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plasmid typing and genetic context of ampc β-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible chromosomal ampc genes: findings from a spanish hospital 1999-2007.to gain insights into ampc transmission between bacterial strains.201221980067
Simultaneous production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by a recombinant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae.In this study, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was over-expressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae for simultaneous production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). Various genes encoding ALDH were cloned and expressed in K. pneumoniae, and expression of Escherichia colialdH resulted in the highest 3-HP titer in anaerobic cultures in shake flasks. Anaerobic fed-batch culture of this recombinant strain was further performed in a 5-L reactor. The 3-HP concentration and yield re ...201222055092
Emergence of carbapenem-resistant clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China.Carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem are first-line agents for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenems has increased dramatically among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant clinical i ...201221903823
in vivo comparison of cxa-101 (fr264205) with and without tazobactam versus piperacillin-tazobactam using human simulated exposures against phenotypically diverse gram-negative organisms.cxa-101 is a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin with enhanced activity against gram-negative organisms displaying various resistance mechanisms. this study evaluates the efficacy of exposures approximating human percent free time above the mic (%ft > mic) of cxa-101 with or without tazobactam and piperacillin-tazobactam (tzp) against target gram-negative organisms, including those expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). sixteen clinical gram-negative isolates (6 pseudomonas aeruginos ...201222064538
rapid detection of blaimp-6 by amplification refractory mutation system.klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to almost all ß-lactams except imipenem designated as ismrk (imipenem-susceptible meropenem-resistant klebsiella) is emerging in japan. all ismrk carries bla(imp-6) which differs from bla(imp-1) by only a single nucleotide at position 640. we devised a rapid detection system of bla(imp-6) by using arms pcr.201222108497
in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria.silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections.201221972270
the characteristics of vim-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae from south africa.abstract a study was designed to characterize a carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (kpsa01) isolated from a patient in gauteng, south africa without recent travel outside south africa. molecular characterization was done using isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for bla(vim), bla(imp), bla(ndm), bla(ctx-ms), bla(oxas), bla(tems), and bla(shv), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, multilocus sequencing typing, plasmid replicon typing, and addict ...201221954935
comparison of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae from four irish hospitals.in this study, the frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) mechanisms were investigated in 206 clinical isolates of third-generation cephalosporin (3gc)-resistant enterobacteriaceae in four hospitals in the republic of ireland. bla(ctx-m-15) was the predominant esbl gene. of these 3gc resistant isolates, 54 % were also resistant to ciprofloxacin. investigation of the pmqr mechanisms revealed that the aac(6')ib-cr gene predominated in fl ...201221903826
Transfer of an Escherichia coli ST131 multiresistance cassette has created a Klebsiella pneumoniae-specific plasmid associated with a major nosocomial outbreak.Objectives To characterize the complete sequence, horizontal spread and stability of the CTX-M-15-encoding multiresistance plasmid of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain involved in a large nosocomial outbreak. Methods The 220 kbp plasmid pUUH239.2 was completely sequenced using 454 technology. The conjugational host range, conjugation frequencies, plasmid stability and fitness cost of plasmid carriage were studied in vitro. Conjugational spread during the outbreak was assessed retrospectively by mu ...201221990049
characterization of a dha-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strain involved in an outbreak and role of the ampr regulator in virulence.a clonal strain of klebsiella pneumoniae producing the plasmid-encoded cephalosporinase dha-1 was isolated from four patients admitted to the teaching hospital of clermont-ferrand, france, in 2006. it was responsible for severe infections in three of the patients; the fourth was colonized only in the gastrointestinal tract. the strain had at least two plasmids encoding resistance to antibiotics (quinolones, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim), as shown by disk diffu ...201221986829
pharmacodynamics of β-lactamase inhibition by nxl104 in combination with ceftaroline: examining organisms with multiple types of β-lactamases.new broad-spectrum β-lactamases such as kpc enzymes and ctx-m-15 enzymes threaten to markedly reduce the utility of our armamentarium of β-lactam agents, even our most potent drugs, such as carbapenems. nxl104 is a broad-spectrum non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor. in this evaluation, we examined organisms carrying defined β-lactamases and identified doses and schedules of nxl104 in combination with the new cephalosporin ceftaroline, which would maintain good bacterial cell kill and suppress res ...201222024819
Genetic Features of the Widespread Plasmid Coding for the Carbapenemase OXA-48.Complete sequencing of plasmid pOXA-48a carrying the bla(OXA-48) gene from a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate was performed. Its backbone corresponded to that of an IncL/M-type plasmid, in which the bla(OXA-48) gene had been integrated through the acquisition of the Tn1999 composite transposon without any other antibiotic resistance gene. Molecular epidemiology using a collection of international OXA-48 producers revealed the wide diffusion of pOXA-48a or closely related plasmids.201222083465
A case of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Australia. 201222157689
