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fluttering of growing leaves as a way to reach flatness: experimental evidence on persea americana.simple leaves show unexpected growth motions: the midrib of the leaves swings periodically in association with buckling events of the leaf blade, giving the impression that the leaves are fluttering. the quantitative kinematic analysis of this motion provides information about the respective growth between the main vein and the lamina. our three-dimensional reconstruction of an avocado tree leaf shows that the conductor of the motion is the midrib, presenting continuous oscillations and inducing ...201829343634
screening of north-east mexico medicinal plants with activities against herpes simplex virus and human cancer cell line.the plants examined in this study have previous biological activity reports indicating the possibility of found activity against herpes and cancer cell. the aim of this contribution was to carry out a screening of juglans mollis (juglandaceae), persea americana (lauraceae), hamelia patens (rubiaceae), salvia texana (lamiaceae), salvia ballotaeflora (lamiaceae), ceanothus coeruleus (rhamnaceae), chrysactinia mexicana (asteraceae) y clematis drummondii (ranunculaceae), against hela cells, vhs-1 an ...201829334246
persea americana mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on uvb radiation-induced skin injury in mice.persea americana, popularly known as avocado, has been empirically used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory including in the skin disorder treatment. species of the genus persea also show a photoprotective effect against uvb radiation. we investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects from a topical formulation containing the p. americana leaf extract in a uvb irradiation-induced burn model in mice and performed a gel-formulation stability study. the antinociceptive and anti-infla ...201829327283
remote monitoring of dynamic canopy photosynthesis with high time resolution light-induced fluorescence transients.understanding the net photosynthesis of plant canopies requires quantifying photosynthesis in challenging environments, principally due to the variable light intensities and qualities generated by sunlight interactions with clouds and surrounding foliage. the dynamics of sunflecks and rates of change in light intensity at the beginning and end of sustained light (sl) events makes photosynthetic measurements difficult, especially when dealing with less accessible parts of plant foliage. high time ...201729301044
cold shock treatment extends shelf life of naturally ripened or ethylene-ripened avocado fruits.avocado is an important tropical fruit with high commercial value, but has a relatively short storage life. in this study, the effects of cold shock treatment (cst) on shelf life of naturally ripened and ethylene-ripened avocado fruits were investigated. fruits were immersed in ice water for 30 min, then subjected to natural or ethylene-induced ripening. fruit color; firmness; respiration rate; ethylene production; and the activities of polygalacturonase (pg), pectin methylesterase (pme), and en ...201729253879
removal of procion red dye from colored effluents using h2so4-/hno3-treated avocado shells (persea americana) as adsorbent.the treatment of colored effluents containing procion red dye (pr) was investigated using h2so4 and hno3 modified avocado shells (persea americana) as adsorbents. the adsorbent materials (as-h2so4 and as-hno3) were properly characterized. the adsorption study was carried out considering the effects of adsorbent dosage and ph. kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic aspects were also evaluated. finally, the adsorbents were tested to treat simulated dye house effluents. for both materials, the ads ...201729249030
transcript profiling indicates a widespread role for bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in malate-accumulating sink tissues.phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) is an important regulatory enzyme situated at a key branch point of central plant metabolism. plant genomes encode several plant-type pepc (ptpc) isozymes, along with a distantly related bacterial-type pepc (btpc). btpc is expressed at high levels in developing castor oil seeds where it tightly interacts with co-expressed ptpc polypeptides to form unusual hetero-octameric class-2 pepc complexes that are desensitized to allosteric inhibition by l-malate. ana ...201729240945
biochemical effects of aqueous extract of persea americana (mill) on the myocardium of left ventricle of high salt-fed adult wistar rats.the cardioprotective effects of persea americana extract was investigated on biochemical activities of high salt-fed adult wistar rats in this study.201729228805
anticlastogenic, radiation antagonistic, and anti-inflammatory activities of persea americana in albino wistar rat model.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and antigenotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of persea americana (p. americana) in albino wistar rats against whole body x-ray irradiation. rats were orally administered with (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of p. americana leaf extract for five days. on the fifth day after last administration, animals were exposed to whole body x-rays of 8 gy. based on kaplan meier's survival analysis, 100 mg/kg ...201729204177
epidemiology, pathology and identification of colletotrichum including a novel species associated with avocado (persea americana) anthracnose in israel.anthracnose disease caused by colletotrichum species is a major constraint for the shelf-life and marketability of avocado fruits. to date, only c. gloeosporioides sensu lato and c. aenigma have been reported as pathogens affecting avocado in israel. this study was conducted to identify and characterize colletotrichum species associated with avocado anthracnose and to determine their survival on different host-structures in israel. the pathogen survived and over-wintered mainly on fresh and dry ...201729158592
generation of composite persea americana (mill.) (avocado) plants: a proof-of-concept-study.avocado (persea americana (mill.)), an important commercial fruit, is severely affected by phytophthora root rot in areas where the pathogen is prevalent. however, advances in molecular research are hindered by the lack of a high-throughput transient transformation system in this non-model plant. in this study, a proof-of-concept is demonstrated by the successful application of agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated plant transformation to produce composite avocado plants. two ex vitro strategies wer ...201729053757
rearing xyleborus volvulus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on media containing sawdust from avocado or silkbay, with or without raffaelea lauricola (ophiostomatales: ophiostomataceae).like other ambrosia beetles, xyleborus volvulus fabricius (coleoptera: curculionidae) lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with fungi that serve as food source. until recently, x. volvulus was not considered a pest, and none of its symbionts were considered plant pathogens. however, recent reports of an association between x. volvulus and raffaelea lauricola t.c. harr., fraedrich & aghayeva (ophiostomatales: ophiostomataceae), the cause of the laurel wilt disease of avocado (persea amer ...201729029003
