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rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in croatia: implications for travel medicine.to review the current state of knowledge concerning rickettsiae and rickettsioses in croatia and to discuss their implications for travellers.201727404664
rickettsialpox in a pediatric patient.rickettsialpox is a rare vector-borne rickettsiosis that manifests in hosts living in urban populations, particularly in new york city. the following is a case discussion of a 12-year-old girl with history of fever and right-ankle swelling. she was initially evaluated and treated for cellulitis. she later developed a maculopapular rash completing the classic triad for rickettsialpox: black eschar, papular rash, and fever. her convalescent rickettsial titers returned positive, confirming the diag ...201728353525
new way of purification of pathogenic rickettsiae reducing health risks.in general, cultivation and purification of intracellular pathogenic rickettsiae represents a risk for laboratory personnel due to exposure to highly infectious aerosol or accidental inoculation during these procedures. in this study, we describe an alternative, effective and time saving technique for rickettsial purification using digitonin to release intracellular bacteria from host cell without physical disruption. no significant differences were noted in yield and infectivity between digiton ...201627265472
zoonotic and vector-borne infections among urban homeless and marginalized people in the united states and europe, 1990-2014.in high-income countries, homeless individuals in urban areas often live in crowded conditions with limited sanitation and personal hygiene. the environment of homelessness in high-income countries may result in intensified exposure to ectoparasites and urban wildlife, which can transmit infections. to date, there have been no systematic evaluations of the published literature to assess vector-borne and zoonotic disease risk to these populations.201627159039
rickettsioses in europe.bacteria of the genera rickettsia and orientia (family rickettsiaceae, order rickettsiales) cause rickettsioses worldwide, and are transmitted by lice, fleas, ticks and mites. in europe, only rickettsia spp. cause rickettsioses. with improvement of hygiene, the risk of louse-borne rickettsiosis (epidemic typhus) is low in europe. nevertheless, recrudescent form of rickettsia prowazekii infection persists. there could be an epidemic typhus outbreak if a body lice epidemic occurs under unfavorable ...201626384814
chlorpromazine and the untreated chronic schizophrenic: a long-term trial. 20164862704
rare diseases, old drug, new knowledge. 20164710441
[the use of ethanisylate in minimal bronchopulmonary hemorrhages]. 20164807495
[case of ovarian thecoma]. 20154350562
[study on anxiety during dental treatment]. 20154405523
disparities in reportable communicable disease incidence by census tract-level poverty, new york city, 2006-2013.we described disparities in selected communicable disease incidence across area-based poverty levels in new york city, an area with more than 8 million residents and pronounced household income inequality.201526180961
new york city's innovative epidemiologist: the life and career of morris greenberg.dr morris greenberg was an eminent american epidemiologist who served with the new york city department of health for a 40 year period, from 1920 until his passing in 1960. in 1946, he became director of the department's bureau of preventable diseases. in this role, he set very high standards for outbreak and epidemic investigations joined with a commitment to scholarly research and collaboration with the city's medical centers. he received his medical degree from columbia university college of ...201424838855
[the immunologic reactivity of newborn infants with pneumonia]. 20144118518
detection of rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia parkeri, and rickettsia akari in skin biopsy specimens using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia parkeri, and rickettsia akari are the most common causes of spotted fever group rickettsioses indigenous to the united states. infected patients characteristically present with a maculopapular rash, often accompanied by an inoculation eschar. skin biopsy specimens are often obtained from these lesions for diagnostic evaluation. however, a species-specific diagnosis is achieved infrequently from pathologic specimens because immunohistochemical stains do not diffe ...201424829214
simultaneous determination of vitamins b2 (riboflavin) and b6 (pyridoxine) in infant formula products by reverse phase liquid chromatography.an ion pair liquid chromatographic (lc) method is described for the simultaneous determination of vitamins b2 and b6 in infant formula products. the method eliminates many of the uv absorbing ingredients present in the infant formulations. the method involves extraction of the vitamins with distilled water followed by a filtration step and the subsequent analysis of the filtrate by lc. vitamins b2 and b6 and their vitamers are separated from each other as well as from ingredients in the sample m ...20143949703
