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diastereomer-specific quantification of bioactive hexosylceramides from bacteria and mammals.mammals synthesize cell-type specifically the diastereomeric hexosylceramides β-galactosylceramide (β-galcer) and β-glucosylceramide (β-glccer), which are involved in several diseases such as sphingolipidosis, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, or cancer. in contrast bacteroides fragilis, a member of the human gut microbiome, and the marine sponge agelas mauritianus produce α-galactosylceramide (α-galcer), one of the most potent stimulators for inkt cells. to dissect the contribution of these in ...201728373486
biofilm colonization in chronic treatment refractory infections presenting with discharging sinuses: a study in a tertiary care hospital of eastern india.treatment refractory chronic recurrent infections mean those chronic infections which recur by same causal agents with similar drug responsiveness after apparent relief following full course of recommended antimicrobial management.201728367029
monoclonal antibodies specific for bacteroides fragilis enterotoxins bft1 and bft2 and their use in immunoassays.we have developed 22 mouse igg1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against bacteroides fragilis zinc metalloprotease toxins 1 and 2 (bft1 and bft2). mice were immunized with recombinant bft1 or bft2 proteins with metalloprotease activity. eight of the mabs bind specifically to bft1. one mab, 2h6, binds specifically to bft2. the remaining 13 mabs bind to both bft1 and bft2. the eight bft1-specific mabs recognize at least five different epitopes on the toxin. four of the bft1-specific mabs neutralized r ...201728257448
branimycins b and c, antibiotics produced by the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227.two new antibiotics, branimycins b (2) and c (3), were produced by fermentation of the abyssal actinobacterium pseudonocardia carboxydivorans m-227, isolated from deep seawater of the avilés submarine canyon. their structures were elucidated by hrms and nmr analyses. these compounds exhibit antibacterial activities against a panel of gram-positive bacteria, including corynebacterium urealyticum, clostridium perfringens, and micrococcus luteus, and against the gram-negative bacterium neisseria me ...201728169531
complete tetrasaccharide repeat unit biosynthesis of the immunomodulatory bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide a.capsular polysaccharide a (cpsa) is a four-sugar repeating unit polymer found on the surface of the gut symbiont bacteroides fragilis that has therapeutic potential in animal models of autoimmune disorders. this therapeutic potential has been credited to its zwitterionic character derived from a positively charged n-acetyl-4-aminogalactosamine (aadgal) and a negatively charged 4,6-o-pyruvylated galactose (pyrgal). in this report, using a fluorescent polyisoprenoid chemical probe, the complete en ...201728103676
respiration of microbiota-derived 1,2-propanediol drives salmonella expansion during colitis.intestinal inflammation caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium increases the availability of electron acceptors that fuel a respiratory growth of the pathogen in the intestinal lumen. here we show that one of the carbon sources driving this respiratory expansion in the mouse model is 1,2-propanediol, a microbial fermentation product. 1,2-propanediol utilization required intestinal inflammation induced by virulence factors of the pathogen. s. typhimurium used both aerobic and anaerobic ...201728056091
structural and functional analysis of bf2549, a padr-like transcription factor from bacteroides fragilis.a phenolic acid decarboxylase (padc) regulator, padr and its homologs proteins belong to the padr family. despite the growing numbers of the padr family members and their various roles in bacteria, such as detoxifications, drug transports and circadian rhythms, biochemical and biophysical studies of the padr family are very limited. thus, a ligand-induced regulatory mechanism of the padr family transcription factors remains to be elucidated. here, we report a crystal structure of a bacteroides f ...201728027933
mycotic aneurysm caused by bacteroides fragilis in an elderly immunosuppressed patient.an 82-year-old japanese man, who presented with a fever and abdominal pain, was admitted to our hospital. according to enhanced computed tomography images, the probable diagnosis was abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm. eight sets of blood cultures obtained from the patient were negative. despite administering treatment with vancomycin and ceftriaxone, the aneurysm progressively enlarged. he underwent open debridement surgery and in situ replacement because of an aneurysmal rupture. bacteroides fr ...201727904124
the underappreciated in vitro activity of tedizolid against bacteroides fragilis species, including strains resistant to metronidazole and carbapenems.because bacteroides fragilis has the ability to develop mechanisms of resistance to almost all antibiotics, we studied the comparative in vitro activity of tedizolid against 124 bacteroides group species clinical isolates, including carbapenem, metronidazole and piperacillin-tazobactam resistant strains. tedizolid had an mic90 of 2 μg/ml (range, 0.5-4 μg/ml) and was 1-4 times more active than linezolid that had an mic90 of 8 μg/ml (range, 2-16 μg/ml). it was also active (mics 0.5-2 μg/ml) agains ...201727713022
prevalence and characterization of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis and toxigenic clostridium difficile in a taipei emergency department.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) and toxin-encoding clostridium difficile (txcd) are associated with gastroenteritis. routine anaerobic blood culture for recovery of these anaerobic pathogens is not used for the detection of their toxins, especially for toxin-variant txcd. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of the genotypes of these anaerobes in patients with acute diarrheal illnesses.201725648668
nim gene-independent metronidazole-resistant bacteroides fragilis in surgical site infections.background:bacteroides fragilis is the most common anaerobic pathogen isolated from surgical site infections (ssis). metronidazole resistance is increasing and the mechanisms of resistance are not clear in some isolates. the aim of the present study was to investigate the metronidazole susceptibility prevalence, and detect nim genes in b. fragilis isolates from ssis. methods: this study included 100 surgery patients with signs and symptoms indicative of ssis. syringe aspiration of the infected s ...201728840093
secretory products of the human gi tract microbiome and their potential impact on alzheimer's disease (ad): detection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in ad hippocampus.although the potential contribution of the human gastrointestinal (gi) tract microbiome to human health, aging, and disease is becoming increasingly acknowledged, the molecular mechanics and signaling pathways of just how this is accomplished is not well-understood. major bacterial species of the gi tract, such as the abundant gram-negative bacilli bacteroides fragilis (b. fragilis) and escherichia coli (e. coli), secrete a remarkably complex array of pro-inflammatory neurotoxins which, when rel ...201728744452
