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antimicrobial effectiveness of synthesized bioactive silver nanoparticles by the actinomycetes hgg16n strain.biologically synthetized silver nanoparticles are promising antimicrobial agent. flow cytometry, well diffusion methods, colony-forming units (cfu) and spectroscopic approach are commonly used in antimicrobial study. the aims of this study were to provides information about effectiveness of bioagnps synthesized by actinomycetes hgg16n using fluorescence flow cytometry method as an alternative to the standard ones (well and disc diffusion method).201728056728
spread and persistence of vim-1 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in three german swine farms in 2011 and 2012.the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in livestock is considered as a threat for public health. in germany, vim-1-producing escherichia (e.) coli sequence type (st) 88 and salmonella infantis isolates harbouring blavim-1inchi2 plasmids have been isolated from swine and poultry farms. a retrospective study was performed to determine if there was a broader distribution of vim-1-positive isolates in any of the carbapenemase-positive swine farms. selective incubation (carbapen ...201727234907
enhancement of bactericidal effects of sodium hypochlorite in chiller water with food additive grade calcium hydroxide.an alkaline agent, namely food additive grade calcium hydroxide (fdca(oh)2) in solution at 0.17%, was evaluated for its bactericidal efficacies in chiller water with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) at a concentration of 200 ppm total residual chlorine. without organic material presence, naocl could inactivate salmonella infantis and escherichia coli within 5 sec, but in the presence of fetal bovine serum (fbs) at 0.5%, the bactericidal effects of naocl were diminished completely. fdca(oh)2 solution ...201728496013
effect of nanoemulsified and microencapsulated mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) essential oil coatings on quality of fresh pork meat.fresh meat is a highly perishable food. this work aimed to evaluate the influence of mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) incorporated into active coatings (acs) spread on fresh pork meat as free (feo), nanoemulsified (neo), and microencapsulated (meo) essential oil (eo), on its microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties during 15 d at 4 ± 1 °c. thymol and γ-terpinene were identified in the eo. in vitro effect of 2.85 mg eo/cm(2) was tested against brochothrix thermosphacta, mi ...201728493309
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from a chronic human infection.we report a 4.99-mb draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. the infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment.201728729277
oral administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ameliorates salmonella infantis-induced inflammation in a pig model via activation of the il-22bp/il-22/stat3 pathway.the high rate of salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) infection poses significant risk for the development of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. however, efficient strategies to prevent or treat the infection remain elusive. here, we explored the effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in preventing s. infantis infection in a pig model. probiotic lgg (1.0 × 10(10) cfu/day) was orally administered to newly weaned piglets for 1 week before s. in ...201728770173
salmonella enterica serovar infantis from food and human infections, switzerland, 2010-2015: poultry-related multidrug resistant clones and an emerging esbl producing clonal lineage.objectives: the aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in switzerland. methods: we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis on all 520 s. infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (wgs) on 32 selected isolates. results: the majority (74.8%) of the isolates wa ...201728751886
genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from hungary representing two peak incidence periods in three decades.four strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis isolated from humans (1980 to 1982) and broiler chickens (2016) have been sequenced. they represent the early and recent peak incidences of this serovar in hungary. genome sequences of these isolates provide comparative data on the evolution and rise of an endemic s infantis clone in hungary.201728254986
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella spp. isolated from foods and clinical samples in brazil.increasing antimicrobial resistance in salmonella species has been a serious problem for public health worldwide. this study examines salmonella spp. recovered from foods and clinical samples on serotype, antimicrobial resistance and pfge genotypes. it identified 91 salmonellae, belonging to 31 different serotypes, from 36 isolates from food and 55 clinical samples. salmonella infantis (16.5%) and salmonella enteritidis (13.7%) are the most common among food isolates, whereas salmonella enteriti ...201728513778
contamination of carcasses and utensils in small swine slaughterhouses by salmonella in the northwestern region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil.salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. the state of rio de janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumpt ...201728585863
vim-1-producing salmonella infantis isolated from swine and minced pork meat in germany. 201728369508
[prevalence of salmonella in meat and meat products in moravia in 2010-2015].bacteria of the genus salmonella greatly contribute to foodborne infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. an important source of the diseases is foods of animal origin. the study aimed at monitoring and assessing the prevalence of individual salmonella serovars in samples of meat and meat products collected in moravia, czech republic.201627450522
in vitro antimicrobial activity screening of xylaria hypoxylon.fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. because of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. the aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of xylaria hypoxylon, which were collected from yomra, trabzon, turkey.201628852719
a prolonged outbreak of salmonella infantis associated with pork products in central germany, april-october 2013.one of the largest and longest salmonella outbreaks in germany within the last 10 years occurred in central germany in 2013. to identify vehicles of infection, we analysed surveillance data, conducted a case-control study and food traceback. we identified 267 cases infected with salmonella infantis with symptom onset between 16 april and 26 october 2013 in four neighbouring federal states. results of our study indicated that cases were more likely to have eaten raw minced pork from local butcher ...201626593246