Plasmid-mediated resistance in enterobacteriaceae: changing landscape and implications for therapy.Antimicrobial resistance is increasing worldwide, and pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to all available antimicrobial agents are increasingly reported. Emerging plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases are increasingly reported worldwide. Carbapenemase production encoded by genes located on mobile genetic elements is typically accompanied by genes encoding resistance to other drug classes, often but not necessarily located on the same mobile element. ...201222191792
ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in mauritius. 201222006002
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth.The chemical composition of the steam volatile oil of the whole aerial part of Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), obtained by steam distillation, has been analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (88.6%). A total of 50 constituents were identified, representing 94.4% of the total oil composition. Linalool (37.0%) and 1-octen-3-ol (32.0%) were found to be the principal constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined ...201222060314
A cautionary case of microbial solidarity: concurrent isolation of VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae from an infected wound. 201221969331
characterization of phragmites cummunis rhizosphere bacterial communities and metabolic products during the two stage sequential treatment of post methanated distillery effluent by bacteria and wetland plants.this study deals with the characterization of rhizosphere bacterial communities and metabolic products produced during the two stage sequential treatment of post methanated distillery effluent by bacteria and constructed wetland plants. results showed that bacterial treatment followed by wetland plants (phragmites cummunis) resulted 94.5% and 96.0% reduction in bod and cod values, respectively. the pcr-rflp analysis showed the presence of stenotrophomonas, enterobacter, pantoea, acinetobacter an ...201222047662
mobilizable narrow host range plasmids as natural suicide vectors enabling horizontal gene transfer among distantly related bacterial species.klebsiella pneumoniae 287-w carries three small narrow host range (nhr) plasmids (pigms31, pigms32, and pigrk), which could be maintained in several closely related species of gammaproteobacteria, but not in alphaproteobacteria. the plasmids contain different mobilization systems (mob), whose activity in escherichia coli was demonstrated in the presence of the helper transfer system originating from plasmid rk2. the mobs of pigms31 and pigms32 are highly conserved in many bacterial plasmids (mem ...201222092700
emergence of an autochthonous and community-acquired ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in europe. 201221960718
Thermal treatment of the bacteriophage lysate of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 as a step for the purification of capsular depolymerase enzyme.The lytic bacteriophage which produces the hydrolase enzyme capable of depolymerizing exopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae and of other bacteria was isolated earlier. In this study, a simple method of depolymerase purification from the phage lysate by dissociating the enzyme from the phage particle was developed. The bacteriophage showed a relatively smaller plaque size surrounded by a wide halo indicating a depolymerase action on the capsular polysaccharide of K. pneumoniae B5055. The dep ...201222036659
Antimicrobial activities of three species of family mimosaceae.The antimicrobial activities of crude methanolic extract of leaves of Acacia nilotica L., Albizia lebbeck L. and Mimosa himalayana Gamble belonging to family mimosaceae were investigated in this research work. Antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method against one gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and three gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Crude extract of all plants showed best activity against gram-negative bacterial strains w ...201222186331
Emergence in Japan of an imipenem-susceptible, meropenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla(IMP-6).We identified 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showing high resistance to ß-lactams except imipenem and designated them ISMRK (imipenem-susceptible but meropenem-resistant Klebsiella). They carried the bla(IMP-6) and bla(CTX-M-2) on a self-transmissible plasmid. ISMRK may be falsely categorized as susceptible to carbapenems if imipenem is used to screen carbapenem resistance.201222078906
production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid through propionaldehyde dehydrogenase pdup mediated biosynthetic pathway in klebsiella pneumoniae.the pdup gene encodes a propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pdup) was investigated for the role in 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-hp) glycerol metabolism in klebsiella pneumoniae. the enzyme assay showed that cell extracts from a pdup mutant strain lacked measurable dehydrogenase activity. additionally, the mutant strain accumulated the cytotoxic intermediate metabolite 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), causing both cell death and a lower final 3-hp titer. ectopic expression of pdup restored normal cell ...201222018749
[Five years following of infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae].Actually, epidemiology of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide, especially in urinary tract infections (UTI). The objective of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of ESBL producers in a department of urology.201222196001
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selective digestive decontamination using oral gentamicin and oral polymyxin e for eradication of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae carriage.to assess the effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (sdd) for eradicating carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal carriage.201222173517
identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught anopheles stephensi: a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates.to describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence library. forty species in 12 genera including seven gram-negative myroides, chryse ...201222074685
emergence of klebsiella pneumoniae isolate co-producing ndm-1 with kpc-2 from india. 201221990048
Exploring the DNA binding mode of transition metal based biologically active compounds.Few novel 4-aminoantipyrine derived Schiff bases and their metal complexes were synthesized and characterized. Their structural features and other properties were deduced from the elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity as well as from mass, IR, UV-vis, (1)H NMR and EPR spectral studies. The binding of the complexes with CT-DNA was analyzed by electronic absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, and cyclic voltammetry. The interaction of the metal complexes with ...201222020164