orthopedic infections caused by obligatory anaerobic gram-negative rods: report of two cases.anaerobic bone and joint infections are uncommon, although the number of anaerobic infections is presumably underestimated because of difficulties with isolation and identification of obligate anaerobes. this study describes two cases of complicated bacteroides fragilis peri-implant infection of the lumbar spine, infection of the hip and osteomyelitis. bacteria were identified with the use of a mass spectrometer, vitek ms system. drug susceptibility was performed with the use of e-test. the euca ...201728730548
reactivity toward bifidobacterium longum and enterococcus hirae demonstrate robust cd8(+) t cell response and better prognosis in hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma.recent studies suggest that several bacterial species are involved in tumor immunosurveillance and antitumor immunity. the role of bacteria in immune responses in hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients is still unknown. in this study, we examined the bacteria-reactive cd8(+) t cell response in patients with hbv-related hcc. we found that circulating cd8(+) t cells from healthy individuals demonstrated minimal or zero specificity toward a series of commensals and bacteria previously ...201728694023
gut microbiota in health, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel diseases: time for microbial marker of gastrointestinal disorders?few data exist on differences in gut microbiota composition among principal gastrointestinal (gi) diseases. we evaluated the differences in gut microbiota composition among uncomplicated diverticular disease (dd), irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) patients. dd, ibs, and ibd patients along with healthy controls (ct) were enrolled in our italian gi outpatient clinic. stool samples were collected. microbiota composition was evaluated through a metagenomic gene-tar ...201728683448
in vitro/ in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of gatifloxacine-loaded plga and hydroxyapatite composite for treating osteomyelitis.molten 10 wt% gatifloxacine (glfx-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) was introduced into three-dimensionally interconnected pores and onto the surfaces of hydroxyapatite (ha) granules. the composite granules exhibited clinically sufficient bactericidal activities against streptococcus milleri and bacteroides fragilis from 3 h to 10 days. the composite granules were implanted in bone defects created by debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in rabbit mandibles. after 4-week implantation, infl ...201728626206
tlr2-stimulating contaminants in glycoconjugate fractions prepared from bacteroides fragilis.bacteroides fragilis is a member of the normal intestinal flora and is involved in host immunostimulation via tlr2. on the bacterial cell surface, glycoconjugates, such as lps and capsular polysaccharide a (psa), have been reported to participate in host immunostimulation via tlr2. previously, we identified a tlr2-stimulating lipoprotein in b. fragilis cells. in this study, we demonstrated that tlr2-stimulating principal molecules in glycoconjugate fractions prepared from b. fragilis are contami ...201728606014
optimization of cord blood unit sterility testing: impact of dilution, analysis delay, and inhibitory substances.different methods are used by cord blood banks to prepare samples for sterility testing. suboptimal methods can result in the release of contaminated products. in our organization, samples are prepared by diluting the final product in rpmi-1640 medium. in this work, we have compared our method with different approaches to verify whether optimization should be sought.201728474347
role of dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance of capnocytophaga spp. clinical isolates and laboratory mutants.capnocytophaga spp. are often reported to cause bacteraemia and extra-oral infections and are characterized by their significant contribution to resistance to β-lactam and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics in the human oral microbiota. the implication of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of dna gyrase a and b ( gyra and gyrb ) and topoisomerase iv ( parc and pare ) of fluoroquinolone (fq)-resistant capnocytophaga spp., hitherto unknown, was explored in ...201728453633
what the eyes don't see, the heart does grieve over.a 71 year old peruvian woman presented with blurry vision and bilateral eye pain and had evidence of bilateral endophthalmitis on eye examination. her past medical history was notable for multiple abdominal surgeries within the preceding months, including an incarcerated inguinal hernia repair which required an ileostomy placement, and cholecystitis requiring cholecystostomy tube placement. over her multiple long hospitalizations, she developed bacteremia and fungemia on several occasions, with ...201728414678
antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from surgical site infections in japan: comparison of data from nationwide surveillance studies conducted in 2010 and 2014-2015.a nationwide survey was conducted in japan from 2014 to 2015 to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from surgical site infections (ssi). the resulting data were compared with that obtained in an earlier survey, conducted in 2010. seven main organisms were collected, and 883 isolates were studied. a significant reduction in methicillin resistance was observed among staphylococcus aureus isolates, dropping from 72.5% in 2010 to 53.8% in 2014-2015 (p < 0.001). mrsa is ...201728391954
inactivation of marr gene homologs increases susceptibility to antimicrobials in bacteroides fragilis.bacteroides fragilis is the strict anaerobic bacteria most commonly found in human infections, and has a high mortality rate. among other virulence factors, the remarkable ability to acquire resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents and to tolerate nanomolar concentrations of oxygen explains in part their success in causing infection and colonizing the mucosa. much attention has been given to genes related to multiple drug resistance derived from plasmids, integrons or transposon, but such ...201728847541
in vitro anaerobic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to simulate the bactericidal activity of levornidazole against bacteroides fragilis.this study was designed to correlate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) parameters with pd indices of levornidazole against bacteroides fragilis and to calculate the pk/pd target value for levornidazole to attain its expected maximal bactericidal effect using an in vitro anaerobic dynamic pk/pd model.201728363695