avocado fruit maturation and ripening: dynamics of aliphatic acetogenins and lipidomic profiles from mesocarp, idioblasts and seed.avocado fruit contains aliphatic acetogenins (oft-acetylated, odd-chain fatty alcohols) with promising bioactivities for both medical and food industries. however, we have scarce knowledge about their metabolism. the present work aimed to study changes in acetogenin profiles from mesocarp, lipid-containing idioblasts, and seeds from 'hass' cultivar during fruit development, germination, and three harvesting years. an untargeted lc-ms based lipidomic analysis was also conducted to profile the lip ...201728969589
effect of ph on hexavalent and total chromium removal from aqueous solutions by avocado shell using batch and continuous systems.solution ph appears to be the most important regulator of the biosorptive removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions. this work presents a kinetic study of the effects of solution ph on cr(vi) and total chromium removal from aqueous solution by hass avocado shell (has) in batch and continuous packed bed column systems. different cr(vi) and total chromium removal performances of has were obtained in ph-shift batch, ph-controlled batch, and continuous systems. these results emphasize the grea ...201728963647
salutary potential of ethanolic extract of avocado fruit on anomalous carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in hepatic and renal tissues of hyperglycaemic albino rats.to assess the beneficial potential of ethanolic extract of avocado fruit on abnormal carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in hepatic and renal tissues in streptozotocin (stz) induced hyperglycemic albino rats.201728914437
a model biorefinery for avocado (persea americana mill.) processing.this research investigated and evaluated a biorefinery for processing avocado hass variety into microencapsulated phenolic compounds extract, ethanol, oil and xylitol. avocado was first characterized for its potential valuable compounds; then, the techno-economic and environmental aspects of the biorefinery were developed and finally the total production costs and potential environmental impact of the proposed biorefinery were investigated. four scenarios of the biorefinery were evaluated with d ...201728651135
testing plant use of mobile vs immobile soil water sources using stable isotope experiments.we tested for isotope exchange between bound (immobile) and mobile soil water, and whether there is isotope fractionation during plant water uptake. these are critical assumptions to the formulation of the 'two water worlds' hypothesis based on isotope profiles of soil water. in two different soil types, soil-bound water in two sets of 19-l pots, each with a 2-yr-old avocado plant (persea americana), were identically labeled with tap water. after which, one set received isotopically enriched wat ...201728556977
attraction of the euwallacea sp. near fornicatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) to quercivorol and to infestations in avocado.the euwallacea sp. near fornicatus (euwallacea sp. 1 hereafter) feeds on many woody shrubs and trees and is a pest of avocado, persea americana mill., in several countries including israel and the united states. quercivorol baits are commercially available for euwallacea sp. 1 females (males do not fly), but their attractive strength compared to other pheromones and potential for mass trapping are unknown. we used sticky traps baited with quercivorol released at 0.126 mg/d (1×) and at 0.01×, 0.1 ...201728541523
maintaining postharvest quality of cold stored 'hass' avocados by altering the fatty acids content and composition with the use of natural volatile compounds - methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate.low temperatures are often used to reduce metabolic processes and extend the storage life of fruit; however, in the case of avocado, a temperature below 3 °c will often result in the development of physiological disorders associated with chilling injury. the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of methyl jasmonate (meja) and methyl salicylate (mesa) vapours to alleviate chilling injury in 'hass' avocado fruit kept at 2 °c for 21 days followed by 6-7 days of shelf-life at 20 °c, ...201728447342
cold disinfestation of "hass" avocado (persia americana) of three species of fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae)-ceratitis capitata, ceratitis rosa, and ceratitis cosyra.the avocado industry is important in south africa, but access to certain markets is impeded by the presence of phytosanitary pests. one of the ways of securing entry to these markets is to demonstrate that a mitigating treatment will result in there being a negligible chance of accidental importation. in cold treatment comparative studies at 0 °c and 2 °c of immature stages of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann), ceratitis rosa karsch, and ceratitis cosyra (walker) in "hass" avocado, the third instar ...201728444314
effects of avocado (persea americana) on metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review.metabolic syndrome (mets) is a clustering of risk factors including high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity that lead to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (cvds), which are among leading causes of death in the world. metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cvds by approximately five and three folds, respectively. therefore, it is of vital importance to manage such conditions with herbal options which have ...201728393409
genetic structure and selection of a core collection for long term conservation of avocado in mexico.mexico, as the center of origin of avocado (persea americama mill.), harbors a wide genetic diversity of this species, whose identification may provide the grounds to not only understand its unique population structure and domestication history, but also inform the efforts aimed at its conservation. although molecular characterization of cultivated avocado germplasm has been studied by several research groups, this had not been the case in mexico. in order to elucidate the genetic structure of a ...201728286510
evaluation of the antimycobacterial activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions of selected ethiopian medicinal plants.tuberculosis (tb) is a global health problem complicated by drug resistance and human immunodeficiency virus that has dramatically increased active tb. several medicinal plants are used traditionally to treat tb in ethiopia and investigating these plants is required as plants are an alternative source for development of new anti-tb drugs. the purpose of this study was to investigate antimycobacterial activity of crude extract of carissa edulis, otostegia integrifolia, persea americana, pterolobi ...201728274226
investigation into the role of endogenous abscisic acid during ripening of imported avocado cv. hass.the importance of ethylene in avocado ripening has been extensively studied. in contrast, little is known about the possible role of abscisic acid (aba). the present work studied the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) (0.3 μl l-1 ), e+® ethylene remover and the combination thereof on the quality of imported avocado cv. hass fruit stored for 7 days at 12 °c. ethylene production, respiration, firmness, colour, heptose (c7) sugars and aba concentrations in mesocarp tissue were measured througho ...201728106252
