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bacterial serine protease htra as a promising new target for antimicrobial therapy?recent studies have demonstrated that the bacterial chaperone and serine protease high temperature requirement a (htra) is closely associated with the establishment and progression of several infectious diseases. htra activity enhances bacterial survival under stress conditions, but also has direct effects on functions of the cell adhesion protein e-cadherin and extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin and proteoglycans. although htra cannot be considered as a pathogenic factor per s ...201728069057
first case report of myopericarditis linked to campylobacter coli enterocolitis.campylobacter spp. are a common cause of mostly self-limiting enterocolitis. although rare, pericarditis and myopericarditis have been increasingly documented as complications following campylobacteriosis. such cases have occurred predominantly in younger males, and involved a single causative species, namely campylobacter jejuni. we report the first case of myopericarditis following campylobacter coli enterocolitis, with illness occurring in an immunocompetent middle-aged female.201728056838
growth and morbidity of gambian infants are influenced by maternal milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota.human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. little is known about the effects of hmo composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. mother's hmo composition and infant gut microbiota from 33 gambian mother/infant pairs at 4, 16, and 20 weeks postpartum were analyzed for relationships between hmos, microbiota, and infant morbidity and growth. t ...201728079170
the helicobacter cinaedi antigen caip participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells.recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. in this study we show that helicobacter cinaedi (hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the hc proteome, that we named cinaedi atherosclerosis ...201728074932
differential roles of iron storage proteins in maintaining the iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis.ferritins and bacterioferritins are iron storage proteins that represent key players in iron homeostasis. several organisms possess both forms of ferritins, however, their relative physiological roles are less understood. mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses both ferritin (bfrb) and bacterioferritin (bfra), playing an essential role in its pathogenesis as reported by us earlier. this study provides insights into the role of these two proteins in iron homeostasis by employing m. tuberculosis bfr ...201728060867
campylobacter coli infection in pet birds in southern italy.avian species are considered as the main reservoir of campylobacter spp. however, few data are available on the presence of this microorganism in pet birds. this study was therefore performed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in pet birds bred in southern italy. faecal samples were collected from 88 cages housing different species of pet birds and examined by bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction. a total of 13.6% of the cage samples were positive for campylobacte ...201728061877
insights into the mechanistic basis of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance from crystal structures of the catalytic domain of mcr-1.the polymixin colistin is a "last line" antibiotic against extensively-resistant gram-negative bacteria. recently, the mcr-1 gene was identified as a plasmid-mediated resistance mechanism in human and animal enterobacteriaceae, with a wide geographical distribution and many producer strains resistant to multiple other antibiotics. mcr-1 encodes a membrane-bound enzyme catalysing phosphoethanolamine transfer onto bacterial lipid a. here we present crystal structures revealing the mcr-1 periplasmi ...201728059088
paprbag: a machine learning approach for the detection of novel pathogens from ngs data.the reliable detection of novel bacterial pathogens from next-generation sequencing data is a key challenge for microbial diagnostics. current computational tools usually rely on sequence similarity and often fail to detect novel species when closely related genomes are unavailable or missing from the reference database. here we present the machine learning based approach paprbag (pathogenicity prediction for bacterial genomes). paprbag overcomes genetic divergence by training on a wide range of ...201728051068
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
pathophysiology of intestinal na(+)/h(+) exchange.several members of the slc9a family of na(+)/h(+) exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial na(+) absorption, intracellular ph (ph i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrien ...201728090568
biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome.traditionally, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) has not been regarded as an organic disease, and the pathophysiology of ibs is heterogeneous. currently, the diagnosis of ibs is based upon the rome diagnostic criteria. the performance of these criteria is only modest in predicting ibs, and moreover their validation is lacking. additionally, as functional symptoms are common in the general population, healthy controls or volunteers are difficult to define and there is currently no definition of "nor ...201727817184
formate simultaneously reduces oxidase activity and enhances respiration in campylobacter jejuni.the foodborne microaerophilic pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and two terminal oxidases, which serve to metabolize formate and facilitate the use of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, respectively. formate, a primary energy source for c. jejuni, inhibits oxidase activity in other bacteria. here, we hypothesized that formate might affect both energy metabolism and microaerobic survival in c. jejuni. subsequently, we showed that c. jejuni 81-176 ( ...201728091524
bacteria associated with marginal zone lymphomas.in the last decades some bacteria have been associated with a various extent with marginal zone (extra nodal, nodal and splenic types) lymphomas are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. the well-known correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric malt-lymphoma, the recently reported links between chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal malt-lymphoma and borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous malt lymphoma con ...201728288714
modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids.lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ...201728080049