the effects of general anesthesia on upper respiratory tract infections in children.a prospective cohort study of 489 pediatric patients was performed to investigate the prevalence of perioperative respiratory complications and symptomatology in children presenting for myringotomy with upper respiratory tract infections (uris). all children undergoing myringotomy received halothane n2o/o2 anesthesia administered via face mask. information on complications and respiratory symptoms was obtained from the anesthesia and recovery room records, and by standardized questionnaire. ther ...20133688537
[the patients who accidentally learned the nature of their illnesses]. 20133640964
investigation of an outbreak of rickettsial febrile illness in guatemala, 2007.we describe an outbreak of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiosis that occurred in 2007 in a farming community in southeastern guatemala. we identified 17 cases of an acute febrile illness, among which 10, including two fatalities, were confirmed or probable cases of rickettsial disease (case-fatality proportion 12%).201223266334
hypophosphatemia-associated respiratory muscle weakness in a general inpatient population.although hypophosphatemia has been implicated as a cause of respiratory failure, its impact on respiratory muscle function in patients hospitalized for other reasons remains to be determined. maximal inspiratory pressures (mip) and maximal expiratory pressures (mep) were measured at the bedside in 23 hospitalized patients with serum phosphate levels less than 2.5 mg/dl, and these measurements were repeated daily during phosphate repletion until serum phosphate levels reached the normal range. a ...20123364446
prolonged control of increased intracranial pressure with glycerin. 20125049685
focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome (goltz syndrome): the first dental case report. 20123466146
a medical center-based tertiary reference laboratory. experience at mayo medical laboratories (mml). 20123415449
"where" and "what" in vision.the mixture of a few horizontal and vertical line segments embedded in an aggregate of diagonal line segments can be rapidly counted and their positions rapidly determined by a parallel (preattentive) process. however, the discrimination between horizontal and vertical orientation (that is, discrimination of a single conspicuous feature) requires serial search by focal attention. under recent theories of attention, focal attention has been assumed to be required for the recognition of different ...20124001937
chorionic villi sampling with an echogenic catheter: experiences of the first 500 cases.using a newly developed cvs catheter with enhanced echogenicity we performed cvs in 501 consecutive cases. the abortion rate of 4.3% prior to 28 weeks of gestation in this series is within the background rate of controls matched for maternal age. the loss rate was clearly correlated to the number of insertions, time of sampling and sampling success. cvs is safest between 9 and 11 weeks of pregnancy. we recommend to restrict the number of insertions to a maximum of 3. the rate of failed samplings ...20123430325
hematological effect of supplementing anemic children with vitamin a alone and in combination with iron.ninety-nine anemic children aged 1-8 y were divided into four groups. each group was supplemented for 2 mo with vitamin a, iron, vitamin a plus fe, or a placebo. clinical, hematological, and fe biochemical evaluations were performed at the beginning and end of the study. vitamin a supplementation produced significant elevations in the serum levels of retinol, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, serum fe, and percent transferrin saturation (%ts) and had no effect on total fe binding capac ...20123414574
essential thrombocythemia in pregnancy.a 32-year-old women with essential thrombocythemia and a history of bleeding completed a full-term pregnancy. during pregnancy, the platelet count declined markedly to near-normal levels, but returned to prepregnancy levels within two weeks after delivery. the clinical course was uneventful, except for two brief episodes of vaginal bleeding during the second trimester. possible etiologic mechanisms for pregnancy-related reduction of platelet levels in thrombocythemia include increased platelet c ...20123347444
a case of rickettsialpox in northern europe.we report the first case of rickettsialpox caused by rickettsia akari in the netherlands. the diagnosis was suspected based on clinical grounds and was confirmed by western blot analysis with cross-adsorption. because the arthropod vector (liponyssoides sanguineus) is ubiquitous, we suspect that the disease is under-diagnosed in non-endemic areas.201222257655
spatial phase dependence and the role of motion detection in monocular and dichoptic forward masking.contrast thresholds for briefly flashed gratings were measured by the quest procedure, under conditions of forward masking by gratings of the same spatial frequency (usually 1 c/deg). low-contrast masks reduced threshold at short onset asynchronies (0 to 50 msec), while higher contrasts raised threshold over a broader temporal range (0 to 100-140 msec). both effects depended on the spatial phase relation, but in different ways. threshold reduction at 0- +/- 90 deg phases probably arises from spa ...20113253991
