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evidence for a missing source of efficient ice nuclei.it has been known for several decades that some bioaerosols, such as ice-nucleation-active (ina) bacteria, especially pseudomonas syringae strains, may play a critical potential role in the formation of clouds and precipitation. we investigated bacterial and fungal ice nuclei (in) in rainwater samples collected from the hulunber temperate grasslands in north china. the median freezing temperatures (t50) for three years' worth of unprocessed rain samples were greater than -10 °c based on immersio ...201728045124
induced systemic resistance against botrytis cinerea by bacillus cereus ar156 through a ja/et- and npr1-dependent signaling pathway and activates pamp-triggered immunity in arabidopsis.induced resistance response is a potent and cost effective plant defense against pathogen attack. the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of the suppressive ability by bacillus cereus ar156 to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) in arabidopsis has been investigated previously; however, the strength of induced systemic resistance (isr) activity against botrytis cinerea remains unknown. here, we show that root-drench application of ar156 significantly reduces disease incidence ...201728293243
microbial interactions in the phyllosphere increase plant performance under herbivore biotic stress.the phyllosphere supports a tremendous diversity of microbes and other organisms. however, little is known about the colonization and survival of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria alone or together in the phyllosphere across the whole plant life-cycle under herbivory, which hinders our ability to understand the role of phyllosphere bacteria on plant performance. we addressed these questions in experiments using four genetically and biogeographically diverse accessions of arabidopsis thaliana, t ...201728163703
immune responses induced by oligogalacturonides are differentially affected by avrpto and loss of bak1/bkk1 and pepr1/pepr2.plants possess an innate immune system capable of restricting invasion by most potential pathogens. at the cell surface, the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) represents the first event for the prompt mounting of an effective immune response. pathogens have evolved effectors that block mamp-triggered immunity. the pseudomonas syringae effector avrpto abolishes immunity triggered ...201727118426
biofilm formation and cellulose expression by bordetella avium 197n, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans.although bacterial cellulose synthase (bcs) operons are widespread within the proteobacteria phylum, subunits required for the partial-acetylation of the polymer appear to be restricted to a few γ-group soil, plant-associated and phytopathogenic pseudomonads, including pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and several pseudomonas syringae pathovars. however, a bcs operon with acetylation subunits has also been annotated in the unrelated β-group respiratory pathogen, bordetella avium 197n. our comparison ...201728131895
ectopic expression of the wild grape wrky transcription factor vqwrky52 in arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew but not to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea.wrky transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to biotic stresses. we previously showed that the expression of the wrky gene, vqwrky52, from chinese wild vitis quinquangularis was strongly induced 24 h post inoculation with powdery mildew. in this study, we analyzed the expression levels of vqwrky52 following treatment with the defense related hormones salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate, revealing that vqwrky52 was strongly induced by sa but not ja. we char ...201728197166
a highly active endo-levanase bt1760 of a dominant mammalian gut commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cleaves not only various bacterial levans, but also levan of timothy grass.bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an abundant commensal of the human gut, degrades numerous complex carbohydrates. recently, it was reported to grow on a β-2,6-linked polyfructan levan produced by zymomonas mobilis degrading the polymer into fructooligosaccharides (fos) with a cell surface bound endo-levanase bt1760. the fos are consumed by b. thetaiotaomicron, but also by other gut bacteria, including health-promoting bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. here we characterize biochemical properties of b ...201728103254
the bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection.disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. as the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. one mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. by exogenous application, 'plant activator molecules' with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. these defence-inducing molecules represent a powerful and often envir ...201727085087
functional display of ice nucleation protein inaz on the surface of bacterial ghosts.in a concept study the ability to induce heterogeneous ice formation by bacterial ghosts (bgs) from escherichia coli carrying ice nucleation protein inaz from pseudomonas syringae in their outer membrane was investigated by a droplet-freezing assay of ultra-pure water. as determined by the median freezing temperature and cumulative ice nucleation spectra it could be demonstrated that both the living recombinant e. coli and their corresponding bgs functionally display inaz on their surface. under ...201728121482
negative autogenous control of the master type iii secretion system regulator hrpl in pseudomonas syringae.the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a principal virulence determinant of the model bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae t3ss effector proteins inhibit plant defense signaling pathways in susceptible hosts and elicit evolved immunity in resistant plants. the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor hrpl coordinates the expression of most t3ss genes. transcription of hrpl is dependent on sigma-54 and the codependent enhancer binding proteins hrpr and hrps for hrpl promoter activation. h ...201728119474
rin4 recruits the exocyst subunit exo70b1 to the plasma membrane.the exocyst is a conserved vesicle-tethering complex with principal roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis. several studies point to its involvement in polarized secretion during microbial pathogen defense. in this context, we have found an interaction between the arabidopsis exo70b1 exocyst subunit, a protein which was previously associated with both the defense response and autophagy, and rpm1 interacting protein 4 (rin4), the best studied member of the noi protein family and a known regulat ...201728338727
bivariate genomic analysis identifies a hidden locus associated with bacteria hypersensitive response in arabidopsis thaliana.multi-phenotype analysis has drawn increasing attention to high-throughput genomic studies, whereas only a few applications have justified the use of multivariate techniques. we applied a recently developed multi-trait analysis method on a small set of bacteria hypersensitive response phenotypes and identified a single novel locus missed by conventional single-trait genome-wide association studies. the detected locus harbors a minor allele that elevates the risk of leaf collapse response to the ...201728338080