biofilm formation by environmental isolates of salmonella and their sensitivity to natural antimicrobials.the objective of this study was to determine reduction of salmonella in biofilms by essential oils. biofilm formation of 15 salmonella isolates from conventional swine farm environment was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) assays. only one of the 15 isolates was a strong biofilm producer as classified by crystal violet assay. all salmonella isolates formed biofilm on mbec assay. the curli expression was robust among strains ...201627356028
genome sequences of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from broiler chicks in hungary.three strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from healthy broiler chickens from 2012 to 2013 have been sequenced. comparison of these and previously published s infantis genome sequences of broiler origin in 1996 and 2004 will provide new insight into the genome evolution and recent spread of s infantis in poultry.201627979950
inactivation of bacteria on surfaces by sprayed slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water: in vitro experiments.the capacity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water (sahw), in both liquid and spray form, to inactivate bacteria was evaluated as a potential candidate for biosecurity enhancement in poultry production. sahw (containing 50 or 100 ppm chlorine, ph 6) was able to inactivate escherichia coli and salmonella infantis in liquid to below detectable levels (≤2.6 log10 cfu/ml) within 5 sec of exposure. in addition, sahw antibacterial capacity was evaluated by spraying it using a nebulizer into a box ...201627052464
calcinated egg shell as a candidate of biosecurity enhancement material.calcinated egg shell (egg-cao), of which the main component is calcium oxide, was evaluated in the forms of powder and aqueous solutions for their efficacies as disinfectants against avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), salmonella infantis and escherichia coli. egg-cao powder inactivated these viruses within 3 min in the presence of 33% of fetal bovine serum (fbs). in egg-cao solutions, except aiv, all pathogens were inactivated with ...201626854110
study of silver nanoparticles synthesized by acidophilic strain of actinobacteria isolated from the of picea sitchensis forest soil.in the present work the acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for the cheap, green and single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy approach. the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against clinical strains such as staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, ...201626864807
[chromosome changes in fanconi's anemia]. 20164990349
[hemorrhoids and their treatment]. 20154495197
purification of bile salts on columns of sephadex lh-20. 20154664614
[demonstration of β-1,2 mannan structures expressed on the cell wall of candida albicans yeast form but not on the hyphal form by using monoclonal antibodies].candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus that may be observed as both commensal and opportunistic pathogen in humans. as one of the major components of candida cell wall structure, mannan plays an important role in the fungus-host cell interaction and in virulence. the ability to switch from yeast to hypha form of microorganism is crutial in the development of c.albicans infections. hyphal form has different antigenic properties compared to yeast form and structural changes occur in the yeast ce ...201525706732
an investigation into the removal of salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the separated liquid fraction of raw or anaerobically digested pig manure using novel on-farm woodchip biofilters.the objective was to investigate the removal of salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the liquid fraction of raw and anaerobically digested (ad) pig manure in woodchip biofilters over a 14 week (98 day) period. antibiotic susceptible salmonella infantis was detected in one influent material (liquid fraction of raw manure) on two occasions but was not found in the effluent at any time point. furthermore, mean coliform reductions of 56% were observed in the biofilters treating the liquid ...201525659312
[a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella infantis].we report herein on a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis). a 30-year-old japanese man presenting with a 3-week history of left ankle pain was suspected to have either a tumor or osteomyelitis, on the basis of imaging study findings. he underwent a surgical resection of the lesion. histopathological examination revealed a granuloma. however, s. infantis was cultured from the biopsy sample. cefazolin ...201526554224
first description of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants and β-lactamase encoding genes in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from humans, one companion animal and food in romania.gastroenteritis attributable to salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern for public health. this study was conducted in order to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants and β-lactamase-encoding genes, in s. enterica, isolated from humans, one companion animal and food. moreover, the study aimed to identify potenti ...201526120367
immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages.salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ...201525811871
survival of salmonella enterica serovar infantis on and within stored table eggs.contaminated table eggs are considered a primary source of foodborne salmonellosis globally. recently, a single clone of salmonella enterica serovar infantis emerged in israel and became the predominant serovar isolated in poultry. this clone is currently the most prevalent strain in poultry and is the leading cause of salmonellosis in humans. because little is known regarding the potential transmission of this strain from contaminated eggs to humans, the objective of this study was to evaluate ...201525710143