spatial phase dependence and the role of motion detection in monocular and dichoptic forward masking.contrast thresholds for briefly flashed gratings were measured by the quest procedure, under conditions of forward masking by gratings of the same spatial frequency (usually 1 c/deg). low-contrast masks reduced threshold at short onset asynchronies (0 to 50 msec), while higher contrasts raised threshold over a broader temporal range (0 to 100-140 msec). both effects depended on the spatial phase relation, but in different ways. threshold reduction at 0- +/- 90 deg phases probably arises from spa ...20113253991
ovarian carcinoma: abdominopelvic irradiation following reexploration.twenty patients with ovarian cancer, who following reexploration were left with residual disease nodules of less than 2 cm diameter, received abdominopelvic irradiation. of these patients 18 had previous chemotherapy. fifteen patients completed treatment, 13 of whom had prior chemotherapy. six of the 18 patients with invasive tumors were alive and disease free 18-53 months postradiotherapy, while only 4 patients had died at the time of follow-up. no patient with residual nodules greater than 1 c ...20113141249
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
perforations of the tympanic membrane following the use of goode-type 'long term' tympanostomy tubes.a retrospective review of 64 goode 't' tube insertions is presented. these were inserted into 61 ears of 48 patients over a period of four years. at the time of review of these 61 ears, 34 tubes were found to be in situ, 27 had extruded spontaneously and three had been removed surgically. ten ears in which the tube had been extruded or removed had central perforations of the tympanic membrane of which eight had been present for more than six months. the number of previous myringotomies or gromme ...20113209952
[x-ray computed tomography in venous pathology].after presenting the tomodensitometric semiology of venous thromboses in various territories, the authors define its indications. it is essentially in deep territories, head, chest and abdomen that the ct-scan is used to study and diagnose unrecognized thromboses as well as determine the venous repercussion of various neighboring ailments. the respective place of the ct-scan, ultrasonography and various phlebographies is analyzed.20113043474
an in-vitro model for tumor immunotherapy with antibody heteroconjugates. 20102978374
wide dispersal and possible multiple origins of low-copy-number plasmids in rickettsia species associated with blood-feeding arthropods.plasmids are mobile genetic elements of bacteria that can impart important adaptive traits, such as increased virulence or antibiotic resistance. we report the existence of plasmids in rickettsia (rickettsiales; rickettsiaceae) species, including rickettsia akari, "candidatus rickettsia amblyommii," r. bellii, r. rhipicephali, and reis, the rickettsial endosymbiont of ixodes scapularis. all of the rickettsiae were isolated from humans or north and south american ticks. r. parkeri isolates from b ...201020097813
involvement of tlr2 and tlr4 in cell responses to rickettsia akari.a better understanding of the pathogenesis of rickettsial disease requires elucidation of mechanisms governing host defense during infection. tlrs are primary sensors of microbial pathogens that activate innate immune cells, as well as initiate and orchestrate adaptive immune responses. however, the role of tlrs in rickettsia recognition and cell activation remains poorly understood. in this study, we examined the involvement of tlr2 and tlr4 in recognition of rickettsia akari, a causative agent ...201020616112
endemic mite-transmitted dermatoses and infectious diseases in the south.mites are mostly ubiquitous, bothersome pests with few species of medical importance and, of these, most are scabies mites, trombiculid larval mites and animal and plant mites. all patients with scabies and their close household, institutional and sexual contacts should be informed that scabies is a highly transmissible ectoparasitic infestation and that several topical treatments and an effective oral treatment are readily available and highly effective at present. sexually active patients with ...201020666166
a dog naturally infected with rickettsia akari in yucatan, méxico.rickettsia akari is the causative agent of rickettsialpox, a primarily urban mite-borne rickettsiosis that is encountered in the united states and in a few countries around the world. its vector is the mite liponyssoides sanguineus, which is found on rats and mice, which serve as reservoirs for the disease. in this work we report a severe animal case of r. akari infection with two unusual features: r. akari was found in a dog, and its potential vector was a tick.200919492943
human rickettsialpox, southeastern mexico.the detection of rickettsia akari in 2 human patients increased the diversity of rickettsioses affecting the public health in the southeast of mexico. rickettsialpox should be considered in the differential diagnosis with other febrile illnesses for the correct diagnosis and accurate treatment of this potential threat to human health.200919861070
