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unusual manifestation of helicobacter cinaedi infection: a case report of intracranial subdural empyema and bacteremia.there have been various reports concerning helicobacter cinaedi infections. however, few reports have examined central nervous system infections.201728061821
isolation, identification and differentiation of campylobacter spp. using multiplex pcr assay from goats in khartoum state, sudan.the aim of this study was to identify and characterize thermophilic campylobacter species in faecal samples from goats in khartoum state, sudan, by application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and the organisms can be transmitted to human via food, water and through contact with farm animals and pets. there are five clinically related campylobacter species: campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni). campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, ...201728160162
assessing the intra-species genetic variability in the clonal pathogen campylobacter fetus: crisprs are highly polymorphic dna markers.campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that infects animals and humans. the subspecies campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (cff) affects a broad range of vertebrate hosts and induces abortion in cows and sheep. campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) is restricted to cattle and causes the endemic disease bovine genital campylobacteriosis, which triggers reproductive problems and is responsible for major economic losses. campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum (cft) has ...201727867047
campylobacter-associated diseases in animals.campylobacter includes a group of genetically diverse species causing a range of diseases in animals and humans. the bacterium is frequently associated with two economically important and epidemiologically distinct reproductive diseases in ruminants: enzootic infectious infertility in cattle owing to campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle. septic abortion, usually epizootic in sheep, has been historically associated with c. fetus subsp. fetus and to a les ...201727860495
motility of campylobacter concisus isolated from saliva, feces, and gut mucosal biopsies.campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), but the species is also found in healthy subjects. the heterogeneous genome of c. concisus increases the likelihood of varying virulence between strains. flagella motility is a crucial virulence factor for the well-recognized campylobacter jejuni; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the motility of c. concisus isolated from saliva, gut biopsi ...201728116789
epsilonproteobacterial hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (εhao): characterization of a 'missing link' in the multihaem cytochrome c family.members of the multihaem cytochrome c (mcc) family such as pentahaem cytochrome c nitrite reductase (nrfa) or octahaem hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao) are involved in various microbial respiratory electron transport chains. some members of the hao subfamily, here called εhao proteins, have been predicted from the genomes of nitrate/nitrite-ammonifying bacteria that usually lack nrfa. here, εhao proteins from the host-associated epsilonproteobacteria campylobacter fetus and campylobacter curvu ...201728388834
application of direct polymerase chain reaction assays for campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and tritrichomonas foetus to screen preputial samples from breeding bulls in cow-calf herds in western canada.the primary objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) and tritrichomonas foetus in breeding bulls from a sentinel cohort of cow-calf herds in western canada and to estimate the association between positive test status and non-pregnancy. the final objective was to evaluate the application of these tests when: i) screening bulls in the absence of a recognized problem with reproductive performance, and ii) testing for diagnosis of poor p ...201728408776
pericarditis caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus associated with ingestion of raw beef liver.campylobacter fetus is an organism residing primarily in the gastrointestinal tracts of cattle and sheep and transmitting to humans through ingestion of contaminated food products or surface water. the organism has caused various extraintestinal infections but, to date, purulent pericarditis due to the organism has rarely been described. we report a case of purulent pericarditis due to c. fetus subsp. fetus, occurring in a patient having several predisposing conditions, including receiving hemod ...201728803866
clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by campylobacter species with an emphasis on the subspecies of c. fetus.this study was intended to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by campylobacter species.201728801089
campylobacter fetus impairs barrier function in ht-29/b6 cells through focal tight junction alterations and leaks.infections by campylobacter species are the most common foodborne zoonotic disease worldwide. campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are isolated most frequently from human stool samples, but severe infections by c. fetus (cf), which can cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and abortion, are also found. this study aims at the characterization of pathological changes in cf infection using an intestinal epithelial cell model. the cf-induced epithelial barrier defects appeared earlier than those of avian c ...201728662272
myositis ossificans of the hip due to pyogenic arthritis caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus.a 61-year-old woman was admitted with severe hip pain causing immobility and high serum levels of inflammatory markers. the patient had a medical history of diabetes. she had been scheduled to undergo right hip replacement surgery for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with gradually progressive pain. on admission, an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan showed an abnormal increase in synovial fluid surrounding the right ilium, with piriformis muscle calcification. subsequent bloo ...201728420848
campylobacter fetus bacteremia in a healthy patient returning from a trip to the ecuadorian amazonia.campylobacter fetus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes bacteremia and other invasive infections in immunocompromised patients who have been exposed to livestock or ingested animal products (uncooked meat or unpasteurized milk). the present report describes a c. fetus infection in a healthy adult (immunocompetent) who returned from a visit to the ecuadorian amazonia and who did not report exposure to the typical sources of infection.201628026907