toxicogenetic study of persea americana fruit pulp oil and its effect on genomic instability.persea americana mill., commonly known as avocado, is a tree native to central america that is widely used as a food source and for the treatment of diseases. this plant has various biological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and total cholesterol-lowering activity. in view of its pharmacological potential, we conducted a toxicogenetic study of the fruit pulp oil of p. americana (pao) and investigated its influence on genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate (mms) and doxor ...201728088491
differential host plant-associated genetic variation between sympatric mite species of the genus oligonychus (acari: tetranychidae).adaptation to different host plants can lead to host-associated differentiation (had). the mites oligonychus perseae and oligonychus punicae have a broad range of host plants, but, to date, records of them coexisting sympatrically had only been reported on avocado. however, our field observations showed both species coexisting on host plants other than avocado. the lack of previous records of these mites on the host plants studied here suggests only recent divergence to new host plant species. p ...201728087579
control of anthracnose disease via increased activity of defence related enzymes in 'hass' avocado fruit treated with methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate.development of anthracnose disease caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. is one of the major issues within the avocado supply chain. exposure to methyl jasmonate (meja) and methyl salicylate (mesa) vapours at 10 and 100µmoll(-1) was investigated as an alternative solution to commercial fungicide - prochloraz® that is currently being used by the industry. the incidence of anthracnose disease was found to be significantly reduced in 'hass' avocado fruit treated with meja or mesa vapours, ...201728551220
α-copaene is an attractant, synergistic with quercivorol, for improved detection of euwallacea nr. fornicatus (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae).the tea shot-hole borer, euwallacea fornicatus eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to asia and a pest of commercial tea, camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze. recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to e. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in israel and the usa, both in california and florida. collectively termed e. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, whi ...201728609448
management of fruit species in urban home gardens of argentina atlantic forest as an influence for landscape domestication.home gardens are considered germplasm repositories and places for experimentation, thus they are key sites for the domestication of plants. domestication is considered a constant process that occurs along a continuum from wild to managed to domesticated populations. management may lead to the modification of populations and in other cases to their distribution, changing population structure in a landscape. our objective is focused on the management received in home gardens by perennial species o ...201729033964
traditional treatment of human and animal salmonelloses in southern benin: knowledge of farmers and traditherapists.this study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of salmonellosis.201728717307
pathogenicity of nectriaceous fungi on avocado in australia.black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. nectriaceous fungi (nectriaceae, hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. this research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from calonectria, cylindrocladiella, dactylonectria, gliocladiopsis and ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. glasshouse pathogenicity tests with avocado (persea american ...201728723243
medicinal plants and their isolated compounds showing anti-trichomonas vaginalis- activity.trichomonas vaginalis is a major of non-viral sexually-transmitted infection and an important cause of serious obstetrical and gynecological complications. treatment options for trichomoniasis are limited to nitroimidazole compounds. the increasing resistance and allergic reactions to nitroimidazole and recurrent trichomoniasis make it essential to identify and develop new drugs against trichomoniasis. medicinal plants are an important source for discovery of new medications. this review discuss ...201728178618
influence of some plant extracts on the transdermal absorption and penetration of marker penetrants.plant extracts are commonly used in a number of cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals. the effects on such extracts on the subsequent dermal absorption and penetration of other cosmetic ingredients needs to be evaluated.201727027912
natural compounds from mexican medicinal plants as potential drug leads for anti-tuberculosis drugs.in mexican traditional medicine 187 plant species are used in the treatment of respiratory conditions that may be associated with tuberculosis. in this contribution, we review the ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of 63 species whose extracts have been assayed for antimycobacterial activity in vitro. among these, the most potent is aristolochia brevipes (mic= 12.5 µg/ml), followed by aristolochia taliscana, citrus sinensis, chrysactinia mexicana, persea americana, and olea europaea (mic<64 ...201728198919
enzymatic browning in avocado (persea americana) revisited: history, advances, and future perspectives.considering nearly 80 years of research regarding one of the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the formation of pigments in higher animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, this review will focus on collecting and categorizing the existing information about polyphenol oxidase (ppo) in fruits, with particular emphasis on the information in relation to avocado, which is one of the hardiest species in terms of inactivation, has documented dual activity (ec 1.14.18.1/ec 1.10.3.1), and represents one of ...201727172067
recombinant expression, purification and antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide padef in pichia pastoris.the antimicrobial peptide padef was isolated from mexican avocado fruit and was reported to inhibit the growth of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus in 2013. in this study, an n-terminal 6 × his tagged recombinant padef (rpadef) with a molecular weight of 7.5 kda, for the first time, was expressed as a secreted peptide in pichia pastoris. the optimal culture condition for rpadef expression was determined to be incubation with 1.5% methanol for 72 h at 28 °c under ph 6.0. under this condi ...201727742254
presence and prevalence of raffaelea lauricola, cause of laurel wilt, in different species of ambrosia beetle in florida, usa.we summarize the information available on ambrosia beetle species that have been associated in florida with raffaelea lauricola t.c. harr., fraedrich & aghayeva, the primary symbiont of xyleborus glabratus eichhoff and cause of laurel wilt. in total, 14 species in ambrosiodmus, euwallacea, premnobius, xyleborus, xyleborinus, and xylosandrus were either reared from laurel wilt-affected host trees or trapped in laurel wilt-affected stands of the same, and assayed for r. lauricola in six collection ...201728073980
comparing avocado, swamp bay, and camphortree as hosts of raffaelea lauricola using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled strain of the pathogen.raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the ambrosia beetle xyleborus glabratus, causes laurel wilt in members of the lauraceae plant family. north american species in the family, such as avocado (persea americana) and swamp bay (p. palustris), are particularly susceptible to laurel wilt, whereas the asian camphortree (cinnamomum camphora) is relatively tolerant. to determine whether susceptibility is related to pathogen colonization, a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of r. lauricola ...201727602540
