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Communal microaerophilic-aerobic biodegradation of Amaranth by novel NAR-2 bacterial consortium.A novel bacterial consortium, NAR-2 which consists of Citrobacter freundii A1, Enterococcus casseliflavus C1 and Enterobacter cloacae L17 was investigated for biodegradation of Amaranth azo dye under sequential microaerophilic-aerobic condition. The NAR-2 bacterial consortium with E. casseliflavus C1 as the dominant strain enhanced the decolorization process resulting in reduction of Amaranth in 30min. Further aerobic biodegradation, which was dominated by C. freundii A1 and E. cloacae L17, allo ...201222182471
fecal indicators and zoonotic pathogens in household drinking water taps fed from rainwater tanks in southeast queensland, australia.in this study, the microbiological quality of household tap water samples fed from rainwater tanks was assessed by monitoring the numbers of escherichia coli bacteria and enterococci from 24 households in southeast queensland (seq), australia. quantitative pcr (qpcr) was also used for the quantitative detection of zoonotic pathogens in water samples from rainwater tanks and connected household taps. the numbers of zoonotic pathogens were also estimated in fecal samples from possums and various s ...201222020514
Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium small-colony variant isolated from blood culture.Small-colony variants (SCVs) of bacteria are slow-growing subpopulations which can cause latent or recurrent infections due to better intracellular survival compared to their wild-type counterparts. Atypical colony morphology and altered biochemical profile may lead to failure in identification of SCV strains. We here report for the first time the isolation of an Enterococcus faecium SCV phenotype. The case of a 65-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed symptoms of sepsis duri ...201221968291
Characterization and identification of weissellicin Y and weissellicin M, novel bacteriocins produced by Weissella hellenica QU 13.Aims: To identify and characterize novel bacteriocins from Weissella hellenica QU 13. Methods and Results: Weissella hellenica QU 13, isolated from a barrel used to make Japanese pickles, produced two novel bacteriocins termed weissellicin Y and weissellicin M. The primary structures of weissellicins Y and M were determined, and their molecular masses were determined to be 4925·12 and 4968·40 Da, respectively. Analysis of the DNA sequence encoding the bacteriocins revealed that they were synth ...201222008177
deletion of σ54 (rpon) alters the rate of autolysis and biofilm formation in enterococcus faecalis.transcription initiation is a critical step in bacterial gene regulation and is often controlled by transcription regulators. the alternate sigma factor (σ(54)) is one such regulator that facilitates activator-dependent transcription initiation and thus modulates the expression of a variety of genes involved in metabolism and pathogenesis in bacteria. this study describes the role of σ(54) in the nosocomial pathogen enterococcus faecalis. biofilm formation is one of the important pathogenic mech ...201222081387
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth.The chemical composition of the steam volatile oil of the whole aerial part of Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), obtained by steam distillation, has been analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (88.6%). A total of 50 constituents were identified, representing 94.4% of the total oil composition. Linalool (37.0%) and 1-octen-3-ol (32.0%) were found to be the principal constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined ...201222060314
Polyclonal Diffusion of Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterococcus faecium.We describe here the isolation of 8 beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates in 2010. All strains showed diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, all belonging to the same clonal complex, CC17. By PCR and hybridization experiments, the entire blaZ-blaI-blaR1 operon was found. The beta-lactamase activity was demonstrated at a high inoculum and in the presence of methicillin after overnight incubation.201222075588
interplay between the gastric bacterial microbiota and candida albicans during postantibiotic recolonization and gastritis.the indigenous bacterial microbiome of the stomach, including lactobacilli, is vital in promoting colonization resistance against candida albicans. however, there are gaps in our understanding about c. albicans gastric colonization versus disease, especially during the postantibiotic recovery phase. this study compared the gastric responses to c. albicans strains chn1 and sc5314 in microbiome-disturbed and germfree mice to elucidate the contribution of the indigenous microbiota in c. albicans co ...201221986629
Anti-bacterial studies on Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) H.G. Hallier and Elephantopus scaber L.To examine the ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, benzene, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of, Hemigraphis colorata (H. colorata) leaves and stem and Elephantopus scaber (E. scaber) leaves, root and flower for the presence of phyto-constituents and screened the anti-bacterial activity against the selected pathogens.201222182644
The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplemented enteral feeding on the microbiotic flora of preterm infants-double blinded randomized control trial.Intestinal flora of preterms, dominantly presents with decreased amounts of physiological microbiota. This double blinded randomized control trial compared the stool of bottle fed preterms, randomized to receive lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 6x109or placebo with formula feeding.201222055271
Lesion severity at processing as a predictor of Salmonella contamination of swine carcasses.Objective-To measure the relationship between gross lesions in swine carcasses observed at a processing plant and Salmonella contamination and to determine whether nonexpert assessments of lesion status would correspond with swine pathologists' judgments. Animals-Carcasses of 202 conventionally raised and 156 antimicrobial-free pigs in a Midwestern US processing plant examined from December 2005 to January 2006. Procedures-4 replicates were conducted. For each, freshly eviscerated carcasses ...201222204293
an in vitro study comparing the intracanal effectiveness of calcium hydroxide- and linezolid-based medicaments against enterococcus faecalis.this study evaluated the efficacy of calcium hydroxide (ch), vitapex (vp), linezolid (lz), a combination of lz with ch (lc), and a control group (n, no medicament) against enterococcus faecalis (ef).201222152629