incidence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of nontyphoidal salmonella including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers in retail chicken meat.the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of salmonella in 100 chicken carcass samples from five integrated broiler operation brands in korea. serotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) genotype, and clonal divergence using multilocus sequence typing of the isolated strains were analyzed. a total of 42 chicken samples were contaminated with nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) isolates: 16 isolates (38%) were salmonella virchow, 9 (21%) were salmo ...201526555514
the consequence of low mannose-binding lectin plasma concentration in relation to susceptibility to salmonella infantis in chickens.mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a key protein in innate immunity. mbl binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens, where it initiates complement activation via the lectin-dependent pathway or facilitates opsonophagocytosis. in vitro studies have shown that human mbl is able to bind to salmonella, but knowledge in relation to chicken mbl and salmonella is lacking. in order to study this relation day-old chickens from two selected lines l10h and l10l, differing in mbl serum concentration, w ...201525487759
emergence of a clonal lineage of multidrug-resistant esbl-producing salmonella infantis transmitted from broilers and broiler meat to humans in italy between 2011 and 2014.we report the spread of a clone of multidrug-resistant (mdr), esbl-producing (blactx-m-1) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis, in the italian broiler chicken industry and along the food-chain. this was first detected in italy in 2011 and led to human infection in italy in 2013-2014.a set (n = 49) of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant (r) isolates of s. infantis (2011-2014) from humans, food-producing animals and meat thereof, were studied along with a selected set o ...201526716443
increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in japan.extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. esbl-producing salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in asian countries neighboring japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistance gene, ampc (pampc). however, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of esc-resistant salmonella in chicken products in japan, which are the main vehic ...201525642944
a novel subpopulation of salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from broiler chicken organs other than the gastrointestinal tract.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains were isolated from broiler chickens from six farms in japan and the pathogenicity associated with the recently reported 280kbp mega plasmid was examined by possession of the plasmid and histopathology of tissues from these chickens. s. infantis strains were isolated from 10 of 24 chickens. phylogenetic, network and bayesian cluster analyses were used to determine whether these strains were in the previously defined clusters 1-5. phylog ...201525542287
genome sequences of three salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from healthy broiler chicks in hungary and in the united kingdom.the genome sequences of three strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis isolated from broiler chickens in 1994 and 2004 in hungary and in the 1980s in the united kingdom are reported here. a sequence comparison should improve our understanding of the evolution of the genome and spread of s. infantis in poultry.201525676749
molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and detection of their resistance genesby pcr.this study aims at molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and the detection of their antibiotic resistance genes. a total of 46 salmonella-suspected samples isolated from backyard chickens of northern iran were collected. serotyping was done by the traditional method and then confirmed by pcr. antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. there were 44 samples identified ...201527175192
outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis among people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy.to describe an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy.201424856199
plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey.this study was conducted for typing salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna profile analysis. fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. the samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. the strains were determined to belong ...201424852084
investigation of class i integron in salmonella infantis and its association with drug resistance.infection with non-typhoid salmonella (nts) is one of the most important health problems all over the world. antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing among salmonella infantis species.201425147710
enumeration and characterization of salmonella isolates from retail chicken carcasses in beijing, china.epidemiological reports have implicated contaminated raw or undercooked chicken as primary vehicles of salmonella transmission to human beings. risk assessments relating to salmonella contamination of poultry products in china are frequently hampered by the lack of quantitative data. in this study, whole chicken carcasses (n=395) were collected from the retail markets of beijing, and the level of salmonella contamination was enumerated by most probable number (mpn) analysis and all salmonella is ...201424134666
clonal spread of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in serbia: acquisition of mutations in the topoisomerase genes gyra and parc leads to increased resistance to fluoroquinolones.quinolone-resistant salmonella infantis (n = 64) isolated from human stool samples, food and poultry during the years 2006-2011 were analysed for their resistance phenotypes, macrorestriction patterns and molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of nalidixic acid (nal) and ciprofloxacin (cip) were determined by the agar dilution procedure, and the susceptibility to additional antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc dif ...201424119387
risk factors for sporadic infection with salmonella infantis: a matched case-control study.this matched case-control study investigated the risk factors for sporadic salmonella infantis infection in 263 affected children and 263 age-, gender- and neighbourhood-matched controls. information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. age groups ≤ 1 year (n=77) and >1 year (n = 186) were analysed separately. of those aged ≤ 1 year, breastfeeding was a significant protective factor against infect ...201423879895