diversity and abundance of ice nucleating strains of pseudomonas syringae in a freshwater lake in virginia, usa.the bacterium pseudomonas syringae is found in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic environments. some strains of p. syringae express an ice nucleation protein (hereafter referred to as ice+) allowing them to catalyze the heterogeneous freezing of water. though p. syringae has been sampled intensively from freshwater sources in france, little is known about the genetic diversity of p. syringae in natural aquatic habitats in north america. we collected samples of freshwater from three different d ...201728337177
biochemical principles and functional aspects of pipecolic acid biosynthesis in plant immunity.the non-protein amino acid pipecolic acid (pip) regulates plant systemic acquired resistance (sar) and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection. in arabidopsis thaliana, the lys aminotransferase agd2-like defense response protein1 (ald1) mediates the pathogen-induced accumulation of pip in inoculated and distal leaf tissue. here we show that ald1 transfers the alpha-amino group of l-lys to acceptor oxoacids. combined mass spectrometric and infrared spectroscopic analyses of in vitro assays ...201728330936
use of rna-seq data to identify and validate rt-qpcr reference genes for studying the tomato-pseudomonas pathosystem.the agronomical relevant tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem is widely used to explore and understand the underlying mechanisms of the plant immune response. transcript abundance estimation, mainly through reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), is a common approach employed to investigate the possible role of a candidate gene in certain biological process under study. the accuracy of this technique relies heavily on the selection of adequate reference genes. initially, ...201728317896
controlled ice nucleation using freeze-dried pseudomonas syringae encapsulated in alginate beads.the control of ice nucleation is of fundamental significance in many process technologies related to food and pharmaceutical science and cryobiology. mechanical perturbation, electromagnetic fields and ice-nucleating agents (inas) have been known to induce ice nucleation in a controlled manner. but these ice-nucleating methods may suffer from cumbersome manual operations, safety concerns of external fields, and biocompatibility and recovery issues of ina particles, especially when used in living ...201728315320
diverse mechanisms of resistance to pseudomonas syringae in a thousand natural accessions of arabidopsis thaliana.plants are continuously threatened by pathogen attack and, as such, they have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens. however, it is not known what types of defense mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend against a potential pathogen that has not co-evolved with the plant. we addressed this important question in a comprehensive manner by studying the responses of 1041 accessions of arabidopsis thaliana to the foliar pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv ...201728295393
ghanamycins a and b, two novel γ-butyrolactones from marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16.two novel γ-butyrolactones ghanamycins a (1) and b (2) were isolated from the fermentation broth of marine-derived streptomyces ghanaensis txc6-16. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. these two novel compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities against some phytopathogens. the minimum ic (mic) of 2 against pseudomonas syringae and erwinia sp. were 50 μg ml(-1).the journal of antibiotics advance online publication, 15 march 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.37.201728293035
expanded type iii effector recognition by the zar1 nlr protein using zed1-related kinases.nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat domain-containing (nlr) proteins are sentinels of plant immunity that monitor host proteins for perturbations induced by pathogenic effector proteins. here we show that the arabidopsis zar1 nlr protein requires the zrk3 kinase to recognize the pseudomonas syringae type iii effector (t3e) hopf2a. these results support the hypothesis that zar1 associates with an expanded zrk protein family to broaden its effector recognition spectrum.201728288096
map kinase signaling pathways: a hub of plant-microbe interactions.in 2007, we reported that a phytopathogen effector directly inhibits a map kinase cascade. in the decade since, many more effectors have been found to inhibit map kinase cascades, providing not only a mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis and immunity in plants, but also the identification of previously unknown enzymes.201728279328
thienopyrimidine-type compounds protect arabidopsis plants against the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola.plant activators activate systemic acquired resistance-like defense responses or induced systemic resistance, and thus protect plants from pathogens. we screened a chemical library composed of structurally diverse small molecules. we isolated six plant immune-inducing thienopyrimidine-type compounds and their analogous compounds. it was observed that the core structure of thienopyrimidine plays a role in induced resistance in plants. furthermore, we highlight the protective effect of thienopyrim ...201728277972
analyses of natural variation indicates that the absence of rps4/rrs1 and amino acid change in rps4 cause loss of their functions and resistance to pathogens.a pair of arabidopsis thaliana resistance proteins, rps4 and rrs1, recognizes the cognate avr effector from the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrrps4 (pst-avrrps4), ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and leads to defense signaling activation against the pathogens. in the present study, we analyzed 14 a. thaliana accessions for natural variation in pst-avrrps4 and c. higginsianum susceptibility, and found new compatible and ...201728277970
reconstruction of an immune dynamic model to simulate the contrasting role of auxin and cytokinin in plant immunity.in order to increase our understanding of biological dependencies in plant immune signaling pathways, the known interactions involved in plant immune networks are modeled. this allows computational analysis to predict the functions of growth related hormones in plant-pathogen interaction. the squad (standardized qualitative dynamical systems) algorithm first determines stable system states in the network and then use them to compute continuous dynamical system states. our reconstructed boolean m ...201728265989
microbial manipulation of auxins and cytokinins in plants.microbial associations with plants are crucial for the survival of both the partners. beside other ways of establishing such associations, phytohormones enjoy a key role in plant-microbe interactions from initial dialog between the two to the establishment of a viable partnership. cytokinins (cks) and iaa are among the five classical groups of phytohormones implicated in plant immune response, early signaling, and deciding the fate of interactions between plant and microbes. here we describe a m ...201728265987
chemical composition, antioxidant and biological activities of the essential oil and extract of the seeds of glycine max (soybean) from north iran.glycine max (l.) merrill (soybean) is a major leguminous crop, cultivated globally as well as in iran. this study examines the chemical composition of soybean essential oil, and evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of seeds on various plant pathogens that commonly cause irreparable damages to agricultural crops. the essential oil of soybean seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. antimicrobial activity was tested against 14 microorganisms, includi ...201728255785