telavancin activity tested against a contemporary collection of gram-positive pathogens from usa hospitals (2007-2009).this study updates the activity of telavancin against gram-positive pathogens collected from usa hospitals (2007-2009). telavancin (mic(50/90), 0.12/0.25 μg/ml) was active against coagulase-negative staphylococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (100% susceptible), for which only daptomycin (mic(50/90), 0.25/0.5 μg/ml; 99% susceptible) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (mic(50/90), ≤ 0.25-0.5/0.5 μg/ml; 99% susceptible) exhibited similar activity. telavancin (mic(50/90), 0.25/0.5 μg/m ...201222078909
Growth Rate-Dependent Control in Enterococcus faecalis: Effects on the Transcriptome and Proteome, and Strong Regulation of Lactate Dehydrogenase.Enterococcus faecalis V583 was grown in a glucose-limited chemostat at three different growth rates (0.05, 0.15, and 0.4 h(-1)). The fermentation pattern changed with growth rate, from a mostly homolactic profile at a high growth rate to a fermentation dominated by formate, acetate, and ethanol production at a low growth rate. A number of amino acids were consumed at the lower growth rates but not by fast-growing cells. The change in metabolic profile was caused mainly by decreased flux through ...201222038603
Serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Group B streptococcus isolated from patients at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait.A total of 143 group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates collected from mothers at the Maternity Hospital in Kuwait were investigated for their serotypes and antibiotic resistance, and screened by PCR for the carriage of genes for resistance to tetracycline (tetk, tetM, tetL, tetO), erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermTR, ermM, mefA, mefE, msrA) and aminoglycosides (aph3, ant4, ant6). All isolates were serotyped using a latex agglutination test. Most of the isolates belonged to serotypes V (38.5?%), I ...201221903822
Synergistic Effect of Thermal Energy on Bactericidal Action of Photolysis of H2O2 in Relation to Acceleration of Hydroxyl Radical Generation.The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of thermal energy on the yield of and the bactericidal action of hydroxyl radical generated by photolysis of H(2)O(2). Different concentrations of H(2)O(2) (250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mM) were irradiated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a wavelength of 400 ± 20 nm at 25°C to generate hydroxyl radical. The 500 mM H(2)O(2) was irradiated with the LEDs at different temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 55°C). Electron spin resonance spin trapping ...201222024818
Enterococcus faecium of the vanA Genotype in Rural Drinking Water, Effluent, and the Aqueous Environment.Total enterococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were enumerated in samples of effluent (n = 50) and water (n = 167) from a number of sources. VRE were detected in the outflow of a wastewater treatment plant and in a single rural drinking water supply, suggesting potential for transmission to humans through environmental contamination.201222101039
Comparison of different IlvE aminotransferases in Lactobacillus sakei and investigation of their contribution to aroma formation from branched chain amino acids.Branched chain aminotransferases (IlvE/BcaT), specific for leucine, isoleucine, and valine initialize the formation of methyl-branched volatiles, which are strongly linked to the typical aroma of cured meat products. Lactobacillus sakei, one of the dominating lactic acid bacteria species for meat fermentations and commonly used as starter lacks this enzyme, whereas the presence of IlvE has been reported for Lactobacillus paracasei, a non-starter lactic acid bacterium occurring in meat products a ...201222202874
reduction of surface contamination and biofilms of enterococcus sp. and staphylococcus aureus using a citrus-based vapour.antibiotic-resistant organisms such as meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus sp. (vre) are an ongoing problem in hospitals. essential oil vapours (eos) have been shown to reduce environmental bacterial contamination.201222153952
identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught anopheles stephensi: a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates.to describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence library. forty species in 12 genera including seven gram-negative myroides, chryse ...201222074685
Diurnal Variation in Enterococcus Species Composition in Polluted Ocean Water and a Potential Role for the Enterococcal Carotenoid in Protection against Photoinactivation.Enterococcus species composition was determined each hour for 72 h at a polluted marine beach in Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, CA. Species composition during the day was significantly different from that at night, based on an analysis of similarity. Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were more prevalent at night than during the day, while E. hirae and other Enterococcus species were more prevalent during the day than the night. Enterococcus spp. containing a yellow pigment were more common du ...201222081569
Preliminary Studies on the Prevention of the Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Response by Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 in Mice.Background: Allergic diseases are featured by an increased production of IgE due to an imbalance in the immune response towards a Th2 profile. In this work, the ability of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 to regulate this Th2-exaggerated response in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy was studied. Methods: BALB/c mice intragastrically inoculated with E. faecalis CECT7121 before and during a subcutaneous immunization protocol with OVA were studied in comparison with an immunized contr ...201221894024
draft genome sequence of enterococcus mundtii crl1656.we report the draft genome sequence of enterococcus mundtii crl1656, which was isolated from the stripping milk of a clinically healthy adult holstein dairy cow from a dairy farm of the northwestern region of tucumán (argentina). the 3.10-mb genome sequence consists of 450 large contigs and contains 2,741 predicted protein-coding genes.201222207752
Synthesis, characterization and activity of new phosphonate dipeptides as potential inhibitors of VanX.VanX, a Zn(II)-dependent D-ala-D-ala dipeptidase, is essential for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. The enzymatic activity of VanX was previously found to be inhibited competitively by 2-{[(1-aminoethyl) (hydroxy) phosphoryl]oxy} propanoic acid (1B). Here we report the synthesis and characterization of seven phosphonate dipeptide analogs of D-ala-D-ala with various substituent, the activity evaluation indicated that six of these phosphonate analogs inhibit VanX with IC(50) of 0.48- ...201222113110