elevation of factor vii activity and mass in young adults at risk of ischemic heart disease.the northwick park heart study found that elevation of factor vii in middle-aged subjects was an independent risk factor for subsequent ischemic heart disease. the present study was designed to determine whether factor vii elevation is present at a younger age and whether zymogen or activated factor vii is responsible for this elevation. a group of 20 asymptomatic first degree relatives (mean age 34.9 years) of patients with premature ischemic heart disease were compared with 15 age-matched norm ...20092794283
quantitative margin analysis in the scanning electron microscope.interface between restorative materials and tooth hard substances must be morphologically as perfect as possible to avoid plaque accumulation and subsequent secondary caries or pulpal diseases. therefore the marginal behavior of restorations is an important parameter to predict their longevity. morphologically, the quality of margins is characterized by different well defined criteria. using a replica technique it is possible to assess the complete marginal circumference of restorations in the s ...20092740861
surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.a review has been made of the results of surgical treatment of 8,000 cases of gastric cancer treated at the cancer institute hospital, tokyo, between 1946 and 1986. resectability was 89.6%, and operative mortality 1.9%. the five-year survival rate was 37.4% for all cases, 59.4% for patients with curative surgery, and 5.0% for those with non-curative surgery. the curative rate improved more than twofold over 41 years among the patients with curative gastrectomy. no one survived more than five yea ...20092659483
safety of chorionic villus sampling. 20092866381
history of medicine in alaska. harriet crocker jackson schirmer, m.d. 20092662801
pretest expectancies and cognitive impairment in alcoholics.alcoholics' neurological deficits have been attributed to cognitive impairment associated with brain dysfunction. because alcoholics perceive themselves as impaired in higher cognitive functions, we investigated the alternative hypothesis that their deficits are predicted by lowered expectancies for successful performance. ss were 48 male, middle-aged veterans administration inpatient alcoholics and 36 community controls. subjects completed a standard series of neuropsychological tests. before t ...20082600240
[measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors].in introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. first the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. the type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording ...20082635572
hepatitis in association with rickettsialpox.rickettsialpox is an acute, self-limited, febrile illness caused by rickettsia akari and transmitted by liponyssoides sanguineus, a mite that infests the common house mouse, mus musculus. liver involvement in rickettsialpox has received little attention, although hepatitis has been reported in several other rickettsial infections. in this report, we describe two patients with rickettsialpox who had acute hepatitis that resolved completely. in the appropriate clinical setting, rickettsialpox shou ...200818171106
[contribution of all-ussr (russian) center of rickettsioses and collaboration centre of who to the study of rickettsioses of tick-borne spotted fever group].the manuscript presents the results of studies of rickettsioses of spotted fever group in the territories of ussr (russia) and chssr (slovakia). authors review data about isolation of strains of rickettsiae of spotted fever group, improvement of isolation techniques, diagnostics and diagnostic preparations.200818756783
spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern europe.mediterranean spotted fever due to rickettsia conorii conorii was thought, for many years, to be the only tick-borne rickettsial disease prevalent in southern and eastern europe. however, in recent years, six more species or subspecies within the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia have been described as emerging pathogens in this part of the world. tick-borne agents include rickettsia conorii israelensis, rickettsia conorii caspia, rickettsia aeschlimannii, rickettsia slovaca, rickettsi ...200717266709
serologic evidence of a rickettsia akari-like infection among wild-caught rodents in orange county and humans in los angeles county, california.we detected antibodies reactive with rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of rickettsialpox in humans and in 83 of 359 (23%) rodents belonging to several species, collected in orange county, ca. reciprocal antibody titers >1:16 to r. akari were detected in native mice and rats (peromyscus maniculatus, p. eremicus, and neotoma fuscipes) and in old world mice and rats (mus musculus, rattus rattus, and r. norvegicus), representing the first time that antibodies reactive with this agent have been d ...200718260508