quantification and characterization of salmonella spp. isolates in sewage sludge with potential usage in agriculture.this study aims to scrutinize salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the epa method 1682/2006. for positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for pcr analyses and detection of spvc, inva and ssel virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics.201425927729
chronic sinusitis in children. comments on pathogenesis and management. 20144138636
[detection of enteric pathogen bacteria with the pcr method from mixed fecal specimens of food handlers].we developed an assay for rapid, specific detection of shigella, salmonella, and verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 using the direct pcr analysis of mixed human fecal specimens. in this study, the sensitivity of the direct pcr assay for 50 mixed human fecal specimen was found to be 1.3, 0.42, and 0.76 colony-forming units/kit for shigella sonnei, salmonella typhimurium, and verotoxin-producing e. coli o157, respectively. we compared the efficiency of the direct pcr method with the convent ...201425672139
outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection in humans linked to dry dog food in the united states and canada, 2012.case description--in april 2012, salmonella enterica serotype infantis was detected in an unopened bag of dry dog food collected during routine retail surveillance. pulsenet, a national bacterial subtyping network, identified humans with salmonella infantis infection with the same genetic fingerprint as the dog food sample. clinical findings--an outbreak investigation identified 53 ill humans infected with the outbreak strain during january 1 to july 5, 2012, in 21 states and 2 provinces in cana ...201424548229
phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains isolated in japan using whole genome sequence data.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis has been reported to be carried asymptomatically in chickens and isolated from some human patients with diarrhea. the aim of this study was to investigate the phylogeny of s. infantis strains isolated in japan from chicken meat, chicken egg shells, environmental samples from a grading and packing center for chicken eggs (gp center), diarrhea patients, and asymptomatic carriers based on whole genome sequence data. the s. infantis strains were i ...201424999237
phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (asteraceae).chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle ethanolic extracts were chemically analysed with respect to phenolics. twelve phenolic acids were separated and identified by hplc-dad and the presence of rosmarinic acid was additionally confirmed by lc-ms. five methods were applied for the evaluation of extracts' antioxidant properties (frap, dpph, abts, chelating activity, briggs-rauscher reaction), while the antibacterial activity was tested against some of the major food-borne pathogens (campylobacter ...201425632475
truncal seizures: an unusual presentation of cerebral cysticercosis.we present the case of a 24-year-old woman who developed repetitive partial simple seizures confined to her right rib cage. computed tomography scan of the head was consistent with the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. the patient was started on a regimen of anticonvulsants, steroids, and praziquantel with full resolution of symptoms.20133777595
distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern japan.this study was conducted to investigate the distribution and diversity of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance determinants in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli obtained from the same cecal samples and to provide evidence of transmission of the resistance determinants among these bacteria in broiler farms in southern japan. salmonella enterica and e. coli were characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. an antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmi ...201323687161
consumer method to control salmonella and listeria species in shrimp.the purpose of this study was to determine whether the current consumer method of boiling shrimp until floating and pink in color is adequate for destroying listeria and salmonella. shrimp samples were submerged in bacterial suspensions of listeria and salmonella for 30 min and allowed to air dry for 1 h under a biosafety cabinet. color parameters were then measured with a spectrophotometer programmed with the cielab system. twenty-four shrimp samples were divided into groups (days 0, 1, or 2) a ...201323317857
molecular epidemiology and virulence markers of salmonella infantis isolated over 25 years in são paulo state, brazil.infection of humans and animals caused by salmonella is a major public health problem worldwide. among the more than 2500 serovars, s. infantis has been one of the 15 most isolated serovars in the world. despite its clinical importance, little is known about the molecular characteristics of s. infantis strains from brazil. the aims of this study were to type s. infantis isolates of this country and to assess their pathogenic potential. the molecular epidemiology of 35 s. infantis strains, isolat ...201323860124
occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in ground beef at retail stores in jalisco state, mexico.the occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella bacteria in commercial ground beef at retail establishments were investigated. salmonella was isolated from 135 (56.7%) of 238 ground beef samples collected at the same number of butcher's shops located in three municipalities of jalisco state, mexico, during an 11-month period. the isolation frequency differed by municipality (p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.05) during the warm season (68.5%) than during the cold sea ...201324290673
biofilm formation of salmonella serotypes in simulated meat processing environments and its relationship to cell characteristics.salmonella attached to meat contact surfaces encountered in meat processing facilities may serve as a source of cross-contamination. in this study, the influence of serotypes and media on biofilm formation of salmonella was investigated in a simulated meat processing environment, and the relationships between biofilm formation and cell characteristics were also determined. all six serotypes (salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg, salmonella derby, salmonella agona, salmonella indiana, salmonel ...201324112581
