Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| generation of a bactrian camel hepatitis e virus by a reverse genetics system. | bactrian camel hepatitis e virus (hev) is a novel hev belonging to genotype 8 (hev-8) in the orthohepevirus a species of the genus hepevirus in the family hepeviridae. hev-8 cross-transmits to cynomolgus monkeys and has a potential risk for zoonotic infection. until now, neither a cell-culture system to grow the virus nor a reverse genetics system to generate the virus has been developed. to generate replication-competent hev-8 and to establish a cell-culture system, we synthesized capped genomi ... | 2021 | 34242156 |
| identification and a full genome analysis of novel camel hepatitis e virus strains obtained from bactrian camels in mongolia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infects humans and a wide variety of other mammalian hosts. recently, hev strains belonging to genotype 8 (g8) within the orthohepevirus a species of the hepeviridae family, were identified in bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) in china. the bactrian camel (also known as the mongolian camel) is native to the steppes of central asia. however, the hev strains of mongolian camels have not been examined. among 200 serum samples from domestic bactrian camels raised on 6 farm ... | 2021 | 33662492 |
| markers of viral hepatitis e (hepeviridae, orthohepevirus, orthohepevirus a) in the imported old world monkeys. | viral hepatitis e is a zooanthroponotic disease that occurs in humans and various animals, including monkeys. it is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) (hepeviridae, orthohepevirus: orthohepevirus a), for which 8 genotypes have been described to date. among them, strains of genotypes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, strains of genotypes 3 and 4 from humans and animals, and strains of genotypes 5-8 from animals only. the main threat of the disease is associated with the documented zoonotic t ... | 2021 | 34251155 |
| a putative novel hepatitis e virus genotype 3 subtype identified in rabbit, germany 2016. | hepatitis e is an emerging viral disease that is the leading cause of viral hepatitis in the world. the vast majority of hepatitis e cases in developed countries are caused by zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 of hepatitis e virus (hev) for which pig and wild boar and to lesser extent rabbits are the main reservoir. according to recent reports rabbits are a source of human hev infection and highlight the risk of zoonotic foodborne transmission. here we report the molecular analysis of a novel hev strai ... | 2021 | 34205182 |
| swine hepatitis e virus: cross-species infection, pork safety and chronic infection. | swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) belongs to the species orthohepevirus a within the genus orthohepevirus in the family hepeviridae. four different genotypes of swine hev within the species orthohepevirus a have been identified so far from domesticated and wild swine population: genotypes 3 (hev-3) and 4 (hev-4) swine hevs are zoonotic and infect humans, whereas hev-5 and hev-6 are only identified from swine. as a zoonotic agent, swine hev is an emerging public health concern in many industria ... | 2020 | 32333941 |
| spatial-temporal dynamics of hepatitis e virus infection in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in federal state of brandenburg, germany, 1993-2012. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main course for acute hepatitis in humans throughout the world. human associated genotypes 1 and 2 as well as zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 are grouped in the species orthohepevirus a. in addition, a large variety of hev-related viruses has been found in vertebrates including carnivores, rats, bats, and chickens, which were classified in species orthohepevirus b-d. in 2015, partial genome sequences of a novel hepevirus were detected in feces of red foxes (vulpes vulpe ... | 2020 | 32082295 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in rats caught in pig farms from northern italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) strains belonging to the orthohepevirus genus are divided into four species (a-d). hev strains included in the orthohepevirus a species infect humans and several other mammals. among them, the hev-3 and hev-4 genotypes are zoonotic and infect both humans and animals, of which, pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs. viruses belonging to the orthohepevirus c species (hev-c) have been considered to infect rats of different species and carnivores. recently, two studies r ... | 2020 | 31592576 |
| complete genome analysis of avian hepatitis e virus from chicken with hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome. | since 2016, severe outbreaks of hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome (hrhs) associated with infections of tentative novel avian hepatitis e virus (hev) have emerged in chickens in china, causing increased mortality and decreased laying rate in adult hens and disturbing the hatching and breeding of chicks. to further identify the genotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the avian hev responsible for that, a strain from hebei province was isolated, purified and sequence ... | 2020 | 32122587 |
| evidence for an unknown agent antigenically related to the hepatitis e virus in dairy cows in the united states. | genotypes 3 and 4 hepatitis e virus (hev) strains within the species orthohepevirus a in the family hepeviridae are zoonotic. recently, a genotype 4 hev was reportedly detected in fecal samples of cows, although independent confirmation is lacking. in this study, we first tested serum samples from 983 cows in different regions in the united states for the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hev and found that 20.4% of cows were seropositive. the highest seroprevalence rate (68.4%) was from a ... | 2019 | 30318625 |
