as healthy dietary alternatives. spinach is known to contain significant amounts of oxalates, which are toxic and, if consumed regularly, can lead to the development of kidney stones. this research investigates adding 50-500mg increments of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate and calcium sulphate to 100g of raw homogenates of spinach to determine whether calcium would combine ...201727979238
seasonal induced changes in spinach rhizosphere microbial community structure with varying salinity and drought.salinity is a common problem under irrigated agriculture, especially in low rainfall and high evaporative demand areas of southwestern united states and other semi-arid regions around the world. however, studies on salinity effects on soil microbial communities are relatively few while the effects of irrigation-induced salinity on soil chemical and physical properties and plant growth are well documented. in this study, we examined the effects of salinity, temperature, and temporal variability o ...201727916300
nutraceutical inherent of spinacia oleracea linn. methanolic leaf extract ameliorates isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in male albino wistar rats via mitigating inflammation.cardiovascular diseases (cvds) remain the principal cause of death in both developed and developing countries. the present study was intended to appraise the nutraceutical inherent of hplc standardized spinacia oleracea methanolic leaf extract (sole) in isoproterenol (iso) induced male albino wistar rats via activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway that drives myocardial necrosis. biochemical analysis of iso injected rats showed significant alterations in the activities of homocysteine, ...201727914824
rapid sex identification method of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) in the vegetative stage using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.a lamp-mediated, simple and rapid method for sex identification in spinach was developed. nutrient compositional analysis showed a higher iron content in male than female plants. spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is a dioecious plant with its sex determined by the xy system. male and female floral organs differ morphologically, but plants do not differ in the vegetative stage before flowering. pcr with y chromosome markers has been used to determine the sex of dioecious plants before flowering. in ...201727838842
nitroaromatic detection and infrared communication from wild-type plants using plant nanobionics.plant nanobionics aims to embed non-native functions to plants by interfacing them with specifically designed nanoparticles. here, we demonstrate that living spinach plants (spinacia oleracea) can be engineered to serve as self-powered pre-concentrators and autosamplers of analytes in ambient groundwater and as infrared communication platforms that can send information to a smartphone. the plants employ a pair of near-infrared fluorescent nanosensors-single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) conju ...201727798623
effects of different sewage sludge applications on heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.).in this study, we present the response of spinach to different amendment rates of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg-1) in a greenhouse pot experiment, where plant growth, biomass and heavy metal uptake were measured. the results showed that sewage sludge application increased soil electric conductivity (ec), organic matter, chromium and zinc concentrations and decreased soil ph. all heavy metal concentrations of the sewage sludge were below the permissible limits for land application ...201727593943
changes in rubisco, cysteine-rich proteins and antioxidant system of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) due to sulphur deficiency, cadmium stress and their combination.sulphur (s) deficiency, cadmium (cd) toxicity and their combinations are of wide occurrence throughout agricultural lands. we assessed the impact of short-term (2 days) and long-term (4 days) applications of cadmium (40 μg/g soil) on spinach plants grown on sulphur-sufficient (300 μm so42-) and sulphur-deficient (30 μm so42-) soils. compared with the control (+s and -cd), oxidative stress was increased by s deficiency (-s and -cd), cadmium (+s and +cd) and their combination stress (-s and +cd) i ...201727503461
influence of cold stress on contents of soluble sugars, vitamin c and free amino acids including gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in spinach (spinacia oleracea).the contents of soluble sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and raffinose), vitamin c and free amino acids (34 compounds, essential and non-essential) were quantified in open-field and greenhouse-grown spinaches in response to cold stress using liquid chromatography. in general, greenhouse cultivation produced nutritionally high value spinach in a shorter growing period, where the soluble sugars, vitamin c and total amino acids concentrations, including essential were in larger amounts c ...201727542466
effect of harvest time on the levels of phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity, α-amylase inhibition, and bile acid binding capacity of spinach (spinacia oleracea).spinach is a green leafy vegetable, rich in health-promoting compounds. the present study analyzed the levels of phytochemicals and health-promoting properties of spinach harvested at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after planting.201729282747
uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants by crop plants grown in biosolids-amended soils.the bioaccumulation behavior of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) and halogenated flame retardants (hfrs) was examined in three horticultural crops and earthworms. two species, spinach (spinacia oleracea) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.), were grown in field soil amended with a single application of biosolids (at agronomic rate for nitrogen), to represent the scenario using commercial biosolids as fertilizer, and the third crop, corn (zea mays) was grown in spiked soil (~50mg pfos/kg soil, ~ ...201727792944
consumers' acceptance of medicinal herbs: an application of the technology acceptance model (tam).the shift in consumers' preferences from synthetic to 'natural' products has led to a resurgence of interest in medicinal plants, particularly in developing countries. however, research data about consumers' preferences for particular products is hard to find.201728625892
unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono- and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis.sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides (sqmg) and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides (sqdg) in the lipid extracts of parsley (petroselinum crispum) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves were investigated. the aim of this work was to assess and establish the chemical characterization of fatty acyl chains in sulfolipids (sqmg and sqdg) and their regiochemistry.201728657161
draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 spinacia accessions.spinach is an important leafy vegetable enriched with multiple necessary nutrients. here we report the draft genome sequence of spinach (spinacia oleracea, 2n=12), which contains 25,495 protein-coding genes. the spinach genome is highly repetitive with 74.4% of its content in the form of transposable elements. no recent whole genome duplication events are observed in spinach. genome syntenic analysis between spinach and sugar beet suggests substantial inter- and intra-chromosome rearrangements d ...201728537264
differences in internalization and growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 within the apoplast of edible plants, spinach and lettuce, compared with the model species nicotiana benthamiana.internalization of food-borne bacteria into edible parts of fresh produce plants represents a serious health risk. therefore, internalization of verocytotoxigenic e. coli o157:h7 isolate sakai was assessed in two species associated with outbreaks, spinach (spinacia oleracea) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) and compared to the model species nicotiana benthamiana. internalization occurred in the leaves and roots of spinach and lettuce throughout a 10 day time-course. the plant species, tissue type an ...201728169510
effects of medicinal plant extracts and photosensitization on aflatoxin producing aspergillus flavus (raper and fennell).this study was undertaken with an aim of exploring the effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts in the control of aflatoxin production. antifungal properties, photosensitization, and phytochemical composition of aqueous and organic extracts of fruits from solanum aculeastrum, bark from syzygium cordatum, and leaves from prunus africana, ocimum lamiifolium, lippia kituiensis, and spinacia oleracea were tested. spores from four-day-old cultures of previously identified toxigenic fungi, uonv017 an ...201728539938
influence of bio-fertilizer containing beneficial fungi and rhizospheric bacteria on health promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of spinacia oleracea l.this study evaluates the influences of bio fertilizers containing mycorrhizal fungi (glomus fasciculatum, glomus mosseae) individually or in combination with n-fixer (azotobacter chroococcum), k solubilizer (bacillus mucilaginous) and p solubilizer (bacillus megaterium) on soil fertility and phytochemical levels of spinach.201728815474
evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of ultrasonicated spinach leaf extracts using rapd markers and electron microscopy.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves represent an important dietary source of nutrients, antioxidants and antimicrobials. as such, spinach leaves play an important role in health and have been used in the treatment of human diseases since ancient times. here, the aims were to optimize the extraction methods for recovering antimicrobial substances of spinach leaves, determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the antimicrobial substances against escherichia coli and staphylococcus ...201728766036
genome sequences of spinach deltapartitivirus 1, spinach amalgavirus 1, and spinach latent virus identified in spinach transcriptome.complete genome sequences of three new plant rna viruses, spinach deltapartitivirus 1 (spdpv1), spinach amalgavirus 1 (spav1), and spinach latent virus (splv), were identified from a spinach (spinacia oleracea) transcriptome dataset. the rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) of spdpv1, spav1, and splv showed 72%, 53%, and 93% amino acid sequence identities with the homologous rdrp of the most closely related virus, respectively, suggesting that spdpv1 and spav1 were novel viruses. sequence simil ...201728511294