In vitro activity of avibactam (NXL104) in combination with ß-lactams against Gram-negative bacteria, including OXA-48 ß-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of avibactam (formerly NXL104) in combination with imipenem, cefepime or ceftazidime against Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial isolates included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbouring PER-1 ß-lactamase (n=14); Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring PER-1, OXA-51 and OXA-58 (n=20); carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25) and Escherichia coli (n=1) harbouring OXA-48; carbapenem-non-susceptible E. coli (n=1) ...201222041508
Nosocomial Outbreak of VIM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates of Multilocus Sequence Type 15: Molecular Basis, Clinical Risk Factors, and Outcome.We study the epidemiology, molecular basis, clinical risk factors, and outcome involved in the clonal dissemination of VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in the hospital setting. All patients infected/colonized by carbapenem-nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae (CNSKP) in 2009 were included. Molecular epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Plasmids were studied ...201222005997
characterization of carbapenem-nonsusceptible klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates at a taiwanese hospital: clinical impacts of lowered breakpoints for carbapenems.this study was conducted in order to characterize carbapenem-nonsusceptible klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and to evaluate the impacts of recently lowered interpretative breakpoints for carbapenems for enterobacteriaceae. among 152 k. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates suspected as ampc or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers, 58 (38.2%) isolates were currently interpreted as nonsusceptible to ertapenem, imipenem, or meropenem, and 42 (72.4%) of them were categorized as carbapenem-suscept ...201222249422
significance of perioperative infection in survival of patients with ovarian cancer.perioperative infectious diseases comprise some of the most common causes of surgical mortality in women with ovarian cancer. this study was aimed to evaluate the significance of perioperative infections in survival of patients with ovarian cancer.201222228425
different potency of bacterial antigens, both tlr2 and tlr4 ligands, in stimulating mature mast cells to cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis.the aim of study was to compare the potency of different bacterial antigens to induce rat mature mast cell to cysteinyl leukotriene (cyslt) generation. we examined toll-like receptor (tlr)2 agonists, i.e. lipoteichoic acid (lta) staphylococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus, lipoarabinomannan (lam) mycobacterium smegmatis, peptydoglican (pgn) staphylococcus aureus, as well as tlr4 agonists, i.e. lipopolysaccharide (lps) klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudo ...201222233438
piperacillin-tazobactam as an initial empirical therapy of bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. 201222274414
french results of the aresc study: clinical aspects and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in female patients with cystitis. implications for empiric therapy.objective: uncomplicated cystitis is one of the most frequent community infections. we report the french results of the international aresc study on the clinical aspects, epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens. patient and methods: female patients between 18 and 65 years of age, with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis, were investigated clinically with urinalysis and urine culture. uropathogens were identified and their susceptibility was tested with nine antimicrobials. ...201222264668
etiology of acute, non-malaria, febrile illnesses in jayapura, northeastern papua, indonesia.abstract. we conducted a prospective, inpatient fever study in malaria-endemic papua, indonesia to determine non-malaria fever etiologies. investigations included malaria blood films, blood culture, paired serologic samples analysis for dengue, japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsia. during 1997-2000, 226 patients (127 males and 99 females) 1-80 years of age (median age = 25 years) were enrolled. positive blood cultures (n = 34, 15%) ...201222232450
klebsiella pneumoniae related community-acquired acute lower respiratory infections in cambodia: clinical characteristics and treatment.abstract: background: in many asian countries, klebsiella pneumoniae (kp) is the second pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia. yet, very little is known about kp etiology in alri in cambodia, a country that has one of the weakest medical infrastructures in the region. we present here the first clinico-radiological description of kp community-acquired alri in hospitalized cambodian patients. methods: through alri surveillance in two provincial hospitals, kp was isolated from sput ...201222233322
phenotypic screening of carbapenemases and associated beta-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.dissemination of carbapenem resistance among enterobacteriaceae poses a considerable threat to public health. carbapenemase gene detection by molecular methods is the gold standard but is only available in few laboratories. the aim of this study was to test phenotypic methods for the detection of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)- or klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae and associated mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance against a panel of 30 genotypically characterized ...201222259214
bronchoscopic findings in children with chronic wet cough.objectives:protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as the presence of more than 4 weeks of chronic wet cough that resolves with appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. the diagnosis of protracted bacterial bronchitis is not readily accepted within the pediatric community, however, and data on the incidence of bacterial bronchitis in children are deficient. the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial bronchitis in children with chron ...201222232311
coastal seawater bacteria harbor a large reservoir of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in jiaozhou bay, china.diversity and prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were investigated in environmental bacteria isolated from surface seawater of jiaozhou bay, china. five qnr gene alleles were identified in 34 isolates by pcr amplification, including qnra3 gene in a shewanella algae isolate, qnrb9 gene in a citrobacter freundii isolate, qnrd gene in 22 proteus vulgaris isolates, qnrs1 gene in 1 enterobacter sp. and 4 klebsiella spp. isolates, and qnrs2 gene in 1 pseudomonas sp. and 4 ...201222252223