health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health.we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ...201728135131
strain-specific probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria and their interference with human intestinal pathogens invasion.one of the working mechanisms of probiotic bacteria is their ability to compete with pathogens. to define the probiotic properties of seven lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains, we tested them for survival in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, antimicrobial activities, co-aggregative abilities, and interferences studies against five human intestinal pathogens (salmonella enteritidis atcc 13076, listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, escherichia coli o157: h7 atcc 35150, cronobacter sakazakii atcc ...201728286570
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from children and environmental sources in urban and suburban areas.campylobacteriosis is a dominant bacterial cause of foodborne infection and is considered the main public health problem in europe and many other countries worldwide. in the study lasting from 2011 to 2013 we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from children, domestic animals, poultry meat and surface water in northern poland.201728376713
faecal campylobacter shedding among dogs in animal shelters across texas.epidemiologic studies on faecal campylobacter shedding among dogs in the united states have been limited, despite evidence that the incidence of human campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade. our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of faecal campylobacter shedding among shelter dogs in texas, to estimate the specific prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli shedding, and to identify risk factors for campylobacter-positive status. using a cross-sectional stud ...201728371319
prevalence, phenotypic and genetic diversity of campylobacter in poultry fresh meat and poultry products on retail sale in tuscany (italy).in this study, the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in poultry fresh meat and ready‑to‑cook products was evaluated. seventy‑three samples were collected at retail level from supermarkets and discount stores, obtaining 61.6% positivity. of 133 campylobacter isolates, 86 strains (campylobacter coli, 58.1% and campylobacter jejuni, 41.9%) were selected for characterisation on the basis of their smai and kpni pulsed field gel‑electrophoresis (pfge) profiles, to exclude clonal replicates. campylobact ...201728365923
further characterization and independent validation of a dna aptamer-quantum dot-based magnetic sandwich assay for campylobacter.previously reported dna aptamers developed against surface proteins extracted from campylobacter jejuni were further characterized by aptamer-based western blotting and shown to bind epitopes on proteins weighing ~16 and 60 kd from reduced c. jejuni and campylobacter coli lysates. proteins of these approximate weights have also been identified in traditional antibody-based western blots of campylobacter spp. specificity of the capture and reporter aptamers from the previous report was further va ...201728342148
prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni in ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age.thermotolerant campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections worldwide. the linkage of human campylobacteriosis and poultry has been widely described. in this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of c. coli and c. jejuni in broilers from ecuador. caecal content from 379 randomly selected broiler batches originating from 115 farms were collected from 6 slaughterhouses located in the province of pichincha durin ...201728339716
a quantitative real-time pcr approach for assessing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli colonization in broiler herds.human campylobacteriosis is a major public health concern in developed countries, with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from poultry recognized as the main source of human infection. identification of campylobacter-positive broiler herds before slaughter is essential for implementing measures to avoid carryover of pathogens via the slaughter process into the food chain. however, appropriate methods that have been validated for testing poultry flocks antemortem are lacking for campylob ...201728282226
temporal induction of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni along with c. coli are major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. so far, the human immune response against campylobacter is not entirely clear. we hypothesize that it is coordinated by an interaction between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines which is influenced by bacterial and host-individual differences. accordingly, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy donors to study the primary systemic immune response to c. jejuni and c. coli. pb ...201728196097
genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chicken in farms and at time of slaughter in central italy.genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni were investigated along the broiler chicken production chain in central italy.201728194914
isolation, identification and differentiation of campylobacter spp. using multiplex pcr assay from goats in khartoum state, sudan.the aim of this study was to identify and characterize thermophilic campylobacter species in faecal samples from goats in khartoum state, sudan, by application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and the organisms can be transmitted to human via food, water and through contact with farm animals and pets. there are five clinically related campylobacter species: campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni). campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, ...201728160162
reply to "activity of fosfomycin on clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli of enteric origin". 201728119318
activity of fosfomycin on clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli of enteric origin. 201728119317
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from broilers in live bird markets in shanghai, china.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. isolates from broilers in live bird markets (lbms). a total of 209 campylobacter spp. isolates (84 campylobacter jejuni; 125 campylobacter coli) were recovered from 364 broiler cecum samples collected from five lbms in shanghai, china. minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antimicrobials were determined using agar dilution method. more than 96% of the campylobacter spp. isolates were resistan ...201727854542