cow teat skin, a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production.the diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16s rrna gene sequencing. this was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16s rrna gene sequencing. this study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as ...201222081572
effect of vanadium chloroperoxidase on enterococcus faecalis biofilms.the aim of this study was to explore the antimicrobial effect of vanadium chloroperoxidase (vcpo) reaction products on enterococcus faecalis biofilms of 4 different strains.201222152624
Capsule Locus Polymorphism among Distinct Lineages of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Canals of Root-filled Teeth with Periapical Lesions.Although Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the normal microbiota, it is also a major cause of nosocomial infections. Some strains of E. faecalis produce capsule, which contributes to pathogenesis through evasion of host defenses, and its production is dependent on the capsule (cps) operon polymorphism. This study investigated cps locus polymorphism in distinct lineages of E. faecalis isolated from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions.201222152621
Fecal Indicators in Sand, Sand Contact, and Risk of Enteric Illness Among Beachgoers.BACKGROUND:: Beach sand can harbor fecal indicator organisms and pathogens, but enteric illness risk associated with sand contact remains unclear. METHODS:: In 2007, visitors at 2 recreational marine beaches were asked on the day of their visit about sand contact. Ten to 12 days later, participants answered questions about health symptoms since the visit. F coliphage, Enterococcus, Bacteroidales, fecal Bacteroides, and Clostridium spp. in wet sand were measured using culture and molecular method ...201222157306
Biodiversity and growth dynamics of lactic acid bacteria in artisanal PDO Ossau-Iraty cheeses made from raw ewe's milk with different starters.The biodiversity and growth dynamics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in farm-house Ossau-Iraty cheeses were investigated from vat milk to 180 days of ripening in six independent batches made from six raw ewe's milks using five typical cheese-making methods. Commercial starter S1 was used for three batches, starter S1 combined with S2 for one batch and no starter for two batches. Up to ten LAB species from five genera and up to two strains per species were identified per milk; up to eleven species ...201222029916
N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Growth and Eradicates Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis.The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial and biofilm eradication efficacies of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Enterococcus faecalis.201222152626
evaluation of nd:yag and er:yag irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on enterococcus faecalis biofilms.meire ma, coenye t, nelis hj, de moor rjg. evaluation of nd:yag and er:yag irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on enterococcus faecalis biofilms. international endodontic journal. abstract: aim  to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two-high power lasers (nd:yag and er:yag) and two commercial antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) systems with that of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) action on enterococcus faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs. m ...201222243483
production of two bacteriocins in various growth conditions produced by gram-positive bacteria isolated from chicken cecum.lactobacillus plantarum clp29 and enterococcus faecium cle34 isolated from the cecal contents of young broiler chicks were identified based on physiological and biochemical characteristics, and identification was confirmed by 16s rrna sequencing. both bacteria showed a broad range of inhibitory action against bacteria such as salmonella and escherichia coli and produced two peptides, plantaricin clp29 and enterocin cle34. treatment with proteinase k, trypase, or benase resulted in the los ...201222220499
lactic acid bacteria from raw milk as potentially beneficial strains to prevent bovine mastitis.bovine mastitis produces a wide variety of problems in the dairy farm. the treatment of this disease is based on the use of antibiotics which are not always effective. these drugs are also responsible for the presence of residues in the milk and the increase of antibiotic-resistant strains. probiotic products were proposed as a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies and are also useful for the prevention of infectious syndromes. with the aim of designing a probiotic product to prevent bovine ...201222261519
heterocyclic urea derivatives and methods of use thereof (wo2010142978).a series of ureido derivatives incorporating a highly derivatized quinolone scaffold were prepared by a succession of original steps. the lead molecules of these compounds are the quinolone antibacterials of the nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin type and they target, similar to these clinically used agents, the dna gyrase/topoisomerase iv of pathogenic bacteria. these new quinolones are claimed to act as efficient antibacterials against a large number of drug-resistant bacteria such as staphylococcus ...201222264034
post-operative wound infection in salvage laryngectomy: does antibiotic prophylaxis have an impact?salvage laryngectomy carries a high risk of post-operative infection with reported rates of 40-61%. the purpose of this study was to analyse infections in our own patients and review the potential impact of our current antibiotic prophylaxis (ap). a retrospective analysis of infection in 26 consecutive patients between 2000 and 2010 undergoing salvage total laryngectomy (sl) following recurrent laryngeal cancer after failed radiotherapy or chemo-radiation was undertaken. the antibiotic prophylax ...201222274693
characterization of functional, safety, and probiotic properties of enterococcus faecalis ugra10, a new as-48-producer strain.enterococcus faecalis ugra10, a new as-48-producer strain, has been isolated from a spanish sheep's cheese. the inhibitory substance produced by e. faecalis ugra10 was purified and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, confirming its identity with as-48 enterocin (7.150 da). subsequent genetic analysis showed the existence of the as-48 gene cluster on a plasmid of approximately 70-kb. the ugra10 strain was examined for safety properties ...201222265284
culture heterogeneity in zeta potential is linked to ebp in enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis, a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen, has the ability to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. it has been shown earlier that only 10 to 20 percent of a e. faecalis og1rf culture expresses endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili (ebp) which are involved in biofilm formation. another study revealed that e. faecalis clinical isolates, as well as og1rf, are heterogeneous with respect to their apparent zeta potential which was also correlate ...201222267669