survey of enterobacteriaceae contamination of table eggs collected from layer flocks in australia.in the present study, eggs from commercial caged layer flocks at different stages of lay in australia were collected. enterobacteriaceae populations from eggshell surface and eggshell pore were enumerated and these populations characterized using api® rapid 20e strips. the eggshell surface, eggshell pore and egg internal content samples were also processed for the isolation of salmonella and these isolates were tested for the presence or absence of several virulence genes (prgh, sopb, spic, orfl ...201323680799
effects of egg shell quality and washing on salmonella infantis penetration.the vast majority of eggs in australia are washed prior to packing to remove dirt and fecal material and to reduce the microbial contamination of the egg shell. the egg contents can be an ideal growth medium for microorganisms which can result in human illness if eggs are stored improperly and eaten raw or undercooked, and it is estimated that egg-related salmonellosis is costing australia $44 million per year. egg shell characteristics such as shell thickness, amount of cuticle present, and thi ...201323727650
organic acids for control of salmonella in different feed materials.salmonella control in animal feed is important in order to protect animal and public health. organic acids is one of the control measures used for treatment of salmonella contaminated feed or feed ingredients. in the present study, the efficacy of formic acid (fa) and different blends of fa, propionic acid (pa) and sodium formate (sf) was investigated. four salmonella strains isolated from feed were assayed for their acid tolerance. also, the effect of lower temperatures (5°c and 15°c) compared ...201323597100
notes from the field: multistate outbreak of salmonella infantis, newport, and lille infections linked to live poultry from a single mail-order hatchery in ohio--march-september, 2012.in early 2012, three clusters of human salmonella infections were identified through pulsenet, a national network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by cdc that subtypes disease-causing organisms. initial investigations indicated many of the ill persons in these three clusters had contact with live poultry (e.g., chicks and ducklings) from a single mail-order hatchery; therefore, the three investigations were merged. during march 1-september 24, 2012, a total of ...201323515059
an outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis in a residential aged care facility associated with thickened fluids.twenty-two confirmed cases of salmonella infantis were identified in 70 residents of high-level care areas of a residential aged care facility in sydney in april 2010 during an outbreak of gastroenteritis. a retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify a possible cause. consuming a soft diet, puréed diet, or thickened fluid were each independently associated with illness. a logistic regression showed consumption of thickened fluid to be the only significant exposure associated with illne ...201222335962
[two multidrug-resistant salmonella infantis isolates behave like hypo-invasive strains but have high intracellular proliferation].in this work, plasmid-encoded virulence factors in two salmonella infantis isolates carrying multiresistance plasmids were investigated. in addition, their invasion and proliferative ability in non-phagocytic cells was studied. none of them showed the typical determinants of virulence plasmids (spy operon). the invasion assays of s. infantis isolates on eukaryotic cells showed a decreased ability to invade but they remained and proliferated in the cytoplasm regardless of having used a permissive ...201222997763
recovery of salmonella from eggshell wash, eggshell crush, and egg internal contents of unwashed commercial shell eggs in australia.the experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of salmonella spp. on the eggshell surface, eggshell membranes or pores, and in egg internal contents from unwashed eggs collected from commercial caged layer farms in australia. eggshell rinsate, shell crush, and egg internal contents (yolk and albumen) of eggs were processed for salmonella spp. salmonella infantis and salmonella subspecies 1, serotype 4,12:d were isolated from the eggshell surface. salmonella spp. were not isolated from any ...201222700522
notes from the field: human salmonella infantis infections linked to dry dog food--united states and canada, 2012.cdc is collaborating with public health and agriculture officials in multiple states, the public health agency of canada, and the food and drug administration (fda) to investigate an outbreak of human salmonella infantis infections linked to direct or indirect contact with dry dog food. multiple brands of dry dog food produced by diamond pet foods at a single manufacturing facility in gaston, south carolina, have been linked to human illnesses.201222695384
multidrug resistant clones of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe.the aim of the study was to investigate the potential spread of the previously described multidrug-resistant (mdr) hungarian clone of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe. therefore, 76 strains isolated between 2004 and 2009 from raw meat and fecal samples of broiler origin in nine european countries - including hungary - were examined by phage typing, antimicrobial resistance typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile and plasmid analysis. the strains could be divided in ...201222564450
survival and growth of epidemically successful and nonsuccessful salmonella enterica clones after freezing and dehydration.the spread of epidemically successful nontyphoidal salmonella clones has been suggested as the most important cause of salmonellosis in industrialized countries. factors leading to the emergence of success clones are largely unknown, but their ability to survive and grow after physical stress may contribute. during epidemiological studies, a mathematical model was developed that allowed estimation of a factor (q) accounting for the relative ability of salmonella serovars with different antimicro ...201222410218
clonal dissemination of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in germany.salmonella enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) is consistently isolated from broiler chickens, pigs, and humans worldwide. this study investigated 93 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella infantis strains isolated in germany between 2005 and 2008 in respect to their transmission along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied, and the pathogenicity and resistance gene repertoire was determined. phenotypically, 66% of the strains were susceptible to all 17 ...201222401270
comparison of the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities.a comparison on the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. in contrast, layer hens sampled from f ...201222545525