cytokinin-mediated regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis modulates stomatal immunity in arabidopsis.stomata play an important role in preinvasive defense responses by limiting pathogen entry into leaves. although the stress hormones salicylic acid (sa) and abscisic acid (aba) are known to regulate stomatal immunity, the role of growth promoting hormones is far from understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinins (cks) function in stomatal defense responses. the cytokinin receptor histidine kinase3 (ahk3) and response regulator2 (arr2) promote stomatal closure triggered by pa ...201728254779
transposon insertion libraries for the characterization of mutants from the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, is one of the most devastating plant diseases of recent times. we have generated two mini-tn5-based random insertion libraries of psa icmp 18884. the first, a 'phenotype of interest' (poi) library, consists of 10,368 independent mutants gridded into 96-well plates. by replica plating onto selective media, the poi library was successfully screened for auxotrophic and motility mutants. lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynt ...201728249011
ethylene production with engineered synechocystis sp pcc 6803 strains.metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria offer a promising sustainable alternative approach for fossil-based ethylene production, by using sunlight via oxygenic photosynthesis, to convert carbon dioxide directly into ethylene. towards this, both well-studied cyanobacteria, i.e., synechocystis sp pcc 6803 and synechococcus elongatus pcc 7942, have been engineered to produce ethylene by introducing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2 ...201728231787
genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility in arabidopsis infected with pseudomonas syringae.changes in chromatin accessibility are an important aspect of the molecular changes that occur in eukaryotic cells responding to stress, and they appear to play a critical role in stress-induced transcriptional activation/reprogramming and epigenetic changes. in plants, pathogen infection has been shown to induce rapid and drastic transcriptional reprogramming; growing evidence suggests that chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in this phenomenon. the recent development of genomic tools ...201728220432
characterizing the immune-eliciting activity of putative microbe-associated molecular patterns in tomato.detection of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps), such as bacterial flagellin, is the first line of active defense in plants against pathogenic invaders. successful pathogens must subvert this immune response to grow to high population density and cause disease. flagellin from the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas was the first identified bacterial mamp and many species across the plant kingdom have sensitive perception systems for detecting the 22-amino acid epitope known as fl ...201728220431
quantitative evaluation of plant actin cytoskeletal organization during immune signaling.high spatial and temporal resolution microscopy-based methods are valuable tools for the precise real-time imaging of changes in cellular organization in response to stimulus perception. here, we describe a quantitative method for the evaluation of the plant actin cytoskeleton during immune stimulus perception and the activation of defense signaling. as a measure of the biotic stress-induced changes in actin filament organization, we present methods for analyzing changes in actin filament organi ...201728220427
measuring callose deposition, an indicator of cell wall reinforcement, during bacterial infection in arabidopsis.the plant cell wall responds dynamically during interaction with various pathogens. upon recognition of "nonself" components, plant cells deploy a variety of immune responses including cell wall fortification. callose, a β-(1, 3)-d-glucan polymer, is a component of the material deposited at the site of infection between the plasma membrane and the preexisting cell wall that is hypothesized to serve as a physical barrier and platform for directed antimicrobial compound deposition. the defense-ass ...201728220426
adaptation of the pathogen, pseudomonas syringae, during experimental evolution on a native vs. alternative host plant.the specialization and distribution of pathogens among species has substantial impact on disease spread, especially when reservoir hosts can maintain high pathogen densities or select for increased pathogen virulence. theory predicts that optimal within-host growth rate will vary among host genotypes/species and therefore that pathogens infecting multiple hosts should experience different selection pressures depending on the host environment in which they are found. this should be true for patho ...201728207977
characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causal agent of citrus blast of mandarin in montenegro.citrus blast caused by bacterium pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 p. syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (citrus reticulata) in montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrb, rpod, and gap1 gene sequences. gene sequences from a ...201728167885
tomato photorespiratory glycolate oxidase-derived h2 o2 production contributes to basal defense against pseudomonas syringae.despite being essential for c3 plants, photorespiration is believed to cause a significant crop yield loss even under future climates. however, how photorespiration affects plant basal defense still remains largely unknown. here, we studied the involvement of photorespiration in tomato-pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 interaction focusing on three photorespiratory genes. inoculation with p. syringae increased photorespiration rate (pr) and expression of glycolate oxidase (gox2), serine gly ...201728164315
transgenic arabidopsis thaliana containing increased levels of atp and sucrose is more susceptible to pseudomonas syringae.disease resistance exerts a fitness cost on plants, presumably due to the extra consumption of energy and carbon. in this study, we examined whether transgenic arabidopsis thaliana with increased levels of atp and sucrose is more resistant or susceptible to pathogen infection. lines of a. thaliana over-expressing purple acid phosphatase 2 (atpap2) (oe lines) contain increased levels of atp and sucrose, with improved growth rate and seed production. compared to wild type (wt) and pap2 lines, the ...201728152090
the arabidopsis elongator complex is required for nonhost resistance against the bacterial pathogens xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121.although in recent years nonhost resistance has attracted considerable attention for its broad spectrum and durability, the genetic and mechanistic components of nonhost resistance have not been fully understood. we used molecular and histochemical approaches including quantitative pcr, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and aniline blue staining. the evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex elongator was identified as a major component of nonhost resistan ...201728134437
n-acylhomoserine lactone-regulation of genes mediating motility and pathogenicity in pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528.pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528 (p. syringae 11528) is a phytopathogen that causes wild-fire disease in soybean and tobacco plants. it utilizes a cell density-dependent regulation system known as quorum sensing (qs). in its qs system, the psyi is responsible for the biosynthesis of n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). by comparing the transcripts from p. syringae 11528 wild-type strain with those of the δpsyi mutant using rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology, 1118 ahl-regulated genes were ...201728133926
pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopbb1 promotes host transcriptional repressor degradation to regulate phytohormone responses and virulence.independently evolved pathogen effectors from three branches of life (ascomycete, eubacteria, and oomycete) converge onto the arabidopsis tcp14 transcription factor to manipulate host defense. however, the mechanistic basis for defense control via tcp14 regulation is unknown. we demonstrate that tcp14 regulates the plant immune system by transcriptionally repressing a subset of the jasmonic acid (ja) hormone signaling outputs. a previously unstudied pseudomonas syringae (psy) type iii effector, ...201728132837
constitutive heterologous overexpression of a tir-nb-arc-lrr gene encoding a putative disease resistance protein from wild chinese vitis pseudoreticulata in arabidopsis and tobacco enhances resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.plants use resistance (r) proteins to detect pathogen effector proteins and activate their innate immune response against the pathogen. the majority of these proteins contain an nb-arc (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by apaf-1, r proteins, and ced-4) domain along with a leucine-rich repeat (lrr), and some also bear a toll interleukin 1 receptor (tir) domain. in this study, we characterized a gene encoding a tir-nb-arc-lrr r protein (vptnl1) (genbank accession number kx649890) from wild chines ...201728131063
confocal microscopy reveals in planta dynamic interactions between pathogenic, avirulent and non-pathogenic pseudomonas syringae strains.recent advances in genomics and single-cell analysis have demonstrated the extraordinary complexity that microbial populations may reach within their hosts. communities range from complex multispecies groups, to homogeneous populations differentiating into lineages through genetic or non-genetic mechanisms. diversity within bacterial populations is recognised as a key driver of the evolution of animal pathogens. in plants, however, little is known about how interactions between different pathoge ...201728120374
paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn protects arabidopsis thaliana against a virulent strain of pseudomonas syringae through the activation of induced resistance.paraburkholderia phytofirmans psjn is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) that stimulates plant growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. this study analyzed whether strain psjn can reduce plant disease severity and proliferation of the virulent strain pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000, in arabidopsis plants, through the activation of induced resistance. arabidopsis plants previously exposed to strain psjn showed a reduction in disease severity and pathogen proliferation ...201728118091
use of the soft-agar overlay technique to screen for bacterially produced inhibitory compounds.the soft-agar overlay technique was originally developed over 70 years ago and has been widely used in several areas of microbiological research, including work with bacteriophages and bacteriocins, proteinaceous antibacterial agents. this approach is relatively inexpensive, with minimal resource requirements. this technique consists of spotting supernatant from a donor strain (potentially harboring a toxic compound(s)) onto a solidified soft agar overlay that is seeded with a bacterial test str ...201728117830
subunit-selective proteasome activity profiling uncovers uncoupled proteasome subunit activities during bacterial infections.the proteasome is a nuclear-cytoplasmic proteolytic complex involved in nearly all regulatory pathways in plant cells. the three different catalytic activities of the proteasome can have different functions, but tools to monitor and control these subunits selectively are not yet available in plant science. here, we introduce subunit-selective inhibitors and dual-color fluorescent activity-based probes for studying two of the three active catalytic subunits of the plant proteasome. we validate th ...201728117509
identification of loci of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae involved in lipolytic activity and their role in colonization of kiwifruit leaves.bacterial canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit plants, has recently brought about major economic losses worldwide. genetic studies on virulence functions of p. syringae pv. actinidiae have not yet been reported and there is little experimental data regarding bacterial genes involved in pathogenesis. in this study, we performed a genetic screen in order to identify transposon mutants altered in the lipolytic activity because it is known t ...201728112597
tomato slggp-like gene participates in plant responses to chilling stress and pathogenic infection.plants are always exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses which can adversely affect their growth and development. as an important antioxidant, asa plays a vital role in plant defence against damage caused by stresses. in this study, we cloned a tomato gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase-like (slggp-like) gene and investigated its role in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses by using antisense transgenic (as) tomato lines. the asa content in as plants was lower than that in wt plants. under chilli ...201728092850
the trojan horse coronatine: the coi1-jaz2-myc2,3,4-anac019,055,072 module in stomata dynamics upon bacterial infection. 201728079932
the conserved hypothetical protein pspto_3957 is essential for virulence in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000.the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae accounts for substantial crop losses and is considered an important agricultural issue. to better manage disease in the field, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that mediate virulence. there are a substantial number of genes in sequenced bacterial genomes, including p. syringae, that encode for conserved hypothetical proteins; some of these have been functionally characterized in other pseudomonads and have been ...201728073812
nup82 functions redundantly with nup136 in a salicylic acid-dependent defense response of arabidopsis thaliana.the nuclear pore complex (npc) comprises more than 30 nucleoporins (nups). npc mediates macromolecular trafficking between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, but specific roles of individual nups are poorly understood in higher plants. here, we show that the novel nucleoporin unique to angiosperm plants (designated as nup82) functions in a salicylic acid-dependent defense in a redundant manner with nup136, which is a component of the nuclear basket in the npc. arabidopsis thaliana nup82 had a si ...201728071978
evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids.horizontal gene transfer can precipitate rapid evolutionary change. in 2010 the global pandemic of kiwifruit canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) reached new zealand. at the time of introduction, the single clone responsible for the outbreak was sensitive to copper, however, analysis of a sample of isolates taken in 2015 and 2016 showed that a quarter were copper resistant. genome sequences of seven strains showed that copper resistance - comprising czc/cusabc and c ...201728063194
protein phosphatase ap2c1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae.mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. however, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. we report the biological role of arabidopsis thaliana mapk phosphatase ap2c1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to pseudomonas syringae ap2c2, a closely related mapk phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. loss of ap2c1 leads to enhanced ...201728062592