inhibitory activity of avocado seed fatty acid derivatives (acetogenins) against listeria monocytogenes.high standards regarding listeria monocytogenes control and consumer demands for food products without synthetic additives represent a challenge to food industry. we determined the antilisterial properties of an enriched acetogenin extract (eae) from avocado seed, compared it to two commercial antimicrobials (one enriched in avocado acetogenins), and tested purified molecules. acetogenin composition in pulp and seed of hass avocado was quantified. eae were obtained by two sequential centrifuge p ...201727871119
distribution, pest status and fungal associates of euwallacea nr. fornicatus in florida avocado groves.members of a complex of cryptic species, that correspond morphologically to the ambrosia beetle euwallacea fornicatus (eichhoff) (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), were recently found attacking avocado (persea americana mill.) in israel and california. in early 2016, an outbreak of another member of this species complex was detected infesting approximately 1500 avocado trees in an avocado orchard at homestead, florida. an area-wide survey was conducted in commercial avocado groves of miami ...201627754408
incidence and growth of salmonella enterica on the peel and pulp of avocado (persea americana) and custard apple (annona squamosa).the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and to estimate the growth kinetic parameters (maximum growth rate, μ; lag time, λ; and maximum population, κ) of salmonella on the peel and pulp of avocado (perseaamericana var. americana) and custard apple (annona squamosa l.) as affected by temperature (10-30°c). the incidence of salmonella was assessed on the peel and pulp of the fruits (n=200 of each fruit), separately, totalizing 800 analyses. only three samples of custard apple pulp were p ...201627393884
transcriptome responses of an ungrafted phytophthora root rot tolerant avocado (persea americana) rootstock to flooding and phytophthora cinnamomi.avocado (persea americana mill.) is a commercially important fruit crop worldwide. a major limitation to production is the oomycete phytophthora cinnamomi, which causes root rot leading to branch-dieback and tree death. the decline of orchards infected with p. cinnamomi occurs much faster when exposed to flooding, even if flooding is only transient. flooding is a multifactorial stress compromised of several individual stresses, making breeding and selection for tolerant varieties challenging. wi ...201627658453
identification, pathogenicity and abundance of paracremonium pembeum sp. nov. and graphium euwallaceae sp. nov.--two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (euwallacea sp.) in california.fusarium euwallaceae is a well-characterized fungal symbiont of the exotic ambrosia beetle euwallacea sp. (polyphagous shot hole borer [pshb]), together inciting fusarium dieback on many host plants in israel and california. recent discoveries of additional fungal symbionts within ambrosia beetle mycangia suggest these fungi occur as communities. colony-forming units of graphium euwallaceae sp. nov. and paracremonium pembeum sp. nov., two novel fungal associates of pshb from california, grew fro ...201626740544
expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes in avocados fumigated with thyme oil vapours and control of anthracnose.thyme oil (to) fumigation (96μll(-1)) to cv. hass and ryan avocados significantly reduced anthracnose incidence compared to prochloraz and the untreated control. also, enhanced activities of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase were noted in both cultivars. to fumigation induced the expression of both β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase genes in naturally infected fruit of both cultivars, during storage at 7 or 7.5°c for up to 21d and during subsequent simulated market shelf conditions at 20°c for 5d. however, ...201626471637
traditional medicine practices among community members with diabetes mellitus in northern tanzania: an ethnomedical survey.diabetes is a growing burden in sub-saharan africa where traditional medicines (tms) remain a primary form of healthcare in many settings. in tanzania, tms are frequently used to treat non-communicable diseases, yet little is known about tm practices for non-communicable diseases like diabetes.201627514380
cation-stress-responsive transcription factors slta and crza regulate morphogenetic processes and pathogenicity of colletotrichum gloeosporioides.growth of colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the presence of cation salts nacl and kcl inhibited fungal growth and anthracnose symptom of colonization. previous reports indicate that adaptation of aspergillus nidulans to salt- and osmotic-stress conditions revealed the role of zinc-finger transcription factors slta and crza in cation homeostasis. homologs of a. nidulans slta and crza were identified in c. gloeosporioides. the c. gloeosporioides crza homolog is a 682-amino acid protein, which cont ...201628030573
spatial dependence and sampling of phytoseiid populations on hass avocados in southern california.research on phytoseiid mites has been critical for developing an effective biocontrol strategy for suppressing oligonchus perseae tuttle, baker, and abatiello (acari: tetranychidae) in california avocado orchards. however, basic understanding of the spatial ecology of natural populations of phytoseiids in relation to o. perseae infestations and the validation of research-based strategies for assessing densities of these predators has been limited. to address these shortcomings, cross-sectional a ...201627106820
effect of an avocado oil-enhanced diet (persea americana) on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in wistar rats.a number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of vegetable oils with varying percentages of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin resistance. however, there is no report on the effect of avocado oil on this pathologic condition. the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of avocado oil on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in wistar rats. an experimental study was carried out on wistar rats that were randomly assigned into six groups. each group receiv ...201628911589
sampling method evaluation and empirical model fitting for count data to estimate densities of oligonychus perseae (acari: tetranychidae) on 'hass' avocado leaves in southern california.oligonychus perseae (acari: tetranychidae) is an important foliar spider mite pest of 'hass' avocados in several commercial production areas of the world. in california (usa), o. perseae densities in orchards can exceed more than 100 mites per leaf and this makes enumerative counting prohibitive for field sampling. in this study, partial enumerative mite counts along half a vein on an avocado leaf, an industry recommended practice known as the "half-vein method", was evaluated for accuracy using ...201626861068