a case of defibrillator-associated infective endocarditis due to campylobacter fetus.campylobacter spp. are gram-negative, spiral motile bacteria. infections caused by campylobacter fetus are frequently of invasive character, but they are very rare. the described case of infection of a cardioverter defibrillator implantation site was effectively cured with antibiotics, but it required removal of the cardioverter defibrillator.201627473849
tubo-ovarian abscess with endometrial cyst probably infected by campylobacter fetus: two cases.campylobacter fetus often causes systemic infection in immunocompromised or older patients, and prenatal infection, but campylobacter has rarely been reported as a cause of adnexitis in healthy young women. here we report two cases of endometriotic cysts infected by c. fetus for the first time. in case 1, a 28-year-old woman with a left adnexal cyst was hospitalized for left tubo-ovarian abscess and underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy. in case 2, a 22-year-old woman with a right adnexal cyst wa ...201627080623
crystal-induced arthritis after arthroplasty: 7 cases.to describe the occurrence in prosthetic joints of crystal-induced arthritis (cia) defined as the deposition within the synovial membrane and/or joint cavity of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (cppd) (chondrocalcinosis), sodium urate (gout), or hydroxyapatite.201627020953
steak tartare endocarditis.this report describes a case of campylobacter fetus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis and discusses the subsequent management. although c. fetus has a tropism for vascular endothelium, infective endocarditis has rarely been reported. in this patient, despite initial optimal antimicrobial therapy, valve replacement was ultimately required due to ongoing infectious emboli to the brain in the setting of evidence of vegetation enlargement on echocardiogram. the prosthetic valve was replaced, t ...201626917729
infectious spondylitis in a patient with chronic kidney disease: identification of campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum by 16s ribosomal rna sequencing.we report the first case of spondylitis with bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum identified by 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene sequencing. an 81-year-old man presented with fever and general weakness. his medical history included end-stage renal disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. despite empirical antibiotic treatment, his fever and back pain persisted. magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement showed a low-signal-intensity lesion in t1-wei ...201626743148
a review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health.the objective is to discuss sexually transmitted diseases caused by tritrichomonas foetus (t foetus) and campylobacter fetus (c fetus) subsp. venerealis, with a focus on prevalence, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in cows and bulls. diagnosis and control are problematic because these diseases cause severe reproductive losses in cows, but in bulls are clinically asymptomatic, which allows the disease to flourish, especially in the absence of legislated control programs. we review research regarding p ...201626679515
[bloodstream infection due to campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and skin involvement: a case series of three patients].among the species of campylobacter, c. fetus subspecies fetus is characterized by extra-intestinal manifestations, including bloodstream and cardiovascular infections, occurring preferentially in the context of immunosuppression. the cutaneous lesions are rarely described but may be underestimated.201626427559
a novel real-time pcr assay for quantitative detection of campylobacter fetus based on ribosomal sequences.campylobacter fetus is a pathogen of major concern for animal and human health. the species shows a great intraspecific variation, with three subspecies: c. fetus subsp. fetus, c. fetus subsp. venerealis, and c. fetus subsp. testudinum. campylobacter fetus fetus affects a broad range of hosts and induces abortion in sheep and cows. campylobacter fetus venerealis is restricted to cattle and causes the endemic disease bovine genital campylobacteriosis, which triggers reproductive problems and is r ...201627978826
complete genome sequence of type strain campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus atcc 27374.campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is a zoonotic bacterium important for animal and public health. the complete sequencing and annotation of the genome of the type strain c. fetus subsp. fetus atcc 27374 are reported here.201627979934
antimicrobial usage and resistance in beef production.antimicrobials are critical to contemporary high-intensity beef production. many different antimicrobials are approved for beef cattle, and are used judiciously for animal welfare, and controversially, to promote growth and feed efficiency. antimicrobial administration provides a powerful selective pressure that acts on the microbial community, selecting for resistance gene determinants and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria resident in the bovine flora. the bovine microbiota includes many harmles ...201627999667
contained rupture of a mycotic infrarenal aortic aneurysm infected with campylobacter fetus.mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms (maaas) are rare entities accounting for 0.65-2% of aortic aneurysms. campylobacter fetus has a tropism for vascular tissue and is a rare cause of mycotic aneurysm. we present a 73-year-old male patient with contained rupture of a maaa caused by c. fetus, successfully treated with endovascular aortic repair (evar) and antibiotics, which is not previously described for this aetiology. although open surgery is the gold standard, evar is nowadays feasible and pote ...201627852656
long-term impact after fulminant guillain-barré syndrome, case report and literature review.a 47-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit a few hours after presenting to emergency department with acute diplopia and dysphonia. swallowing disorders and respiratory muscular weakness quickly required invasive ventilation. on day 3, the patient was in a "brain-death"-like state with deep coma and absent brainstem reflexes. electroencephalogram ruled out brain death diagnosis as a paradoxical sleep trace was recorded. cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electrophysiologic studies, and ...201627853394