dried and free flowing granules of spinacia oleracea accelerate bone regeneration and alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis.the aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of extract derived from spinacia oleracea extract (soe) in reversing bone loss induced by ovariectomy and bone healing properties in a drill-hole fracture model in rats.201728118295
coumestrol inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by regulating akt, erk1/2, and jnk mapk cell signaling cascades.coumestrol is the one of the major phytoestrogens which is abundant in soybeans, legumes, brussel sprouts, and spinach. the beneficial effects of coumestrol are well known in various biological processes including; neuroprotective effects on the nervous system, function of the female reproductive system, anti-bacterial properties, and anti-cancer effects. although the anti-tumor activity of coumestrol has been demonstrated for ovarian, breast, lung, and cervical cancers, little is known of its e ...201727431052
a study on prevalence of microbial contamination on the surface of raw salad vegetables.the present work evaluates the microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables (rsv) consumed in dhanbad city, india. a total of 480 samples of 8 different raw salad vegetables from local market were examined for overall microbial quality in terms of aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic counts, yeast, mould and total coliform levels. e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella sp. were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) subsequent to isolation. results showed that al ...201728391475
enhanced antimicrobial activity based on a synergistic combination of sub-lethal levels of stresses induced by uv-a light and organic acids.reduction of microbial load in food and water systems is critical for their safety and shelf-life. conventionally, physical processes such as heat or light are used for rapid inactivation of microbes, while natural compounds such as lactic acid may be used as preservatives after the initial physical process. this study demonstrates enhanced and rapid inactivation of bacteria based on a synergistic combination of sub-lethal levels of stresses induced by uv-a light and two food grade organic acids ...201728363964
effect of fermented spinach as sources of pre-converted nitrite on color development of cured pork loin.the effect of fermented spinach extracts on color development in cured meats was investigated in this study. the ph values of raw cured meats without addition of fermented spinach extract or nitrite (negative control) were higher (p<0.05) than those added with fermented spinach extract. the ph values of raw and cooked cured meats in treatment groups were decreased with increasing addition levels of fermented spinach extract. the lightness and yellowness values of raw cured meats formulated with ...201728316477
prevalence and phylogenetic characterization of escherichia coli and hygiene indicator bacteria isolated from leafy green produce, beef, and pork obtained from farmers' markets in pennsylvania.the popularity of farmers' markets in the united states has led to over 8,400 farmers' markets being in operation in 2015. as farmers' markets have increased in size and complexity in the kinds of foods sold at these venues, so have the potential food safety risks. since 2008, seven major foodborne illness outbreaks and two recalls associated with food products from farmers' markets have occurred, causing 80 known reported illnesses and one death. various researchers also have observed vendors p ...201728221988
characterization and virulence potential of serogroup o113 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from beef and cattle in the united states.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) of serotype o113:h21 have caused severe diseases but are unusual in that they do not produce the intimin protein required for adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. strains of serogroup o113 are one of the most common stec found in ground beef and beef products in the united states, but their virulence potential is unknown. we used a microarray to characterize 65 o113 strains isolated in the united states from ground beef, beef trim, cattle feces, ...201728199145
live cell imaging of endogenous mrna using rna-based fluorescence "turn-on" probe.messenger rna (mrna) plays a critical role in cellular growth and development. however, there have been limited methods available to visualize endogenous mrna in living cells with ease. we have designed rna-based fluorescence "turn-on" probes that target mrna by fusing an unstable form of spinach with target-complementary sequences. these probes have been demonstrated to be selective, stable, and capable of targeting various mrnas for live e. coli imaging.201728103687
comparison of assurance gds(®) mpx id for top stec with reference culture methods for the detection of e. coli top 6 stec; direct confirmation of top 6 stec from isolation plates and determination of equivalence of pickpen(®) and fsis octomacs™ concentration protocols.assurance gds(®) mpx id for top shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec; mpx id) was validated according to the aoac international methods committee guidelines for validation of microbiological methods for foods and environmental surfaces as (1) a secondary screening method for specific detection of the top 6 stec serogroups (o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145) in raw beef trim, raw ground beef, raw spinach, and on stainless steel; and (2) as a confirmatory method for the identification o ...201726997139