assessment of swine-specific bacteriophages of bacteroides fragilis in swine farms with different antibiotic practices.we assessed the occurrence and specificity of bacteriophages of bacteroides fragilis in swine farms for their potential application in microbial source tracking. a local b. fragilis host strain, sp25 (dsm29413), was isolated from a pooled swine feces sample taken from a non-antibiotic farm. this strain was highly specific to swine fecal materials because it did not detect bacteriophages in any samples from human sewage, sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, and cats. the reference b. fragilis strain, ryc2 ...201728362306
rapid detection of cfia metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteroides fragilis by the combination of maldi-tof ms and carbanp.carbapenem resistance in bacteroides fragilis is emerging and is mainly attributed to insertion sequence (is)-mediated activation of the carbapenemase gene cfia. we investigated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and the carbanp assay for the rapid identification of these strains.201728360188
we are not alone: a case for the human microbiome in extra intestinal diseases."dysbiosis" in the gut microbiome has been implicated in auto-immune diseases, in inflammatory diseases, in some cancers and mental disorders. the challenge is to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of dysbiosis so as to understand the disease manifestation.201728286571
phenotypic detection of the cfia metallo-β-lactamase in bacteroides fragilis with the meropenem-edta double-ended etest and the rosco kpc/mbl confirm kit.to investigate the performance of the meropenem and imipenem double-ended etest ± edta and the tablet-based (meropenem and meropenem + dipicolinic acid) kpc/mbl confirm kit to detect cfia metallo-β-lactamase (mbl) in bacteroides fragilis.201727798215
association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly.the pathway leading from amyloid-β deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad). however, what drives amyloid buildup in sporadic nongenetic cases of ad is still unknown. ad brains feature an inflammatory reaction around amyloid plaques, and a specific subset of the gut microbiota (gmb) may promote brain inflammation. we investigated the possible role of the gmb in ad pathogenesis by studying the association of brain amyloidos ...201727776263
bacteroides fragilis endocarditis: a case report and review of literature.endocarditis due to bacteroides fragilis is a rare disorder. this article describes a case of bacteroides fragilis endocarditis associated with portal and superior mesenteric venous thrombosis in a patient without preexisting valvular heart disease and review the cases of endocarditis due to this anaerobic bacterium in medical literature since 1980.201722358367
case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis.xanthogranulomatous inflammation is characterized by destruction of the tissues of the organ involved and replacement by chronic inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, occasional neutrophils with or without multinucleated or touton giant cells. exact aetiology is not known but the theory of infection with organisms like proteus, e coli, and bacteroides fragilis is most popular. xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract is not common and usually involves the endo ...201728712201
effect of soy isoflavones on growth of representative bacterial species from the human gut.the present work aimed to assess the susceptibility of dominant and representative bacterial populations from the human gut to isoflavones and their metabolites. to do so, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of isoflavone glycosides, isoflavone aglycones, and equol to 37 bacterial strains was determined by broth microdilution. additionally, for 10 representative strains, growth curves, growth rate (μ), and optical density (od600 nm) of the cultures at 24 h were also determined. mics of da ...201728698467
outer membrane vesicles secreted by pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteroides fragilis represent different metabolic activities.numerous studies are devoted to the intestinal microbiota and intercellular communication maintaining homeostasis. in this regard, vesicles secreted by bacteria represent one of the most popular topics for research. for example, the outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of bacteroides fragilis play an important nutritional role with respect to other microorganisms and promote anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. however, toxigenic b. fragilis (etbf) contributes to bowel disease, even causing colo ...201728694488
bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induces the formation of autophagosomes in endothelial cells but interferes their autophagosomal fusion with lysosomes for complete autophagic flux through a mitogen-activated protein kinase, ap-1, and c/ebp homologous protein-dependent pathway.bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin (bft), a virulence factor of enterotoxigenic b. fragilis (etbf), plays an essential role in mucosal inflammation. although autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse infectious diseases, little is known about autophagy in etbf infection. this study was conducted to investigate the role of bft in the autophagic process in endothelial cells (ecs). stimulation of human umbilical vein ecs (huvecs) with bft increased lc3-ii conversion from lc3-i and protein ...201728694294
bioluminescence imaging to track bacteroides fragilis inhibition of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in mice.bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic, gram-negative, commensal bacterium of the human gut. it plays an important role in promoting the maturation of the immune system, as well as suppressing abnormal inflammation. many recent studies have focused on the relationship between b. fragilis and human immunity, and indicate that b. fragilis has many useful probiotic effects. as inhibition of intestinal pathogens is an important characteristic of probiotic strains, this study examined whether b. fragil ...201728553617
association between yogurt consumption and intestinal microbiota in healthy young adults differs by host gender.human intestinal microbiota are influenced by various factors viz. diet, environment, age, gender, geographical, and socioeconomic situation, etc. among which diet has the most profound impact. however, studies investigating this impact have mostly included subjects from diverse geographic/socioeconomic backgrounds and hence the precise effects of dietary factors on gut microbiota composition remain largely confounded. herein, with an aim to evaluate the association between dietary habits, speci ...201728553274
nimh, a novel nitroimidazole resistance gene contributing to metronidazole resistance in bacteroides fragilis. 201728535278
the sialate o-acetylesterase esta from gut bacteroidetes species enables sialidase-mediated cross-species foraging of 9-o-acetylated sialoglycans.the gut harbors many symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic microbes that break down and metabolize host carbohydrates. sialic acids are prominent outermost carbohydrates on host glycoproteins called mucins and protect underlying glycan chains from enzymatic degradation. sialidases produced by some members of the colonic microbiota can promote the expansion of several potential pathogens (e.g. clostridium difficile, salmonella, and escherichia coli) that do not produce sialidases. o-acetyl ester m ...201728526748
antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis group organisms in hong kong by the tentative eucast disc diffusion method.this study used a recently developed eucast disc diffusion method to measure the susceptibility of 741 b. fragilis group isolates to six antibiotics. isolates nonsusceptible to imipenem and metronidazole by the disc method were further investigated by e-test. species identification was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), pcr assays and 16s rrna sequencing. the most common species were b. fragilis (n = 424, including 81 division ...201728414107
safety evaluation of a novel strain of bacteroides fragilis.commensal non-toxigenic bacteroides fragilis confers powerful health benefits to the host, and has recently been identified as a promising probiotic candidate. we previously isolated b. fragilis strain zy-312 and identified it as a novel strain based on 16s rrna sequencing and morphological analyses. we also determined that zy-312 displayed desirable probiotic properties, including tolerance to simulated digestive fluid, adherence, and in vitro safety. in this study, we aim to investigate whethe ...201728367145
antimicrobial resistance in the bacteroides fragilis group in faecal microbiota from healthy danish children.the bacteroides fragilis group constitute a significant portion of the human gut microbiota and comprise a major proportion of anaerobic bacteria isolated in human infections. we established a baseline of antimicrobial susceptibility rates in the b. fragilis group in the intestinal tract of relatively antibiotic-naive healthy danish children. from 174 faecal samples collected from children attending day care, 359 non-duplicate isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility. of these, 0. ...201728366659
the symbiotic bacterial surface factor polysaccharide a on bacteroides fragilis inhibits il-1β-induced inflammation in human fetal enterocytes via toll receptors 2 and 4.colonizing bacteria interacting with the immature, unlike the mature, human intestine favors inflammation over immune homeostasis. as a result, ten percent of premature infants under 1500 grams weight develop an inflammatory necrosis of the intestine after birth, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). nec is a major health problem in this population causing extensive morbidity and mortality and an enormous expenditure of health care dollars. nec can be prevented by giving preterm infants their m ...201728278201
suppression of colorectal tumorigenesis by recombinant bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-2 in vivo.to evaluate the impact of recombinant bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-2 (bft-2, or fragilysin) on colorectal tumorigenesis in mice induced by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (aom/dss).201728216966
modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids.lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ...201728080049
collateral damage: insights into bacterial mechanisms that predispose host cells to cancer.infections are estimated to contribute to 20% of all human tumours. viruses are known to induce cell transformation, but evidence has also linked bacteria, such as helicobacter pylori and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi, to different cancer types. in addition, chlamydia trachomatis, fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis are associated with the development of cancer, although a causal relationship has not yet been established. bacterial effectors such as colibactin an ...201728045107
clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteremia in an acute care hospital.this study investigated the clinical features of anaerobic bacteraemia in an acute-care hospital, and evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates to commonly available antibiotics. microbiological and epidemiological data from 2009 to 2011were extracted from the laboratory information system and electronic medical records. one hundred and eleven unique patient episodes consisting of 116 anaerobic isolates were selected for clinical review and antibiotic susceptibility testing. s ...201727890724
[the effect of oxygen on endotoxin production in bacteria of the bacteroides fragilis group isolated from patients with colorectal carcinoma].the aim of the study was to draw attention to the risk posed by anaerobic bacteria of the bacteroides fragilis (bafr) group, isolated particularly from abdominal lesions, and to assess the possible role of these species in colorectal cancer. a correlation has previously been suggested between the detection of the bacteria of the genus bacteroides in patients on a meat-based diet and intestinal and, in particular, colorectal cancer. given that the species of the bafr group are major producers of ...201727467330
the myeloid immune signature of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis-induced murine colon tumorigenesis.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf), a human commensal and candidate pathogen in colorectal cancer (crc), is a potent initiator of interleukin-17 (il-17)-dependent colon tumorigenesis in min(apc+/-) mice. we examined the role of il-17 and etbf on the differentiation of myeloid cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mdscs) and tumor-associated macrophages, which are known to promote tumorigenesis. the myeloid compartment associated with etbf-induced colon tumorigenesis in min mice w ...201727301879
septic abortion presenting as a right lower trapezius abscess secondary to bacteroides fragilis bacteraemia.a 43-year-old japanese woman was evaluated in the outpatient department for right shoulder pain and fever, which began 5 days earlier. mri of the right shoulder revealed a high-intensity area deep in the right trapezius muscle. aspiration revealed purulent fluid, and gram staining of the fluid showed gram-negative bacilli. the patient was also found to be profoundly anaemic and to have a positive urine pregnancy test. on admission, we initiated intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and aztreonam. she ...201728827296
anaerobic bacteria growth in the presence of cathelicidin ll-37 and selected ceragenins delivered as magnetic nanoparticles cargo.cationic antibacterial peptides (caps) and synthetic molecules mimicking the amphiphilic structure of caps, such as ceragenins, are promising compounds for the development of new antimicrobials.201728747178
the association of type ii diabetes with gut microbiota composition.it is known that type 2 diabetes (t2d) in humans could be linked to the composition of gut microbiota. the aim of this study was to evaluate three faecal bacterial species, including bacteroides fragilis, bifidobacterium longum and faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with t2d. this case control study included 18 patients with t2d and 18 matched persons without diabetes. the concentrations of b. fragilis, b. longum and f. prausnitzii were determined by quantitative real-time pcr. quantitativ ...201728739439