aqueous extracts of avocado pear (persea americana mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro.avocado pear (persea americana mill.) leaves and seeds are used in traditional medicine for the treatment/management of alzheimer disease (ad); however, information on the mechanism of actions is limited. this study sought to investigate the effect of p. americana leaf and seed aqueous extracts on some enzymes linked with ad (acetylcholinesterase [ache] and butyrylcholinesterase [bche] activities) and their antioxidant potentials in vitro.201626812783
some physicochemical and rheological properties of starch isolated from avocado seeds.seeds from avocado (persea americana miller) fruit are a waste byproduct of fruit processing. starch from avocado seed is a potential alternative starch source. two different extraction solvents were used to isolate starch from avocado seeds, functional and rheological characteristics measured for these starches, and comparisons made to maize starch. avocado seed powder was suspended in a solution containing 2 mm tris, 7.5 mm nacl and 80 mm nahso3 (solvent a) or sodium bisulphite solution (1500 ...201626800900
intraguild predation between phytoseiid mite species might not be so common.it is widely acknowledged that intraguild predation (igp) occurs frequently between species of phytoseiid mites. however, in the presence of a shared resource many species of phytoseiid mites considerably reduce, or even cease, predation on each other. that being the case, igp would then be minimal, or non-existent, and its theoretical effects on communities negligible. the aim of this work was two-fold. on the one hand, we aimed at determining the occurrence of igp between two species of phytos ...201626715542
herbal medicine use and linked suspected adverse drug reactions in a prospective cohort of ugandan inpatients.clinical history-taking can be employed as a standardized approach to elucidate the use of herbal medicines and their linked suspected adverse drug reactions (adrs) among hospitalized patients. we sought to identify herbal medicines nominated by ugandan inpatients; compare nomination rates by ward and gender; confirm the herbs' known pharmacological properties from published literature; and identify adrs linked to pre-admission use of herbal medicines.201627229463
the scirtothrips perseae species-group (thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, persea americana.following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from costa rica, ecuador, and colombia from the young leaves of avocado, persea americana. scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the californian pest, s. perseae, and also to s. astrictus from costa rica that remains known from a single female. an illustrated key to these three species is provided.201627396014
medicinal plants used in the traditional management of diabetes and its sequelae in central america: a review.globally 387 million people currently have diabetes and it is projected that this condition will be the 7th leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. as of 2012, its total prevalence in central america (8.5%) was greater than the prevalence in most latin american countries and the population of this region widely use herbal medicine. the aim of this study is to review the medicinal plants used to treat diabetes and its sequelae in seven central american countries: belize, costa rica, el salvador ...201626924564
antifungal potential of plant species from brazilian caatinga against dermatophytes.trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, or trichophyton spp. are the main etiologic agents of dermatophytosis, whose treatment is limited by the high cost of antifungal treatments, their various side effects, and the emergence of resistance amongst these species. this study evaluated the in vitro antidermatophytic activity of 23 crude extracts from nine plant species of semiarid vegetation (caatinga) found in brazil. the extracts were tested at concentrations ranging from 1. ...201627007561
the transition from somatic to germline identity shows conserved and specialized features during angiosperm evolution.how and why specific plant cells adopt germline identity during ovule development has proved challenging to address, and the pathways that are active in the ovules of basal/early-divergent angiosperms possessing a multilayered nucellus are still unclear. here, we compare megasporogenesis between two early-divergent angiosperms (annona cherimola and persea americana) and the evolutionarily derived arabidopsis thaliana, studying the three-dimensional spatial position of the megaspore mother cell ( ...201627878998
phenotypic variations in the foliar chemical profile of persea americana mill. cv. hass.the hass avocado tree persea americana cv. hass was derived from a single hybrid tree of p. americana var. drymifolia and p. americana var. guatemalensis, and it is propagated clonally by grafting. this cultivar is the most widely planted in the world but its profile of secondary metabolites has been studied rarely despite of its importance in plant protection. we illustrate the variability of the volatilome of mature leaves by describing the average chemical composition and the phenotypic varia ...201627505234
the defensin from avocado (persea americana var. drymifolia) padef induces apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line mcf-7.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are cytotoxic to cancer cells; however, mainly the effects of amps from animals have been evaluated. in this work, we assessed the cytotoxicity of padef defensin from avocado (persea americana var. drymifolia) on the mcf-7 cancer cell line (a breast cancer cell line) and evaluated its mechanism of action. padef inhibited the viability of mcf-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with an ic50=141.62μg/ml. the viability of normal peripheral blood mononuclear ce ...201627470405
armored scales and their parasitoids on commercial avocados grown in california or imported from mexico.levels of armored scales (hemiptera: diaspididae) on mexican hass avocados imported into california over may 2008-june 2009 were monitored on 135 trucks entering the state via the blythe border station, the entry point receiving the highest volume of fruit. levels of live sessile scales were 3.9-fold higher than indicated in a previous survey (september 2007-april 2008) although levels of live eggs and crawlers were similar to previous levels. a survey of avocado fruit in california infested wit ...201627417639
subcellular lipid droplets in vanilla leaf epidermis and avocado mesocarp are coated with oleosins of distinct phylogenic lineages.subcellular lipid droplets (lds) in diverse plant cells and species are coated with stabilizing oleosins of at least five phylogenic lineages and perform different functions. we examined two types of inadequately studied lds for coated oleosins and their characteristics. the epidermis but not mesophyll of leaves of vanilla (vanilla planifolia) and most other asparagales species contained solitary and clustered lds (<0.5 μm), some previously studied by electron microscopy and speculated to be for ...201627208281
assessment of genetic relationship in persea spp by traditional molecular markers.currently, the reclassification of the genus persea is under discussion with molecular techniques for dna analysis representing an alternative for inter- and intra-specific differentiation. in the present study, the traditional random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and the inter simple sequence repeat (issr) markers were used to determine the genomic relationship of different species and hybrids representative of the subgenera eriodaphne and persea in a population conserved in a germplasm bank ...201627173181