infective abdominal aortitis due to campylobacter fetus bacteremia: a case report and review of literature.infectious aortitis (ia) is a rare but life-threatening condition, and most commonly affects the abdominal aorta or thoracic aorta. various microorganisms have been associated with infectious thoracic aortitis, most commonly staphylococcus, enterococcus, streptococcus, and salmonella species. campylobacter fetus (c. fetus) has been seen as a cause of infective aortitis only in a few case reports. we report a rare case of infective aortitis of the abdominal aorta caused due to c. fetus bacteremia ...201627904826
chronic subdural hematoma.chronic subdural hematoma (csdh) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. there is lack of uniformity in the treatment of csdh amongst surgeons in terms of various treatment strategies. clinical presentation may vary from no symptoms to unconsciousness. csdh is usually diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scan is more sensitive in the diagnosis of bilateral isodense csdh, multiple loculations, intrahematoma membranes, fresh bleeding ...201627695533
whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammal-associated campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with h2s production.campylobacter fetus (c. fetus) can cause disease in both humans and animals. c. fetus has been divided into three subspecies: c. fetus subsp. fetus (cff), c. fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) and c. fetus subsp. testudinum (cft). subspecies identification of mammal-associated c. fetus strains is crucial in the control of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc), a syndrome associated with cfv. the prescribed methods for subspecies identification of the cff and cfv isolates are: tolerance to 1 % glyci ...201627599479
an overview of the control of bacterial pathogens in cattle manure.cattle manure harbors microbial constituents that make it a potential source of pollution in the environment and infections in humans. knowledge of, and microbial assessment of, manure is crucial in a bid to prevent public health and environmental hazards through the development of better management practices and policies that should govern manure handling. physical, chemical and biological methods to reduce pathogen population in manure do exist, but are faced with challenges such as cost, odor ...201627571092
complete genome sequences of campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis strain lmg 9260 and c. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii strain lmg 15993.campylobacter hyointestinalis is isolated primarily from ruminants and swine, but is also occasionally isolated from humans. c. hyointestinalis is currently divided into two subspecies, c. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis and c. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii this study describes the first closed whole-genome sequences of c. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis isolate lmg 9260 and c. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii isolate lmg 15993.201627417840
characterization of the microbial communities along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep by 454 pyrosequencing analysis.the gastrointestinal tract of sheep contain complex microbial communities that influence numerous aspects of the sheep's health and development. the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) of sheep.201627383798
characterization of the microbial communities along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep by 454 pyrosequencing analysis.the gastrointestinal tract of sheep contain complex microbial communities that influence numerous aspects of the sheep's health and development. the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) of sheep.201627383798
clinical and epidemiological analysis of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infections in humans and comparative genetic analysis with strains isolated from cattle.campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (cff) is an important pathogen for both cattle and humans. we performed a systematic epidemiological and clinical study of patients and evaluated the genetic relatedness of 17 human and 17 bovine cff isolates by using different genotyping methods. in addition, the serotype, the dissemination of the genomic island containing a type iv secretion system (t4ss) and resistance determinants for tetracycline and streptomycin were also evaluated.201627177684
rapid identification and multiple susceptibility testing of pathogens from positive-culture sterile body fluids by a combined maldi-tof mass spectrometry and vitek susceptibility system.infections of the bloodstream, central nervous system, peritoneum, joints, and other sterile areas are associated with high morbidity and sequelae risk. timely initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is crucial to improving patient prognosis. however, standard final identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (asts) are reported 16-48 h after a positive alert. for a rapid, effective and low-cost diagnosis, we combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mas ...201627148212
campylobacter jejuni fatal sepsis in a patient with non-hodgkin's lymphoma: case report and literature review of a difficult diagnosis.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) bacteremia is difficult to diagnose in individuals with hematological disorders undergoing chemotherapy. the cause can be attributed to the rarity of this infection, to the variable clinical presentation, and to the partial overlapping symptoms underlying the disease. here, we report a case of a fatal sepsis caused by c. jejuni in a 76-year-old caucasian man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma. after chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient experienced fever associated wi ...201627077849
campylobacter fetus subspecies contain conserved type iv secretion systems on multiple genomic islands and plasmids.the features contributing to differences in pathogenicity of the campylobacter fetus subspecies are unknown. putative factors involved in pathogenesis are located in genomic islands that encode a type iv secretion system (t4ss) and fic domain (filamentation induced by cyclic amp) proteins, which may disrupt host cell processes. in the genomes of 27 c. fetus strains, three phylogenetically-different t4ss-encoding regions (t4sss) were identified: one was located in both the chromosome and in extra ...201627049518
insights on alterations to the rumen ecosystem by nitrate and nitrocompounds.nitrate and certain short chain nitrocompounds and nitro-oxy compounds are being investigated as dietary supplements to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminal methane emissions. thermodynamically, nitrate is a preferred electron acceptor in the rumen that consumes electrons at the expense of methanogenesis during dissimilatory reduction to an intermediate, nitrite, which is primarily reduced to ammonia although small quantities of nitrous oxide may also be produced. shor ...201626973609