phosphonodifluoropyruvate is a mechanism-based inhibitor of phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase from bacteroides fragilis.bacteroides fragilis, a human pathogen, helps in the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses and is involved in 90% of anaerobic peritoneal infections. phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase (pnpdc), a thiamin diphosphate (thdp)-dependent enzyme, plays a key role in the formation of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, a component of the cell wall of b. fragilis. as such pnpdc is a possible target for therapeutic intervention in this, and other phosphonate producing organisms. however, the enzyme is of more general ...201728693916
tlr2 and interleukin-10 are involved in bacteroides fragilis-mediated prevention of dss-induced colitis in gnotobiotic mice.bacteroides fragilis (bf) are gram-negative anaerobe symbionts present in the colon. recent studies have reported the beneficial role of bf in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, stimulating host immunologic development, and preventing infectious colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria. our previous studies showed that monocolonization of germ-free mice with bf significantly reduced colon inflammations and damage.201728683149
the effects of the lactobacillus casei strain on obesity in children: a pilot study.there are few data regarding the role of probiotics as a dietary intervention in the management of obesity in children. an open prospective examination was conducted to clarify the effects of lactobacillus casei strain shirota (lcs)-containing beverages in obese children. we compared the intestinal microbiota and organic acid levels between 12 obese (average age, 10.8 years; body mass index (bmi) z score, 2.7±1.7) and 22 control children(average age, 8.5 years; bmi z score, 0.1±0.7), and pre- an ...201728618860
implementation of the new virtuo blood culture system: evaluation and comparison to the 3d system using simulated blood cultures.to evaluate the performances of the newly approved bact/alert virtuo blood culture system for the recovery of bloodstream pathogens and compare it to the bact/alert 3d system.201728583022
gut dysbiosis following c-section instigates higher colonisation of toxigenic clostridium perfringens in infants.herein we investigated the intestinal carriage of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens during infancy, focusing on its association with other gut microbes and mode of delivery and feeding. faecal samples from 89 healthy term infants were collected at age 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years. c. perfringens was quantified by qpcr; other gut bacteria were quantified by reverse-transcription-qpcr. alpha-toxigenic c. perfringens was detected in 3.4% infants at day 7 but ...201728504574
[effect of silver nanoparticles on anaerobic bacteria].the aim was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on anaerobic bacteria.201728467592
anaerobic utilization of fe(iii)-xenosiderophores among bacteroides species and the distinct assimilation of fe(iii)-ferrichrome by bacteroides fragilis within the genus.in this study, we show that bacteroides species utilize fe(iii)-xenosiderophores as the only source of exogenous iron to support growth under iron-limiting conditions in vitro anaerobically. bacteroides fragilis was the only species able to utilize fe(iii)-ferrichrome while bacteroides vulgatus atcc 8482 and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron vpi 5482 were able to utilize both fe(iii)-enterobactin and fe(iii)-salmochelin s4 as the only source of iron in a dose-dependent manner. we have investigated th ...201728397401
noninvasive imaging of colitis using multispectral optoacoustic tomography.currently, several noninvasive modalities, including mri and pet, are being investigated to identify early intestinal inflammation, longitudinally monitor disease status, or detect dysplastic changes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. here, we assess the applicability and utility of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (msot) in evaluating the presence and severity of colitis. methods: c57b/6 mice were untreated or treated with bacteroides fragilis and antibiotic-mediated depletion of ...201727908970
interaction of bacteroides fragilis toxin with outer membrane vesicles reveals new mechanism of its secretion and delivery.the only recognized virulence factor of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) that accompanies bloodstream infections is the zinc-dependent non-lethal metalloprotease b. fragilis toxin (bft). the isolated toxin stimulates intestinal secretion, resulting in epithelial damage and necrosis. numerous publications have focused on the interrelation of bft with intestinal inflammation and colorectal neoplasia, but nothing is known about the mechanism of its secretion and delivery to host cells. h ...201728144586
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout mice exhibit aberrant gastrointestinal microbiota.the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome is increasingly recognized as a crucial contributor to immune and metabolic homeostasis-deficiencies in which are characteristic of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the murine model (cftr (-/-) , cf), has, in previous studies, demonstrated characteristic cf gastrointestinal (gi) manifestations including slowed transit and significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation. to determine if characteristics of the microbiome are associate ...201723060053
an active principle of nigella sativa l., thymoquinone, showing significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria.thymoquinone (tq) is the major active principle of nigella sativa seed (black seed) and is known to control many fungi, bacteria, and some viruses. however, the activity of tq against anaerobic bacteria is not well demonstrated. anaerobic bacteria can cause severe infections, including diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, and brain abscess, particularly in immunodeficient individuals. the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tq against some anaerobic pathogens in ...201728163966
colonization with enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis is associated with early-stage colorectal neoplasia.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) is a toxin-producing bacteria thought to possibly promote colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. here, we aim to examine the association of colonic mucosal colonization with etbf and the presence of a range of lesions on the colonic neoplastic spectrum.201728151975