plants with potential use on obesity and its complications.obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. this disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. there are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and it ...201526869866
combined treatments reduce chilling injury and maintain fruit quality in avocado fruit during cold quarantine.quarantine treatment enables export of avocado fruit (persea americana) to parts of the world that enforce quarantine against fruit fly. the recommended cold-based quarantine treatment (storage at 1.1°c for 14 days) was studied with two commercial avocado cultivars 'hass' and 'ettinger' for 2 years. chilling injuries (cis) are prevalent in the avocado fruit after cold-quarantine treatment. hence, we examined the effect of integrating several treatments: modified atmosphere (ma; fruit covered wit ...201526501421
a colored avocado seed extract as a potential natural colorant.there is an increasing consumer demand for and scientific interest in new natural colorants. avocado (persea americana) seed when crushed with water develops an orange color (= 480 nm) in a time-dependent manner. heat treatment of the seed prevented color development, whereas the addition of exogenous polyphenol oxidase (ppo), but not peroxidase restored color development. color development was also inhibited by the addition of tropolone, an inhibitor of ppo. color formation resulted in a decrea ...201522416696
comparison and field validation of binomial sampling plans for oligonychus perseae (acari: tetranychidae) on hass avocado in southern california.oligonychus perseae tuttle, baker, & abatiello is a foliar pest of 'hass' avocados [persea americana miller (lauraceae)]. the recommended action threshold is 50-100 motile mites per leaf, but this count range and other ecological factors associated with o. perseae infestations limit the application of enumerative sampling plans in the field. consequently, a comprehensive modeling approach was implemented to compare the practical application of various binomial sampling models for decision-making ...201526470355
the modulating effect of persea americana fruit extract on the level of expression of fatty acid synthase complex, lipoprotein lipase, fibroblast growth factor-21 and leptin--a biochemical study in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity.obesity is a multifactorial disorder which is closely associated with hyperlipidemia. avocados are edible fruits traditionally consumed for various health benefits including body weight reduction.201526321743
oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of persea americana mesocarp.the mechanism by which plants synthesize and store high amounts of triacylglycerols (tag) in tissues other than seeds is not well understood. the comprehension of controls for carbon partitioning and oil accumulation in nonseed tissues is essential to generate oil-rich biomass in perennial bioenergy crops. persea americana (avocado), a basal angiosperm with unique features that are ancestral to most flowering plants, stores ~ 70 % tag per dry weight in its mesocarp, a nonseed tissue. transcripto ...201526276496
deep sequencing of the mexican avocado transcriptome, an ancient angiosperm with a high content of fatty acids.avocado (persea americana) is an economically important tropical fruit considered to be a good source of fatty acids. despite its importance, the molecular and cellular characterization of biochemical and developmental processes in avocado is limited due to the lack of transcriptome and genomic information.201526268848
avocado proanthocyanidins as a source of tyrosinase inhibitors: structure characterization, inhibitory activity, and mechanism.proanthocyanidins were purified from avocado (persea americana) fruit, and their structures were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-qtrap mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-qtrap ms) techniques. the results obtained from mass spectrometry (ms) analysis demonstrated that the proanthocyanidins were homo- and heteropolymers of procyanidins, prodelphinidins, propelargonidi ...201526259028
bioinformatics reveal five lineages of oleosins and the mechanism of lineage evolution related to structure/function from green algae to seed plants.plant cells contain subcellular lipid droplets with a triacylglycerol matrix enclosed by a layer of phospholipids and the small structural protein oleosin. oleosins possess a conserved central hydrophobic hairpin of approximately 72 residues penetrating into the lipid droplet matrix and amphipathic amino- and carboxyl (c)-terminal peptides lying on the phospholipid surface. bioinformatics of 1,000 oleosins of green algae and all plants emphasizing biological implications reveal five oleosin line ...201526232488
targeting mitochondria with avocatin b induces selective leukemia cell death.treatment regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (aml) continue to offer weak clinical outcomes. through a high-throughput cell-based screen, we identified avocatin b, a lipid derived from avocado fruit, as a novel compound with cytotoxic activity in aml. avocatin b reduced human primary aml cell viability without effect on normal peripheral blood stem cells. functional stem cell assays demonstrated selectivity toward aml progenitor and stem cells without effects on normal hematopoietic stem cells. ...201526077472
detection of laurel wilt disease in avocado using low altitude aerial imaging.laurel wilt is a lethal disease of plants in the lauraceae plant family, including avocado (persea americana). this devastating disease has spread rapidly along the southeastern seaboard of the united states and has begun to affect commercial avocado production in florida. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential to discriminate laurel wilt-affected avocado trees using aerial images taken with a modified camera during helicopter surveys at low-altitude in the commercial avo ...201525927209
use of plant woody species electrical potential for irrigation scheduling.the electrical response of plants to environmental stimuli can be measured and quantitatively related to the intensity of several stimulating sources, like temperature, solar radiation, soil water content, evapotranspiration rates, sap flow and dendrometric cycles. these relations can be used to assess the influence of different environmental situations on soil water availability to plants, defined as a steady state condition between leaf transpirative flow and soil water flow to plant roots. a ...201525826257
effect of a moderate fat diet with and without avocados on lipoprotein particle number, size and subclasses in overweight and obese adults: a randomized, controlled trial.avocados are a nutrient-dense source of monounsaturated fatty acids (mufa) that can be used to replace saturated fatty acids (sfa) in a diet to lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c). well-controlled studies are lacking on the effect of avocado consumption on cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk factors.201525567051
isolation and chemical identification of lipid derivatives from avocado (persea americana) pulp with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities.platelets play a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis. however, in coronary arteries damaged by atherosclerosis, enhanced platelet aggregation, with subsequent thrombus formation, is a precipitating factor in acute ischemic events. avocado pulp (persea americana) is a good source of bioactive compounds, and its inclusion in the diet as a source of fatty acid has been related to reduced platelet aggregability. nevertheless, constituents of avocado pulp with antiplatelet activity remain unknow ...201525319210