| first detection of hepatitis e virus (orthohepevirus c) in wild brown rats (rattus norvegicus) from great britain. | in the united kingdom, there has been an increase in the number of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in people annually since 2010. most of these are thought to be indigenously acquired orthohepevirus a genotype 3 (hev g3), which has been linked to pork production and consumption. however, the dominant subgroup circulating in british pigs differs from that which is found in people; therefore, an alternative, potentially zoonotic, source is suspected as a possible cause of these infections. rode ... | 2019 | 31033238 |
| genetic diversity of hepatitis e virus (hev) strains derived from humans, swine and wild boars in croatia from 2010 to 2017. | to fulfill epidemiological data and investigate possible interspecies transmission, this study shall attempt to sequence representative hev strains of human, swine and wild boar origin collected from 2010 to 2017 in croatia. | 2019 | 30890143 |
| first evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in a small mammal (yellow-necked mouse) from croatia. | since the role of wild rodents/small mammals in hepatitis e virus (hev) epidemiology has been a subject of considerable debate, this study was conducted to investigate the potential presence of hev rna in small rodents collected within their natural habitats and to detect if they can be potential reservoirs of the virus. a total of 483 small rodents were captured using snap traps placed at 11 regions in croatia. sampling was undertaken in 2008 and repeated from 2010 to 2014. liver samples were t ... | 2019 | 31751424 |
| past, present and future of hepatitis e virus infection: zoonotic perspectives. | the origin of hepatitis e virus (hev) is not fully understood, but it is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen. to date, hev has been isolated from many animal species. the family hepeviridae consists of two genera. the genus orthohepevirus includes four distinct species (a, b, c, and d), each with distinct genotypes. within the orthohepevirus a species, hev-1 and hev-2 host ranges are restricted to humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 primarily infect a wide range of diverse animal species, in ... | 2018 | 29621564 |
| detection and characterization of three zoonotic viruses in wild rodents and shrews from shenzhen city, china. | diverse species of rodents and shrews, which are abundant worldwide, harbor a variety of viruses; some of these are closely related to human viruses and possess zoonotic potential. previously studies have demonstrated that the mammarenavirus and hantavirus carried by rodents or shrews could cause diseases in human population. to determine the distribution of zoonotic viruses in shenzhen city, the major city in southern china with a high population density, we analyzed 225 rodents (rattus norvegi ... | 2017 | 28721632 |
| evidence of infection with leptospira interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae among rodents in an urban area of osaka city, japan. | we examined 33 rodents captured in an urban area of osaka city, japan for igg antibodies against seoul virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, hepatitis e virus, leptospira interrogans, yersinia pestis, spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus group rickettsiae. we found that 3 (9.1%) and 1 (3.0%) of the 33 rodents had antibodies against l. interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae, respectively. dnas of leptospires were detected from 2 of the 3 seropositive rodents, but dn ... | 2017 | 28529271 |
| detection of diverse viruses in alimentary specimens of bats in macau. | bats carry a variety of viruses, and some of them cause public health problems. macau, which is famous for its gambling industry, has a complex population structure. the globalization in such an international metropolis has enhanced the chance of disease transmission. therefore, surveillance of zoonotic viruses is necessary for the early warning of potential emerging infectious diseases. here, we report the first surveillance of bat viruses in macau. in this study, we collected 1004 samples invo ... | 2017 | 28589292 |
| a screen for novel hepatitis c virus rdrp inhibitor identifies a broad-spectrum antiviral compound. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a global pathogen and infects more than 185 million individuals worldwide. although recent development of direct acting antivirals (daa) has shown promise in hcv therapy, there is an urgent need for the development of more affordable treatment options. we initiated this study to identify novel inhibitors of hcv through screening of compounds from the national cancer institute (nci) diversity dataset. using cell-based assays, we identified nsc-320218 as a potent inhibit ... | 2017 | 28725041 |
| travel-related acquisition of diarrhoeagenic bacteria, enteral viruses and parasites in a prospective cohort of 98 dutch travellers. | limited prospective data are available on the acquisition of viral, bacterial and parasitic diarrhoeagenic agents by healthy individuals during travel. | 2017 | 28842214 |
| decreased egg production in laying hens associated with infection with genotype 3 avian hepatitis e virus strain from china. | to determine the relationship between decreased egg production and avian hev infection, thirty healthy 23-week-old hy-line variety brown layer hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 hens per group. next, a genotype 3 avian hev strain from china was used to inoculate laying hens via oronasal or intravenous routes using a 50% chicken infectious dose of 500. all hens were necropsied at 14 weeks postinoculation (wpi). fecal virus shedding, viremia, seroconversion, serum alanine aminotransf ... | 2017 | 28619140 |