cold plasma-activated hydrogen peroxide aerosol inactivates escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria innocua and maintains quality of grape tomato, spinach and cantaloupe.the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of aerosolized hydrogen peroxide in inactivating bacteria and maintaining quality of grape tomatoes, baby spinach leaves and cantaloupes. stem scars and smooth surfaces of tomatoes, spinach leaves, and cantaloupe rinds, inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria innocua, were treated for 45s followed by additional 30min dwell time with hydrogen peroxide (7.8%) aerosols activated by atmospheric cold plasm ...201728319798
in situ generation of chlorine dioxide for surface decontamination of produce.fresh fruits and vegetables are frequently contaminated with bacterial pathogens and implicated in foodborne illnesses. the objective of this study was to develop a unique surface decontamination method for produce using sodium chlorite and an acid in a sequential treatment. the surfaces of cantaloupe rinds, peels of cucumbers, stem scars of grape tomatoes, and leaves of baby spinach were inoculated with salmonella or listeria monocytogenes at 5 to 6 log cfu/g, submerged in 1.6 to 4% sodium chlo ...201728272919
fate of listeria monocytogenes , pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica , and escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp(+) in ready-to-eat salad during cold storage: what is the risk to consumers?in this study, we investigated the fate of listeria monocytogenes , pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica , and escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp(+) inoculated in low numbers into ready-to-eat baby spinach and mixed-ingredient salad (baby spinach with chicken meat). samples were stored at recommended maximum refrigerator temperature (8°c in sweden) or at an abuse temperature (15°c) for up to 7 days. mixed-ingredient salad supported considerable growth when stored at 15°c during shelf life (3 days), with ...201728221975
microbial quality, safety, and pathogen detection by using quantitative pcr of raw salad vegetables sold in dhanbad city, india.consumption of ready-to-eat fresh vegetables has increased worldwide, with a consequent increase in outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens. in the indian subcontinent, raw fresh vegetables are usually consumed without washing or other decontamination procedures, thereby leading to new food safety threats. in this study, the microbiological quality and pathogenic profile of raw salad vegetables was evaluated through standard protocols. in total, 480 samples (60 each of eight different salad vege ...201728221891
prediction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella , and listeria monocytogenes growth in leafy greens without temperature control.a recent study by the centers for disease control and prevention reported that between 1998 and 2008, leafy greens outbreaks accounted for 22.3% of foodborne outbreaks in the united states. several studies on the growth of bacteria at different temperatures have been conducted; however, there is a need for the prediction of bacterial growth when leafy greens are transported without temperature control. food products, when taken out of refrigeration, undergo a temperature change, with the rate of ...201728221878
combination of cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils increased antibacterial activity in leafy vegetables.cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils (eos) are rich in terpenes and sulfur compounds respectively, both with antibacterial activity and different cell targets, supporting the idea that their combination can increase their efficacy.201727611358
detection of human immunodeficiency virus rnas in living cells using spinach rna aptamers.many techniques currently used to measure hiv rna production in cells suffer from limitations that include high background signal or the potential to destroy cellular context. fluorophore-binding rna aptamers offer the potential for visualizing rnas directly in living cells with minimal cellular perturbation. we inserted a sequence encoding a fluorophore-binding rna aptamer, known as spinach, into the hiv genome such that predicted rna secondary structures in both spinach and hiv were preserved. ...201727914932
verrucarin a and roridin e produced on spinach by myrothecium verrucaria under different temperatures and co2 levels.the behavior of myrothecium verrucaria, artificially inoculated on spinach, was studied under seven different temperature conditions (from 5 to 35 °c) and under eight different combinations of temperature and co2 concentration (14-30 °c and 775-870 or 1550-1650 mg/m(3)). the isolate used for this study was growing well on spinach, and the mycotoxins verrucarin a and roridin e were produced under all tested temperature and co2 conditions. the maximum levels of verrucarin a (18.59 ng/g) and roridi ...201728281009