evaluation of composition and performance of composts derived from guacamole production residues.the utilization of organic wastes to improve soils or for growth media components in local farms and nurseries can reduce the environmental pollution linked to waste disposal while increasing the sustainability of crop production. this approach could be applied to waste products generated from the production of guacamole (an emerging activity in the avocado production areas in mainland spain), where appropriate treatment of this oily and doughy waste product has not been previously reported. the ...201525265553
metabolomic analysis of avocado fruits by gc-apci-tof ms: effects of ripening degrees and fruit varieties.in order to investigate avocado fruit ripening, nontargeted gc-apci-tof ms metabolic profiling analyses were carried out. principal component analysis (pca) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (pls-da) were used to explore the metabolic profiles from fruit samples of 13 varieties at two different ripening degrees. mannoheptulose; pentadecylfuran; aspartic, malic, stearic, citric and pantothenic acids; mannitol; and β-sitosterol were some of the metabolites found as more influential f ...201525381615
do cancer cells in human and meristematic cells in plant exhibit similar responses toward plant extracts with cytotoxic activities?we examined the effect of water extracts of persea americana fruit, and of the leaves of tabernamontana divericata, nerium oleander and annona cherimolia (positive control) on vicia faba root cells. we had confirmed in our previously published data the cytotoxicity of these plant extracts on four human cancer cell lines: liver (hepg-2), lung (a549), colon (ht-29) and breast (mcf-7). vicia faba roots were soaked in plant extracts at dilutions of 100, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 ppm for 4 ...201524705601
traditional medicine practices among community members with chronic kidney disease in northern tanzania: an ethnomedical survey.in sub-saharan africa, chronic kidney disease (ckd) is being recognized as a non-communicable disease (ncd) with high morbidity and mortality. in countries like tanzania, people access many sources, including traditional medicines, to meet their healthcare needs for ncds, but little is known about traditional medicine practices among people with ckd. therefore, we sought to characterize these practices among community members with ckd in northern tanzania.201526499070
persea americana glycolic extract: in vitro study of antimicrobial activity against candida albicans biofilm and cytotoxicity evaluation.this study evaluated the antifungal activity of persea americana extract on candida albicans biofilm and its cytotoxicity in macrophage culture (raw 264.7). to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), microdilution in broth (clsi m27-s4 protocol) was performed. thereafter, the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml (n = 10) with 5 min exposure were analyzed on mature biofilm in microplate wells for 48 h. saline was used as control (n = 10). after treatment, biofilm cells ...201526605376
effect of chipping and solarization on emergence and boring activity of a recently introduced ambrosia beetle (euwallacea sp., coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) in southern california.polyphagous shot hole borer (euwallacea sp., coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) has recently invaded southern california. the beetle, along with its associated fungi, fusarium euwallaceae, graphium sp., and acremonium sp., causes branch dieback and tree mortality in a large variety of tree species including avocado (persea americana mill.) and box elder (acer negundo l.). with the spread of the beetle through los angeles, orange, and san diego counties in california, there is increasing conc ...201526470327
phylogenetic and expression analysis of the npr1-like gene family from persea americana (mill.).the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 (npr1) forms an integral part of the salicylic acid (sa) pathway in plants and is involved in cross-talk between the sa and jasmonic acid/ethylene (ja/et) pathways. therefore, npr1 is essential to the effective response of plants to pathogens. avocado (persea americana) is a commercially important crop worldwide. significant losses in production result from phytophthora root rot, caused by the hemibiotroph, phytophthora cinnamomi. this oomycete inf ...201525972890
cubeb oil lures: terpenoid emissions, trapping efficacy, and longevity for attraction of redbay ambrosia beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae).redbay ambrosia beetle, xyleborus glabratus eichhoff, is an exotic wood borer and the primary vector of raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus that causes laurel wilt. this lethal disease has decimated native redbay [persea borbonia (l.) sprengel] and swampbay [persea palustris (rafinesque) sargent] throughout southeastern u.s. forests, and currently threatens avocado (persea americana miller) in florida. to curtail the spread of laurel wilt, effective attractants are needed for early detection ...201526470139
impact of laurel wilt, caused by raffaelea lauricola, on leaf gas exchange and xylem sap flow in avocado, persea americana.laurel wilt, caused by raffaelea lauricola, is a destructive disease of avocado (persea americana). the susceptibility of different cultivars and races was examined previously but more information is needed on how this host responds to the disease. in the present study, net co2 assimilation (a), stomatal conductance of h2o (gs), transpiration (e), water use efficiency (wue), and xylem sap flow rates were assessed in cultivars that differed in susceptibility. after artificial inoculation with r. ...201525496301
de novo sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the root transcriptome of persea americana (mill.) in response to phytophthora cinnamomi and flooding.avocado is a diploid angiosperm containing 24 chromosomes with a genome estimated to be around 920 mb. it is an important fruit crop worldwide but is susceptible to a root rot caused by the ubiquitous oomycete phytophthora cinnamomi. phytophthora root rot (prr) causes damage to the feeder roots of trees, causing necrosis. this leads to branch-dieback and eventual tree death, resulting in severe losses in production. control strategies are limited and at present an integrated approach involving t ...201424563685
larvicidal activity of persea americana mill. against aedes aegypti.to evaluate the toxicity of the ethanol and hexane extracts of the different parts of persea americana mill. (p. americana) toward third and fourth instars larvae of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and to characterize the ethanol extract by qualitative phytochemical analysis.201425312114
activities of selected medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria in cameroon.medicinal plants are used worldwide for several human ailments including bacterial infections. the present work was designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of some cameroonian medicinal plants including entada abyssinica, entada africana, pentaclethra macrophylla, allexis cauliflora, anthocleista leibrechtsiana, carapa procera, carica papaya and persea americana against gram-negative bacteria expressing multidrug resistant (mdr) phenotypes.201426060474