long-term enteral feeding: a retrospective comparison of delivery via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasoenteric tubes.the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (peg) tubes for enteral feeding is widespread, although their superiority to other feeding devices, such as nasoenteric tubes (net), has not been substantiated. we retrospectively compared clinical outcomes in patients who received enteral feeding via peg (n = 80) or net (n = 29) from 1984 to 1988. mean follow-up was 192 days in the peg group and 141 days in the net group. changes in nutritional and performance status were similar in both groups. as ...20071951237
[treatment of breastplate deformities: assessment using ct scanning and functional tests].a study to evaluate both the pre- en postoperative functional and morphologic status of major anterior chest wall deformities. four of the eight patients suffered from a progressive reduction in physical capabilities. preoperative pulmonary function tests demonstrated restriction in pulmonary function. in the postoperative period there was progressive return to normal physical strength without objective improvement in pulmonary function. pre- and postoperative thoracometric study by ct scan allo ...20071950309
[torsion of the colonic epiploic appendages].operations were carried out on 21 patients with torsion of epiploic appendages of the colon (sigmoid 19, ascending 1, hepatic flexure 1). this pathologic condition has no specific manifestations and occurs under the mask of other emergencies. the suggested symptom of "pain displacement" in combination with other signs allowed the correct diagnosis to be established before the operation in two thirds of patients. patients with torsion of epiploic appendages must be subjected to an emergency opera ...20061388218
nutrition and head start. 20061458961
[asthma and sports]. 20063291047
child abuse: does prosecution serve any useful purpose? 20061635513
supporting collaboration through a nursing informatics curriculum stage ii.collaboration is at the center of the process used to design, implement and evaluate an integrated informatics curriculum in a baccalaureate nursing program. this paper describes the second stage of a process to design the informatics nursing courses. the challenges to foster faculty collaborative relationships as well as to enhance the course content of all nursing informatics curriculum. a number of strategies were used to develop the collaborative efforts between the faculty and nursing staff ...20061482910
rickettsial agents from parasitic dermanyssoidea (acari: mesostigmata).mites are often overlooked as vectors of pathogens, but have been shown to harbor and transmit rickettsial agents such as rickettsia akari and orientia tsutsugamushi. we screened dna extracts from 27 mites representing 25 species of dermanyssoids for rickettsial agents such as anaplasma, bartonella, rickettsia, and wolbachia by pcr amplification and sequencing. dna from anaplasma spp., a novel bartonella sp., spiroplasma sp., wolbachia sp., and an unclassified rickettsiales were detected in mite ...200616596351
isolation of rickettsia akari from eschars of patients with rickettsialpox.rickettsialpox is a cosmopolitan, mite-borne, spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by rickettsia akari. the disease is characterized by a primary eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular rash. rickettsialpox was first identified in new york city in 1946 and the preponderance of recognized cases in the united states continues to originate from this large metropolitan center. the most recently isolated u.s. strain of r. akari was obtained more than a half century ago. we describe the culture and initial ...200617038703
current knowledge of rickettsial diseases in italy.rickettsial diseases continue to be the cause of serious health problems in italy. from 1998 to 2002, 4,604 clinical cases were reported, with 33 deaths in the period from 1998 to 2001. almost all the cases reported in italy are cases of mediterranean spotted fever (msf). other rickettsioses that have been historically documented are murine typhus and epidemic typhus. since 1950, only sporadic cases of murine typhus have been reported, and italy currently appears to be free of epidemic typhus. a ...200617114696
arthropod-borne diseases in homeless.homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ...200617114713
spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, south korea.the presence of the nucleic acid of the spotted fever group (spg) and typhus group (tg) rickettsiae was investigated in 200 serum specimens seropositive for sfg rickettsiae by multiplex-nested polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from the rickettsial outer membrane protein b gene. the dna of sfg, tg, or both rickettsiae was amplified in the 24 serum specimens, and sequence analysis showed rickettsia conorii, r. japonica, and r. felis in the specimens. r. conorii and r. typhi were found ...200515752441