transmission and shedding patterns of salmonella in naturally infected captive wild roof rats (rattus rattus) from a salmonella-contaminated layer farm.rodents play a major role in the transmission and maintenance of salmonella contamination cycles in poultry facilities. however, very limited field data are available regarding the transmission routes, infection cycle, and shedding patterns of salmonella by naturally infected wild rodents from commercial layer farms. in this study, a total of 128 resident wild roof rats (rattus ratus) were captured from a salmonella-contaminated layer facility. all roof rats were divided into 51 laboratory cages ...201222856184
[incidence of ischemic heart disease in relation to major risk factors among moscow male residents aged 20-29 years].a representative random sample of 3,308 male residents aged 20-59 years from a moscow district was examined. only 74% of them participated in the study. routine epidemiological methods were used to identify various forms of coronary heart disease (chd). the prevalence of chd was 9.7% in the population with the incidence of definite chd of 5% and possible chd of 4.6%. the prevalence of chd was significantly associated with age, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hy ...20123265747
complete nucleotide sequence of pvqs1 containing a quinolone resistance determinant from salmonella enterica serovar virchow associated with foreign travel.nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovars kentucky (n = 5) and virchow (n = 6) cultured from individuals were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants.201222553140
seasonal variations of phenolic compounds and biological properties in sage (salvia officinalis l.).the aim was to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of dalmatian sage (salvia officinalis l.) leaves collected during different vegetation periods. separation and quantification of the individual phenols were performed by reversed-phase (rp)-hplc coupled with a pda (photodiode array) detector and using an internal standard, while the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, flavones, and flavonols were determined spectrophotometrically. the antioxidant ...201222344920
fatal fulminant salmonella infantis meningitis with septicemia.we report a case of salmonella meningitis due to salmonella serotype infantis. the organism was isolated from the blood and csf of a ten month old baby. the baby died due to fulminant meningitis with septicemia. this case has been reported for its rarity.201123781647
comprehensive analysis of salmonella sequence polymorphisms and development of a ldr-ua assay for the detection and characterization of selected serotypes.salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease, and salmonella enterica subspecies i includes the most clinically relevant serotypes. salmonella serotype determination is important for the disease etiology assessment and contamination source tracking. this task will be facilitated by the disclosure of salmonella serotype sequence polymorphisms, here annotated in seven genes (sefa, safa, safc, biga, inva, fima, and phsb) from 139 s. enterica strains, of which 109 belonging to 44 serotypes of s ...201121611799
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella enterica serovars isolated from slaughtered cattle in bahir dar, ethiopia.a study was undertaken from october 2006 to march 2007 to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella serovars. liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal content, and carcass swab samples (each n = 186) were collected from 186 apparently healthy slaughtered cattle at bahir dar abattoir. bacteriological analysis was done according to the international organization for standardization (iso 6579 2002). isolates were serotyped at agence française de securite sanitair ...201121814750
Comparing validation of four ELISA-systems for detection of Salmonella derby- and Salmonella infantis-infected pigs.The objective of this study was the comparative evaluation of four indirect Salmonella ELISA tests at study time approved in Germany to detect Salmonella infection in pigs.Three tests are based on a LPS-antigen mix and directed against specific IgG antibodies. The fourth test is based on a purified S. Typhimurium whole-cell lysate antigen and discriminates between Salmonella-specific IgM-, IgA-, and IgG- antibodies. In a longitudinal study, two groups of six weeks old hybrid piglets were orally ...201121848033
prevalence of salmonella isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns in chicken meat throughout japan.we investigated the prevalence of salmonella in chicken meat from northern, central, and southern japan. between 2006 and 2008, 821 samples from these three regions were collected and examined. salmonella isolates were detected in 164 (20.0%) of these samples, with 15 (10.0%) of 150, 113 (27.5%) of 411, and 36 (13.8%) of 260 recovered from the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively. we recovered 452 salmonella isolates. from the isolates, 27 serovars were identified; the predomina ...201121333147
first report on incn plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrs1 in porcine escherichia coli in europe.plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) of enterobacteria encoded by qnr genes is an emerging concern in human and veterinary medicine. here we aimed to study pmqr of porcine escherichia coli in two large piggeries in romania and hungary. the studies identified pmqr e. coli strains in 34% of piglets in the romanian farm. clonality of six qnrs1 e. coli strains representing the romanian pig farm was established by multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and the qnrs1 plasmids were characterized by ...201121834664
inactivation of pathogens on pork by steam-ultrasound treatment.the objective of the study was to evaluate a new pathogen inactivation concept that combines application of pressurized steam simultaneously with high-power ultrasound through a series of nozzles. on skin and meat surfaces of pork jowl samples, counts of total viable bacteria were reduced by 1.1 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 1 s and by 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 4 s. the mean reduction of 1.7 to 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) on the skin surface was significantly higher than the reduction of 1 ...201121549047