evaluation of three medicinal plant extracts against plasmodium falciparum and selected microganisms.a great revival of scientific interests in drug discovery has been witnessed in recent years from medicinal plants for health maintenance. the aim of this work was to investigate three nigerian medicinal plants collected in nigeria for their in vitro antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities.201425392594
stem bark extract and fraction of persea americana (mill.) exhibits bactericidal activities against strains of bacillus cereus associated with food poisoning.the study investigates the in vitro antibacterial potentials of stem bark extracts of persea americana on strains of bacillus cereus implicated in food poisoning. the crude stem bark extracts and butanolic fraction at a concentration of 25 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively, exhibited antibacterial activities against test isolates. the zones of inhibition exhibited by the crude extract and the fraction ranged between 10 mm and 26 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged between ...201425558854
avocado seeds: extraction optimization and possible use as antioxidant in food.consumption of avocado (persea americana mill) has increased worldwide in recent years. part of this food (skin and seed) is lost during processing. however, a high proportion of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, remain in this residue. the primary objective of this study was to model the extraction of polyphenols from the avocado pits. in addition, a further objective was to use the extract obtained to evaluate the protective power against oxidation in food systems, as for instance oil ...201426784880
expression profiling of flowering locus t-like gene in alternate bearing 'hass' avocado trees suggests a role for paft in avocado flower induction.in many perennials, heavy fruit load on a shoot decreases the ability of the plant to undergo floral induction in the following spring, resulting in a pattern of crop production known as alternate bearing. here, we studied the effects of fruit load on floral determination in 'hass' avocado (persea americana). de-fruiting experiments initially confirmed the negative effects of fruit load on return to flowering. next, we isolated a flowering locus t-like gene, paft, hypothesized to act as a phloem ...201425330324
inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rats' pancreas by phenolic extracts of avocado pear leaves and fruit.persea americana fruit and leaves had been known in folk medicine for their anti-diabetic prowess. therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenolic extract from avocado pear (persea americana) leaves and fruits on some key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase); and sodium nitroprusside (snp) induced lipid peroxidation in rats' pancreas in vitro. the phenolic extracts of persea americana fruit and leaves were extracted using methanol and 1m h ...201425324703
acute toxicity investigation and anti-diarrhoeal effect of the chloroform-methanol extract of the leaves of persea americana.persea americana is a plant used by traditional medicine practitioners to treat ailments including diarrhoea and diabetes mellitus in nigeria. hence, the chloroform and the methanol fractions of the chloroform-methanol extract of the leaves of p. americana were evaluated for their acute toxicity as well as anti-diarrhoeal effects in wistar rats to substantiate this claim. the chloroform and methanol fractions [at graded doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of each] were studied for their ...201425237361
evaluating the effect of four extracts of avocado fruit on esophageal squamous carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.most patients with gastrointestinal cancers refer to the health centers at advanced stages of the disease and conventional treatments are not significantly effective for these patients. therefore, using modern therapeutic approaches with lower toxicity bring higher chance for successful treatment and reduced adverse effects in such patients. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of avocado fruit extracts on inhibition of the growth of cancer cells in comparison with normal cells. in an ...201424901722
avocado consumption enhances human postprandial provitamin a absorption and conversion from a novel high-β-carotene tomato sauce and from carrots.dietary lipids have been shown to increase bioavailability of provitamin a carotenoids from a single meal, but the effects of dietary lipids on conversion to vitamin a during absorption are essentially unknown. based on previous animal studies, we hypothesized that the consumption of provitamin a carotenoids with dietary lipid would enhance conversion to vitamin a during absorption compared with the consumption of provitamin a carotenoids alone. two separate sets of 12 healthy men and women were ...201424899156
electrophysiological assessment of water stress in fruit-bearing woody plants.development and evaluation of a real-time plant water stress sensor, based on the electrophysiological behavior of fruit-bearing woody plants is presented. continuous electric potentials are measured in tree trunks for different irrigation schedules, inducing variable water stress conditions; results are discussed in relation to soil water content and micro-atmospheric evaporative demand, determined continuously by conventional sensors, correlating this information with tree electric potential m ...201424877671
persea declinata (bl.) kosterm bark crude extract induces apoptosis in mcf-7 cells via g0/g1 cell cycle arrest, bcl-2/bax/bcl-xl signaling pathways, and ros generation.persea declinata (bl.) kosterm is a member of the lauraceae family, widely distributed in southeast asia. it is from the same genus with avocado (persea americana mill), which is widely consumed as food and for medicinal purposes. in the present study, we examined the anticancer properties of persea declinata (bl.) kosterm bark methanolic crude extract (pdm). pdm exhibited a potent antiproliferative effect in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells, with an ic50 value of 16.68 µg/ml after 48 h of treatm ...201424808916
effect of persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and ppar-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity.persea americana, commonly known as avocado, is traditionally consumed fruit which possesses body fat lowering capacity. adiponectin plays an important role in regulating obesity. in this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of p. americana (haepa) on the level of blood lipids, glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (ppar)-γ expressions was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (hfd).201424770838
graphene/tio2 nanocomposite based solid-phase extraction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for lipidomic profiling of avocado (persea americana mill.).phospholipids possess important physiological, structural and nutritional functions in biological systems. this study described a solid-phase extraction (spe) method, employing graphene and titanium dioxide (g/tio2) nanocomposite as sorbent, for the selective isolation and enrichment of phospholipids from avocado (persea americana mill.). based on the principal that the phosphoryl group in the phospholipid can interact with tio2 via a bridging bidentate mode, an optimum condition was established ...201425441892
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