in vitro potential of equine defa1 and ecath1 as alternative antimicrobial drugs in rhodococcosis treatment.rhodococcus equi, the causal agent of rhodococcosis, is a severe pathogen of foals but also of immunodeficient humans causing bronchopneumonia. the pathogen is often found together with klebsiella pneumoniae or streptococcus zooepidemicus in foals. of great concern is the fact that some r. equi strains are already resistant to commonly used antibiotics. in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro potential of two equine antimicrobial peptides (amps), ecath1 and defa1, as new drugs against r. ...201222232283
study of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacteriaceae, isolated from diabetic foot infections in a north indian tertiary-care hospital.abstract aim: this study evaluated the incidence and factors responsible for plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) infection among patients with diabetic foot ulcer (dfu). subjects and methods: a prospective study was conducted on 162 dfu inpatients treated in a multidisciplinary-based diabetes and endocrinology center at jawaharlal nehru medical college of aligarh muslim university, aligarh, india, during the period of december 2008-march 2011. detailed history and patient's ...201222225456
characterization of a single-stranded dna-binding protein from klebsiella pneumoniae: mutation at either arg73 or ser76 causes a less cooperative complex on dna.single-stranded dna-binding protein (ssb) plays an important role in dna metabolism, such as in processes like dna replication, repair and recombination, and is essential for cell survival. here, we characterized the ssdna-binding properties of klebsiella pneumoniae ssb (kpssb) by using fluorescence-quenching measurements, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (emsa) and site-directed mutagenesis. analysis of purified kpssb by gel-filtration chromatography showed a stable tetramer in solution. ...201222244199
development of an optimized random amplified polymorphic dna protocol for fingerprinting of klebsiella pneumoniae.aims:  to develop an optimized random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) protocol for fingerprinting clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. methods and results:  employing factorial design of experiments, repeatable amplification patterns were obtained for 54 nosocomial isolates using 1 μmol 1(-1) primer, 4 mmol 1(-1) mgcl(2) , 0·4 mmol 1(-1) dntps, 2·5 u taq dna polymerase and 90 ng dna template in a total volume of 25 μl. the optimum thermocycling program was: initial denaturation at 94° ...201222220979
mitochondrial dna 8993t>g mutation in a child with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and leigh syndrome: an unexpected association.mc, female, is the third child of a nonconsanguineous portuguese couple, born after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. a positive family history of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, associated with the ivs8+1 g>a mutation in the ornithine transcarbamylase gene, prompted prenatal diagnosis with identification of the same mutation in the proband. during an episode of klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis at 1.5 months of age, lactic acidosis and moderate hyperammonemia were noticed. after a short a ...201222241703
role of primary bacterial contamination of a pulmonary homograft for ross operation: report of a case and review of the literature.in a 43-year-old female, ross operation was performed with annular reinforcement of the autograft and a cryo-fixed homograft that proved to be contaminated with enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae at the time of operation. clinical course was unremarkable, perhaps due to effective antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment. in the literature, little is known about intraoperative bacterial contamination and early endocarditis. the authors report what they believe is the second reported case. ...201222215504
faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae among humans in java, indonesia, in 2001-2002.objective  to characterise commensal escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on java, indonesia, in 2001-2002. methods  the putative extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double-disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, pcr assays, dna sequencing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). ...201222248076
the role of nutrients in the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in liquid and soil.the widely used explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) has residues that are potentially explosive, toxic, and mutagenic. tnt and other explosives can be degraded by microorganisms; however, biostimulation is needed for process efficiency. to investigate the effectiveness of using biostimulation to degrade tnt, we added varying concentrations of a nutrient amendment consisting of inorganic salts, plant extracts, and molasses to soil and liquid media. for the inoculum we used a consortium of bacte ...201222245864
chemical compositions of the essential oils of aerial parts of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni.the chemical compositions of the aerial parts essential oils of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni from corsica and sardinia were investigated employing gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the structure of (z)-heptadeca-9,16-dien-7-one, a natural compound not previously described, was elucidated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact and chemical ionization) and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the variation in ch ...201222225420
antimicrobial activity of ulopterol isolated from toddalia asiatica (l.) lam.: a traditional medicinal plant.aim of the study: the leaves of toddalia asiatica (l.) lam. (rutaceae) are widely used in folk medicine in india to treat various ailments. in our earlier communication we have reported the antimicrobial study on the various extracts of the leaves and the isolation and identification of flindersine, a quinolone alkaloid as the major active principle. in the present study, we report the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ulopterol, a coumarin isolated as another major active antimicrobial ...201222265751
prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in thailand.objective: the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate (trusb) and the factors associated with such antibiotic resistance. methods: a prospective study of patients undergoing trusb was conducted. rectal swabs were performed and sent for cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing before trusb. clinical characteristics were determined. results: 287 gram-neg ...201222269856