fatal sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteroides fragilis, harboring a cfia gene and an upstream insertion sequence element, in japan.here, we report a case of fatal sepsis resulting from an intra-abdominal infection caused by a bacteroides fragilis strain containing a cfia4 metallo-β-lactamase and an upstream insertion sequence (is) element. meropenem was used as empiric therapy for septic shock as a result of the intra-abdominal infection, although two rounds of carbapenem treatment had been administered previously. b. fragilis was isolated from two anaerobic blood culture bottles 4 days after the onset of septic shock. susc ...201728108390
colorectal carcinoma: a general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer.colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. most cases of crc are detected in western countries, with its incidence increasing year by year. the probability of suffering from colorectal cancer is about 4%-5% and the risk for developing crc is associated with personal features or habits such as age, chronic disease history and lifestyle. in this context, the gut microbiota has a relevant role, and dysbiosis situations can induc ...201728106826
trends in antimicrobial resistance among bacteroides species and parabacteroides species in the united states from 2010-2012 with comparison to 2008-2009.the susceptibility trends for bacteroides fragilis and related species against various antibiotics were determined using data from 3 years of surveillance (2010-2012) on 779 isolates referred by 7 medical centers. the antibiotic test panel included imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, linezolid, chloramphenicol and . mics were determined using the agar dilution clsi reference method. carbapenem resistanc ...201727867083
a novel selective medium for isolation of bacteroides fragilis from clinical specimens.a novel bacteroides fragilis selective (bfs) medium, consisting of a brain heart infusion agar base supplemented with yeast extract, cysteine hydrochloride, bile salts, vitamin k, hemin, glucose, esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, bromothymol blue, gentamicin, kanamycin, and novobiocin, was evaluated. when bfs agar was tested with a collection of 303 bacteria of different genera, it allowed the growth of b. fragilis as large yellow colonies, with blackening of the medium after 48 h of anaerobic i ...201727852672
gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach.there is evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is affected by gut microbiota. therefore, we investigated its modifications in pediatric nafld patients using targeted metagenomics and metabolomics. stools were collected from 61 consecutive patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver (nafl), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), or obesity and 54 healthy controls (ctrls), matched in a case-control fashion. operational taxonomic units were pyrosequenced targeting 16s ribosomal ...201727028797
enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis from fecal microbiota of children.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) is an important part of the human and animal intestinal microbiota and is commonly associated with diarrhea. etbf strains produce an enterotoxin encoded by the bft gene located in the b. fragilis pathogenicity island (bfpai). non-enterotoxigenic b. fragilis (ntbf) strains lack the bfpai and usually show two different genetic patterns, ii and iii, based on the absence or presence of a bfpai-flanking region, respectively. the incidence of etbf and ntbf s ...201726691473
ontogenesis of the gut microbiota composition in healthy, full-term, vaginally born and breast-fed infants over the first 3 years of life: a quantitative bird's-eye view.early-life intestinal microbiota development is crucial for host's long-term health and is influenced by many factors including gestational age, birth and feeding modes, birth environment, ethnic/geographical background, etc. however, 'quantitative' data on the actual population levels of gut bacterial communities when these influences are controlled for is relatively rare. herein, we demonstrate a quantitative perspective of microbiota development in natural and healthy milieus, i.e., in health ...201728785253
determination of the mutation prevention concentration of imipenem for the two imipenem susceptible bacteroides fragilis strains q1f2 (cfia-positive) and atcc 25282 (cfia-negative). 201728782706
a prospective randomised trial of isolated pathogens of surgical site infections (ssi).every surgical wound is colonized by bacteria, but only a small percentage displays symptoms of infection. the distribution of pathogens isolated in surgical site infections has not significantly changed over the last decades. staph. aureus, coag(-) staphylococci, enterococcus spp and e. coli are the main strains appearing. in addition, a continuously rising proportion of surgical site infections caused by resistant bacterial species (mrsa, c. albicans) has been reported.201728761643
detection of enterotoxin and protease genes among hungarian clinical bacteroides fragilis isolates.bacteroides fragilis as a commensal bacterium is a member of the human intestinal flora, but as an opportunistic pathogen it can cause serious infections as well. some of them, harbouring an enterotoxin gene (bft), may cause diarrhoea mainly in young children. recently it has been shown that a member of c11 proteases called fragipain (fpn) can activate the enterotoxin, while c10 protease (bfp) is suspected of playing an important role in the invasiveness of the b. fragilis isolates. the objectiv ...201728754475
oral il-10 suppresses colon carcinogenesis via elimination of pathogeniccd4(+) t-cells and induction of antitumor cd8(+) t-cell activity.an oral sustained-release formulation of interleukin-10 suppressed tumor growth and enhanced survival in the apc(min/+)/bacteroides fragilis spontaneous colon cancer model. therapeutic benefit was associated with a 5-fold reduction in cd4(+)rorγt(+)foxp3(-)il-17(+) t-helper cell, cd4(+)rorγt(+)foxp3(+)il-17(+) pathogenic t-regulatory cell and cd4(+)rorγt(-)foxp3(+)il-17(-) conventional t-regulatory cell numbers and a concurrent 2-fold enhancement in cd8(+) t-cell activity in the colon. selective ...201728680752
corrigendum: interaction of bacteroides fragilis toxin with outer membrane vesicles reveals new mechanism of its secretion and delivery.[this corrects the article on p. 2 in vol. 7, pmid: 28144586.].201728670574
extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal cancer in conjunction with microbiota: on the border of kingdoms.extracellular vesicle (ev) production is a universal feature of metazoan cells as well as prokaryotes (bmvs - bacterial microvesicles). they are small vesicles with phospholipid membrane carrying proteins, dna and different classes of rnas and are heavily involved in intercellular communication acting as vectors of information to target cells. for the last decade, the interest in ev research has exponentially increased though thorough studies of their roles in various pathologies that was not pr ...201728669749