macrolide resistance mechanisms and virulence factors in erythromycin-resistant campylobacter species isolated from chicken and swine feces and carcasses.resistance to antimicrobials was measured in 73 isolates of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and 121 isolates of campylobacter coli (c. coli) from chicken and swine feces and carcasses in korea. both bacterial species showed the highest resistance to (fluoro) quinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid) out of the nine antimicrobials tested. erythromycin resistance was much higher in c. coli (19.0%, 23/121) than in c. jejuni (6.8%, 5/73). the mutation in the 23s rrna gene was primarily responsi ...201727593510
multiplex pcr assay for identifi cation and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates.campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. the most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. to date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in bulgaria. we optimized the multiplex psr assay to identify campylobacter spp. and differentiate c. jejuni from c. coli in clinical isolates. we also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.201727552785
antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) and eradication regimens.campylobacter spp. are zoonotic pathogens, however, knowledge about their presence and antimicrobial resistance in nonhuman primates is limited. our animal facility purchased cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) from various asian countries: china, cambodia, indonesia, the philippines, and vietnam.201725683191
occurrence and genotypes of campylobacter species in broilers during the rearing period.poultry are the main source of campylobacter infection worldwide. to obtain information on campylobacter-infected flocks and create a reference for preventing and controlling campylobacter at farm level, campylobacter isolates were recovered from broilers and the environments of nine chicken flocks in two farms during growth. the genetic relationship between the campylobacter isolates was determined using multilocus sequence typing. flocks were colonized as early as 3 weeks after introduction to ...201727766896
motility of campylobacter concisus isolated from saliva, feces, and gut mucosal biopsies.campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), but the species is also found in healthy subjects. the heterogeneous genome of c. concisus increases the likelihood of varying virulence between strains. flagella motility is a crucial virulence factor for the well-recognized campylobacter jejuni; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the motility of c. concisus isolated from saliva, gut biopsi ...201728116789
campylobacter-associated diseases in animals.campylobacter includes a group of genetically diverse species causing a range of diseases in animals and humans. the bacterium is frequently associated with two economically important and epidemiologically distinct reproductive diseases in ruminants: enzootic infectious infertility in cattle owing to campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle. septic abortion, usually epizootic in sheep, has been historically associated with c. fetus subsp. fetus and to a les ...201727860495
a comparative analysis of the lyve-set phylogenomics pipeline for genomic epidemiology of foodborne pathogens.modern epidemiology of foodborne bacterial pathogens in industrialized countries relies increasingly on whole genome sequencing (wgs) techniques. as opposed to profiling techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wgs requires a variety of computational methods. since 2013, united states agencies responsible for food safety including the cdc, fda, and usda, have been performing whole-genome sequencing (wgs) on all listeria monocytogenes found in clinical, food, and environmental samples ...201728348549
effects of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide on axonal injury in the spinal cord in rats.to explore the effects of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (cj-lps) on axonal injury in the spinal cord. wistar rats were divided into the control (nc) group, model group (cj-lps), and lps antibody group (anti-lps). rats in the nc group were injected with a mixture of normal saline and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) while those in cj-lps group were injected with cj-lps, composed of lps, cfa, and saline. rats were sacrificed at 4th week and 6th week after injection, and hematoxylin and e ...201728344123
selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are the second leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses with an estimated economic burden of nearly $2b usd per year. most human illness associated with campylobacteriosis is due to infection by c. jejuni and chickens are recognized as a reservoir that could lead to foodborne illness in humans resulting from handling or consuming raw or undercooked chicken. we recently developed a novel breeding strategy based on identification and selection of chickens with an i ...201728339707
effect of butyrate and lactobacillus gg on a butyrate receptor and transporter during campylobacter jejuni exposure.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) frequently infects humans causing many gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, fatigue and several long-term debilitating diseases. current treatment for campylobacteriosis includes rehydration and in some cases, antibiotic therapy. probiotics are used to treat several gastrointestinal diseases. butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid known to promote intestinal health. interaction of butyrate with its respective receptor (hcar2) and transporter (slc5a8), both expressed i ...201728333199
b lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis with contaminated poultry meat its main source. control of c. jejuni is a priority for the poultry industry but no vaccines are available and their development hampered by poor understanding of the immunobiology of c. jejuni infection. here we show the functional role of b lymphocytes in response to c. jejuni in the chicken through depletion of the b lymphocyte population (bursectomy) followed by challenge. b lympho ...201728332622
administration of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785 to chickens affects colonisation by campylobacter jejuni and the intestinal microbiota.1. campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis in the world largely from contaminated poultry meat. new control measures to reduce or eliminate this pathogen from the animal gastrointestinal tract are urgently required, and the use of probiotics as competitive exclusion agents is a promising biocontrol measure to reduce c. jejuni in the food chain. 2. in this study, we assessed the potential of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, which has shown efficac ...201728318296