klebsiella pneumoniae st258 producing kpc-3 identified in italy carries novel plasmids and ompk36/ompk35 porin variants.a carbapenemase resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strain, clone st258 producing kpc-3 was fully characterized. the entire plasmid content was investigated, identifying plasmids of the incfii(k) (two of them similar to pkpqil and pkpn3, respectively), incx and cole types, encoding for a formidable set of resistance genes against toxic compounds, metals and antimicrobial drugs and a novel iron(iii) uptake system.201222252815
nosocomial clustering of ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 340 in four patients at a korean tertiary care hospital.in november 2010, ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (ndmkp) was identified from four patients stayed for 21 to 205 days in a tertiary care hospital with no travelling history abroad, which was first time in korea. all were st340 and had nearly identical xbai-pfge patterns. the bla(ndm-1)-carrying plasmids were inc/rep n group with a variable size of 50-200 kb. these findings suggest that ndmkp had already been introduced into korea before this clustering found.201222259206
prevalence of plasmid mediated bla(tem-1) and bla(ctx-m-15) type extended spectrum beta-lactamases in patients with sepsis.to characterize the bacterial pathogens in patients having gram negative septicaemia. further, to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and underlying molecular mechanisms in these strains.201222221749
seroepidemiology of klebsiella pneumoniae colonizing the intestinal tract of healthy chinese and overseas chinese adults in asian countries.abstract: background: capsular serotypes k1 and k2 of klebsiella pneumoniae are thought to the major virulence determinants responsible for liver abscess. the intestine is one of the major reservoirs of k. pneumoniae, and epidemiological studies have suggested that the majority of k. pneumoniae infections are preceded by colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in liver abscess has been raised on the basis of molecular typing of isolates. data on th ...201222260182
characterization of a novel klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 476 carrying both bla (kpc-2) and bla (imp-4).carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae has recently spread rapidly throughout china. in this study, we characterized a carbapenem-resistant k. pneumoniae isolate that produced both kpc-2 and imp-4 type carbapenemases. a clinical isolate of k. pneumoniae, resistant to both meropenem and imipenem, was recovered from a urine sample. antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method and etest (biomérieux, france). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus seq ...201222271301
a randomised, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with ceftriaxone with or without linezolid for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious infection requiring hospitalisation in 20% of cases. the novel cephalosporin ceftobiprole has microbiological activity against the major bacterial pathogens causing cap, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as against staphylococcus aureus, including meticillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa). this was a multicentre, double-blind study in which 706 patients with cap severe enough to require hospit ...201222230331
antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections in south african hospitals (smart study 2004-2009): impact of the new carbapenem breakpoints.abstract background: the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart) follows trends in resistance among aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) isolated from complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais) in patients around the world. methods: during 2004-2009, three centralized clinical microbiology laboratories serving 59 private hospitals in three large south african cities collected 1,218 gnb from complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais) and t ...201222220506
bla (kpc) and rmtb on a single plasmid in enterobacter amnigenus and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the same patient.enterobacter amnigenus (ea76) and klebsiella pneumoniae (kp76) isolates with multidrug-resistant (mdr) patterns were identified from the same patient in the neurosurgery department of our hospital. an outbreak of mdr k. pneumoniae had also occurred in this department. to characterize the resistance mechanism and molecular epidemiology of these isolates, sequential experiments including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), plasmid analysis, pulsed field gel elect ...201222237458
chemometric modeling and two-dimensional fluorescence analysis of bioprocess with a new strain of klebsiella pneumoniae to convert residual glycerol into 1,3-propanediol.the goal of this study was to show that the metabolism of klebsiella pneumoniae under different aeration strategies could be monitored and predicted by the application of chemometric models and fluorescence spectroscopy. multi-wavelength fluorescence was applied to the on-line monitoring of process parameters for k. pneumoniae cultivations. differences observed in spectra collected under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis can be explained by the different metabolic states of the ce ...201222252443
emphysematous cystitis: a rare cause of gross hematuria.emphysematous cystitis is a relatively rare infectious condition of the urinary bladder. the mortality rate is high if the diagnosis is delayed or if the treatment is inadequate. we present an uncommon case of emphysematous cystitis and highlight the risk factors for this disease. an 81-year-old man with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes and a central pontine infarction presented to the emergency department due to gross hematuria. computed tomography (ct) and plain radiography revealed l ...201118993014
c-reactive protein and interleukin-6 responses for differentiating fungal and bacterial aetiology in late-onset neonatal sepsis.fungal infections are increasingly frequent causes of neonatal sepsis (ns). this study examined the predictive value of the combined evaluation of the c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin-6 (il-6) responses for differentiating fungal and bacterial aetiologies in patients with ns. from january to september 2007, neonates who were diagnosed with ns and had their crp and il-6 levels measured were selected. based on their blood culture results, the neonates were divided into two groups: group of ...201119889172