ultrafiltration and microarray for detection of microbial source tracking marker and pathogen genes in riverine and marine systems.pathogen identification and microbial source tracking (mst) to identify sources of fecal pollution improve evaluation of water quality. they contribute to improved assessment of human health risks and remediation of pollution sources. an mst microarray was used to simultaneously detect genes for multiple pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution in freshwater, marine water, sewage-contaminated freshwater and marine water, and treated wastewater. dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) was used to conc ...201626729716
nitrate and inhibition of ruminal methanogenesis: microbial ecology, obstacles, and opportunities for lowering methane emissions from ruminant livestock.ruminal methane production is among the main targets for greenhouse gas (ghg) mitigation for the animal agriculture industry. many compounds have been evaluated for their efficacy to suppress enteric methane production by ruminal microorganisms. of these, nitrate as an alternative hydrogen sink has been among the most promising, but it suffers from variability in efficacy for reasons that are not understood. the accumulation of nitrite, which is poisonous when absorbed into the animal's circulat ...201626904008
reptile toll-like receptor 5 unveils adaptive evolution of bacterial flagellin recognition.toll-like receptors (tlr) are ancient innate immune receptors crucial for immune homeostasis and protection against infection. tlrs are present in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish but have not been functionally characterized in reptiles despite the central position of this animal class in vertebrate evolution. here we report the cloning, characterization, and function of tlr5 of the reptile anolis carolinensis (green anole lizard). the receptor (actlr5) displays the typical tlr protein archit ...201626738735
effect of sample pooling and transport conditions on the clinical sensitivity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in preputial samples from bulls.the diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc) presents significant challenges, as traditional methods lack sensitivity when prolonged transport of samples is required. assays of preputial samples by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) provide good sensitivity and high throughput capabilities. however, there is limited information on the acceptable duration of transport and temperature during transport of samples. in addition, the use of pooled samples has proven to be a ...201626733730
comparative genomics of h. pylori and non-pylori helicobacter species to identify new regions associated with its pathogenicity and adaptability.the genus helicobacter is a group of gram-negative, helical-shaped pathogens consisting of at least 36 bacterial species. helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), infecting more than 50% of the human population, is considered as the major cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. however, the genetic underpinnings of h. pylori that are responsible for its large scale epidemic and gastrointestinal environment adaption within human beings remain unclear. core-pan genome analysis was performed ...201628078297
challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information. 201627346955
the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members.the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members.201627448413
staphylococcus aureus aortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis: a case report and literature review.an infected aortic aneurysm is a process with high mortality rate. survival is dependent on an early diagnosis and surgical management. this case report details a rare presentation of aortitis with persistent methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) bacteremia, which initially presented as retroperitoneal fibrosis and was ultimately fatal.201627516965
dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with tuberculous pleural effusion.we present the case of thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with the tuberculous pleural effusion. an 82-year-old woman underwent emergency stent graft under a diagnosis of dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. preoperative computed tomography revealed right pleural effusion supposed to the hemothorax caused by the dissecting aneurysm. but, the effusion was sanguineous color fluid and it was determined to result from pulmonary tuberculosis. the medical team was exposed to the pulmonary tuberculosi ...201627499987
momp from campylobacter jejuni is a trimer of 18-stranded β-barrel monomers with a ca(2+) ion bound at the constriction zone.the gram-negative organism campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. unlike escherichia coli, which has two major porins, ompc and ompf, c. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (momp) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. we report the 2.1-å crystal structure of c. jejuni momp expressed in e. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from c. jejuni. the 2.1-å resolution structure of recombinant momp showed that alth ...201627693650
development of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for rapid and simultaneous identification of common foodborne pathogens in soft cheese.dairy products can harbor various microorganisms (e.g., campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli) arising from animal reservoirs, and which can become important sources of foodborne illness. therefore, early detection of food pathogens is crucial to prevent diseases. we wished to develop an accurate quantitative protocol based on a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) involving eight individual taqman™ reactions to detect ...201627840628
polyphosphate and associated enzymes as global regulators of stress response and virulence in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is a predominant cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. despite its importance as a major foodborne pathogen, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying c. jejuni stress survival and pathogenesis is limited. inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) has been shown to play significant roles in bacterial resistance to stress and virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. c. jejuni contains the ...201627672264