| evaluation of recombinant chinese avian hepatitis e virus (cahev) orf2 and orf3 proteins for protection of chickens against cahev infection. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the etiologic agent of big liver and spleen disease in chickens. in 2010, the chinese avian hev (cahev) strain was isolated from chickens and demonstrated to cause the decreased egg production in layer hens. no avian hev commercial vaccine has yet been developed to prevent virus infection in china. in this study, recombinant cahev truncated orf2 and complete orf3 proteins were evaluated separately for immunoprotection of chickens against cahev infection. first, t ... | 2017 | 28528763 |
| interferon-alpha treatment rapidly clears hepatitis e virus infection in humanized mice. | antiviral treatment options for chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are limited and immunological determinants of viral persistence remain largely unexplored. we studied the antiviral potency of pegylated interferon-α (pegifnα) against hev infections in humanized mice and modelled intrahepatic interferon stimulated gene (isg) responses. human gene expression levels in humanized mouse livers were analyzed by qpcr and nanostring. human cxcl10 was measured in mouse serum. hev genotype 3 (gt3 ... | 2017 | 28811492 |
| hepatitis e virus induced acute liver failure with scrub typhus coinfection in a pregnant woman. | coinfections contribute significantly to diagnostic challenges of acute febrile illnesses, especially in endemic areas. the confusion caused by overlapping clinical features impedes timely management. herein, we report an unusual, previously unreported case of a pregnant woman suffering from a coinfection of scrub typhus and hepatitis e virus. a 25-year-old, 31-week pregnant woman presented with jaundice for 5 days and altered sensorium for 2 days. she had features of both viral acute liver fail ... | 2017 | 28663682 |
| [personalized treatment of viral hepatitis of the present and the future : hepatitis b, c, delta, and e]. | precision medicine is also possible for infectious diseases as shown for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, especially if different options are available. in hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, treatment indication as well as the choice of treatment and the decisions to stop treatment are based on viral markers and alanine aminotransferase (alt) level. future therapies for hbv infection aiming for functional cure or even virus elimination may be even more personalized and have to take into ... | 2017 | 28631044 |
| [a sero-epidemiological study of hepatitis e among general population in shandong province of china in 2014]. | objective: to analyze the sero-epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) in shandong province, and thereby to provide evidence for the policy-making of hepatitis e prevention and control. methods: the inhabitants aged between 1-59 years old were randomly selected to participate in the study by two-stage stratified random sampling method from 12 counties in shandong province in october, 2014. firstly two townships were selected from each county by probability proportional to size ... | 2017 | 28693081 |
| porcine blood used as ingredient in meat productions may serve as a vehicle for hepatitis e virus transmission. | the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of porcine blood(products) in food could be a risk for a hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. hev rna was detected in 33/36 batches of (non-heated) liquid products and in 7/24 spray dried powder products. contamination levels varied among the products, but were highest in liquid whole blood, plasma and fibrinogen reaching levels of 2.2×10(2) to 2.8×10(2) hev genome copies per 0.2g. sequence analyses revealed genotype 3 strains, of whi ... | 2017 | 28692890 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in hiv-infected patients in china. | : the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in hiv-infected patients in china has never been reported. thus, anti-hev in hiv-infected patients recruited in five provinces in china was tested. the seroprevalence of hev was 39.7%, which was higher than that in the general population (23.5%). hev infection might be a frequent cause of hepatitis in hiv-infected patients. | 2017 | 28692547 |
| hepatitis e virus antibodies in hiv-infected patients and blood donors from western poland - a preliminary report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emerging problem in industrialized countries, including europe. a few data exist on hev seroprevalence in poland. | 2017 | 28691422 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence rate among eastern mediterranean and middle eastern countries; a systematic review and pooled analysis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) as a hepatotropic virus is one of the major global health concerns. autochthonous hev transmitted by oral fecal-route in poor sanitation conditions as well as vertical and rarely blood transfusion. hev occurrence is more common in developing countries and recently increased in developed countries too. middle east (me) and eastern mediterranean region (emr) of who have been an endemic region for hev infection. in this regard, we aimed to design a systematic review and pool ... | 2017 | 28688980 |