arabidopsis stress associated protein 9 mediates biotic and abiotic stress responsive aba signaling via the proteasome pathway.arabidopsis thaliana stress associated protein 9 (atsap9) is a member of the a20/an1 zinc finger protein family known to play important roles in plant stress responses and in the mammalian immune response. although saps of several plant species were shown to be involved in abiotic stress responses, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, and little is known about the involvement of saps in plant disease responses. expression of sap9 in arabidopsis is up-regulated in response to ...201728039858
profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: challenges in bacterial molecular plant pathology.one of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology is what determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? this question is frequently studied in terms of the role of elicitors and pathogenicity factors in the triggering or overcoming of host defences. however, this focus fails to address the basic question of how the environment in host tissues acts to support or restrict pathogen growth. efforts to understand this aspect of host-pathogen interactions are commonly confounded by severa ...201728026146
effectors from wheat rust fungi suppress multiple plant defense responses.fungi that cause cereal rust diseases (genus puccinia) are important pathogens of wheat globally. upon infection, the fungus secretes a number of effector proteins. although a large repository of putative effectors has been predicted using bioinformatic pipelines, the lack of available high-throughput effector screening systems has limited functional studies on these proteins. in this study, we mined the available transcriptomes of puccinia graminis and p. striiformis to look for potential effec ...201727503371
whop, a genomic region associated with woody hosts in the pseudomonas syringae complex contributes to the virulence and fitness of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive plants.bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex belonging to phylogroups 1 and 3 (pg1 and pg3, respectively) isolated from woody hosts share a genomic region herein referred to as whop (from woody host and pseudomonas spp.), which is absent in strains infecting herbaceous organs. in this work, we show that this region is also encoded in p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (pg1) and six additional members of pg3, namely, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. retacarpa, three p. syringae pathovars, pseudomonas m ...201728027024
plasmid replicons from pseudomonas are natural chimeras of functional, exchangeable modules.plasmids are a main factor for the evolution of bacteria through horizontal gene exchange, including the dissemination of pathogenicity genes, resistance to antibiotics and degradation of pollutants. their capacity to duplicate is dependent on their replication determinants (replicon), which also define their bacterial host range and the inability to coexist with related replicons. we characterize a second replicon from the virulence plasmid ppsv48c, from pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, whi ...201728243228
indole-3-acetic acid in plant-pathogen interactions: a key molecule for in planta bacterial virulence and fitness.the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas savastanoi, the causal agent of olive and oleander knot disease, uses the so-called "indole-3-acetamide pathway" to convert tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) via a two-step pathway catalyzed by enzymes encoded by the genes in the iaam/iaah operon. moreover, pathovar nerii of p. savastanoi is able to conjugate iaa to lysine to generate the less biologically active compound iaa-lys via the enzyme iaa-lysine synthase encoded by the iaal gene. intere ...201727637152
virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 is influenced by the catabolite repression control protein crc.pseudomonas syringae infects diverse plant species and is widely used as a model system in the study of effector function and the molecular basis of plant diseases. although the relationship between bacterial metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and virulence has attracted increasing attention in bacterial pathology, it is largely unexplored in p. syringae. the crc (catabolite repression control) protein is a putative rna-binding protein that regulates carbon metabolism as well as a number of other ...201728384054
origin and evolution of the kiwifruit canker pandemic.recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa). in order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in china. based on the analysis of eighty sequenced psa genomes we show that china is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in china is confined to just a single ...201728369338
the bacterial effector avrb-induced rin4 hyperphosphorylation is mediated by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase complex in arabidopsis.bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae delivers diverse type iii effectors into host cells to interfere with their immune responses. one of the effectors avrb targets a host guardee protein rin4 and induces rin4 phosphorylation in arabidopsis. phosphorylated rin4 activates the immune receptor rpm1 to mount defense. avrb-induced rin4 phosphorylation depends on ripk, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (rlck). in this study, we found several other rlcks that were also able to phosphorylate rin4. w ...201728353399
jaz2 controls stomata dynamics during bacterial invasion.coronatine (cor) facilitates entry of bacteria into the plant apoplast by stimulating stomata opening. cor-induced signaling events at stomata remain unclear. we found that the cor and jasmonate isoleucine (ja-ile) co-receptor jaz2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion we analyzed tissue expression patterns of atjaz genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. arabidopsis jaz2 muta ...201728005270
the putative kinase substrate muse7 negatively impacts the accumulation of nlr proteins.stringent modulation of immune signaling in plants is necessary to enable a rapid response to pathogen attack without spurious defense activation. to identify genes involved in plant immunity, a forward genetic screen for enhancers of the autoimmune snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1) mutant was conducted. the snc1 mutant contains a gain-of-function mutation in a gene encoding a nod-like receptor (nlr) protein. the isolated muse7 (mutant, snc1-enhancing, 7) mutant was shown to confer a rev ...201728004865
erratum to: development of scar markers for rapid and specific detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time pcr. 201727999901
the hemileia vastatrix effector hvec-016 suppresses bacterial blight symptoms in coffee genotypes with the sh 1 rust resistance gene.a number of genes that confer resistance to coffee leaf rust (sh 1-sh 9) have been identified within the genus coffea, but despite many years of research on this pathosystem, the complementary avirulence genes of hemileia vastatrix have not been reported. after identification of h. vastatrix effector candidate genes (hvecs) expressed at different stages of its lifecycle, we established an assay to characterize hvec proteins by delivering them into coffee cells via the type-three secretion system ...201727918080