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in spain: comparison between 1993 and 2006.a total of 226 chicken samples (carcasses, legs, wings, necks and breasts) were obtained (73 in 1993 and 153 in 2006) from 10 retail outlets in north-western spain and screened for the presence of salmonella. isolates were subjected to serotyping, phage typing (salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (15 antimicrobials; disk diffusion method). salmonella was detected in 40 (55%) samples in 1993 and 19 (12.4%) in 2006 (p<0.001). the serotypes (s ...201122208955
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 brazilian cities.to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. in frozen chicken carcasses at retail from 15 brazilian cities.201122358402
evaluation of diffusion and dilution methods to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts.the aim of this study was to evaluate diffusion and dilution methods for determining the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their mixtures. several methods for measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of a plant extract are available, but there is no standard procedure as there is for antibiotics. we tested different plant extracts, their mixtures and phenolic acids on selected gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes) and gram- ...201020171250
[epidemic hazard of water use in the reactivation of bacteria after disinfection].variability in the cultural and biochemical properties of indicator, opportunistic, and pathogenic bacteria and possibilities of their reactivation after exposure to chlorine-containing reagents and during photo-activated disinfection processes in the presence of photosensitizes were experimentally studied to enhance the epidemic reliability and adequacy of microbiological monitoring in the evaluation of the decontamination efficiency of water of its various use types. reactivation of coliform b ...201021341486
genetic analysis of multi-drug resistance and the clonal dissemination of beta-lactam resistance in salmonella infantis isolated from broilers.an epidemiologic study was conducted to investigate the incidence and characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants, analyzing plasmid profiles, and establishing the genetic relationship among beta-lactam-resistant isolates of salmonella infantis from broilers in southern japan. a total of 120 isolates were recovered from 56 flocks belonging to 44 holdings during 2004-2006. the percentages of resistance were as follows: ampicillin (24%), cephalothin (23%), cefoxitin (0%), ceftazidime (1 ...201019665854
assessment of survival of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella infantis and enterococcus faecalis artificially inoculated into experimental waste or compost.to evaluate survival of pathogenic strains, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella infantis and a sanitation indicator enterococcus faecalis in composts at different stages of the composting process and during storage.201019878526
induction of a homologous and heterologous invasion-inhibition effect after administration of salmonella strains to newly hatched chicks.administration of live salmonella strains to day-old chicks provides protection against infection within hours by intestinal colonisation-inhibition. however, the extent to which the oral application of live salmonella wild-type or vaccine strains may induce an early invasion-inhibition effect is unknown. potentially protective pre-treatment strains of salmonella enteritidis and infantis were examined for their ability (i) to colonise the caeca, to invade the liver, to induce an influx of granul ...201020732468
characterization of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of ampc-producing salmonella infantis from pigs.during the period of 2007-2008, a total of 270 pig fecal samples were collected from a meat processing plant located in southern japan and examined for salmonella species. a total of 44 salmonella isolates were recovered, and antimicrobial resistance was detected in serotypes typhimurium (n=9), infantis and choleraesuis (n=2), and derby, miyazaki and schwarzengrund (n=1). multidrug resistance was seen in serotypes typhimurium (n=8) and infantis (n=2). the most commonly observed resistance phenot ...201020622477
recovery of salmonella and escherichia coli from commercial egg shells and effect of translucency on bacterial penetration in eggs.this experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of salmonella and escherichia coli (e. coli). from the surface of egg shells, egg shell membranes or pores, and internal contents from unwashed eggs collected from commercial caged layer farms in australia. egg shell swabs, shell crush and egg internal contents (yolk and albumen) of an individual egg were processed for bacteriological examination. salmonella spp. were not detected from any of the egg shell surfaces, egg shell crush or egg int ...201020663580
detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (tem-52)-producing salmonella serotype infantis from broilers in japan.during 2004 and 2006, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) isolates (n = 120) were recovered from broiler cecal samples collected from a meat-processing plant, and the isolates were examined. the study was conducted to detect and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella infantis isolates recovered from broiler chickens and determine the mechanisms of transfer of the resistance traits. extended-spectrum ...201020039796
chicken meat is an infection source of salmonella serovar infantis for humans in japan.the study sets out to either confirm or refute a recent study's findings that chicken meat is an unlikely source of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) in humans in the kyushu-okinawa region, japan.201020141347
nationwide survey of salmonella prevalence in environmental dust from layer farms in japan.a nationwide survey was conducted to determine salmonella prevalence in airborne dust from layer farms. of the 4,090 layer farms in japan, 203 were surveyed and 48 (23.6%) of these were positive for salmonella. salmonella isolation rates were higher in the eastern (24.3%), central (25.6%), western (23.9%), and southern (27.5%) prefectures than they were in the northern (13.3%) prefecture. we recovered 380 salmonella isolates and identified 34 different salmonella serovars. salmonella infantis wa ...201021219710
salmonella serotype distribution in the dutch broiler supply chain.salmonella serotype distribution can give insight in contamination routes and persistence along a production chain. therefore, it is important to determine not only salmonella prevalence but also to specify the serotypes involved at the different stages of the supply chain. for this purpose, data from a national monitoring program in the netherlands were used to estimate the serotype distribution and to determine whether this distribution differs for the available sampling points in the broiler ...200919903970
efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated vaccine against the shedding of salmonella in a chicken challenge model.the safety and efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated salmonella vaccine consisting of salmonella enteritidis (se), salmonella typhimurium (st), and salmonella infantis (si) was evaluated with chickens. chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml per dose of the vaccine with an oil adjuvant. to assess the efficacy of the vaccine, vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged by oral inoculation of se, st, si, and salmonella heidelberg (sh) virulent strains 4 wk after vaccination. ...200919630237
decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of salmonella serovars other than typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of rama and soxs.mutants of five salmonella enterica serovars were investigated for structural changes in regulatory regions known to be involved in the up-regulation of efflux pumps.200919778917
use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize the heterogeneity and clonality of salmonella serotype enteritidis, typhimurium and infantis isolates obtained from whole liquid eggs.salmonella is a well-documented pathogen known to occur in a wide range of foods, especially poultry products. the most frequently reported food-sources of human infection are eggs and egg products. in this study, in order to describe salmonella contamination of egg products, 144 liquid egg samples were collected from 3 different egg-breaking plants during the 3 sampling periods. salmonella detection was performed on raw samples stored at 2 degrees c for 2 days (d+2) and on pasteurised samples s ...200919128850
extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases and ampc {beta}-lactamases in ceftiofur-resistant salmonella enterica isolates from food and livestock obtained in germany during 2003-07.detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and ampc-encoding genes was conducted in german salmonella isolated from different sources from 2003 to 2007.200919474065
fast detection of salmonella infantis with carbon nanotube field effect transistors.in this paper we report a fast, sensitive and label-free biosensor for the selective determination of salmonella infantis. it is based on a field effect transistor (fet) in which a network of single-walled carbon nantotubes (swcnts) acts as the conductor channel. anti-salmonella antibodies were adsorbed onto the swcnts and subsequently the swcnts were protected with tween 20 to prevent the non-specific binding of other bacteria or proteins. our fet devices were exposed to increasing concentratio ...200818495470
a national survey of the microbiological quality of retail raw meats in australia.a national survey of the microbiology of meat (ground beef and diced lamb) at the retail level in australia was undertaken. for ground beef samples (n = 360), the mean aerobic plate count (apc) was 5.79 log cfu/g, and escherichia coli was detected in 17.8% of samples; the mean population for these positive samples was 1.49 log cfu/g. enterobacteriaceae were detected in 96.9% of samples (mean for positive samples, 3.01 log cfu/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 28.1% of sam ...200818592751
salmonella sofia differs from other poultry-associated salmonella serovars with respect to cell surface hydrophobicity.salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. salmonella enterica subsp. ii 4,12:b:- (salmonella sofia) is commonly found in australian poultry. it has been suggested that physicochemical properties such as surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment to surfaces and their ability to persist in food systems. a possible link between hydrophobicity cell surface charge and persistence of salmonella from the poultry system was examined. hydrophobicity of ...200819244894
contamination of salmonella spp. in a pig finishing herd, from the arrival of the animals to the slaughterhouse.the aim of the present study was to investigate the contamination sources and the transmission of salmonella within a pig finishing herd in italy. nine sets of samples were collected during the fattening period from cleaned and disinfected pens, animals at different ages (4 days after arrival, 90, 150, 170 and 240 days of age) and at slaughter. salmonella was isolated from cleaned pens, individual faecal samples, the truck used to transport the pigs to the abattoir and after slaughter (cecal con ...200818230403
temporal distribution and genetic fingerprinting of salmonella in broiler flocks from southern japan.during the 1998 to 2003 period, cecal contents of 4,024 broiler chickens from 252 flocks raised in 63 holdings were examined for salmonella. the aims were to establish the actual status of the infection, its temporal distribution, prevalent serotype, and common genotype among broiler flocks brought at the slaughterhouse. collected samples were preenriched in hajna tetrathionate broth, and after 24 h of incubation, 10 microl of the broth was streaked on selective rambach agar plate. suspected sca ...200818420989
prevalence and characterization of salmonella infantis isolates originating from different points of the broiler chicken-human food chain in hungary.during the 10-month study period salmonella contamination of broiler houses and the flocks reared in three farms (a, b and c), the slaughter houses where the flocks were slaughtered, as well as the carcass and retail raw meat products originating from them was investigated. in the broiler farm a five consecutive flocks, in the b and c farms one flock was sampled. environmental samples were taken prior to the introductions. environmental, drinking water, feed and faecal samples were collected reg ...200818707787
an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a collection of stone curlews (burhinus oedicnemus) in dubai.we describe an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in stone curlews kept in a mixed-species rearing unit in dubai. cryptosporidium was the predominant intestinal pathogen detected, although microbiological investigations revealed a concurrent salmonella infantis infection in two of the 29 stone curlew chicks that died. nineteen of 29 birds had catarrhal enteritis associated with histopathological findings of numerous cryptosporidium developmental stages at the mucosal surface. catarrhal enteritis was ...200818798028
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