pathogenic potential and genotypic diversity of campylobacter jejuni: a neglected food-borne pathogen in brazil.purpose and methodology.campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. however, there are only a few studies available that have molecularly characterized c. jejuni strains isolated in brazil. the aim of this study was to genotype 111 c. jejuni strains isolated from sick humans (43), monkey faeces (19), chicken faeces (14), chicken meat (33) and sewage (2) between 1996 and 2016 in brazil using flaa-svr (short variable region) sequencing and pf ...201728317494
morphology heterogeneity within a campylobacter jejuni helical population: the use of calcofluor white to generate rod-shaped c. jejuni 81-176 clones and the genetic determinants responsible for differences in morphology within 11168 strains.campylobacter jejuni helical shape is important for colonization and host interactions with straight mutants having altered biological properties. passage on calcofluor white (cfw) resulted in c. jejuni 81-176 isolates with morphology changes: either a straight morphology from frameshift mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in peptidoglycan hydrolase genes pgp1 or pgp2 or a reduction in curvature due a frameshift mutation in cjj81176_1105, a putative peptidoglycan endopeptidase. shape d ...201728316093
crystal structure of the minimal cas9 from campylobacter jejuni reveals the molecular diversity in the crispr-cas9 systems.the rna-guided endonuclease cas9 generates a double-strand break at dna target sites complementary to the guide rna and has been harnessed for the development of a variety of new technologies, such as genome editing. here, we report the crystal structures of campylobacter jejuni cas9 (cjcas9), one of the smallest cas9 orthologs, in complex with an sgrna and its target dna. the structures provided insights into a minimal cas9 scaffold and revealed the remarkable mechanistic diversity of the crisp ...201728306506
new approaches on quantification of campylobacter jejuni in poultry samples: the use of digital pcr and real-time pcr against the iso standard plate count method.campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported bacterial food-borne illness in the european union and contaminated broiler meat is considered the most important source of infection in humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate real-time pcr (qpcr) and digital pcr (dpcr) for quantification of campylobacter jejuni in 75 broiler neck-skin samples collected from a poultry slaughterhouse, and to compare them with the iso 10272-2 standard plate count method. for qpcr standard curve, c. j ...201728303130
quantitative microbial risk assessment for campylobacter foodborne illness in raw beef offal consumption in south korea.this study evaluated the risk of campylobacter foodborne illness caused by the intake of raw beef offal in south korea. the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in raw beef offal (liver and tripe) was investigated by plating samples on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar with preston enrichment broth. data were collected about storage temperature and length of storage of raw beef offal, and probabilistic distributions for the data were determined, using @risk software. predictive models ...201728282225
analysis of campylobacter jejuni infection in the gnotobiotic piglet and genome-wide identification of bacterial factors required for infection.to investigate how campylobacter jejuni causes the clinical symptoms of diarrhoeal disease in humans, use of a relevant animal model is essential. such a model should mimic the human disease closely in terms of host physiology, incubation period before onset of disease, clinical signs and a comparable outcome of disease. in this study, we used a gnotobiotic piglet model to study determinants of pathogenicity of c. jejuni. in this model, c. jejuni successfully established infection and piglets de ...201728281647
molecular architecture of an n-formyltransferase from salmonella enterica o60.n-formylated sugars are found on the lipopolysaccharides of various pathogenic gram negative bacteria including campylobacter jejuni 81116, francisella tularensis, providencia alcalifaciens o30, and providencia alcalifaciens o40. the last step in the biosynthetic pathways for these unusual sugars is catalyzed by n-formyltransferases that utilize n(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. the substrates are dtdp-linked amino sugars with the functional groups installed at either the c-3' o ...201728263875
gastrointestinal disorders next to respiratory infections as leading symptoms of x-linked agammaglobulinemia in children - 34-year experience of a single center.respiratory tract infections constitute the most frequent manifestation of x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla). there are not many papers elucidating gastrointestinal (gi) disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), in such patients. the aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders and ibd compared to respiratory tract infections in xla individuals.201728261296
guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy presenting typically with tingling, progressive weakness, and pain. variants and formes frustes may complicate recognition. the best known variant is the sensory ataxic form of miller fisher syndrome, which also affects the oculomotor nerves and the brain stem. divergent pathologic mechanisms lead to demyelinating, axonal, or mixed demyelinating-axonal damage. in the demyelinating form, yet to be identified a ...201728259232
whole-genome sequencing in the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infections.this review provides the current state of knowledge on the application of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) in the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. we describe how wgs has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen and how wgs has the potential to improve surveillance and outbreak detection. we have identified hurdles towards the full implementation of wgs in public health settings. howe ...201728249998