prevalences of antimicrobial resistance and the cfia resistance gene in danish bacteroides fragilis group isolates since 1973.the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalences of resistance and the cfia carbapenemase-producing gene in historical bacteroides fragilis group isolates.201728666749
the bacteroides fragilis pathogenicity island links virulence and strain competition.the mature microbiome is a stable ecosystem that resists perturbation despite constant host exposure to exogenous microbes. however, the microbial mechanisms determining microbiome development and composition are poorly understood. we recently demonstrated that a non-toxigenic b. fragilis (ntbf) strain restricts enteric colonization by an enterotoxigenic (etbf) strain dependent on a type vi secretion system (t6ss). we show here that a second enterotoxigenic strain is competent to colonize, depen ...201728632016
antimicrobial resistance in the bacteroides fragilis group in faecal samples from patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.members of the bacteroides fragilis group are opportunistic pathogens and cause severe infections including bacteraemia. as increased levels of antimicrobial resistance in b. fragilis group bacteria can be detected years after administration of specific antibiotics, monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility in the gut microbiota could be important. the objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the distribution of species and the occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in the b. fr ...201728445776
comparative antimicrobial efficacy of selected root canal irrigants on commonly isolated microorganisms in endodontic infection.this study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three selected root canal irrigants (biopure mtad, metronidazole, aztreonam) against microbes commonly isolated from polymicrobial microbiota of root canal infection.201728435359
evaluation of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in a slovenian tertiary-care hospital in 2015.the aim of our study was to determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 2673 clinically significant anaerobic bacteria belonging to the major genera, isolated in 2015 in a large tertiary-care hospital in slovenia. the species identification was performed by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined immediately at the isolation of the strains against: penicillin, co-amoxiclav, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole, using gradient diffusion methodology and ...201728433670
azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and 5-aminosalicylic acid affect the growth of ibd-associated campylobacter species and other enteric microbes.campylobacter concisus is a bacterium that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). immunosuppressive drugs including azathioprine (aza) and mercaptopurine (mp), and anti-inflammatory drug such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-asa) are commonly used to treat patients with ibd. this study aimed to examine the effects of aza, mp, and 5-asa on the growth of ibd-associated bacterial species and to identify bacterial enzymes involved in immunosuppressive drug metabolism. a total of 15 bacteria ...201728424670
synthesis of β-galactooligosaccharide using bifidobacterial β-galactosidase purified from recombinant escherichia coli.galactooligosaccharides (gos) are known to be selectively utilized by bifidobacterium, which can bring about healthy changes of the composition of intestinal microflora. in this study, β-gos are synthesized using bifidobacterial β-galactosidase(g1) purified from recombinant e. coli with a high gos yield and with high productivity and enhanced bifidogenic activity. the purified recombinant g1 showed maximum production of β-gos at ph 8.5 and 45°c. a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time ...201728535609
porous poly(dl-lactic acid) matrix film with antimicrobial activities for wound dressing application.poly(lactic acid) (pla) is polymeric biomaterial that has been used for wound dressing due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. however, pla has some limitations including poor toughness, low degradation rate and high hydrophobicity. the aim of this study is to develop an antibiotic drug-loaded pla porous film as wound dressing with antibacterial activity. pla porous film was fabricated by temperature change technique using solvent casting method. polyethylene glycol (peg) 400 was added ...201626478412
high occurrence of fusobacterium nucleatum and clostridium difficile in the intestinal microbiota of colorectal carcinoma patients.colorectal carcinoma is considered the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. several microorganisms have been associated with carcinogenesis, including enterococcus spp., helicobacter pylori, enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis, pathogenic e. coli strains and oral fusobacterium. here we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the presence of oral and intestinal microorganisms in the fecal microbiota of colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. seventeen patients (between 49 ...201626691472
differential decomposition of bacterial and viral fecal indicators in common human pollution types.understanding the decomposition of microorganisms associated with different human fecal pollution types is necessary for proper implementation of many water quality management practices, as well as predicting associated public health risks. here, the decomposition of select cultivated and molecular indicators of fecal pollution originating from fresh human feces, septage, and primary effluent sewage in a subtropical marine environment was assessed over a six day period with an emphasis on the in ...201627693971
comparison of standard, quantitative and digital pcr in the detection of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis.gut colonization with enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) appears to be associated with the development of colorectal cancer. however, differences in carriage rates are seen with various testing methods and sampling sites. we compared standard pcr, sybr green and taqman quantitative pcr (qpcr) and digital pcr (dpcr) in detecting the b. fragilis toxin (bft) gene from cultured etbf, and from matched luminal and faecal stool samples from 19 colorectal cancer patients. bland-altman analysis ...201627686415
increased enterococcus faecalis infection is associated with clinically active crohn disease.this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the abundance of pathogenic gut microbes in chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and disease severity.we collected clinical data and fecal samples from 47 therapy-naive chinese patients with ulcerative colitis (uc), 67 patients with crohn disease (cd), and 48 healthy volunteers. bacteria levels of fusobacterium species (spp), enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (b fragilis), enteropathogenic escherichia coli (e c ...201627684872