environmental dna encoded antibiotics fasamycin a and b inhibit fabf in type ii fatty-acid biosynthesis.in a recent study of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters cloned directly from soil, we isolated two antibiotics, fasamycin a and b, which showed activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis. to identify the target of the fasamycins, mutants with elevated fasamycin a mics were selected from a wild type culture of e. faecalis og1rf. next generation sequencing of these mutants, in conjunction with in vitro biochemical assays, showed ...201222224500
genetic characterisation of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in vana-containing enterococci from cattle, sheep and pigs subsequent to the discontinuation of the use of avoparcin.the prevalence of vancomycin resistant-enterococci (vre) in faecal samples from cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered for human consumption was evaluated. enterococci containing the vana gene were detected in 25.3% and 2.7% of the porcine and ovine samples, respectively, and were identified as enterococcus faecium. no vana-containing enterococcal strains were detected in bovine samples. enterococcal strains with intrinsic vancomycin resistance were detected in seven (9.9%) faecal samples from pigs ...201222264646
diversity of enterococcus cecorum from chickens.enterococcus cecorum is a normal inhabitant of the intestine of birds and other vertebrates. it has recently emerged in canada and other countries as an important cause of arthritis and osteomyelitis in chickens. the objectives of this study were to assess if this emergence was caused by a particular clone of e. cecorum and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of this organism. one hundred and thirteen e. cecorum isolates from infections in canadian chickens (cases) and from the ceca of co ...201222266160
inhibition of bacterial carbonic anhydrases and zinc proteases: from orphantargets to innovative new antibiotic drugs.zinc-containing enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (cas) and metalloproteases (mps) play critical functions in bacteria, being involved in various steps of their life cycle, which are important for survival, colonization, acquisition of nutrients for growth and proliferation, facilitation of dissemination, invasion and pathogenicity. the development of resistance to many classes of clinically used antibiotics emphasizes the need of new antibacterial drug targets to be explored. there is a weal ...201222214451
screening of enzymatic activities for the depolymerisation of the marine bacterial exopolysaccharide he800.the exopolysaccharide (eps) he800 is a marine-derived polysaccharide (from 8 × 10(5) to 1.5 × 10(6) g mol(-1)) produced by vibrio diabolicus and displaying original structural features close to those of glycosaminoglycans. in order to confer new biological activities to the eps he800 or to improve them, structural modifications need to be performed. in particular, depolymerisation is required to generate low-molecular-weight derivatives. to circumvent the use of chemical methods that lack specif ...201222234531
hospital-acquired infections.health-acquired infection (hai) is defined as a localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of infectious agents or its toxins. this article focuses on hais that are well studied, common, and costly (direct, indirect, and intangible). the hais reviewed are catheter-related bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, surgical site infection, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. this article excludes discussion of clostridium difficile ...201222269261
development of an intracanal mature enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to some antimicrobial intracanal medications; an in vitro study.to develop a mature biofilm of enterococcus faecalis inside the root canal system and to test its susceptibility to some antimicrobial medications in vitro.201222229006
overtreatment of enterococcal bacteriuria.the purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical outcomes of enterococcal bacteriuria and to determine whether current management is adherent to infectious diseases society of america guidelines.201222232145
characterization of a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium outbreak caused by 2 genetically different clones at a neonatal intensive care unit.in july 2010, we identified an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in our 26-bed neonatal intensive care unit. we performed an epidemiological investigation after clinical cultures of 2 neonates were positive for vre. identification, susceptibility testing, and molecular characterization were performed. cultures of 3 surveillance stool samples of inpatients and 5 environmental samples were positive for vre. all isolates were identified as enterococcus faecium containing the vana g ...201222259784
editorial: not so nosocomial anymore: the growing threat of community-acquired clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile infection is widely accepted to be the leading cause of nosocomial infection-related morbidity and mortality, outpacing both antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus and enterococcus. the existence and prevalence of community-acquired clostridium difficile infection, on the other hand, is much less well appreciated. growing evidence now suggests that community-acquired clostridium difficile infection may account for more than a third of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea ...201222218031
studies on the biosynthesis of the lipodepsipeptide antibiotic ramoplanin a2.ramoplanin, a non-ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotic, is highly effective against several drug-resistant gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), two important opportunistic human pathogens. recently, the biosynthetic cluster from the ramoplanin producer actinoplanes atcc 33076 was sequenced, revealing an unusual architecture of fatty acid and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic gen ...201222222159
significance of perioperative infection in survival of patients with ovarian cancer.perioperative infectious diseases comprise some of the most common causes of surgical mortality in women with ovarian cancer. this study was aimed to evaluate the significance of perioperative infections in survival of patients with ovarian cancer.201222228425
novel vancomycin-resistance transposon, plasmid replicon types, and virulence factors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in zhejiang, china.forty-seven vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) strains were isolated from clinical samples in 13 zhejiang hospitals and fecal samples from icu patients in a large teaching hospital in china. no vre isolates were detected in healthy human subjects. cc17 was the main clonal complex in clinical enterococcus faecium isolates but not in isolates from healthy human subjects. novel vancomycin-resistance transposons were detected among vre strains. this is the first report demonstrating insertion o ...201222257297