a subset of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes is essential for plant immunity.of the three classes of enzymes involved in ubiquitination, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2) have been often incorrectly considered to play merely an auxiliary role in the process, and few e2 enzymes have been investigated in plants. to reveal the role of e2 in plant innate immunity, we identified and cloned 40 tomato genes encoding ubiquitin e2 proteins. thioester assays indicated that the majority of the genes encode enzymatically active e2. phylogenetic analysis classified the 40 tomato e2 ...201727909045
arabidopsis thaliana methionine sulfoxide reductase b8 influences stress-induced cell death and effector-triggered immunity.reactive oxygen species (ros) oxidize methionine to methionine sulfoxide (metso) and thereby inactivate proteins. methionine sulfoxide reductase (msr) enzyme converts metso back to the reduced form and thereby detoxifies the effect of ros. our results show that arabidopsis thaliana msr enzyme coding gene msrb8 is required for effector-triggered immunity and containment of stress-induced cell death in arabidopsis. plants activate pattern-triggered immunity (pti), a basal defense, upon recognition ...201727900506
characterization of two late-stage enzymes involved in fosfomycin biosynthesis in pseudomonads.the broad-spectrum phosphonate antibiotic fosfomycin is currently in use for clinical treatment of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative uropathogens. the antibiotic is biosynthesized by various streptomycetes, as well as by pseudomonads. notably, the biosynthetic strategies used by the two genera share only two steps: the first step in which primary metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) is converted to phosphonopyruvate (pnpy) and the terminal step in which 2-hydroxypropylpho ...201727977135
evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay based on hrpz gene for rapid detection and identification of pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaves.cucumber angular leaf spot caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (psl) is an important and destructive disease worldwide, and no effective technique has been developed for the control of the pathogen. detection of infection or latent in cucumber plants is critical to evaluate disease progress and strengthening management to avoid a serious epidemic in the fields. in this paper, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for detection of psl using an isothermal method known as loop-mediate ...201727864860
melatonin is required for h2 o2 - and no-mediated defense signaling through mapkkk3 and oxi1 in arabidopsis thaliana.melatonin influences plant innate immunity through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway. however, the most upstream mapk component in melatonin signaling and the dependence of generation of a reactive oxygen species (ros) burst on melatonin synthesis and signaling remain unclear. in this study, treatment of several mekk (alias mapkkk)-knockout arabidopsis mutants with melatonin revealed that the mapkkk3 and oxi1 (oxidative signal-inducible1) kinases are responsible for triggering ...201727862280
subcellular localization of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato effector proteins in plants.animal and plant pathogenic bacteria use type iii secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors to subvert innate immunity of their host organisms. type iii secretion/effector systems are a crucial pathogenicity factor in many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals. pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000 injects a total of 36 protein effectors that target a variety of host proteins. studies of a subset of pst dc3000 effectors demonstrated that bacterial effectors, once inside ...201727837488
cml8, an arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein, plays a role in pseudomonas syringae plant immunity.calcium is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes including plant development and stress responses. its conversion into biological responses requires the presence of calcium sensor relays such as calmodulin (cam) and calmodulin-like (cml) proteins. while the role of cam is well described, the functions cml proteins remain largely uncharacterized. here, we show that arabidopsis cml8 expression is strongly and transiently induced by pseudomonas syringae, and reverse ge ...201727837097
evolution, genomics and epidemiology of pseudomonas syringae: challenges in bacterial molecular plant pathology.a remarkable shift in our understanding of plant-pathogenic bacteria is underway. until recently, nearly all research on phytopathogenic bacteria was focused on a small number of model strains, which provided a deep, but narrow, perspective on plant-microbe interactions. advances in genome sequencing technologies have changed this by enabling the incorporation of much greater diversity into comparative and functional research. we are now moving beyond a typological understanding of a select coll ...201727798954
biophysical characterization of soluble pseudomonas syringae ice nucleation protein inaz fragments.ice nucleation protein (inp) with its functional domain consisting of multiple 48-residue repeat units effectively induces super-cooled water into ice. circular dichroism and infrared deconvolution analyses on a soluble 240-residue fragment of pseudomonas syringae inaz (inaz240) containing five 48-residue repeat units indicated that it is mostly composed of β-sheet and random coil. analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that inaz240 behaves as a monomer of an elongated ellipsoid. however, inaz ...201727773839
inhibitor discovery by convolution abpp.activity-based protein profiling (abpp) has emerged as a powerful proteomic approach to study the active proteins in their native environment by using chemical probes that label active site residues in proteins. traditionally, abpp is classified as either comparative or competitive abpp. in this protocol, we describe a simple method called convolution abpp, which takes benefit from both the competitive and comparative abpp. convolution abpp allows one to detect if a reduced signal observed durin ...201727778280
a proposal for a genome similarity-based taxonomy for plant-pathogenic bacteria that is sufficiently precise to reflect phylogeny, host range, and outbreak affiliation applied to pseudomonas syringae sensu lato as a proof of concept.taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria is challenging because pathogens of different crops often belong to the same named species but current taxonomy does not provide names for bacteria below the subspecies level. the introduction of the host range-based pathovar system in the 1980s provided a temporary solution to this problem but has many limitations. the affordability of genome sequencing now provides the opportunity for developing a new genome-based taxonomic framework. we already proposed t ...201727552324
the hopf family of pseudomonas syringae type iii secreted effectors.pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial phytopathogen that utilizes the type iii secretion system to inject effector proteins into plant host cells. pseudomonas syringae can infect a wide range of plant hosts, including agronomically important crops such as tomatoes and beans. the ability of p. syringae to infect such numerous hosts is caused, in part, by the diversity of effectors employed by this phytopathogen. over 60 different effector families exist in p. syringae; one such family is hopf, whic ...201727061875