[a two-faced vitamin : folic acid - prevention or promotion of colon cancer?]in the late 1930s, it was discovered that liver and yeast extracts can be used to correct certain cases of megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy. the factor responsible for this was isolated from spinach leaves in the 1940s, and referred to as folate, a term derived from the latin word folium for leaf. folate is considered an essential nutrient for human beings. folic acid, the synthetic form of the vitamin, is used in dietary supplements, medicines and fortified foods. since the 1980s, it has been ...201728050621
recycling carbon dioxide during xylose fermentation by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae.global climate change caused by the emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (ghgs) is a grand challenge to humanity. to alleviate the trend, the consumption of fossil fuels needs to be largely reduced and alternative energy technologies capable of controlling ghg emissions are anticipated. in this study, we introduced a synthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (rppp) into a xylose-fermenting saccharomyces cerevisiae strain sr8 to achieve simultaneous lignocellulosic bioethanol production ...201727744692
development and survival of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on alternate crops in cotton cropping pattern, with implications to integrated pest management.spodoptera exigua (hübner) is a polyphagous pest that shifts its population to different hosts during its life cycle to receive nutritive advantages. therefore, demographic evaluation of alternate hosts is important for effective pest management. here, we have evaluated castor (ricinus communis l.), cauliflower (brassica oleracea l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.), and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) for growth, survival, and population development of s. exigua. ...201728383691
nutrient-rich versus nutrient-poor foods for depressed patients based on iranian traditional medicine resources.considering the positive effects of certain nutrients on depression, increasingly prevalent in the contemporary societies, we investigated the nutritional content of prescribed and prohibited foodstuffs for depressed patients in iranian traditional medicine resources.201726445711
constitutive expression of a plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) enhances capacity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in rice (oryza sativa).the plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) gene, cloned from sweet peppers predicted as an electron carrier in photosynthesis, shows high homology to the fd-i sequence of arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, oryza sativa and spinacia oleracea. most of pflp related studies focused on anti-pathogenic effects, while less understanding for the effects in photosynthesis with physiological aspects, such as photosynthesis rate, and levels of carbohydrate metabolites. this project focuses on the ...201728054169
acrolein-detoxifying isozymes of glutathione transferase in plants.acrolein is a lipid-derived highly reactive aldehyde, mediating oxidative signal and damage in plants. we found acrolein-scavenging glutathione transferase activity in plants and purified a low k m isozyme from spinach. various environmental stressors on plants cause the generation of acrolein, a highly toxic aldehyde produced from lipid peroxides, via the promotion of the formation of reactive oxygen species, which oxidize membrane lipids. in mammals, acrolein is scavenged by glutathione transf ...201727718072
the antioxidant and phenolic profiles of five green vegetables grown in southern nigeria.regular consumption of vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. the phenolic and free radical scavenging properties of five green vegetables grown in southern nigeria were determined.201728071016
it is rocket science - why dietary nitrate is hard to 'beet'! part ii: further mechanisms and therapeutic potential of the nitrate-nitrite-no pathway.dietary nitrate (found in green leafy vegetables such as rocket and in beetroot) is now recognized to be an important source of nitric oxide, via the nitrate-nitrite-no pathway. dietary nitrate confers several cardiovascular beneficial effects on blood pressure, platelets, endothelial function, mitochondrial efficiency and exercise. having described key twists and turns in the elucidation of the pathway and the underlying mechanisms in part i, we explore the more recent developments which have s ...201726914827
an oxalate selective electrode based on modified pvc-membrane with tetra-butylammonium--clinoptilolite nanoparticles.a modified pvc-membrane electrode with tetra-butylammonium bromide - clinoptilolite nano-particles (tba-ncp) showed good nernstian slope (29.9±0.6 mv per decade of oxalate concentration) in concentration range of 3.1×10(-7)-8.3×10(-1) mol l(-1) with a detection limit of 1.5×10(-7) mol l(-1). the best performance was obtained with a membrane composition of 31.5% pvc, 62.5% dop and 6% tba-ncp in the temperature range of 20-35 °c and the ph range of 4-9. the fast response time and good reproducibil ...201626706514