point mutations in the major outer membrane protein drive hypervirulence of a rapidly expanding clone of campylobacter jejuni.infections due to clonal expansion of highly virulent bacterial strains are clear and present threats to human and animal health. association of genetic changes with disease is now a routine, but identification of causative mutations that enable disease remains difficult. campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans mainly via the foodborne route. c. jejuni typically colonizes the gut, but a hypervirulent and rapidly expanding clone of c. jejuni recently emerged, ...201627601641
evaluation of various campylobacter-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for detection and enumeration of campylobacteraceae in irrigation water and wastewater via a miniaturized most-probable-number-qpcr assay.campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and water is increasingly seen as a risk factor in transmission. here we describe a most-probable-number (mpn)-quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay in which water samples are centrifuged and aliquoted into microtiter plates and the bacteria are enumerated by qpcr. we observed that commonly used campylobacter molecular assays produced vastly different detection rates. in irrigation water samples, detection rates varied depe ...201627235434
comparative genomics of campylobacter fetus from reptiles and mammals reveals divergent evolution in host-associated lineages.campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and c fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas c fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. both c. fetus subsp. testudinum and c. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. to study t ...201627333878
comparative detection and quantification of arcobacter butzleri in stools from diarrheic and nondiarrheic people in southwestern alberta, canada.arcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. the lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. using comparative genome analysis, we developed pcr primers for direct detection and quantification ofa. butzleri dna in microbiologically complex matrices. these primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detecta. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic an ...201626865686
the bacteriophage carrier state of campylobacter jejuni features changes in host non-coding rnas and the acquisition of new host-derived crispr spacer sequences.incorporation of self-derived crispr dna protospacers in campylobacter jejuni pt14 occurs in the presence of bacteriophages encoding a crispr-like cas4 protein. this phenomenon was evident in carrier state infections where both bacteriophages and host are maintained for seemingly indefinite periods as stable populations following serial passage. carrier state cultures of c. jejuni pt14 have greater aerotolerance in nutrient limited conditions, and may have arisen as an evolutionary response to s ...201627047470
campylobacter fetus meningitis in adults: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis. little is known about the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome of c fetus meningitis in adults.we report cases of c fetus meningitis in a nationwide cohort study of adult bacterial meningitis patients in the netherlands and performed a review of the literature.two patients with c fetus meningitis were identified from january 2006 through may 2015. the calculated annual incidence was 0.02 per ...201626937916
effects of nitrate addition on rumen fermentation, bacterial biodiversity and abundance.this study examined changes of rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria biodiversity and abundance caused by nitrate addition with ion torrent sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. three rumen-fistulated steers were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% nitrate (dry matter %) in succession. nitrate supplementation linearly increased total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentration obviously (p = 0.02; p = 0.02; p<0.01), butyrate and isovalerate concentration numerically (p = 0 ...201526194220
milk modulates campylobacter invasion into caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.raw milk is a recognized source of campylobacter outbreaks, but pasteurization is an effective way to eliminate the causative agent of campylobacteriosis. whereas breastfeeding is protective against infectious diseases, consumption of formula milk is thought to be not. however, in relation to campylobacter, such data is currently unavailable. although both pasteurized and formula milk are pathogen free and prepared in a quality controlled manner, the effect they have on the virulence of campylob ...201526495128
laboratory diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis.bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. while for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures i ...201525567220
identification of novel vaccine candidates against acinetobacter baumannii using reverse vaccinology.acinetobacter baumannii (ab) is a global emerging bacterium causing nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and soft tissue infections especially in intensive care units. since ab is resistant to almost all conventional antibiotics, it is now one of the 6 top-priorities of the dangerous microorganisms listed by the infectious disease society of america. the development of vaccine is one of the most promising and cost-effective strategies to prevent infections. in this stu ...201525751377
the rebirth of culture in microbiology through the example of culturomics to study human gut microbiota.bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a "dark matter" of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. by replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the "great plate count anomal ...201525567229
draft genome sequence of campylobacter fetus mmm01, isolated from a chronic kidney disease patient with sepsis.campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative bacterium that has caused several cases of human and animal disease. here, we report the draft genome sequence of c. fetus mmm01, isolated from the blood of a 60-year-old patient with type ii diabetes and chronic kidney disease. the sequence has a total length of 1,740,393 bp and an average g+c content of 33.1%. the availability of the draft genome sequence of c. fetus mmm01 isolated from a case of chronic kidney disease will contribute to a better understa ...201526450717
a phase-variable surface layer from the gut symbiont bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.the capsule from bacteroides, a common gut symbiont, has long been a model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of host-symbiont interactions. the bacteroides capsule is thought to consist of an array of phase-variable polysaccharides that give rise to subpopulations with distinct cell surface structures. here, we report the serendipitous discovery of a previously unknown surface structure in bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: a surface layer composed of a protein of unknown function, bt1927. ...201526419879