chemical compositions of the essential oils of aerial parts of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni.the chemical compositions of the aerial parts essential oils of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni from corsica and sardinia were investigated employing gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the structure of (z)-heptadeca-9,16-dien-7-one, a natural compound not previously described, was elucidated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact and chemical ionization) and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the variation in ch ...201222225420
necrotizing periodontal diseases in hiv-infected brazilian patients: a clinical and microbiologic descriptive study.objective: nowadays, necrotizing periodontal diseases have a low prevalence; however, a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is necessary for determining more adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies. method and materials: from a pool of 1,232 hiv-infected patients, 15 presented with necrotizing periodontal diseases, which were evaluated by full-mouth periodontal clinical measurements. subgingival biofilm samples were collected from necrotizing lesions of six of t ...201222259811
fine-tuned transcriptional regulation of malate operons in enterococcus faecalis.in e. faecalis, the mae locus is constituted by two putative divergent operons, maepe and maekr. the first operon encodes a putative h(+)/malate symporter (maep) and a malic enzyme (maee) previously shown to be essential for malate utilization in this bacterium. the maekr operon encodes two putative proteins with significant similarity to two-component systems involved in sensing malate and activating its assimilation in bacteria. our transcriptional and genetic assays showed that maepe and maek ...201222247139
clonal outbreak of st17 multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium harbouring an inc18-like::tn1546 plasmid in a haemo-oncology ward of a spanish hospital.objectives: to report a clonal outbreak of st17 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) carrying tn1546 (vana) in a haemo-oncology ward of a tertiary teaching hospital in the south of spain (january-september 2009). patients and methods: twenty-two vrefm strains from 13 patients were characterized by pfge, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). genes encoding antibiotic resistance and putative virulence traits and the tn1546 ...201222228676
antimicrobial activity of the investigational pleuromutilin compound bc-3781 tested against gram-positive organisms commonly associated with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.bc-3781 is a novel semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent which is developed as an intravenous and oral therapy for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and respiratory tract infections (rti). bc-3781 and comparator agents were tested against 1,893 clinical gram-positive organisms predominantly causing absssi by broth microdilution method. bc-3781 exhibited potent activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic(50/90), 0.12/0.25 μg/ml), coagulas ...201222232289
inhibitors of aminoglycoside resistance activated in cells.the most common mechanism of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics entails bacterial expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as the clinically widespread aminoglycoside n-6'-acetyltransferase (aac(6')). aminoglycoside-coa bisubstrates are highly potent aac(6') inhibitors; however, their inability to penetrate cells precludes in vivo studies. some truncated bisubstrates are known to cross cell membranes, yet their activities against aac(6') are in the micromolar range at best. we report ...201222217014
[endocarditis in iceland 2000-2009, a national survey incidence, microbiology and prognosis.]introduction: the objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, clinical features, microbiology and prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis (ie) in iceland, and to compare the results with a previous study made in iceland 1976-85. material and methods: a retrospective study including all patients diagnosed with ie in iceland 2000-2009. information was obtained from medical records. results: a total of 88 cases (71% men, mean age 59 years) were diagnosed ...201222253080
efficacy of the self-adjusting file system on cleaning and shaping oval canals: a microbiological and microscopic evaluation.the shaping ability of root canal instruments is determined by a complex interrelationship of parameters such as cross-sectional design and the ability to remove debris and the smear layer. the self-adjusting file (saf) consists of a hollow, flexible instrument in the form of a compressible, thin-walled, pointed cylinder. the aim of this study was to compare the saf with the protaper rotary file system, evaluating debris and smear layer removal and the presence of bacteria by using microbiologic ...201222244642
biodiversity in traditional polish cheese oscypek determined by culture-dependent and -independent approaches.oscypek is a traditional polish, scalded-smoked cheese, with a protected designation of origin (pdo) status manufactured from raw sheep's milk without starter cultures in the tatra mountains region of poland. this study was undertaken in order to get some insight on the microbiota which develops and evolves during the manufacture and ripening stages of oscypek. to this end, we made use of both culturing and the culture-independent methods of pcr-dgge and pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons ...201222247135
influence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) on the transport of enterococcus faecium within saturated quartz sands.enterococcus was selected by us epa as a gram-positive indicator microorganism for groundwater fecal contamination and its effectiveness is highly dependent on its transport behavior within the groundwater system. in this research, we performed laboratory column transport experiments to investigate the transport of enterococcus faecium of human origin within saturated quartz sands. particularly, we used a wild type strain (e1162) and a mutant (e1162δesp) to examine the influence of enterococcal ...201222243624
distribution and disinfection of bacterial loadings associated with particulate matter fractions transported in urban wet weather flows.urban runoff is a resource for reuse water. however, runoff transports indicator and pathogenic organisms which are mobilized from sources of fecal contamination. these organisms are entrained with particulate matter (pm) that can serve as a mobile substrate for these organisms. within a framework of additional treatment for reuse of treated runoff which requires the management of pm inventories in unit operations and drainage systems there is a need to characterize organism distributions on pm ...201122244969