molecular diversity of turncurtoviruses in iran.turnip curly top virus (tctv) is the only member of the newly established genus turncurtovirus (family geminiviridae). as part of an ongoing study to identify additional plant hosts and the diversity of turncurtoviruses, between 2012 and 2014, we sampled symptomatic turnip plants and other crops in the provinces fars and khorasan razavi (southern and northeastern iran, respectively). infection by turncurtoviruses was tested by pcr and/or rolling-circle amplification (rca) coupled with restrictio ...201626611911
comparison of spinach sex chromosomes with sugar beet autosomes reveals extensive synteny and low recombination at the male-determining locus.spinach (spinacia oleracea, 2n = 12) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris, 2n = 18) are important crop members of the family chenopodiaceae ss sugar beet has a basic chromosome number of 9 and a cosexual breeding system, as do most members of the chenopodiaceae ss. family. by contrast, spinach has a basic chromosome number of 6 and, although certain cultivars and genotypes produce monoecious plants, is considered to be a dioecious species. the loci determining male and monoecious sexual expression were ...201627563071
spinachdb: a well-characterized genomic database for gene family classification and snp information of spinach.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), which originated in central and western asia, belongs to the family amaranthaceae. spinach is one of most important leafy vegetables with a high nutritional value as well as being a perfect research material for plant sex chromosome models. as the completion of genome assembly and gene prediction of spinach, we developed spinachdb (http://222.73.98.124/spinachdb) to store, annotate, mine and analyze genomics and genetics datasets efficiently. in this study, all of ...201627148975
genetic features of human and bovine escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated in argentina.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) are important food-borne pathogens associated with human diseases. in argentina, o157:h7 is the dominant serotype in hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) cases. previously, we have described the almost exclusive circulation of human e. coli o157 strains belonging to the hypervirulent clade 8 in neuquén province. the aim of the present study was to investigate, by a broad molecular characterization, if this particular distribution of e. coli o157 clades in ...201626935026
the effects of applying sewage sludge into jiangxi red soil on the growth of vegetables and the migration and enrichment of cu and zn.jiangxi red soil was used as the tested soil and water spinach (ipomoea aquatic) and chinese chive (allium tuberosum) were used as the tested vegetables in this study to investigate the effects of different amounts of sewage-sludge application on the growth of vegetables and the migration and enrichment patterns of cu and zn in vegetables using the potted method. the results indicated that the application of sewage sludge could improve the properties of red soil and promote vegetable growth. the ...201627579018
traditional chinese medicine, food therapy, and hypertension control: a narrative review of chinese literature.despite the lack of english literature about traditional chinese medicine (tcm) food therapy, there is abundant chinese literature about the application of food therapy for hypertension control. this paper summarizes basic concepts of tcm, the principles of food therapy and its application for hypertension control according to chinese literature. in tcm, food is conceptualized according to both nutritional and functional aspects, and can be used to treat illnesses. four principles of tcm food th ...201627852126
in vivo tracing of organochloride and organophosphorus pesticides in different organs of hydroponically grown malabar spinach (basella alba l.).an in vivo uptake and elimination tracing study based on solid phase microextraction (spme) was conducted to investigate the accumulation, persistence and distribution of organochloride pesticides (ocps) and organophosphorus pesticides (opps) in malabar spinach (basella alba l.) plants. uptake and elimination of the pesticides were traced in leaves, stems and roots of living malabar spinach plants. root concentration factor (rcf), distribution concentration factor (dcf) and transpiration stream ...201627209519
moderate water stress prevents the postharvest decline of ascorbic acid in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) but not in spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.).babyleaf salads such as spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and spinach beet (beta vulgaris l. subsp. cicla var. cicla) are an important dietary source of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin c). such compounds may be important in disease prevention in consumers but the level of these compounds in leaves frequently declines after harvest. as such, methods to maintain antioxidant levels in fresh produce are being sought.201626381599
increased permeability of the aquaporin sopip2;1 by mercury and mutations in loop a.aquaporins (aqps) also referred to as major intrinsic proteins, regulate permeability of biological membranes for water and other uncharged small polar molecules. plants encode more aqps than other organisms and just one of the four aqp subfamilies in arabidopsis thaliana, the water specific plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips), has 13 isoforms, the same number as the total aqps encoded by the entire human genome. the pips are more conserved than other plant aqps and here we demonstrate tha ...201627625657