detection of leptospira in urine using anti-leptospira-coated gold nanoparticles.serological assays for antibody detection have been widely used for leptospirosis diagnosis. however, antibody is usually undetectable during the first week after infection. detection of leptospira dna can be done by pcr but this technique requires special equipments and the cost is still relatively high. here we demonstrate that gold nanoparticles can be used to facilitate leptospira detection. gold nanoparticles were coated with rabbit antibody specific to leptospira interrogans serovar bratis ...201120015548
rosiglitazone ameliorates endotoxin-induced organ damage in conscious rats.rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-γ agonist. by inhibiting nuclear factor κb (nf-κb), it decreases tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and interleukin 6 (il-6) and has an anti-inflammatory effect. endotoxin shock can induce the production of several inflammatory mediators such as tnf-α and il-6, leading to multiple organ dysfunction and death. we investigated the effects of rosiglitazone (.3 mg/kg, intravenous administration) on the physiologic attributes and cytok ...201120034949
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of mycobacterium bovis.bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is an important zoonosis. in this study, a simple, rapid method for detecting this organism was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the mpt83 gene. the technique will be of value in the clinical and field-based diagnosis of m. bovis and can differentiate it from other bacteria such as corynebacterium diphtheriae, streptococcus pneumoniae, β-haemolytic streptococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, stap ...201120138787
intercontinental spread from israel to colombia of a kpc-3-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strain.in 2008, an increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae was noted in a 286-bed tertiary case hospital in colombia, where 84 patients (32 infected and 52 colonized) had positive cultures. the identified index patient came from israel for a liver transplantation. high level carbapenem resistance was observed. polymyxin b and tigecycline were the only two antibiotics that remained active. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing revealed blak ...201120219078
metallo-β-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008.the emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern. producers have been repeatedly isolated from patients and long-term care facility (ltcf) residents around bolzano, and we sought to assess their prevalence and clinical impact. all routine enterobacteriaceae isolates from a bolzano tertiary-care hospital and associated long-term care facilities in 2008 (n = 5500) were screened for mbls, with case details reviewed for the source patients. i ...201120345467
an outbreak of neonatal sepsis presenting with exanthematous rash caused by klebsiella pneumoniae.newborns often present with skin conditions ranging from transient benign to severe. an occasional cause of neonatal exanthemic rash is infection due to gram-positive bacteria, but gram-negative infection is uncommon. we describe an outbreak of sepsis in 10 neonates over a 2-week period, caused by klebsiella pneumoniae in a level iii neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). seven babies developed an exanthematous maculopapular rash. molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that ...201120370956
bacteriological quality of drinking water in nyala, south darfur, sudan.the objective of this study was to determine the bacterial contaminations in drinking water in nyala city, south darfur, sudan with special reference to the internally displaced people camps (idps). two hundred and forty water samples from different sites and sources including bore holes, hand pumps, dug wells, water points, water reservoir and household storage containers were collected in 2009. the most probable number method was used to detect and count the total coliform, faecal coliform and ...201120480392
cadmium chloride exhibits a profound toxic effect on bacterial microflora of the mice gastrointestinal tract.cadmium (cd²(+)), a naturally occurring heavy metal, is an important environmental pollutant and a potent toxicant to bacteria. the gastrointestinal (gi) tract microflora has a marked capacity to cope with the increased load of ingested metals. however, heavy metals may have harmful effects on git microflora. under the conditions of experimental exposure to cadmium, changes in the population of intestinal microflora in healthy mice were examined. five experimental groups received 23 to 50 mg kg⁻ ...201120488844
kpc-2 producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli co-infection in a catheter-related infection.we describe the first report of simultaneous blood infection with kpc-2 producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in a brazilian patient. we highlight the importance of implementing efficient infection control measures to limit the spread of these phenotypes in a hospital setting.201120491828
risk factors for late onset gram-negative infections: a case-control study.to determine the incidence, mortality and risk factors for neonatal late onset gram-negative sepsis and meningitis (logns).201120538712
one-day point prevalence of emerging bacterial pathogens in four secondary and five tertiary care german hospitals - results from a pilot study of the german society for hospital hygiene (deutsche gesellschaft für krankenhaushygiene, dgkh).objective: data on the prevalence of emerging bacterial pathogens like extended-spectrum-lactamase-building (esbl) gram negative organisms, multiresistant pseudomonas and acinetobacter species or toxin-building clostridium difficile in german hospitals are sparse. to provide data for different regions in germany, a one-day point prevalence study with five tertiary care hospitals and four secondary care hospitals was conducted on the 10(th) of february 2010.method: for participating hospitals, th ...201122242101
klebsiella pneumoniae septic wrist arthritis successfully treated with ertapenem and levofloxacin. 201122233826
isolation and characterization of lipase-producing bacteria in the intestine of the silkworm, bombyx mori, reared on different forage.abstract the silkworm, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), an oligophagous insect that mainly feeds on mulberry leaves, is susceptible to entomopathogen infection when reared with tricuspid cudrania leaves. a total of 56 dominant bacterial strains, classified into 12 phylotypes based on bacteriological properties and analysis of 16s rrna genes, were isolated from the intestine of the fourth and fifth instar silkworm larvae. ten and seven phylotypes exist in the intestine of the silkworm ...201122243438