formation of biofilms by foodborne pathogens and development of laboratory in vitro model for the study of campylobacter genus bacteria based on these biofilms.we analyzed the formation of biofilms by 7 strains of campylobacter genus bacteria and 18 strains of enterobacteriaceae genus bacteria that were isolated from plant and animal raw materials, from finished products, and swabs from the equipment of the food industry. biofilm formation on glass plates, slides and coverslips, microtubes made of polymeric materials and petri dishes, and polystyrene plates of different profiles were analyzed. when studying the process of films formation, different eff ...201728243912
genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 penner serotype reference strain rm3420.campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). penner serotype hs:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for gbs. this study describes the genome of c. jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 penner reference strain rm3420.201728232429
function and regulation of the c4-dicarboxylate transporters in campylobacter jejuni.c4-dicarboxylates are important molecules for the human pathogen c.jejuni, as they are used as carbon and electron acceptor molecules, as sugars cannot be utilized by this microaerophilic organism. based on the genome analysis, c. jejuni may possess five different c4-dicarboxylate transporters: dcta, dcua, dcub, and two homologs of dcuc. here, we investigated the regulation and function of various c4-dicarboxylate transporters in c. jejuni. transcription of the dcta and dcuc homologs is constitu ...201728223978
antimicrobial use for and resistance of zoonotic bacteria recovered from nonhuman primates.as a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (amr) has become a central public-health topic. largescale surveillance systems, such as the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding amr, but comprehensive literature on amr among nhp is sparse. this study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of amr in zoonotic bacteria recovered from nhp within biom ...201728222842
in vivo genome editing with a small cas9 orthologue derived from campylobacter jejuni.several crispr-cas9 orthologues have been used for genome editing. here, we present the smallest cas9 orthologue characterized to date, derived from campylobacter jejuni (cjcas9), for efficient genome editing in vivo. after determining protospacer-adjacent motif (pam) sequences and optimizing single-guide rna (sgrna) length, we package the cjcas9 gene, its sgrna sequence, and a marker gene in an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (aav) vector and produce the resulting virus at a high titer. cjcas ...201728220790
enteric pathogens and their toxin-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier through alteration of tight junctions in chickens.maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. the gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird's health. the intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. it consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the s ...201728208612
the epiquant framework for computing the epidemiological concordance of microbial subtyping data.a fundamental assumption in the use and interpretation of microbial subtyping results for public health investigations is that isolates that appear to be related based on molecular subtyping data are expected to share commonalities with respect to their origin, history and distribution. critically, no approach currently exists for systematically assessing the underlying epidemiology of subtyping results. our aim was to develop a method for directly quantifying the similarity between bacterial is ...201728202797
erratum to: assays to study the interaction of campylobacter jejuni with the mucosal surface. 201728190242
increased glycosylation efficiency of recombinant proteins in escherichia coli by auto-induction.escherichia coli cells have been considered as promising hosts for producing n-glycosylated proteins since the successful production of n-glycosylated protein in e. coli with the pgl (n-linked protein glycosylation) locus from campylobacter jejuni. however, one hurdle in producing n-glycosylated proteins in large scale using e. coli is inefficient glycan glycosylation. in this study, we developed a strategy for the production of n-glycosylated proteins with high efficiency via an optimized auto- ...201728188786
targeting bacillosamine biosynthesis in bacterial pathogens: development of inhibitors to a bacterial amino-sugar acetyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni.the glycoproteins of selected microbial pathogens often include highly modified carbohydrates such as 2,4-diacetamidobacillosamine (dinacbac). these glycoconjugates are involved in host-cell interactions and may be associated with the virulence of medically significant gram-negative bacteria. in light of genetic studies demonstrating the attenuated virulence of bacterial strains in which modified carbohydrate biosynthesis enzymes have been knocked out, we are developing small molecule inhibitors ...201728182413
antimicrobial activities of phenolic extracts derived from seed coats of selected soybean varieties.soybean hulls or seed coats consist of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and polyphenols such as anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, and isoflavones. the polyphenolics in the seed coats give them various colors such as black, brown, green, yellow, or even a mottled appearance. in this study, the antimicrobial effects of phenolic extracts from the seed coats of different colored soybeans (yellow, dark brown, brown, and black) were evaluated against foodborne pathogens such as salmonella typ ...201728178372
campylobacter jejuni and associated immune mechanisms: short-term effects and long-term implications for infants in low-income countries.campylobacter jejuni is recognized as one of the most common causes of food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide, resulting in a self-limiting dysentery in developed countries. however, it is increasingly gaining attention due to its association with postinfectious complications such as guillain-barré syndrome and recently recognized importance in early childhood diarrhea in developing countries. we hypothesize that the inflammation mediated by c. jejuni infection causes environmental enteri ...201728157786
draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni 11168h.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world. the reference and original sequenced strain c. jejuni nctc11168 has low levels of motility compared to clinical isolates. here, we describe the draft genome of the laboratory derived hypermotile variant named 11168h.201728153902