a snare-like superfamily protein sbslsp from the halophyte salicornia brachiata confers salt and drought tolerance by maintaining membrane stability, k(+)/na(+) ratio, and antioxidant machinery.about 1000 salt-responsive ests were identified from an extreme halophyte salicornia brachiata. among these, a novel salt-inducible gene sbslsp (salicornia brachiata snare-like superfamily protein), showed up-regulation upon salinity and dehydration stress. the presence of cis-regulatory motifs related to abiotic stress in the putative promoter region supports our finding that sbslsp gene is inducible by abiotic stress. the sbslsp protein showed a high sequence identity to hypothetical/uncharact ...201627313584
systemic stereoselectivity study of flufiprole: stereoselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and environmental fate.in this study, the stereoselectivity of flufiprole enantiomers in regards to their bioactivity, acute toxicity and environmental fate is reported for the first time. four types of representative insects (plutella xylostella, nilaparvata lugens, mythimna separata and acyrthosiphon pisum) were used to investigate enantioselective bioactivity. acute toxicities of flufiprole enantiomers toward two non-target organisms were also evaluated. moreover, stereoselective degradation in four vegetables unde ...201627585281
automated multi-plug filtration cleanup for liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric pesticide multi-residue analysis in representative crop commodities.an automated multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-pfc) method on modified quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extracts was developed. the automatic device was aimed to reduce labor-consuming manual operation workload in the cleanup steps. it could control the volume and the speed of pulling and pushing cycles accurately. in this work, m-pfc was based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) mixed with other sorbents and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (mgso4) in a packed tip for ...201627507726
municipal composts reduce the transfer of cd from soil to vegetables.cadmium (cd) is a non-essential trace element that accumulates in agricultural soils through the application of cd-rich phosphate fertiliser. vegetables can accumulate cd to concentrations that sometimes exceed food safety standards. we investigated the potential of low-cost soil amendments to reduce cd uptake by spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and onion (allium cepa l.). batch sorption experiments revealed the relative sorption of cd by biosolids, charcoal, lignite, ...201626874314
heavy metals phyto-assessment in commonly grown vegetables: water spinach (i. aquatica) and okra (a. esculentus).the growth response, metal tolerance and phytoaccumulation properties of water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) and okra (abelmoschus esculentus) were assessed under different contaminated spiked metals: control, 50 mg pb/kg soil, 50 mg zn/kg soil and 50 mg cu/kg soil. the availability of pb, zn and cu metals in both soil and plants were detected using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the concentration and accumulation of heavy metals from soil to roots and shoots (edible parts) were evaluated in ...201627119073
characterization of soil suppressiveness to root-knot nematodes in organic horticulture in plastic greenhouse.the fluctuation of meloidogyne population density and the percentage of fungal egg parasitism were determined from july 2011 to july 2013 in two commercial organic vegetable production sites (m10.23 and m10.55) in plastic greenhouses, located in northeastern spain, in order to know the level of soil suppressiveness. fungal parasites were identified by molecular methods. in parallel, pot tests characterized the level of soil suppressiveness and the fungal species growing from the eggs. in additio ...201626925080
natural occurrence of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus in iranian cucurbit crops.the main areas for field-grown vegetable production in iran were surveyed during the years of 2012-2014 to determine the occurrence of begomoviruses infecting these crops. a total of 787 leaf samples were collected from vegetables and some other host plants showing virus-like symptoms and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using polyclonal antibodies produced against tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). according to the elisa results, 81 samples (10.3%) positively reacted w ...201627298595
assessing the growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in spinach, lettuce, parsley and chard extracts at different storage temperatures.the objective of this work was to study the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in leafy vegetable extracts at different temperature conditions.201626950043
light-up and fret aptamer reporters; evaluating their applications for imaging transcription in eukaryotic cells.the regulation of rna transcription is central to cellular function. changes in gene expression drive differentiation and cellular responses to events such as injury. rna trafficking can also have a large impact on protein expression and its localization. thus, the ability to image rna transcription and trafficking in real time and in living cells is a worthwhile goal that has been difficult to achieve. the availability of "light-up" aptamers that cause an increase in fluorescence of their ligan ...201626707205