substrate specificity characterization for eight putative nudix hydrolases. evaluation of criteria for substrate identification within the nudix family.the nearly 50,000 known nudix proteins have a diverse array of functions, of which the most extensively studied is the catalyzed hydrolysis of aberrant nucleotide triphosphates. the functions of 171 nudix proteins have been characterized to some degree, although physiological relevance of the assayed activities has not always been conclusively demonstrated. we investigated substrate specificity for eight structurally characterized nudix proteins, whose functions were unknown. these proteins were ...201627618147
efficient and regioselective synthesis of globotriose by a novel α-galactosidase from bacteroides fragilis.globotriose (galα1-4galβ1-4glc) is an important cell surface epitope that acts as the receptor for shiga-like toxins, and it is also the core structure of globo h and ssea4 that are tumor-associated glycans. hence, the enzymatic synthesis of globotriose would be necessary for the development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics for bacterial infections and cancers. here, a novel gh27 α-galactosidase gene (agabf3s), a 1521-bp dna encoding 506 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 57.7 kda ...201627020280
effect of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of gut bacteria to human ht-29 cells.the influence of five oligosaccharides (cellobiose, stachyose, raffinose, lactulose and chito-oligosaccharides) on the adhesion of eight gut bacteria (bifidobacterium bifidum atcc 29521, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron atcc 29148d-5, clostridium leptum atcc 29065, blautia coccoides atcc 29236, faecalibacterium prausnitzii atcc 27766, bacteroides fragilis atcc 23745, clostridium difficile atcc 43255 and lactobacillus casei atcc 393) to mucous secreting and non-mucous secreting ht-29 human epithelial ...201627018325
efficacy of vancomycin extended-dosing regimens for treatment of simulated clostridium difficile infection within an in vitro human gut model.effects of two vancomycin extended-dosing regimens on microbiota populations within an in vitro gut model of simulated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) were evaluated.201626755495
association of systemic sclerosis with a unique colonic microbial consortium.to compare colonic microbial composition in systemic sclerosis (ssc) patients and healthy controls and to determine whether certain microbial genera are associated with gastrointestinal (gi) tract symptoms in patients with ssc.201626749064
oral administration of synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 improves growth performance and cecal microbial flora and down-regulates the expression of intestinal toll-like receptor-4 and inflammatory cytokines in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.synthetic porcine beta-defensin-2 (pbd-2) was tested as an alternative to antimicrobial growth-promoters in pig production. thirty 21-day weaned piglets were challenged with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, and orally dosed with either sterile water (con), pbd-2 (bd) or neomycin sulphate (ns) twice daily for 21 days. pbd-2 and ns led to higher growth performance, jejunum villus height and increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-i compared with the con group (p < 0.05). hemolytic e. c ...201626707031
[postoperative necrotizing fasciitis: a rare and fatal complication].postoperative parietal complications can be exceptionally severe and serious threatening vital prognosis. necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection of the skin and deep subcutaneous tissues, spreading along fascia and adipose tissue. it is mainly caused by group a streptococcus (streptococcus pyogenes) but also by other bacteria such as vibrio vulnificus, clostridium perfringens or bacteroides fragilis. necrotizing fasciitis is a real surgical and medical emergency. we report, in this study, a v ...201627279950
critical evaluation of ceftolozane-tazobactam for complicated urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections.the rise in resistant gram-negative pathogens continues to challenge clinicians treating infections. these resistant infections have inspired the development of new antimicrobial agents, including ceftolozane-tazobactam, a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cutis) and complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais) in combination with metronidazole. ceftolozane exhibits bacteri ...201627279744
evaluation of vitek matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of anaerobes.rapid and adequate identification of anaerobic bacterial species still presents a challenge for most diagnostic laboratories, hindering the selection of appropriate therapy. in this study, the identification capacity of 16s rrna sequence analysis, vitek 2 (biomérieux, lyon, france) compact analysis and vitek ms-mediated identification for anaerobic bacterial species was compared. eighty-five anaerobic bacterial isolates from 11 provinces in china belonging to 14 genera were identified by these t ...201627278253
emergence and evolution of an international cluster of mdr bacteroides fragilis isolates.the aim of this study was to examine the antibiotic resistance profiles, antibiotic resistance mechanisms and possible 'clonal' nature of some mdr bacteroides fragilis strains that simultaneously harboured cfia, nimb, is1186 and is4351.201627246231
[expression of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis and polyketide synthase gene-expressing escherichia coli in colorectal adenoma patients].to investigate the distribution of various bacteria in adenoma tissue of colorectal adenoma (t/cra), normal colonic mucosa tissue adjacent to the adenoma (n/cra), and healthy colonic mucosa tissue (n/h) by comparing the number of total bacteria, bacteroides fragilis (bf), enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf), polyketide synthase (pks) gene-expressing escherichia coli(e.coli)(pks(+) e. coli)among the above 3 types of tissues.201627045721
anaerobic bacteremia: impact of inappropriate therapy on mortality.investigation on incidence and mortality of anaerobic bacteremia (ab) is clinically relevant in spite of its infrequent occurrence and not often explored, which report varies according to period and institutions. therefore, it is necessary to analyze the incidence and risk factors related to mortality and assess clinical outcomes of ab in current aspect.201627433379
the dysregulation of polyamine metabolism in colorectal cancer is associated with overexpression of c-myc and c/ebpβ rather than enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis infection.colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. it is well known that the chronic inflammation can promote the progression of colorectal cancer (crc). recently, a number of studies revealed a potential association between colorectal inflammation, cancer progression, and infection caused by enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf). bacterial enterotoxin activates spermine oxidase (smo), which produces spermidine and h2o2 as byproducts of polyamine catabolism, which, in turn, ...201627433286
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