| the hepatitis e virus nonstructural polyprotein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a globally important pathogen of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. the hev orf1 gene encodes a nonstructural polyprotein, essential for rna replication and virus infectivity. expression and processing of orf1 polyprotein are shown in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, however, its proteolysis into individual proteins is still debated. while molecular or biochemical characterization of methyltransferase, protease, hypervariable region, helicase and rna polymerase ... | 2017 | 28686042 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in europe: surveillance and descriptive epidemiology of confirmed cases, 2005 to 2015. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an under-recognised cause of acute hepatitis in high-income countries. the purpose of this study was to provide an overview of testing, diagnosis, surveillance activities, and data on confirmed cases in the european union/european economic area (eu/eea). a semi-structured survey was developed and sent to 31 eu/eea countries in february 2016, 30 responded. twenty of these countries reported that they have specific surveillance systems for hev infection. applied specific ... | 2017 | 28681720 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs and jaundice among pig handlers in bangladesh. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in humans. pigs may act as a reservoir of hev, and pig handlers were frequently identified with a higher prevalence of antibodies to hev. the objectives of this study were to identify evidence of hev infection in pigs and compare the history of jaundice between pig handlers and people not exposed to pigs and pork. blood and faecal samples were collected from 100 pigs derived from three slaughterhouses in the gazipur district of ... | 2017 | 28670851 |
| risk factors, person, place and time characteristics associated with hepatitis e virus outbreak in napak district, uganda. | hepatitis e is self-limiting, but can cause death in most at risk groups like pregnant women and those with preexisting acute liver disease. in developing countries it presents as epidemic, in 2014 hepatitis e virus (hev) outbreak was reported in napak district uganda. the role of factors in this setting that might have propagated this hev epidemic, including host, agent, and environmental characteristics, were still not clear. this study was therefore conducted to investigate the risk factors, ... | 2017 | 28651629 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis e virus infection among pregnant women in addis ababa, ethiopia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is highly endemic in several african countries with high mortality rate among pregnant women. the prevalence of antibodies to hev in ethiopian pregnant women is not known. the study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of anti-hev igg and anti-hev igm among pregnant women. | 2017 | 28650982 |
| hepatitis e virus and neurological disorders. | hepatitis e is the most common cause of hepatitis worldwide. while originally considered a disease of developing countries, it is increasingly recognised in developed countries, probably related to contaminated pork meat, and where infection is often asymptomatic. however, several non-liver manifestations have become apparent, the most important of which are neurological, including guillain-barré syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (aidp)), neuralgic amyotrophy and ... | 2017 | 28647707 |
| a metagenomic assessment of viral contamination on fresh parsley plants irrigated with fecally tainted river water. | microbial food-borne diseases are still frequently reported despite the implementation of microbial quality legislation to improve food safety. among all the microbial agents, viruses are the most important causative agents of food-borne outbreaks. the development and application of a new generation of sequencing techniques to test for viral contaminants in fresh produce is an unexplored field that allows for the study of the viral populations that might be transmitted by the fecal-oral route th ... | 2017 | 28646670 |
| pig model mimicking chronic hepatitis e virus infection in immunocompromised patients to assess immune correlates during chronicity. | chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients, although the mechanism remains unknown because of the lack of an animal model. we successfully developed a pig model of chronic hev infection and examined immune correlates leading to chronicity. the conditions of immunocompromised patients were mimicked by treating pigs with an immunosuppressive regimen including cyclosporine, azathioprine, and predni ... | 2017 | 28630341 |
| rabbit hepatitis e virus infections in humans, france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in rabbits, but whether rabbit hev strains can be transmitted to humans is not known. of 919 hev-infected patients in france during 2015-2016, five were infected with a rabbit hev strain. none of the patients had direct contact with rabbits, suggesting foodborne or waterborne infections. | 2017 | 28628452 |
| development of a one step reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification system for a highly sensitive detection of rabbit hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. rabbit is one of important animal reservoirs of the virus. reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) system is a novel nucleic acid amplification assay, for which the specificity and sensitivity are much higher than that of conventional pcr. however, previously reported rt-lamp system cannot detect rabbit hev, which was identified recently and seems to be another potentia ... | 2017 | 28627822 |
| hepatitis e virus: a potential threat for patients with liver disease and liver transplantation. | immunocompromised patients are at risk of acquiring acute hepatitis e virus infection (hev), leading to chronicity. chronic hev infection is associated with persistent viraemia, raised transaminase activity, histological features associated with chronic hepatitis and evidence of rapid development of cirrhosis. extrahepatic manifestations have been associated with hev. most frequently reported are neurological disorders with predominantly involvement of the peripheral nervous system. in patients ... | 2017 | 28624102 |
| prevalence and genetic features of rabbit hepatitis e virus in korea. | hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) is a public health concern worldwide. hev strains have been isolated from several animal species, some of which induce zoonosis. recently, the isolation of hev from rabbits was reported. here, the partial capsid gene (320 bp) of hev was detected in rabbit feces via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rabbit hev was found in two of six rabbit farms and 17 of 264 rabbit fecal samples (6.4%). a phylogenetic analysis of the partial ca ... | 2017 | 28617964 |