evaluation of ultrasound based sterilization approaches in terms of shelf life and quality parameters of fruit and vegetable juices.the present work evaluates the performance of ultrasound based sterilization approaches for processing of different fruit and vegetable juices in terms of microbial growth and changes in the quality parameters during the storage. comparison with the conventional thermal processing has also been presented. a novel approach based on combination of ultrasound with ultraviolet irradiation and crude extract of essential oil from orange peels has been used for the first time. identification of the mic ...201626585014
toxicity of chlorophyllin against lymnaea acuminata at different wavelengths of visible light.fasciolosis is a water and food-borne disease caused by the liver fluke fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. this disease is widespread in different parts of the world. lymnaeidae and planorbidae snails are the intermediate hosts of these flukes. snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematodes. chlorophyll can be extracted from any green plant. chlorophyllin was prepared from spinach in 100% etha ...201627688849
an evaluation method for the suppression of pathogenic fusarium oxysporum by soil microorganisms using the dilution plate technique.soil-borne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms are one of the main factors responsible for the decline in crop yields in farmlands. pathogenic fusarium oxysporum causes serious damage to various crops, and, thus, a feasible diagnostic method for soil-borne diseases is required. we herein examined a simple method to evaluate the suppressiveness of soil microorganisms against a pathogen by co-cultivating indigenous soil microorganisms and a pathogenic fungus (f. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae ...201627558588
microbiological quality of fresh produce obtained from retail stores on the eastern shore of maryland, united states of america.the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of six types of fresh produce obtained from three retail stores located on the eastern shore of maryland, usa. a total of 414 samples representing basil, cilantro, lettuce, scallion, spinach, and parsley were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (apc), total coliforms, escherichia coli, and three pathogenic bacteria (e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella), using standard methods. presumptive pathogenic isolates ...201626919815
expression of spinach ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase using tandem t7 promoters and application of the purified protein for in vitro light-dependent thioredoxin-reduction system.thioredoxins (trxs) regulate the activity of target proteins in the chloroplast redox regulatory system. in vivo, a disulfide bond within trxs is reduced by photochemically generated electrons via ferredoxin (fd) and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (ftr: ec 1.8.7.2). ftr is an αβ-heterodimer, and the β-subunit has a 4fe-4s cluster that is indispensable for the electron transfer from fd to trxs. reconstitution of the light-dependent fd/trx system, including ftr, is required for the biochemical c ...201626773743
an integrated paper-based sample-to-answer biosensor for nucleic acid testing at the point of care.with advances in point-of-care testing (poct), lateral flow assays (lfas) have been explored for nucleic acid detection. however, biological samples generally contain complex compositions and low amounts of target nucleic acids, and currently require laborious off-chip nucleic acid extraction and amplification processes (e.g., tube-based extraction and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)) prior to detection. to the best of our knowledge, even though the integration of dna extraction and amplificatio ...201626759062
impacts of climate and management variables on the contamination of preharvest leafy greens with escherichia coli.the observed seasonality of foodborne disease suggests that climatic conditions play a role and that changes in the climate may affect the presence of pathogens. however, it is hard to determine whether this effect is direct or whether it works indirectly through other factors, such as farm management. this study aimed to identify the climate and management variables that are associated with the contamination (presence and concentration) of leafy green vegetables with e. coli. this study used da ...201626735025
mimicking respiratory phosphorylation using purified enzymes.the enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation is a striking example of the functional association of multiple enzyme complexes, working together to form atp from cellular reducing equivalents. these complexes, such as cytochrome c oxidase or the atp synthase, are typically investigated individually and therefore, their functional interplay is not well understood. here, we present methodology that allows the co-reconstitution of purified terminal oxidases and atp synthases in synthetic liposomes. the ...201626707617
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 3764