development and validation of an infection risk model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit, using a multiplication and dispersal concept for forecasting bacterial diseases.a weather-based disease prediction model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit (known worldwide as psa; pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3) was developed using a new mechanistic scheme for bacterial disease forecasters, the multiplication and dispersal concept. bacterial multiplication is estimated from a temperature function, the m index, accumulated from hourly air temperature over 3 days for hours when the leaf canopy is wet. rainfall provides free water to move inoculum to infection si ...201727749150
arabidopsis thaliana serpins atsrp4 and atsrp5 negatively regulate stress-induced cell death and effector-triggered immunity induced by bacterial effector avrrpt2.protease inhibitors and their cognate proteases regulate growth, development and defense. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) constitute a large family of genes in most metazoans and plants. drosophila necrotic (nec) gene and its homologues in the mammalian system are well-characterized serpins, which play a role in regulating proteases that participate in cell death pathways. although the arabidopsis genome contains several serpin homologs, biological function is not known for most of them. he ...201727709637
idl6-hae/hsl2 impacts pectin degradation and resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 in arabidopsis leaves.plant cell walls undergo dynamic structural and chemical changes during plant development and growth. floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence are both accompanied by cell-wall remodeling, which involves the inflorescence deficient in abscission (ida)-derived peptide and its receptors, haesa (hae) and haesa-like2 (hsl2). plant cell walls also act as barriers against pathogenic invaders. thus, the cell-wall remodeling during plant development could have an influence on plant resistance ...201727618493
structure of c-terminal domain of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. dc3000 at 1.6å resolution.peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) catalyses the conversion between the cis and trans configurations of proline which switches the backbone conformation of peptides. we determined the crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of ppiase from pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pspto dc3000) at 1.6å resolution. structural comparison of pspto-ppiase with its homologues suggested that the successive arrangement of residues with small side-chain in loop 4 contributes to its substrate s ...201728413971
inhibitory effect of thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare essential oils on virulence factors of phytopatogenic pseudomonas syringae strains.pseudomonas syringae is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes lesions in the leaves during the colonization process. the damage is associated to the production of many virulence factors such as biofilm and phytotoxins. the essential oils of thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare have demonstrated the ability to inhibit p. syringae. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of t. vulgaris and o. vulgare essential oils on the production of virulence factors of phytopatogenic p. syringae ...201728403565
regulation of mir163 and its targets in defense against pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis thaliana.small rnas are important regulators for a variety of biological processes, including leaf development, flowering-time, embryogenesis and defense responses. mir163 is a non-conserved mirna and its locus has evolved recently through inverted duplication of its target genes to which they belong to the sabath family of related small-molecule methyltransferases (mts). in arabidopsis thaliana, previous study demonstrated that mir163 accumulation was induced by alamethicin treatment, suggesting its rol ...201728401908
bacterial and plant natriuretic peptides improve plant defense responses against pathogens.plant natriuretic peptides (pnps) are implicated in the regulation of ions and water homeostasis, and their participation in the plant immune response has been also proposed. xanthomonas citri subsp. citri contains a gene encoding a pnp-like protein (xacpnp) that has no homologues in other bacteria. xacpnp mimics its arabidopsis thaliana homolog atpnp-a by modifying host responses to create favorable conditions for pathogen survival. however, the ability of xacpnp to induce plant defense respons ...201728401640
internalisation of escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp+ in rocket and swiss chard baby leaves as affected by abiotic and biotic damage.internalisation of human pathogens in edible parts of vegetables eaten raw is a major concern, since once internalised they are protected from sanitising treatments. in this study, we examined invasion of gfp-labelled e. coli o157:h7 into intact and biotically (infection with xanthomonas campestris/pseudomonas syringae) and abiotically (grating with silicon carbide) damaged leaves of wild rocket (diplotaxis tenuifolia) and swiss chard (beta vulgaris subsp. cicla) using laser scanning confocal mi ...201728397273
identification of circular rnas in kiwifruit and their species-specific response to bacterial canker pathogen invasion.research studies have recently focused on circle rnas (circrnas) in relation to their regulatory functions in animals. however, the systematic identification of circrnas in plants, especially non-model plants, is limited. in addition, raw report on the prediction of the potential role of circrnas in plant response to pathogen invasion is currently available. we conducted the systematic identification of circrnas from four materials originating from three species belonging to genus actinidia unde ...201728396678
four genes essential for recombination define gints, a new type of mobile genomic island widespread in bacteria.integrases are a family of tyrosine recombinases that are highly abundant in bacterial genomes, actively disseminating adaptive characters such as pathogenicity determinants and antibiotics resistance. using comparative genomics and functional assays, we identified a novel type of mobile genetic element, the gint, in many diverse bacterial groups but not in archaea. integrated as genomic islands, gints show a tripartite structure consisting of the ginabcd operon, a cargo dna region from 2.5 to a ...201728393892
application of surface modified nano ferrite nickel in catalytic reaction (epoxidation of alkenes) and investigation on its antibacterial and antifungal activities.newly, magnetic nanoparticles have extensively been used as alternative catalyst supports, in the view of their high surface area which results in high catalyst loading capacity, high dispersion, low toxicity, environmental preservation, distinguished stability, and suitable catalyst reusing. in the present study, the magnetite nanoparticles, nife2o4@ag and nife2o4@mo, were synthesized and characterized. the antimicrobial activities and catalytic properties of synthesized nanoparticles were test ...201728575933
biosynthesis and evolution of coronafacoyl phytotoxin production in the common scab pathogen streptomyces scabies.coronafacoyl phytotoxins are an important family of plant toxins that are produced by several different phytopathogenic bacteria, including the gammaproteobacterium pseudomonas syringae and the actinobacterium streptomyces scabies. the phytotoxins consist of coronafacic acid (cfa) linked via an amide bond to different amino acids or amino acid derivatives. previous work suggested that s. scabies and p. syringae use distinct biosynthetic pathways for producing cfa, which is subsequently linked to ...201728754703