| low prevalence of igg antibodies against antigens of hev genotypes 1 and 3 in women with a high-risk pregnancy. | the aim of the study was to assess whether high-risk pregnant women have a higher prevalence of hev during the perinatal period. this was a cross-sectional study of 428 patients: group 1, 127 women with a high-risk pregnancy; group 2, 97 asymptomatic people with reactivity to hcv or hbv; group 3, 94 patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of hev infection; and group 4, 110 healthy blood donors from an urban area of mexico city. elisa was used to measure antibody to hev genotypes 1 and 3. the ... | 2017 | 28617960 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in sao paulo, southeastern brazil: analysis of a group of blood donors representative of the general population. | brazil is a non-endemic country for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection with seroprevalence from 1% to 4% in blood donors and the general population. however, data on seroprevalence of hev in the country are still limited. this study evaluated the prevalence of past or present hev infection in a group of blood donors representative of the general population of the city of sao paulo, southeastern brazil. serum samples from 500 blood donors were tested from july to september 2014 by serological and ... | 2017 | 28606414 |
| cytokine signatures discriminate highly frequent acute hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus coinfections from monoinfections in mexican pediatric patients. | the frequency of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus infections and their cytokine profiles were analyzed in mexican pediatric patients with acute hepatitis. a high frequency of coinfections was found. significant overexpression of interleukin (il)-4, il-12, il-13 and interferon-gamma during hepatitis a virus monoinfections and limited secretion of cytokines in hepatitis e virus infections were observed. | 2017 | 28604562 |
| n-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride: an immune-enhancing adjuvant for hepatitis e virus recombinant polypeptide vaccine in mice. | adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine potency by improving the humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens. this study was performed to evaluate the immuno-enhancing characteristic of n-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (htcc), the cationically modified chitosan, as an adjuvant for hepatitis e virus (hev) recombinant polypeptide vaccine. animal experiments showed that htcc provides adjuvant activity when co-administered with hev recombinant pol ... | 2017 | 28604244 |
| uk pigs at the time of slaughter: investigation into the correlation of infection with prrsv and hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and are both globally prevalent in the pig population. while hev does not cause clinical disease in pigs, its zoonotic potential has raised concerns in the food safety sector. prrs has become endemic in the united kingdom (uk) since its introduction in 1991, and continues to cause considerable economic losses to the swine industry. a better understanding of the current prevalence and diversity of prrsv and he ... | 2017 | 28598352 |
| hepatitis e in southern vietnam: seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs. | viral pathogens account for a significant proportion of the burden of emerging infectious diseases in humans. the wellcome trust-vietnamese initiative on zoonotic infections (wt-vizions) is aiming to understand the circulation of viral zoonotic pathogens in animals that pose a potential risk to human health. evidence suggests that human exposure and infections with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes (gt) 3 and 4 results from zoonotic transmission. hypothesising that hev gt3 and gt4 are circulatin ... | 2017 | 28598034 |
| orf3 as a sensitive and specific diagnostic index for hepatitis e. | we explored the significance of the expression of hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 3 (orf3) in hepatitis e rat models. we also investigated its diagnostic value. forty sprague-dawley (sd) rats were infected with hev and 10 uninfected rats were selected for the control group. rats were sacrificed at 14, 21, 35 and 70 days after infection. they were divided into 4 groups: model group 1, model group 2, model group 3 and model group 4. orf3 protein expression level in liver tissue, level o ... | 2017 | 28587339 |
| full genome analysis of swine genotype 3 hepatitis e virus isolated from eastern china. | hepatitis e is believed to occur in both endemic and sporadic forms in developing countries, which causes a major public health problem in asia and africa (meng, 2010; wang et al., 2016a). recent studies have documented that the disease is also endemic in many industrialized countries (wenzel et al., 2011). the causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), belonging to the genus orthohepevirus, is a non-enveloped rna virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense genome of approximately 7.2 kb (smith ... | 2017 | 28585432 |
| correction for ding et al., hepatitis e virus orf3 is a functional ion channel required for release of infectious particles. | 2017 | 28584124 | |