evolution of the selenoproteome in helicobacter pylori and epsilonproteobacteria.by competing for the acquisition of essential nutrients, helicobacter pylori has the unique ability to persist in the human stomach, also causing nutritional insufficiencies in the host. although the h. pylori genome apparently encodes selenocysteine synthase (sela, hp1513), a key pyridoxal phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme for the incorporation of selenium into bacterial proteins, nothing is known about the use of this essential element in protein synthesis by this pathogen. we analyzed the evol ...201526342139
low serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a marker of malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients.neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal or lcn2) is an iron-transporting factor which possesses various activities such as amelioration of kidney injury and host defense against pathogens. its circulating concentrations are elevated in acute and chronic kidney diseases and show a positive correlation with poor renal outcome and mortality, but its clinical significance in maintenance hemodialysis (hd) patients remains elusive.201526161663
global epidemiology of campylobacter infection.campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. the incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. the dramatic increase in north america, europe, and australia is alarming, and data from parts of africa, asia, and the middle east indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. in addition to c. jejuni, there is increasing rec ...201526062576
phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of agkistrodon piscivorus, the cottonmouth snake.vertebrates are metagenomic organisms in that they are composed not only of their own genes but also those of their associated microbial cells. the majority of these associated microorganisms are found in the gastrointestinal tract (git) and presumably assist in processes such as energy and nutrient acquisition. few studies have investigated the associated gut bacterial communities of non-mammalian vertebrates, and most rely on captive animals and/or fecal samples only. here we investigate the g ...201526039313
targeting surface-layer proteins with single-domain antibodies: a potential therapeutic approach against clostridium difficile-associated disease.clostridium difficile is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal infections in north america. antibiotic therapy is effective, but the high incidence of relapse and the rise in hypervirulent strains warrant the search for novel treatments. surface layer proteins (slps) cover the entire c. difficile bacterial surface, are composed of high-molecular-weight (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) subunits, and mediate adherence to host cells. passive and active immunization against slps has enh ...201525936376
prospective comparison of infective endocarditis in khon kaen, thailand and rennes, france.prospectively collected, contemporary data are lacking on how the features of infective endocarditis (ie) vary according to region. we, therefore, compared ie in rennes, france and khon kaen, thailand. fifty-eight patients with confirmed ie were enrolled at each site during 2011 and 2012 using a common protocol. compared with french patients, thais had a lower median age (47 versus 70 years old; p < 0.001) and reported more animal contact (86% versus 21%; p < 0.001). there were more zoonotic inf ...201525646262
complete genome sequence of campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum strain pet-3, isolated from a lizard (hydrosaurus pustulatus).the whole-genome sequence for campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum, a pathogen isolated from humans and turtles, has been reported recently. we present another completed genome sequence of the c. fetus subsp. testudinum strain pet-3, which was isolated from a lizard in taiwan, for further genomic comparison study.201525700400
retraction for dinant et al., aortic homograft endocarditis caused by campylobacter jejuni. 201525617446
chronic subdural hematoma infected by propionibacterium acnes: a case report.we present a very rare case of a patient with an infected subdural hematoma due to propionibacterium acnes. a 63-year-old male complained of dizziness and was admitted to our hospital. he had a history of left chronic subdural hematoma due to a traffic accident, which had been conservatively treated. physical, neurological and laboratory examinations revealed no definite abnormality. plain ct scan demonstrated a hypodense crescentic fluid collection over the surface of the left cerebral hemisphe ...201525759659
brucellosis, genital campylobacteriosis and other factors affecting calving rate of cattle in three states of northern nigeria.reproductive diseases limit the productivity of cattle worldwide and represent an important obstacle to profitable cattle enterprise. in this study, herd brucellosis and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc) status, and demographic and management variables were determined and related to predicted calving rate (prcr) of cattle herds in adamawa, kaduna and kano states, nigeria. serum samples, preputial scrapings, questionnaire data, trans-rectal palpation and farm records were used from 271 herd ...201525601264
infective internal iliac artery aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus.a 67-year-old man with a persistent high fever was diagnosed to have an infective aneurysm in his left internal iliac artery. a blood culture detected a gram-negative spiral rod that was first identified as campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis based on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis. however, the strain was finally confirmed to be campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus based on a genetic analysis. the infection was successfully t ...201526278295
[efficiency of bacteriological culture and the immunofluorescent assay to detect campylobacter fetus in bovine genital fluids].bovine genital campylobacteriosis is a reproductive disease that affects cattle production. it is caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies, c. fetus fetus (cff) and c. fetus venerealis (cfv). the aim of this study was to identify the presence of c. fetus in genital fluids by bacteriological culture and direct immunofluorescence (dif) and to compare the results. two groups of 6 heifers and 5 bulls, one infected with cff (cff group) and the other with cfv (cfv group) were formed. two heifers and 2 ...201526187267