antibacterial effect and cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1, 4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8.we studied the antibiotic activity and selective cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8.201122260051
studies on the effect of an enterococcus faecium probiotic on t cell populations in peripheral blood and intestinal epithelium and on the susceptibility to salmonella during a challenge infection with salmonella typhimurium in piglets.although enterococcus faecium is used as a probiotic feed supplement in animal production, feeding of the bacterium to piglets resulted in a more severe infection with salmonella typhimurium dt104 during a challenge experiment. to enlighten the mode of action by which e. faecium affected the piglets' health, we investigated the influence of the probiotic bacterium on the development of intestinal and circulating immune cells during a challenge experiment with s. typhimurium dt104. to minimise va ...201122256673
chemical and biological diversity in fourteen selections of four ocimum species.biomass, essential oil yield, essential oil composition diversity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 14 selections of 4 ocimum species [ocimum basilicum l. (selections: t1-t10), o. gratissimum l. (selections: t11-t12), o. tenuiflorum l.f., syn. o. sanctum l. (selection: t13) and o. kilimandscharicum baker ex. guerke (selection: t14)] were investigated. o. basilicum selections t9 (methyl chavicol: 87.0%) and t10 {(z)- and (e)-methyl cinnamate: 69.1%} produced higher biomass (67.8 and ...201122224293
prevalence of bacterial pathogens in aseer region, kingdom of saudi arabia: emphasis on antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus.this short study aims to determine the prevalence of various bacterial pathogens causing infections in the aseer regions, and to also assess the distribution of staphylococcus aureus in relation to different body sites as well as their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile.201122216389
simultaneous aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis due to complication of sinus of valsalva rupture.we experienced a case of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva, and this resulted in simultaneous aortic and tricuspid valve endocarditis through a shunt. the echocardiography showed a ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm to the right atrium with a shunt. the aortic non-coronary cusp was fibro-thickened with vegetation. vegetations of the septal leaflet and the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve were also found. the blood culture grew enterococcus garllinarum. we replaced both tricuspid ...201122263159
[septic complications after multilocal fractures and multiple traumatic injury].the increase of the number of the multiple traumatic injuries is related to social factors, such as: the development of industry, the change of life style and the conditions of work, the manner and the speed of relocation and the biological factors related with the elongation of life time. according to the world health organization data the injuries are one of the main health problems in the world.201122235645
In-vitro antimicrobial activity and synergistic/antagonistic effect of interactions between antibiotics and some spice essential oils.Spices and herbs have been used for many years by different cultures. The aim of the present study is (1) to investigate in-vitro antimicrobial effects of different spices and herbs (5 species: Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. Brachycalyx P.H. Davis (White micromeria), Cumium cyminum (cumin), Mentha piperita (Peppermint) against different bacteria and fungi species, and (2) to discuss the in-vitro possible effects between t ...201121888227
Role of antibiofilm-antimicrobial agents in controlling device-related infections.Objectives: To assess the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on organism viability in planktonic and biofilm phases, biofilm thickness, and extracellular polysaccharide content. Methods: We performed time-kill curves and broth macrodilution assays of bacterial and fungal clinical isolates with varying concentrations of NAC. We also created in vitro bacterial biofilms, incubated them with NAC or control, and then stained with propidium iodide and FITC-labeled concanavalin A. We measured biofilm t ...201122094553
In vitro antimicrobial activity of maleic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on endodontic pathogens.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of 7% maleic acid (MA) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in elimination of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus at different time intervals.201121872510
dna, protein binding, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and antibacterial activities of new palladium(ii) complexes of thiosemicarbazone ligands: effects of substitution on biological activity.the coordination propensities of 4(n,n')-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(n)-substituted thiosemicarbazones (h(2)l(1-4)) were investigated by reacting with an equimolar amount of [pdcl(2)(pph(3))(2)]. the new complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. the structure determination of the complexes [pd(deasal-tsc)(pph(3))] (1), [pd(deasal-mtsc)(pph(3))] (2) and [pd(deasal-etsc)(pph(3))] (3) by x-ray crystallography showed that ligands are coordinated in a dibasic tridentate ons ...201122051854
Safety evaluation in vitro of Enterococcus durans from Tibetan traditional fermented yak milk.Despite its ubiquity in fermented dairy products, the safety of lactic acid enterococcal bacteria remains controversial. In this study, five Enterococcus durans strains - A1, A2, B1, B2, and C1 - were isolated from traditional fermented yak milk from Tibet. To evaluate the strains' safety, biogenic amine production, antibiotic resistance and presence of known virulence determinants were investigated. Strain A1 can produce biogenic amines for histamine, spermine, and spermidine (mean values: 8.64 ...201122068487
Microbiological impact of treatment lagoons on the economics of water for reuse in agriculture a case study in Morocco (Settat and Soualem regions).This study was undertaken to enumerate pathogens: fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci and Salmonella in the areas irrigated with treated wastewater. The samples were isolated from Settat (33°00'N, 7°37'W) and Soualem regions (34°26'N, 5°53'W). A total of (n= 48) raw water, (n=48) treated water, (n=71) of vegetables samples irrigated by treated water taken from Waste Water Treatment Plant Settat; A total of (n=24) raw water, (n=24) treated water, (n=97) of vegetables samples irri ...201121955386