| hepatitis e viral infection in solid organ transplant patients. | the purpose of this chapter is to review the literature published in the past 10 years with focus to the best literatures published since 2015 regarding chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in patients who received solid organ transplantation. | 2017 | 28582320 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis e virus infection among the korean, manchu, mongol, and han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a serious public health concern in developing countries. china is regarded as an hev-endemic area, but epidemiological data for hev among different nationalities is limited. this study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of hev infection in koreans (n = 520), manchus (n = 303), mongols (n = 217), and hans (n = 802) in eastern and northeastern china between 2013 and 2015. a total of 366 (19.87%) out of 1842 samples were seropositive f ... | 2017 | 28577316 |
| hepatitis e virus igg seroprevalence in hiv patients and blood donors, west-central poland. | to assess hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalence in hiv patients and blood donors from one region in poland. | 2017 | 28576599 |
| risk factors for vertical transmission of hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can be vertically transmitted, but the factors that transmit the disease to foetuses are still unclear. we studied a total of 144 pregnant women with hev infection. cord blood and newborn samples were taken for analysis. nutritional factors were evaluated on the basis of anthropometric parameters and biochemical factors, and hev viral load was quantified by real-time pcr. sequencing of hev-positive samples was performed. approximately 14.63% (6/41) of pregnant p ... | 2017 | 28570034 |
| from the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food in developed countries and for which domestic pigs are recognised as the main reservoir. it therefore appears important to understand the features and drivers of hev infection dynamics on pig farms in order to implement hev surveillance programmes and to assess and manage public health risks. the authors have reviewed the international scientific literature on the epidemiolog ... | 2017 | 28545558 |
| detection of viral hepatitis e in clinical liver biopsies. | to determine the relative utility of in-situ testing for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and paraffin-section polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to diagnose hev infection in paraffin-embedded clinical liver biopsies, and to correlate with clinicopathological characteristics. | 2017 | 28543644 |
| uk pigs at the time of slaughter: investigation into the correlation of infection with prrsv and hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and are both globally prevalent in the pig population. while hev does not cause clinical disease in pigs, its zoonotic potential has raised concerns in the food safety sector. prrs has become endemic in the united kingdom (uk) since its introduction in 1991, and continues to cause considerable economic losses to the swine industry. a better understanding of the current prevalence and diversity of prrsv and he ... | 2017 | 28538705 |
| hepatitis e virus serology and pcr: does the methodology matter? | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is an emerging pathogen in the developed world. as the clinical manifestations and routine laboratory parameters are often nonspecific, accurate diagnostic tests are crucial. in the current study, the performance of six serological assays and three pcr assays for the detection of hev was evaluated. in the setting of the ghent university hospital, patients with clinically suspected hev infection were tested for the presence of hev igm and igg as well as hev rna. ... | 2017 | 28523520 |
| identification of a novel hepatitis e virus genotype 3 strain isolated from a chronic hepatitis e virus infection in a kidney transplant recipient in switzerland. | hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3) is the causal pathogen of chronic hepatitis e. we report here the full-length genome sequence of an hev-3 strain, isolated from a kidney transplant recipient in switzerland (sw/16-0282). this hev-3 strain showed less than 88% homology compared to known strains, suggesting a new hev-3 strain. | 2017 | 28522709 |
| first evidence of the hepatitis e virus in environmental waters in colombia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis of enteric transmission. hev has been detected in environmental samples in several countries from europe and asia, constituting a risk factor for waterborne infection. in colombia, hev has been identified in samples obtained from patients as well as from swine, but no environmental studies have been carried out. to determine if hev is present in environmental waters, samples from the main source of drinking water plant an ... | 2017 | 28520759 |
| hepatitis e virus and the liver: clinical settings and liver pathology. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide, now increasingly recognized also in nonendemic regions. clinical manifestation of hepatitis e includes mostly asymptomatic/subclinical presentations or acute, self-limiting hepatitis, but also potentially fatal liver failure or chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals. accordingly, hepatitis e histolpathologic patterns range from an unremarkable histology over acute (cholestatic) hepatitis with vari ... | 2017 | 28506371 |
| molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus strains circulating in wild boars in south-central italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution, and infects several mammalian species, including pigs and wild boars, which are recognized as its natural reservoirs. the virus causes a usually self-limiting liver disease with a mortality rate generally below 1%, although mortality rates of 15%-25% have been recorded in pregnant woman. chronic infections can also occur. the prevalence of hev has been extensively studied in wild boars and pigs in northern italy, where ... | 2017 | 28497542 |