transcription of the rickettsia felis ompa gene in naturally infected fleas.rickettsia felis is maintained transovarially in ctenocephalides felis fleas in a widespread geographic distribution and is transmitted to humans and animals, including opossums. this rickettsia is phylogenetically a member of the spotted fever group, most closely related to rickettsia akari and r. australis. an unusual feature of this rickettsia is that the gene for the outer membrane protein a (ompa) is interrupted by stop codons. to determine if this putatively dying gene is expressed, mrna w ...200516222005
a highly sensitive and specific real-time pcr assay for the detection of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae.a highly specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae using the citrate synthase gene as the target. the assay amplified rickettsial members of the spotted fever and typhus group including rickettsia akari, r. australis, r. conorii, r. honei, "r. marmionii," r. sibirica, r. rickettsii, r. typhi, and r. prowazekii. the ancestral group rickettsia, r. bellii, did not produce a positive reaction, nor did other members of ...200516354816
rickettsial infections around the world, part 2: rickettsialpox, the typhus group, and bioterrorism. 200516392013
detection of rickettsial dna in ixodid ticks recovered from dogs and cats in japan.dna from ticks recovered from 1137 dogs and 133 cats from all over japan were examined for rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene (glta)-based pcr and partial nucleotide sequencing. a total of 91 dog tick samples and 18 cat tick samples showed a single band of the appropriate size in the nested pcr. sequence analysis was successfully performed on 102 samples. dna of rickettsia japonica or closely related rickettsia spp. strains were detected from 38 ticks in 16 prefectures mainly in weste ...200516397379
[rickettsialpox: report of two cases imported from south africa].rickettsialpox is a rickettsiosis characterized clinically by an escar, fever and papulovescicular eruption. the author reports two cases imported from south africa.200516498729
cardiac and great vessel trauma: assessment, pathophysiology, and intervention. 20053320442
[the physician in the future]. 2004440600
provision of a lingual biting platform in a severe class iii malocclusion: a case report. 2004321730
[contribution of the section medical pedagogy to the improvement of quality and effectiveness of health care]. 2004425577
rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review.rickettsialpox is a rare mite-borne rickettsiosis that is encountered in urban populations in the eastern united states and throughout the world. it is characterized clinically by an eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular eruption. both of these cutaneous manifestations may be mimicked by infectious diseases that have been designated as bioterrorist agents by the united states centers for diseases control and prevention: the former by anthrax, and the latter by smallpox. it is thus important for c ...200415577753
[transketolase activity as a parameter for the vitamin b1 provision in some dermatoses (herpes zoster, psoriasis, drug eruptions, excema, and urticaria) (author's transl)]. 2003153861
expression of inducible angiosperm promoters in a gymnosperm, picea glauca (white spruce).electrical discharge particle acceleration was used to test the transient expression of numerous inducible angiosperm promoters in a gymnosperm picea glauca (white spruce). promoter expression was assayed in three different tissues capable of in vitro regeneration, zygotic embryos, seedlings and embryogenic callus. the promoters tested include the light-inducible arabidopsis and soybean ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate small subunit promoters and a maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase promoter; a soyb ...20031868222
rickettsialpox in a patient with hiv infection.we describe the first case of rickettsialpox in a patient infected with hiv. immunohistochemical staining of biopsied lesions showed a relatively large number of rickettsiae within the papulovesicular rash. rickettsialpox is easily treated and may resemble more serious cutaneous eruptions in patients infected with hiv. this diagnosis should be considered in immunocompromised city-dwellers, with fever and a papulovesicular rash.200312582406
rickettsialpox in new york city: a persistent urban zoonosis.rickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in new york city (nyc) in 1946. during the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in nyc. however, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. during february 2001 through august 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in nyc were confirmed at cdc from cutaneous biop ...200312860597
increased detection of rickettsialpox in a new york city hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: use of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism.rickettsialpox is a self-limited febrile illness with skin lesions that may be mistaken for signs of potentially more serious diseases, such as cutaneous anthrax or chickenpox. the cluster of cutaneous anthrax cases from bioterrorism in october 2001 likely heightened awareness of and concern for cutaneous eschars.200314676069
rickettsialpox in turkey. 200314725263