cj1199 affect the development of erythromycin resistance in campylobacter jejuni through regulation of leucine biosynthesis.the aim of this study was to reveal the biological function of cj1199 which was overexpressed in the laboratory induced erythromycin resistant strains. the cj1199 deletion mutant (φcj1199) was constructed via insertional inactivation from its parent strain campylobacter jejuni nctc11168. the φcj1199 and nctc11168 were then subjected to microarray and real-time pcr to find gene pathway of cj1199. the antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance development, growth characteristics and le ...201728144238
evidence of campylobacter jejuni reduction in broilers with early synbiotic administration.c. jejuni is considered a food safety concern to both public health authorities and consumers since it is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. a high incidence of c. jejuni in broiler flocks is often correlated to pathogen recovery in retail poultry meat, which is the main source of human infection. in this work broiler chickens were fed with a synbiotic product mixed with conventional feed using two different administration strategies. the synbiotic was formulate ...201728390936
microbiota composition and immune responses during campylobacter jejuni infection in conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nucleotide oligomerization domain 2.host immune responses are pivotal for combating enteropathogenic infections. we here assessed the impact of the innate receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (nod2) in murine campylobacter jejuni-infection. conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nod2 and il-10(-/-) controls were perorally challenged with c. jejuni strain 81-176 and displayed comparable pathogenic colonization of intestines until day 14 postinfection (p.i.). whereas overall intestinal microbiota compositio ...201728386467
current and potential treatments for reducing campylobacter colonization in animal hosts and disease in humans.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. in the developed world, campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. traditionally, severe or pr ...201728386253
interactions of the periplasmic binding protein ceue with fe(iii) n-licam(4-) siderophore analogues of varied linker length.bacteria use siderophores to mediate the transport of essential fe(iii) into the cell. in campylobacter jejuni the periplasmic binding protein ceue, an integral part of the fe(iii) transport system, has adapted to bind tetradentate siderophores using a his and a tyr side chain to complete the fe(iii) coordination. a series of tetradentate siderophore mimics was synthesized in which the length of the linker between the two iron-binding catecholamide units was increased from four carbon atoms (4-l ...201728383577
evaluation of usda approved antimicrobials on the reduction of salmonella and campylobacter in ground chicken frames and their effect on meat quality.the main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of usda approved antimicrobials in reducing salmonella heidelberg (s. h.) and campylobacter jejuni (c. j.) in ground chicken frames and to determine the treatment effects on total aerobic counts and meat color. six antimicrobials (0.1% peracetic acid [paa], 0.6% cetylpyridinium chloride [cpc], 0.005% sodium hypochlorite, 1.5% acidified lactic acid [ala], 0.3% propionic acid, and 0.1% lauric arginate [lae]) applied as dip treatments wer ...201728379524
nonselective bottlenecks control the divergence and diversification of phase-variable bacterial populations.phase variation occurs in many pathogenic and commensal bacteria and is a major generator of genetic variability. a putative advantage of phase variation is to counter reductions in variability imposed by nonselective bottlenecks during transmission. genomes of campylobacter jejuni, a widespread food-borne pathogen, contain multiple phase-variable loci whose rapid, stochastic variation is generated by hypermutable simple sequence repeat tracts. these loci can occupy a vast number of combinatoria ...201728377533
key role of capsular polysaccharide in the induction of systemic infection and abortion by hypervirulent campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and a hypervirulent strain, named clone sa, has recently emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion in the united states. to induce abortion, orally ingested campylobacter must translocate across the intestinal epithelium, spread systemically in the circulation, and reach the fetoplacental tissue. bacterial factors involved in these steps are not well understood. c. jejuni is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (cps), but the specific rol ...201728373351
characterisation by multilocus sequence and pora and flaa typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from samples of dog faeces collected in one city in new zealand.to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and c. jejuni in dog faecal material collected from dog walkways in the city of palmerston north, new zealand, and to characterise the c. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and pora and flaa antigen gene typing.201728372482
lack of evidence that selenium-yeast improves chicken health and modulates the caecal microbiota in the context of colonization by campylobacter jejuni.faced with ever-increasing demand, the industrial production of food animals is under pressure to increase its production. in order to keep productivity, quality, and safety standards up while reducing the use of antibiotics, farmers are seeking new feed additives. in chicken production, one of these additives is selenium. this element is expected to confer some advantages in terms of animal health and productivity, but its impact on chicken intestinal microbiota as well as on the carriage of fo ...201728367146
outbreak of campylobacteriosis following a dairy farm visit: confirmation by genotyping.in april-may 2014, an outbreak of campylobacteriosis occurred after a preschool visit to a dairy farm in the south western part of sweden. during the visit, a meal, including unpasteurized milk, was served. a retrospective cohort study using a web-based questionnaire was performed among the participants (n = 30) of the farm visit. a total of 24 of the 30 (80%) cohort members completed the questionnaire. eleven cases were identified, and campylobacter jejuni was isolated from eight of them. seven ...201728350214
identification and initial characterisation of a protein involved in campylobacter jejuni cell shape.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food borne illness. while helical cell shape is considered important for c. jejuni pathogenesis, this bacterium is capable of adopting other morphologies. to better understand how helical-shaped c. jejuni maintain their shape and thus any associated colonisation, pathogenicity or other advantage, it is first important to identify the genes and proteins involved. so far, two peptidoglycan modifying enzymes pgp1 and pgp2 have been shown to be ...201728131954