| in house elisa based on recombinant orf2 protein underline high prevalence of igg anti-hepatitis e virus amongst blood donors in south brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen responsible for causing acute hepatitis in human, especially in developing countries. diagnosis of hev usually relies on the detection of antibodies mostly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the present study, we designed a new indirect elisa (ielisa) based on a short recombinant peptide derived from the capsid protein (orf2p) and demonstrated its potential for detecting human igg against hev genotype 3. the best polystyrene plate (max ... | 2017 | 28486512 |
| characterization of the lipid envelope of exosome encapsulated hev particles protected from the immune response. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. although hev is a small, naked rna virus, hev particles become associated with lipids in the blood of infected patients and in the supernatant of culture systems. the egress of these particles from cells implies the exocytosis pathway but the question of the role of the resulting hev rna containing exosomes and the nature of the lipids they contain has not been fully addressed. we determined the lipid proportions ... | 2017 | 28483690 |
| development of an oral fluid immunoassay to assess past and recent hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among pregnant women. in clinical settings blood-based testing protocols are commonly used to diagnose hev infection, but in community settings such invasive sampling can hinder study participation and limit discovery of the ecology and natural history of hev infection. oral fluid is a non-invasive biospecimen that can harbor pathogen-specific antibodies and has the potential to replace blood-bas ... | 2017 | 28478117 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis e virus infections among people and pigs in tibet, china. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is an important public health problem throughout the world. there is little information available on the autochthonous hev infection in highland inhabitants (tibet, average elevation >3000m) of china. therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis e and association of different risk factors in local people and pigs in tibet, china. for this purpose, serum samples were collected from 600 l ... | 2017 | 28472617 |
| potential approaches to assess the infectivity of hepatitis e virus in pork products: a review. | the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is an emerging issue. hev appears common in pigs (although infected pigs do not show clinical signs), and evidence suggests that a number of hepatitis e cases have been associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat and products. little information is available on whether cooking can eliminate hev, since there is currently no robust method for measuring its infectivity. hev infectivity can be clearly demon ... | 2017 | 28470455 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in goats. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide, primarily transmitted by fecal-oral route. zoonotic transmission of hev from hev-infected pigs (pork) or cows (milk) to human or non-human primate has been confirmed, but the risk of hev in goat is still rarely assessed. in the present study, stool, blood, tissues, and milk of goat were collected for hev infection investigation from dali city of yunnan province in china, where raw mutton and goat milk are traditionally consum ... | 2017 | 28464334 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus among blood donors in qatar (2013-2016). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an rna virus transmitted mainly through zoonotic transmission or fecal-oral route. more than 80% of qatar's population are expatriates, including many coming from hyperendemic countries; thus, it is important to estimate the seroprevalence and to compare between different nationalities. the results can be useful in alerting blood banks to the importance of hev screening. | 2017 | 28453178 |
| hepatitis e and blood donation safety in selected european countries: a shift to screening? | the public health implications of hepatitis e virus (hev) in europe have changed due to increasing numbers of hepatitis e cases and recent reports of chronic, persistent hev infections associated with progression to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. the main infectious risk for such immunosuppressed patients is exposure to undercooked infected pork products and blood transfusion. we summarised the epidemiology of hev infections among blood donors and also outlined any strategies to prevent ... | 2017 | 28449730 |
| seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus infection in swine and occupationally exposed workers in punjab, india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has two discrete epidemiological patterns: waterborne epidemics in developing countries only, caused by hev genotype i, and sporadic zoonotic outbreaks in developing and developed countries caused by genotypes iii and iv. this study was designed to investigate seroprevalence, molecular detection and the characterization of hev by nested rt-pcr in swine as well as the occupational risk to exposed human population in punjab state of north-western india. the occupational ris ... | 2017 | 28449278 |
| review article: hepatitis e-a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of acute icteric hepatitis and acute liver failure in the developing world. during the last decade, there has been increasing recognition of autochthonous (locally acquired) hev infection in developed countries. chronic hev infection is now recognised, and in transplant recipients this may lead to cirrhosis and organ failure. | 2017 | 28449246 |
| health economic evaluation of immunization strategies of hepatitis e vaccine for elderly population. | objective this study was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis e vaccination of elderly population in the sporadic regions in china. methods we used a decision tree-markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 3 kinds of hepatitis e virus vaccination strategies from societal perspectives. parameter estimates were obtained from published researches and experts' opinion. the time horizon was 16 years, and the discounted rate was 3% annually. costs are expressed in 2016 us d ... | 2017 | 28448739 |