re: mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review. 201526009476
a novel microbial source tracking microarray for pathogen detection and fecal source identification in environmental systems.pathogen detection and the identification of fecal contamination sources are challenging in environmental waters. factors including pathogen diversity and ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria hamper risk assessment and remediation of contamination sources. a custom microarray targeting pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa), microbial source tracking (mst) markers, and antibiotic resistance genes was tested against dna obtained from whole genome amplification (wga) of rna and dna from sewage an ...201525970344
a rural worker infected with a bovine-prevalent genotype of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus supports zoonotic transmission and inconsistency of mlst and whole-genome typing.whole-genome characterisation in clinical microbiology enables to detect trends in infection dynamics and disease transmission. here, we report a case of bacteraemia due to campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in a rural worker under cancer treatment that was diagnosed with cellulitis; the patient was treated with antibiotics and recovered. the routine typing methods were not able to identify the microorganism causing the infection, so it was further analysed by molecular methods and whole-genome se ...201525920493
prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine genital campylobacteriosis and bovine trichomonosis in the state of pernambuco, brazil.the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and tritrichomonas foetus infection in cows from dairy herds in the state of pernambuco, brazil. in total, 383 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus were collected from cows on 21 herds in 19 districts. genomic dna was extracted from the samples and submitted for polymerase chain reaction analysis. an investigative questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors, usin ...201525633914
evaluation and histological examination of a campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis small animal infection model.bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc), caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, is associated with production losses in cattle worldwide. this study aimed to develop a reliable bgc guinea pig model to facilitate future studies of pathogenicity, abortion mechanisms and vaccine efficacy. seven groups of five pregnant guinea pigs (1 control per group) were inoculated with one of three strains via intra-peritoneal (ip) or intra-vaginal routes. samples were examined using culture, pcr and h ...201525599935
campylobacter iguaniorum sp. nov., isolated from reptiles.during sampling of reptiles for members of the class epsilonproteobacteria, strains representing a member of the genus campylobacter not belonging to any of the established taxa were isolated from lizards and chelonians. initial amplified fragment length polymorphism, pcr and 16s rrna sequence analysis showed that these strains were most closely related to campylobacter fetus and campylobacter hyointestinalis. a polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of five strains. ...201525574036
[the identification and multilocus sequence typing of nine campylobacter fetus isolates from specimens of patients from 2012 to 2013]. 201526733037
eucast recommendations for antimicrobial susceptibility testing applied to the three main campylobacter species isolated in humans.antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter isolates is of great importance for treatment options especially in systemic diseases. the european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) recently proposed epidemiological cut-offs (ecoffs) for a limited number of antimicrobial compounds and for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli only. in the present study, the eucast method was used after minor modifications to define antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for, ...201526519770
structural brain lesions in inflammatory bowel disease.central nervous system (cns) complications or manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease deserve particular attention because symptomatic conditions can require early diagnosis and treatment, whereas unexplained manifestations might be linked with pathogenic mechanisms. this review focuses on both symptomatic and asymptomatic brain lesions detectable on imaging studies, as well as their frequency and potential mechanisms. a direct causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) an ...201526600970
infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls.investigate the presence of infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls in south-west victoria, australia, using a cross-sectional study.201526412115
improving survival and storage stability of bacteria recalcitrant to freeze-drying: a coordinated study by european culture collections.the objective of this study is to improve the viability after freeze-drying and during storage of delicate or recalcitrant strains safeguarded at biological resource centers. to achieve this objective, a joint experimental strategy was established among the different involved partner collections of the embarc project ( www.embarc.eu ). five bacterial strains considered as recalcitrant to freeze-drying were subjected to a standardized freeze-drying protocol and to seven agreed protocol variants. ...201525773973
the susceptibility of campylobacter concisus to the bactericidal effects of normal human serum.campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract that has been associated with barrett's oesophagus, enteritis and inflammatory bowel disease. despite having invasive potential in intestinal epithelial cells in-vitro, bacteraemic cases with c. concisus are extremely scarce, having only been reported once. therefore, we conducted a serum resistance assay to investigate the bactericidal effects of human complement on c. concisus in comparison to some other campylobacter ...201525627875
mycotic popliteal aneurysm rupture secondary to campylobacter fetus.mycotic aneurysms of the popliteal artery are uncommon. popliteal aneurysms rarely rupture. the authors present the second reported case of popliteal artery rupture as a result of campylobacter fetus infection. this report confirms the arterial destructive potential of c. fetus infection in a peripheral artery.201524930978
[mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta caused by campylobacter fetus]. 201524094929
temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal-pat prevalence of campylobacter fetus in sheep and cattle.the faecal-pat prevalence (as estimated by culture) of campylobacter fetus from cattle and sheep on 19 farms in rural lancashire was investigated using standard campylobacter culture techniques and pcr during a 2-year longitudinal study. c. fetus was isolated from 9·48% [95% confidence interval (ci) 8·48-10·48] of cattle faecal pats and 7·29% (95% ci 6·21-9·62) of sheep faecal pats. there was evidence of significant differences in shedding prevalence between geographical regions; cows in geograp ...201424067441
campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov., isolated from humans and reptiles.a polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of 13 campylobacter fetus-like strains from humans (n = 8) and reptiles (n = 5). the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms and genomic data from sap analysis, 16s rrna gene and hsp60 sequence comparison, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, dna-dna hybridization and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that these strains are closely re ...201424899653
campylobacter fetus bacteremia with purulent pleurisy in a young adult with primary hypogammaglobulinemia.a 24-year-old man presented with fever and pleural effusion predominantly containing lymphocytes. cultures of the pleural effusion and blood revealed campylobacter fetus, and laboratory studies showed a low serum level of immunoglobulin. the patient was diagnosed with c. fetus pleuritis, bacteremia and primary hypogammaglobulinemia, and subsequent treatment with meropenem and immunoglobulin improved his condition. although the underlying cause of the primary hypogammaglobulinemia remains unclear ...201424881753
campylobacter fetus infections.campylobacter fetus infections usually occur in immunodepressed patients or patients presenting with diabetes mellitus or cancer. they rarely cause diarrhea but frequently cause bacteremia or vascular diseases. the therapeutic management is not well codified and fluoroquinolone resistance is continuously increasing.201424637053
pregnancy rates of beef cattle are not affected by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis real-time pcr-positive breeding sires in new zealand.campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (c. fetus venerealis) is the causal agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a venereal disease that is asymptomatic in bulls but responsible for reproductive wastage in female cattle. in new zealand, a commercial real-time pcr assay was introduced in 2007 to identify the dna of this pathogen in preputial scrapings; however, concerns were raised about the specificity of the test following anecdotal reports of a high number of test-positive bulls with ...201424580097
campylobacter fetus infections in humans: exposure and disease.campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections. infections mainly affect persons at higher risk, including elderly and immunocompromised individuals and those with occupational exposure to infected animals. outbreaks are infrequent but have provided insight into sources. source attribution of sporadic cases through case-control interviews has not been reported. the reservoirs for c. fetus are mainly cattle and sheep. products from these animals are ...201424550377
characterization of a campylobacter fetus-like strain isolated from the faeces of a sick leopard tortoise (stigmochelys pardalis) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight as an alternative to bacterial 16s rdna phylogeny.this article describes the isolation and characterization of a campylobacter-like isolate originating from the faeces of a sick leopard tortoise. molecular as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) characterization suggests that it could correspond to a new campylobacter species.201424313345
a perspective on the impact of reproductive technologies on food production in africa.africa for the largest part is still regarded as part of the developing world and has a history of political instability, natural disasters, floods and droughts that all had an effect on the development of livestock production systems and the potential application of biotechnologies. it is expected that the human population in sub saharan africa will experience a growth of 1.2 % per year over the next 30 years. there is therefore pressure to increase sustainable productivity of livestock. reprod ...201424170361
inconsistency of phenotypic and genomic characteristics of campylobacter fetus subspecies requires reevaluation of current diagnostics.classifications of the campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and venerealis were first described in 1959 and were based on the source of isolation (intestinal versus genital) and the ability of the strains to proliferate in the genital tract of cows. two phenotypic assays (1% glycine tolerance and h2s production) were described to differentiate the subspecies. multiple molecular assays have been applied to differentiate the c. fetus subspecies, but none of these tests is consistent with the pheno ...201425232170
campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis adhesion to mdbk cells. 201425444136
clinical sensitivity and specificity of a real-time pcr assay for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis in preputial samples from bulls.to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) assay for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis (cfv) in preputial samples of bulls.201425157889
mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review.campylobacter spp. usually cause gastrointestinal infections, but among them, campylobacter fetus is a well-known organism causing mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (maaa), which requires proper surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy. we report a 65-year-old man who was successfully treated by an in situ operation using a rifampicin (rfp)-bonded j-graft for c. fetus-induced maaa. we performed a review of the english literature on maaa caused by c. fetus and summarized the results of the ca ...201425017776
conserved evolutionary units in the heme-copper oxidase superfamily revealed by novel homologous protein families.the heme-copper oxidase (hco) superfamily includes hcos in aerobic respiratory chains and nitric oxide reductases (nors) in the denitrification pathway. the hco/nor catalytic subunit has a core structure consisting of 12 transmembrane helices (tmhs) arranged in three-fold rotational pseudosymmetry, with six conserved histidines for heme and metal binding. using sensitive sequence similarity searches, we detected a number of novel hco/nor homologs and named them hco homology (hcoh) proteins. seve ...201424931479
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