functional analysis of cus operon promoter of klebsiella pneumoniae using e. coli lacz assay.the transcriptional fusion of reporter lacz gene with cusrs regulatory promoter of cus operon of klebsiella pneumoniae enabled us to analyze the inductive effect of copper on promoter via lacz assay. the stimulus response curve of promoter to a range of copper metal concentrations indicated a normal sigmoidal response profile with apparent hill coefficient 1.0. there was a positive correlation of promoter response to the increasing concentration of copper in the medium. ac(50) value of copper wa ...201122230226
a case of oxa-48 carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient transferred to slovenia from libya, november 2011. 201122221496
on the evolution of the sexually transmitted bacteria haemophilus ducreyi and klebsiella granulomatis.haemophilus ducreyi and klebsiella (calymmatobacterium) granulomatis are sexually transmitted bacteria that cause characteristic, persisting ulceration on external genitals called chancroid and granuloma inguinale, respectively. those ulcers are endemic in developing countries or exist, as does granuloma inguinale, only in some geographic "hot spots."h. ducreyi is placed in the genus haemophilus (family pasteurellacae); however, this phylogenetic position is not obvious. the multiple ways in whi ...201122239475
production of 2,3-butanediol from acid hydrolysates of jatropha hulls with klebsiella oxytoca.jatropha hulls were successfully for the first time used as raw materials for the production of 2,3-butanediol via dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fermentation with klebsiella oxytoca. two-step hydrolysis was used to effectively hydrolyze the hulls at 150°c after pretreatment. in the first-step, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed under mild conditions (0.5h, 1.5% acid) to avoid secondary decomposition. the remained cellulose was further hydrolyzed in the second-step under severer conditions (1h, 4 ...201122230777
prevalence of bacterial pathogens in aseer region, kingdom of saudi arabia: emphasis on antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus.this short study aims to determine the prevalence of various bacterial pathogens causing infections in the aseer regions, and to also assess the distribution of staphylococcus aureus in relation to different body sites as well as their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile.201122216389
biochemical characterization of the tem-107 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from south korea.the tem-107 extended-spectrum β-lactamase detected in a klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate had a gly238ser substitution compared to the tem-43 β-lactamase. the mic of ceftazidime was higher (64 μg/ml) than that of cefotaxime (2 μg/ml) for the isolate. clavulanic acid reduced the mic of ceftazidime 64-fold.201121911565
[investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients].pseudomonas aeruginosa which is widely found in the environment, may lead to serious nosocomial infections. due to its intrinsic resistance to many antibacterial agents, treatment of p.aeruginosa infections usually present difficulty. quinolones, especially ciprofloxacin, are crutial antibiotics for the treatment of p.aeruginosa infections. however resistance developing to quinolones may become an important problem. resistance to quinolones is often a result of chromosomal mutations and by the e ...201122090290
[isolation of an excellent bio-flocculant-producing strain and its application in the treatment of cold-rolling waste oily water].an excellent strain (designated as t-3) which produces bio-flocculants was isolated from soil samples, and identified as klebsiella sp. species based on the analysis of morphology, physiology and biochemistry and 16s rdna sequences measurement. the effects of culture conditions such as ph values, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on bio-flocculants production by t-3 strain were studied. the experiment results show that t-3 strain has better adaptability to carbon sources and nitro ...201122165244
differential effect of prior influenza infection on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli: involvement of interferon-gamma production.the influenza a virus is one of the main causes of respiratory infection. although influenza virus infection alone can result in pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection combined with the virus is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. interestingly, while influenza infection increases susceptibility to some bacteria, including streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), and haemophilus influenzae, other bacteria such as escherichia coli (e. coli) and klebsiella pneumoniae ...201121895747
overcoming the rigors of klebsiella pneumoniae. 201121879371
engineering genetically encoded nanosensors for real-time in vivo measurements of citrate concentrations.citrate is an intermediate in catabolic as well as biosynthetic pathways and is an important regulatory molecule in the control of glycolysis and lipid metabolism. mass spectrometric and nmr based metabolomics allow measuring citrate concentrations, but only with limited spatial and temporal resolution. methods are so far lacking to monitor citrate levels in real-time in-vivo. here, we present a series of genetically encoded citrate sensors based on förster resonance energy transfer (fret). we s ...201122164251
Fermentation strategies for 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol using a genetically engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae strain to eliminate by-product formation.We generated a genetically engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (AK-VOT) to eliminate by-product formation during production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) from glycerol. In the present study, the glycerol-metabolizing properties of the recombinant strain were examined during fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor. As expected, by-product formation was completely absent (except for acetate) when the AK-VOT strain fermented glycerol. However, 1,3-PD productivity was severely reduced owing to a delay in ...201121959580
Necrotic intramuscular chloroma with infection: magnetic resonance imaging features.We recently experienced the case of an intramuscular chloroma with infection in a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the lesion mimicked an abscess, but diffusion-weighted imaging showed no diffusion restriction. These results suggested that the interior cystic portion was serous. On histopathological findings, a chloroma was diagnosed on the wall of a mass. Culture of the interior fluid revealed that Klebsiella pneumon ...201122009427