Differential effector responses by circulating/blood and tissue/peritoneal neutrophils following burn combined with Enterococcus faecalis infection.Recently we found that superimposition of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) infection on burn injury caused an eruption of host mortality not seen with either individual challenge. We hypothesized that the Enterococcus bacteria, and/or factors related to these organisms, aggravate burn-induced modulations in host defense by neutrophils. Our study focuses on alterations in neutrophils' oxidative, proteolytic, and adhesive functions and trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils in burn rats ino ...201122066701
The anti-sigma factor TcdC modulates hypervirulence in an epidemic BI/NAP1/027 clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile.Nosocomial infections are increasingly being recognised as a major patient safety issue. The modern hospital environment and associated health care practices have provided a niche for the rapid evolution of microbial pathogens that are well adapted to surviving and proliferating in this setting, after which they can infect susceptible patients. This is clearly the case for bacterial pathogens such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) s ...201122022270
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococcus species isolated from clinical specimens.multidrug-resistant enterococci are emerging as a leading nosocomial pathogen. knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance profile is essential to formulate treatment guidelines for infection caused by enterococci. a total of 200 enterococcal strains were isolated from various clinical specimens from may 2009 to april 2010 in the department of microbiology, bangladesh institute of health sciences hospital, mirpur, dhaka, bangladesh. they were speciated and an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern w ...201122081191
using the good to beat out the bad: probiotics for eliminating vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization. 201121989278
method repeatability for measuring enterococcus in southern california beach sands.a recent study that evaluated 22 methods for enumerating faecal indicator bacteria in sand recommended standardization to a preferred method, but all researchers involved in that study had extensive experience in processing sand samples. the purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the recommended method can be transferred to laboratories without such experience.201121967472
vana-containing enterococcus faecium susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin because of major nucleotide deletions in tn1546.during the course of routine screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), we found six enterococcus faecium isolates positive for vana by pcr, but susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin by phenotypic testing. the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic composition of the tn1546 vana gene cluster of these isolates.201121926081
[the relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in urinary enterococcus isolates].increasing multidrug resistance in nosocomial enterococcus strains from all over the world recently enhances the need for further investigation of enterococci, especially their virulence factors. there are still many lacking parts about virulence factors of clinical enterococcus isolates. in this study, it was aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and the presence of potential virulence factors of 91 enterococcus strains (59 e.faecalis, 31 e.faecium and 1 e.gallinarum) isolated from uri ...201121935776
Detection of an Unusual van Genotype in a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Hospital Isolate.We highlight the detection of a rare vanM genotype in Enterococcus faecium. This isolate exhibited a VanB phenotype, with high levels of resistance to vancomycin (MIC, >256 mg/liter) and susceptibility to teicoplanin (MIC, 1 mg/liter). It was, however, vanB negative by PCR. Further screening for other van loci revealed the presence of a complete vanM operon.201121998432
intestinal steroid profiles and microbiota composition in colitic mice.reduced gut microbiota diversity in conjunction with a bloom of few bacterial species is a common feature in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients. however, the environmental changes caused by inflammation and their possible impact on the microbiota are largely unknown. since ibd is associated with an impaired intestinal steroid metabolism, we hypothesized that changes in intestinal steroid and particularly bile acid (ba) concentrations affect microbial communities. we used interleukin-10 de ...201121869607
Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from corn stovers.One hundred and twenty-six strains were isolated from corn stover in Henan Province, China, of which 105 isolates were considered to be lactic acid bacteria (LAB) according to Gram-positive, catalase-negative and mainly metabolic lactic acid product. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence of 21 representative strains was used to confirm the presence of the predominant groups and to determine the phylogenetic affiliation of isolates. The sequences from the various LAB isolates showed high deg ...201121951900
Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruit of Emblica officinalis against pathogenic bacteria.To investigate antimicrobial potential of aqueous (infusions, decoctions) and methanlic extracts (1:2 and 1:5 concentrations) of Emblica officinalis (amla) against seven pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcs aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus cloacae, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae.201121977871
enterococcus in surface waters from the des moines river (iowa) watershed: location, persistence and vancomycin resistance.the object of this study was to quantify vancomycin-resistant enterococci in surface water from central iowa obtained from april 2007 to august 2007. water from established sampling sites in four watersheds was plated on bile-esculin agar. presumptively identified enterococci were categorized as "above the level of concern" if the sample contained ≥107 cfu per 100 ml. confirmation of isolates as enterococci was based on growth at elevated temperature in high salt and on enterococcus agar. isolat ...201122128914
synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of simple aromatic esters of ferulic acid.aromatic ester derivatives of ferulic acid where the phenolic hydroxyl is free (6a-d) or acetylated (5a-d) were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. the superoxide radical scavenging capacity of compounds 5d and 6d-e (ic(50) of 0.19, 0.27 and 0.20 mm, respectively) was found to be twice as active as α-tocopherol (ic(50) = 0.51 mm). dpph radical scavenging capacity was moderate and only found in compounds bearing free phenolic hydroxyl groups (6a-e). with regard to antimi ...201121910045