rickettsia-macrophage interactions: host cell responses to rickettsia akari and rickettsia typhi.the existence of intracellular rickettsiae requires entry, survival, and replication in the eukaryotic host cells and exit to initiate new infection. while endothelial cells are the preferred target cells for most pathogenic rickettsiae, infection of monocytes/macrophages may also contribute to the establishment of rickettsial infection and resulting pathogenesis. we initiated studies to characterize macrophage-rickettsia akari and -rickettsia typhi interactions and to determine how rickettsiae ...200211953398
phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan.eight spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan were classified by phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of both the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) and 190-kda antigen-encoding gene (rompa). in the phylogenetic tree of glta, strains dt-1 and fla-1 isolated from the dermacentor taiwanensis and haemaphysalis frava ticks, respectively, were placed as rickettsia japonica, and strains io-1, io-2, io-25, im-1 and ip-2 from genus ixodes ticks were place ...200212061626
rickettsialpox in north carolina: a case report.we report a case of rickettsialpox from north carolina confirmed by serologic testing. to our knowledge, this case is the first to be reported from this region of the united states. including rickettsialpox in the evaluation of patients with eschars or vesicular rashes is likely to extend the recognized geographic distribution of rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of this disease.200212095443
a simple method for measuring the frequency response of an electromagnetic flowmeter. 2002127898
away with leniency toward gastric pseudolymphoma. 20022730333
urban zoonoses caused by bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia species.the last half of the 20th century witnessed an increase in the occurrence and recognition of urban zoonoses caused by members of the genera bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia, all traditionally considered to be members of the family rickettsiaceae. in recent years, new human pathogens (bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae, and rickettsia felis) have been recognized in urban environments. other newly recognized pathogens (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia phagocytophila in t ...200112653141
serologic evidence of rickettsia akari infection among dogs in a metropolitan city.to determine whether dogs in new york, ny are naturally infected with rickettsia akari, the causative agent of rickettsialpox in humans.200111394829
phylogeny of rickettsia spp. inferred by comparing sequences of 'gene d', which encodes an intracytoplasmic protein.'gene d' is the ps120-protein-encoding gene, first described in rickettsia conorii and rickettsia japonica. sequence analysis of a 3030 bp fragment of 'gene d' in 24 representatives of the genus rickettsia was carried out to complete phylogenetic analyses previously inferred by comparison of gene sequences encoding citrate synthase, 17 kda antigen and rompa and rompb. the phylogenetic relationships between rickettsiae were inferred from the comparison of both the gene and the derived protein seq ...200111491333
evidence of rodent-associated bartonella and rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from central and east harlem, new york city.we tested serum samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from a cohort of 204 injection drug users (idus) recruited from central and east harlem, new york city, new york, for antibodies reactive with seven rickettsial or bartonella spp. antigens. rodent-associated bartonella elizabethae and rickettsia akari were the primary etiologic agents of interest. the testing panel also included bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, and rickettsia typhi. the high ...200111791987
in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia and bartonella spp. to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.the in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana to different concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (the primary metabolite of clarithromycin) and tetracycline in vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescently-stained bacilli. the extent of antibiotic-induced inhibition of foci was recorded for each dilution of an ...200010702548
[rickettsialpox]. 199910201193
monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical diagnosis of rickettsialpox: the macrophage is the principal target.cutaneous biopsies of five eschars and two rash lesions from five patients from new york city with documented rickettsialpox were examined by immunohistochemical methods with a monoclonal antibody directed against spotted fever group rickettsial lipopolysaccharide for the presence and cellular location of rickettsia akari rickettsiae were identified in all of the five patients, with good concordance of results for the same biopsy tissues with previously reported results by the direct immunofluor ...199910349992