evolution of surfactant protein-d levels in children with ventilator-associated pneumonia.rationale: the pathobiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in children is poorly understood; investigation has been limited by lack of universally applied diagnostic criteria and reliable biomarkers for this condition. objectives: we evaluated the clinical pulmonary infection score (cpis) in diagnosing vap and prospectively characterized the relationship between surfactant protein-d (sp-d) metabolism and vap. methods: children admitted to an egyptian picu requiring intubation were scre ...201121901856
effects of copper nanoparticle exposure on host defense in a murine pulmonary infection model.human exposure to nanoparticles (nps) and environmental bacteria can occur simultaneously. nps induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress but may also have immune-suppressive effects, impairing macrophage function and altering epithelial barrier functions. the purpose of this study was to assess the potential pulmonary effects of inhalation and instillation exposure to copper (cu) nps using a model of lung inflammation and host defense.201121943386
antibacterial activity of the essential oils of pistacia lentiscus used in moroccan folkloric medicine.the essential oil of the leaves of pistacia lentiscus, collected from the middle atlas in morocco, was analyzed by gc and gc-ms. altogether 43 components in concentrations of more than 0.2% were identified representing 97.4% of the oil composition. the main constituents were germanicol (12.8%), thunbergol (8.8%), himachalene (7.4%), trans-squalene (6.7%), terpinyl propionate (6.7%), 3,3-dimenthol (6.2%) and cadina-1.4-diene (5.1%). the oils showed strong activity against klebsiella pneumonia, bu ...201122164794
[Endogenous endophthalmitis as a first clinical manifestation of Klebsiella sepsis. The importance of an early diagnosis].CASE REPORT: A diabetic patient who developed a unilateral uveitis with a chorioretinitis patch in his right eye associated with decreased visual acuity and fever. Endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected and complementary tests were performed, finding hepatic abscesses with Klebsiella isolation in the biopsy. The ocular disorder slowly improved with intravenous therapy and guided percutaneous liver drainage. CONCLUSION: Endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis is an uncommon condition with severe ...201122117741
High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Nonfermenters in Hospital-acquired Pneumonia in Asia.Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has aroused the concern of the failure of antibiotic treatment. Objectives: To determine the distribution of the bacterial isolates of HAP and VAP, their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and impact of discordant antibiotic therapy on clinical outcome in Asian countries Methods: A prospective surveillance study was conduct ...201121920919
phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the gut of house flies (musca domestica l.).house flies (musca domestica l.) are cosmopolitan, ubiquitous, synanthropic insects that serve as mechanical or biological vectors for various microorganisms. to fully assess the role of house flies in the epidemiology of human diseases, it is essential to understand the diversity of microbiota harbored by natural fly populations. this study aimed to identify the diversity of house fly gut bacteria by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. a total of 102 bacterial strains wer ...201122092755
Cortistatin is induced in brain tissue and exerts neuroprotection in a rat model of bacterial meningoencephalitis.There are fewer reports of brain infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae than there are in other organs, but an increase incidence and morbidity has been noted. We have previously developed a rat model of K. pneumoniae meningoencephalitis. Cortistatin (CST) is a recently discovered neuropeptide with endocrine activities in humans. In this study, we found that brain infection by K. pneumoniae increased endogenous prepro-CST messenger RNA expression, which occurred earlier than did leukocyte infiltrati ...201121940421
Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a 5-day ceftiofur hydrochloride intramammary treatment on nonsevere gram-negative clinical mastitis.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary treatment with ceftiofur hydrochloride of nonsevere, clinical coliform mastitis. One hundred four cases on 5 farms met the enrollment criteria for the study. Escherichia coli was the most common coliform species identified in milk samples from cows with mild to moderate clinical mastitis, followed by Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. At enrollment, a milk sample from the affected quarter was taken and used for on-farm c ...201122118109
genetic features of blandm-1-positive enterobacteriaceae.genetic features associated with the bla(ndm-1) gene were investigated in 6 escherichia coli, 7 klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 citrobacter freundii, 1 proteus mirabilis, and 1 providencia stuartii isolate of worldwide origin. clonal diversity was observed for both e. coli and k. pneumoniae. the bla(ndm-1) gene was carried by different plasmid types (inca/c, incf, incl/m, or untypeable) and was likely chromosome borne in two isolates. the bla(ndm-1) plasmids coharbored a variety of resistance determina ...201121859933
structure of plantaricin locus of lactobacillus plantarum 8p-a3.lactobacillus plantarum 8p-a3 is a strain which is well known on the russian pharmaceutical market and it is included in several probiotic products. the strain has been widely used since 1973 but the mechanisms of its antibacterial activity were unknown. l. plantarum 8p-a3 expressed high antagonistic activity against the wide range of bacterial pathogens including streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneu ...201122146685
evolution to carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity in noncarbapenemase class d β-lactamase oxa-10 by rational protein design.class d β-lactamases with carbapenemase activity are emerging as carbapenem-resistance determinants in gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly acinetobacter baumannii and klebsiella pneumoniae. carbapenemase activity is an unusual feature among class d β-lactamases, and the structural elements responsible for this activity remain unclear. based on structural and molecular dynamics data, we previously hypothesized a potential role of the residues located in the short-loop connecting strands β5 ...201122042844
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