antimicrobial use for and resistance of zoonotic bacteria recovered from nonhuman primates.as a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (amr) has become a central public-health topic. largescale surveillance systems, such as the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding amr, but comprehensive literature on amr among nhp is sparse. this study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of amr in zoonotic bacteria recovered from nhp within biom ...201728128070
campylobacter jejuni infection of conventionally colonized mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.the nucleotide-binding oligomerisaton protein 2 (nod2) constitutes a pivotal sensor of bacterial muramyl dipeptide and assures expression of distinct antimicrobial peptides and mediators produced by enterocytes and immune cells directed against pathogens including campylobacter jejuni. we here elucidated the role of nod2 during murine c. jejuni infection in more detail.201728127403
complete annotated genome sequences of three campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from naturally colonized farm-raised chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived foodborne illness. human illness is commonly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. three c. jejuni strains were isolated from cecal contents of three different naturally colonized farm-raised chickens. the complete genomes of these three isolates are presented here.201728126931
myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni infection. 201728126233
genome-wide identification of host-segregating epidemiological markers for source attribution in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is among the most common worldwide causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. this organism is part of the commensal microbiota of numerous host species, including livestock, and these animals constitute potential sources of human infection. molecular typing approaches, especially multilocus sequence typing (mlst), have been used to attribute the source of human campylobacteriosis by quantifying the relative abundance of alleles at seven mlst loci among isolates from animal reservoirs an ...201728115376
characterization of the dtdp-fuc3n and dtdp-qui3n biosynthetic pathways in campylobacter jejuni 81116†.the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni 81116 (penner serotype hs:6) has a class e lipooligosaccharide (los) biosynthesis locus containing 19 genes, which encode for 11 putative glycosyltransferases, 1 lipid a acyltransferase and 7 enzymes thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of dideoxyhexosamine (ddhexn) moieties. although the los outer core structure of c. jejuni 81116 is still unknown, recent mass spectrometry analyses suggest that it contains acetylated forms of two ddhexn res ...201728096310
mplex: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling.the continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host-pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines. molecular characterization of infectious samples outside of appropriate biosafety containment can take place only subsequent to pathogen inactivation. herein, we describe a modified folch extraction using chloroform/methanol that facilita ...201728091625
molecular epidemiological analysis of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan using next-generation sequencing.in this research, we analyzed the main sequence types (st) and st complexes of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). we also analyzed lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus classes (los locus classes) and the numbers of isolates carrying genes coding resistance factors against various antibiotics, and observed their relationships. st-21 complex was the main st complex in isolates from humans (n = 38) and chickens (n = 25) ...201728087306
campylobacter jejuni transducer like proteins: chemotaxis and beyond.chemotaxis, a process that mediates directional motility toward or away from chemical stimuli (chemoeffectors/ligands that can be attractants or repellents) in the environment, plays an important role in the adaptation of campylobacter jejuni to disparate niches. the chemotaxis system consists of core signal transduction proteins and methyl-accepting-domain-containing transducer like proteins (tlps). ligands binding to tlps relay a signal to chemotaxis proteins in the cytoplasm which initiate a ...201728080213
epidemiological relationships of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and chickens in south korea.thirty-nine human isolates of campylobacter jejuni obtained from a national university hospital during 2007-2010 and 38 chicken isolates of c. jejuni were collected from poultry farms during 2009-2010 in south korea were used in this study. campylobacter genomic species and virulence-associated genes were identified by pcr. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) were performed to compare their genetic relationships. all isolates were highly resistant to cip ...201728035601
structural investigation on wlarg from campylobacter jejuni: a sugar aminotransferase.campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative bacterium that represents a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. of particular concern is the link between c. jejuni infections and the subsequent development of guillain-barré syndrome, an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to paralysis. all gram-negative bacteria contain complex glycoconjugates anchored to their outer membranes, but in most strains of c. jejuni, this lipoglycan lacks the o-antigen repeating units. recent mass spectrometry ...201728028852
epidemiological and serological investigation of a waterborne campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a danish town.following an unusually heavy rainfall in june 2009, a community-wide outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small danish town. the outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study of blood samples from cases and asymptomatic members of case households, and (4) environmental analyses of the water distribution system. the questionnaire study identified 163 case ...201727903324
campylobacter jejuni strains coresistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in patients with gastroenteritis in croatia().antibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni strains are rapidly emerging worldwide. here, we aimed to determine the antibiotic-resistance patterns and genetic structure of c. jejuni from stool samples of symptomatic patients in dalmatia, the largest croatian county.201727900889