survival and electrotransformation of pseudomonas syringae strains under simulated cloud-like conditions.to diversify their genetic material, and thereby allow adaptation to environmental disturbances and colonization of new ecological niches, bacteria use various evolutionary processes, including the acquisition of new genetic material by horizontal transfer mechanisms such as conjugation, transduction and transformation. electrotransformation mediated by lightning-related electrical phenomena may constitute an additional gene-transfer mechanism occurring in nature. the presence in clouds of bacte ...201728459967
whole transcriptome sequencing of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae-infected kiwifruit plants reveals species-specific interaction between long non-coding rna and coding genes.an outbreak of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) beginning in 2008 caused disaster to the kiwifruit industry. however the mechanisms of interaction between kiwifruit and psa are unknown. long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are known to regulate many biological processes, but comprehensive repertoires of kiwifruit lncrnas and their effects on the interaction between kiwifruit and psa are unknown. here, based on in-depth transcriptomic analysis of fou ...201728687784
a bacterial acetyltransferase triggers immunity in arabidopsis thaliana independent of hypersensitive response.type-iii secreted effectors (t3es) play critical roles during bacterial pathogenesis in plants. plant recognition of certain t3es can trigger defence, often accompanied by macroscopic cell death, termed the hypersensitive response (hr). economically important species of kiwifruit are susceptible to pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker. although psa is non-pathogenic in arabidopsis thaliana, we observed that a t3e, hopz5 that is unique to a glo ...201728620210
the scientific, economic, and social impacts of the new zealand outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit (pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae).the introduction of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) severely damaged the new zealand kiwifruit industry, which in 2010 was based on only two cultivars. despite an extraordinarily quick and strong response by industry, government, and scientists to minimize the economic and social impacts, the economic consequences of this outbreak were severe. although our understanding of psa epidemiology and control methods increased substantively over the past six years, the kiwifruit industry large ...201728613977
dissecting virulence function from recognition: cell death suppression in nicotiana benthamiana by xopq/hopq1-family effectors relies on eds1-dependent immunity.many gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria express effector proteins of the xopq/hopq1 family which are translocated into plant cells via the type iii secretion system during infection. in nicotiana benthamiana, recognition of xopq/hopq1 proteins induces an effector-triggered immunity (eti) reaction which is not associated with strong cell death but renders plants immune against pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strains. additionally, xopq suppresses cell death in ...201728423458
small rna profiling reveals important roles for mirnas in arabidopsis response to bacillus velezensis fzb42.bacillus velezensis fzb42 (previously classified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42) has been confirmed to successfully colonize plant roots and enhance defense response against pathogen infection. this study indicated that fzb42 inoculation enhanced arabidopsis defense response against pseudomonas syringae dc3000 through inducing the expression of pr1, pdf1.2 and stomata closure. to further clarify the induced defense response at mirna level, srna libraries from arabidopsis roots inoculated wi ...201728754632
the profile and antimicrobial activity of bacillus lipopeptide extracts of five potential biocontrol strains.in this study the efficacy of two different methods for extracting lipopeptides produced by five bacillus strains-ethyl acetate extraction, and acid precipitation followed by methanol extraction-was investigated using mass spectrometry. high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) was also used for the simultaneous separation of complex mixtures of lipopeptide extracts and for the determination of antimicrobial activity of their components. the mass spectra clearly showed well-resolved gro ...201728588570
molecular and functional characterization of myxobacteria isolated from soil in india.this study reports the isolation of myxobacteria from soil collected from plains in north india. based on the morphology and 16s rdna sequence, the isolated myxobacteria were identified as corallococcus sp., pyxidicoccus sp., myxococcus sp., cystobacter sp. and archangium sp. the myxobacteria were functionally characterized to assess their ability to produce antibacterial and anticancer metabolites. the isolates were found to be functionally versatile as they produced extracellular bioactive mol ...201728567623
cyclic dipeptides from bacillus vallismortis bs07 require key components of plant immunity to induce disease resistance in arabidopsis against pseudomonas infection.cyclic dipeptides (cdps) are one of the simplest compounds produced by living organisms. plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgprs) also produce cdps that can induce disease resistance. bacillus vallismortis strain bs07 producing various cdps has been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent against multiple plant pathogens in chili pepper. however, plant signal pathway triggered by cdps has not been fully elucidated yet. here we introduce four cdps, cyclo(gly-l-pro) previously identified fro ...201728811757
wrky70 and its homolog wrky54 negatively modulate the cell wall-associated defenses to necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis.previous studies have identified the arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor wrky70 as a node of convergence for salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja)-mediated defense signal pathways and, together with its closest homolog wrky54, as a negative regulator of sa biosynthesis. here, we demonstrate that wrky70 together with wrky54 negatively affect the response of arabidopsis to the necrotrophic pathogens pectobacterium carotovorum and botrytis cinerea, but not to the hemibiotroph pseudomonas ...201728837631
dewax transcription factor is involved in resistance to botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana and camelina sativa.the cuticle of land plants is the first physical barrier to protect their aerial parts from biotic and abiotic stresses. dewax, an ap2/erf-type transcription factor, negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis. in this study, we investigated the resistance to botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana and camelina sativa overexpressing dewax and in arabidopsis dewax mutant. compared to wild type (wt) leaves, arabidopsis dewax ox and dewax leaves were more and less permeable to toluidine blue d ...201728744297
analysis of the grape (vitis vinifera l.) thaumatin-like protein (tlp) gene family and demonstration that tlp29 contributes to disease resistance.thaumatin-like protein (tlp) is present as a large family in plants, and individual members play different roles in various responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. here we studied the role of 33 putative grape (vitis vinifera l.) tlp genes (vvtlp) in grape disease resistance. heat maps analysis compared the expression profiles of 33 genes in disease resistant and susceptible grape species infected with anthracnose (elsinoe ampelina), powdery mildew (erysiphe necator) or botrytis cinerea. among ...201728655869
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