multiresistant escherichia coli in aged care: the gathering storm. 201122060066
colicin m hydrolyses branched lipids ii from gram-positive bacteria.lipids ii found in some gram-positive bacteria were prepared in radioactive form from l-lysine-containing udp-murnac-pentapeptide. the specific lateral chains of enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus aureus (di-l-alanine, d-isoasparagine, and pentaglycine, respectively) were introduced by chemical peptide synthesis using the fmoc chemistry. the branched nucleotides obtained were converted into the corresponding lipids ii by enzymatic synthesis using the mray and murg enz ...201122210388
evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial potentials of ixora coccinea root extract.to evaluate the wound healing and antimicrobial activity of root extracts of ixora coccinea (i. coccinea).201122118031
effect of a calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste as intracanal dressing in human primary teeth with necrotic pulp against porphyromonas gingivalis and enterococcus faecalis.international journal of paediatric dentistry 2012; 22: 116-124 background.  intracanal medication is important for endodontic treatment success as it eliminates microorganisms that persist after biomechanical preparation. aim.  to evaluate the effect of two intracanal medications against porphyromonas gingivalis and enterococcus faecalis in the root canals of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp with and without furcal/periapical lesion, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ...201121883559
[frequency of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from blood cultures from 2008 to 2010].enterococci are important hospital-acquired pathogens. the most commonly isolated species of the genus, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are the third to fourth-most prevalent nosocomial pathogens worldwide. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of resistance to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents of enterococcus spp strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients.201122097115
bistability versus bimodal distributions in gene regulatory processes from population balance.in recent times, stochastic treatments of gene regulatory processes have appeared in the literature in which a cell exposed to a signaling molecule in its environment triggers the synthesis of a specific protein through a network of intracellular reactions. the stochastic nature of this process leads to a distribution of protein levels in a population of cells as determined by a fokker-planck equation. often instability occurs as a consequence of two (stable) steady state protein levels, one at ...201121901083
phytochemical constituents and antibacterial efficacy of the flowers of peltophorum pterocarpum (dc.) baker ex heyne.to investigate the preliminary phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of the flower extract of peltophorum pterocarpum .201121967698
[evaluation of chromogenic medium uriselect4 in urine culture].we evaluated the performance and the cost of chromogenic medium uriselect4 agar with regard to the standard medium for the detection and identification of urinary tract pathogens. a total of 503 clinical urine specimens containing leucocytes greater or equal to 104/ml were analysed prospectively, in parallel by two different persons on blood agar (gs) and uriselect4 according to the manufacturers' instructions. of the 503 urine specimens tested, 210 gave a positive culture on uriselect4 versus 1 ...201122008133
microbial ureteral stent colonization in renal transplant recipients: frequency and influence on the short-time functional outcome.ureteral stent insertion at the time of renal transplantation significantly decreases complications of urine leakage and obstruction, but bears an intrinsic risk of microbial colonization. associated urinary tract infection (uti) may pose a significant risk for graft infection and subsequent graft failure, in particular, during high-level immunosuppression in the early phase after transplantation. the aims of this prospective study were (i) to assess the frequency of microbial ureteral stent col ...201122093165
mechanisms of and risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical enterococcus faecalis isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.we examined enterococcus faecalis strains clinically isolated from 100 patients with urinary tract infections (utis) for their susceptibility to levofloxacin (lvx) by measuring the mic and investigated amino acid mutations by direct dna sequencing, which were then correlated with lvx resistance. next, we studied risk factors for lvx resistance, such as age, gender, and previous fluoroquinolone use, and investigated the statistical correlation of these risk factors with each amino acid mutation a ...201121918020
predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with bacteraemia admitted to an internal medicine ward.abstract:201121970460
crystal structure of the central axis df complex of the prokaryotic v-atpase.v-atpases function as atp-dependent ion pumps in various membrane systems of living organisms. atp hydrolysis causes rotation of the central rotor complex, which is composed of the central axis d subunit and a membrane c ring that are connected by f and d subunits. here we determined the crystal structure of the df complex of the prokaryotic v-atpase of enterococcus hirae at 2.0-å resolution. the structure of the d subunit comprised a long left-handed coiled coil with a unique short β-hairpin re ...201122114184
Porcine and Human Community Reservoirs of Enterococcus faecalis, Denmark.TO THE EDITOR: Enterococcus faecalis, which exists commensally in the gut in warm-blooded animals and humans, is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of community-acquired and health care-associated infections, such as urinary tract and intraabdominal infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis (1). Only a few studies have assessed the relationships between clinical E. faecalis strains; strains endemic to the health care setting; and community strains residing in humans, animals, or anim ...201122172303
chemical structure of wall teichoic acid isolated from enterococcus faecium strain u0317.wall teichoic acid (wta) was isolated from enterococcus faecium strain u0317 and structurally characterized using (1)h, (13)c, and (31)p nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional cosy, tocsy, roesy, hmqc, and hmbc experiments. further compositional determination was undertaken using classical chemical methods and hf treatment followed by glc and glc-ms analyses. the repeating unit of wta consisted of two residues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose, glycerol (gro), and phosphate, and has the st ...201122024569
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