serologic evidence of rickettsialpox (rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in inner-city baltimore, maryland.we tested single serum samples from 631 intravenous (i.v.) drug users from inner-city baltimore, maryland for serologic evidence of exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae. a total of 102 (16%) individuals had titers > or = 64 to rickettsia rickettsii by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. confirmation that infection was caused by r. akari was obtained by cross-adsorption studies on a subset of serum samples that consistently resulted in higher titers to r. akari than to r. rickettsii. cur ...199910403316
molecular phylogeny and rearrangement of rrna genes in rickettsia species.it has previously been observed that rickettsia prowazekii has an unusual arrangement of the rrna genes. in this species, the three rrna genes, 16s (rrs), 23s (rrl), and 5s (rrf), are not linked in the typical arrangements for bacteria. rather, the 16s rrna gene has been separated from the 23s and 5s rrna gene cluster, and the 23s rrna gene is preceded by a gene which codes for methionyl-trnaf(met) formyltransferase (fmt). in this study, we screened the genus rickettsia for the fmt-rrl motif in ...199910406115
taxonomic relationships among spotted fever group rickettsiae as revealed by antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies.the spotted fever group (sfg) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. in this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the sfg rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. a total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodomi ...19989542904
in vitro susceptibilities of bartonella henselae, b. quintana, b. elizabethae, rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, r. akari, and r. prowazekii to macrolide antibiotics as determined by immunofluorescent-antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.the in vitro susceptibilities of bartonella (rochalimaea) henselae, b. quintana, b. elizabethae, rickettsia akari, r. conorii, r. prowazekii, and r. rickettsii to different concentrations of azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin in vero cell cultures were evaluated. bartonella and rickettsia spp. were allowed to initiate infection of the antibiotic-free vero cell monolayers, which were maintained in 16-chamber microscope slides in the absence of antibiotics ...19979055996
rickettsialpox.rickettsialpox is a member of the spotted-fever group of the rickettsioses and results from an infection with rickettsia akari. this microbe is transmitted by the bite of the house-mouse mite liponyssoides sanguineus. patents experience fevers, sweats, headaches, and a vesicular eruption over the trunk and extremities. the palms and soles are spared. an eschar results at the spot of the mite bite. tetracycline is the treatment of choice.19979098640
citrate synthase gene comparison, a new tool for phylogenetic analysis, and its application for the rickettsiae.using pcr and an automated laser fluorescent dna sequencer, we amplified and sequenced a 1,234-bp fragment of the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) of 28 bacteria belonging to the genus rickettsia. comparative sequence analysis showed that most of the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae belonged to one of two subgroups. the first subgroup included rickettsia massiliae, strain bar 29, rickettsia rhipicephali, "rickettsia aeschlimanni," and rickettsia montana, which have been isolated only f ...19979103608
rickettsialpox-like illness in a traveler.a patient presented after a trip to south africa with a febrile illness and rash that was consistent with either rickettsialpox or mild boutonneuse fever. the clinical, laboratory, and geographic overlap of these diseases makes differentiation difficult in certain situations. several different rickettsial infections may cause an eschar and a rash that may be papulovesicular. from a clinical perspective, distinguishing these diseases is not critically important as long as therapy with tetracyclin ...19979290302
rickettsialpox. 19968727130
genetic variation in australian spotted fever group rickettsiae.rickettsiae were isolated by cell culture of buffy coat blood from six patients with spotted fever from southeastern australia and flinders island in bass strait. the isolates were genetically compared with two previous rickettsia australis patient isolates. the genus-specific 17-kda genes from the isolates were compared after dna amplification and restriction fragment analysis of the amplified dna. this comparison revealed that mainland rickettsial isolates from southeastern australia were iden ...19968735110
isolation of rickettsia akari from a patient in a region where mediterranean spotted fever is endemic.rickettsia akari was isolated from blood collected from a patient in croatia in 1991. we believe this is the first human isolate of r. akari to be reported in more than 40 years and the first ever from southern europe. the croatian isolate was antigenically and genetically indistinguishable from the prototype american strain and a ukrainian strain. in all probability, rickettsialpox would be diagnosed more frequently and over a wider geographic area if physicians gave greater consideration to th ...19968838175
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