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis: case report and review of the literature.we describe a case of a 25-year-old male with a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) following infection with campylobacter jejuni, which is implicated in various human pathologies regarding the central nervous system (cns) with acute course like guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), miller-fisher syndrome (mfs), bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bee), acute transverse myelitis (atm) as well as adem. these conditions are caused by cross-reactivity between campylobacter's epitope ...201727888275
generation and screening of an insertion sequencing-compatible mutant library of campylobacter jejuni.the advent of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled experimental approaches to characterize large, complex populations of dna molecules with high resolution. included among these are methods to assess populations of transposon insertion libraries for the fitness cost of any particular mutant allele after applying selection to a population. these approaches have proven invaluable for identifying genetic factors that influence survival of bacterial pathogens within different environmen ...201727885613
analyzing prokaryotic rna-seq data: a case study identifying holo-fur regulated genes in campylobacter jejuni.in recent years, rna-seq has become an important method in the process of measuring gene expression in various cells and organisms. this chapter will detail all the bioinformatic steps that should be undertaken to determine differentially expressed genes from a typical rna-seq experiment. each step will be clearly explained in "non-bioinformatic" terminology so that readers embarking on rna-seq analysis will be able to understand the rationale and reasoning behind each step. moreover, the exact ...201727885612
methods for proteome analysis of campylobacter jejuni using 2-d electrophoresis.this chapter describes protocols used for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the proteome or subproteome of campylobacter jejuni, a major human food-borne pathogen. the following protocols, adapted to campylobacter strains, include all the steps from cultivation to gel-support protein separation.201727885611
characterizing glycoproteins by mass spectrometry in campylobacter jejuni.the glycosylation systems of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) are considered archetypal examples of both n- and o-linked glycosylations in the field of bacterial glycosylation. the discovery and characterization of these systems both have revealed important biological insight into c. jejuni and have led to the refinement and enhancement of methodologies to characterize bacterial glycosylation. in general, mass spectrometry-based characterization has become the preferred methodology for the study ...201727885610
methods for genome-wide methylome profiling of campylobacter jejuni.methylation has a profound role in the regulation of numerous biological processes in bacteria including virulence. the study of methylation in bacteria has greatly advanced thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies. these technologies have expedited the process of uncovering unique features of many bacterial methylomes such as characterizing previously uncharacterized methyltransferases, cataloging genome-wide dna methylations in bacteria, identifying the frequency of methylation at par ...201727885609
metabolomic analysis of campylobacter jejuni by direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.direct-injection mass spectrometry (dims) is a means of rapidly obtaining metabolomic phenotype data in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. given our generally poor understanding of campylobacter metabolism, the high-throughput and relatively simple sample preparation of dims has made this an attractive technique for metabolism-related studies and hypothesis generation, especially when attempting to analyze metabolic mutants with no clear phenotype. here we describe a metabolomic fingerprinting app ...201727885608
mouse models for campylobacter jejuni colonization and infection.relevant animal models for campylobacter jejuni infection have been difficult to establish due to c. jejuni's inability to cause disease in many common animal research models. fortunately, recent work has proven successful in developing several new and relevant mouse models of c. jejuni infection, including the sigirr-deficient mouse strain that develops acute enterocolitis in response to c. jejuni. here we describe how to properly infect mice with c. jejuni, as well as a number of accompanying ...201727885607
using galleria mellonella as an infection model for campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis.nonmammalian model systems of infection have been employed recently to study bacterial virulence. for instance, galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth) has been shown to be susceptible to infection by many bacterial pathogens including the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the traditional animal models for c. jejuni such as the chick colonization model and ferret diarrheal model, the galleria mellonella infection model has the advantages of lower cost, ease of use and no a ...201727885606
characterization of ligand-receptor interactions: chemotaxis, biofilm, cell culture assays, and animal model methodologies.chemotactic motility is an essential virulence factor for the pathogenesis of campylobacter spp. infection. in chapter 6 , we described technologies that enable initial screening and identification of ligands able to interact with chemoreceptor sensory domains. these include amino acid and glycan arrays, nmr, and spr that are utilized to identify potential ligands interacting with campylobacter jejuni. here we describe techniques that enable the characterization and evaluation of ligand-receptor ...201727885605
assays to study the interaction of campylobacter jejuni with the mucosal surface.mucosal colonization and overcoming the mucosal barrier are essential steps in the establishment of infection by campylobacter jejuni. the interaction between c. jejuni and host cells, including binding and invasion, is thought to be the key virulence factor important for pathogenesis of c. jejuni infections in animals or humans. the intestinal mucosal barrier is composed of a polarized epithelium covered by a thick adherent mucus gel layer. there is a requirement for cell culture assays of infe ...201727885604
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