| meat consumption is a major risk factor for hepatitis e virus infection. | the incidence of autochthonous hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev gt3) infections in western europe is high. although pigs are a major reservoir of the virus, the exact sources and transmission route(s) of hev gt3 to humans remain unclear. | 2017 | 28448527 |
| detection of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus based on hev genotype 3 orf2 capsid protein expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes epidemics in developing countries and is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. there have been recent reports on the zoonotic spread of the virus, and several animal species, primarily pigs, have been recognized as reservoirs of hev. because of its possible spread, there is an urgent need of a method for the cost-effective production of hev proteins that can be used as diagnostic antigens for the serological detection of anti-hev antibodies. | 2017 | 28445010 |
| parsonage-turner syndrome due to autochthonous acute genotype 3f hepatitis e virus infection in a nonimmunocompromised 55-year-old patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emerging autochthonous disease in industrialized countries. extra-hepatic manifestations, in particular neurologic manifestations, have been reported in hev infection. only a few cases of hepatitis e-associated parsonage-turner syndrome have been reported, and hev genotypes were rarely determined. here, we report the case of a parsonage-turner syndrome associated with an acute autochthonous hev infection in a 55-year-old immunocompetent patient. hev genomi ... | 2017 | 28439773 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in dromedary camels in ethiopia. | the genome of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev) has been detected in stool and serum samples from dromedary camels, but the sero-epidemiological information of dchev infection remains unclear. a total of 246 serum samples collected from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in ethiopia, and 40 serum samples from bactrian camels (camelus ferus) in mongolia were examined for the detection of anti-dchev igg antibody by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) by using dc ... | 2017 | 28438608 |
| phage-displayed peptides that mimic epitopes of hepatitis e virus capsid. | hepatitis e is an emerging zoonotic infection of increasing public health threat for the uk, especially for immunosuppressed individuals. a human recombinant vaccine has been licensed only in china and is not clear whether it protects against hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3, the most prevalent in europe. the aim of this study was to use phage display technology as a tool to identify peptides that mimic epitopes of hev capsid (mimotopes). we identified putative linear and conformational mimoto ... | 2017 | 28434129 |
| hepatitis e virus genotypes and evolution: emergence of camel hepatitis e variants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally. zoonotic hev is an important cause of chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. the rapid identification of novel hev variants and accumulating sequence information has prompted significant changes in taxonomy of the family hepeviridae. this family includes two genera: orthohepevirus, which infects terrestrial vertebrates, and piscihepevirus, which infects fish. within orthohepevirus, there are four species, a-d, with w ... | 2017 | 28425927 |
| hepatitis e virus genotypes and evolution: emergence of camel hepatitis e variants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally. zoonotic hev is an important cause of chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. the rapid identification of novel hev variants and accumulating sequence information has prompted significant changes in taxonomy of the family hepeviridae. this family includes two genera: orthohepevirus, which infects terrestrial vertebrates, and piscihepevirus, which infects fish. within orthohepevirus, there are four species, a-d, with w ... | 2017 | 28425927 |
| integrating market chain assessments with zoonoses risk analysis in two cross-border pig value chains in lao pdr. | lao pdr's recent accession to the world trade organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. this eco-health study describes the integration of market chain and zoonoses risk analyses at two strategic cross border points between lao pdr, thailand and viet nam. information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was int ... | 2017 | 28423884 |
| visualization of hepatitis e virus rna and proteins in the human liver. | although hepatitis e constitutes a substantial disease burden worldwide, surprisingly little is known about the localization of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the human liver. we therefore aimed to visualize hev rna and proteins in situ. | 2017 | 28412294 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection in a migrant population in north east italy: a retrospective analysis. | to study the epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a migrant population. | 2017 | 28411095 |
| direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis e virus? | 2017 | 28404127 | |
| performance of hepatitis e virus (hev)-antibody tests: a comparative analysis based on samples from individuals with direct contact to domestic pigs or wild boar in germany. | in europe, hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 causes most human infections, and domestic pigs and wild boar represent the main reservoirs. contact to these animals represents one source of human infection. however, interpretation of studies is challenged in the absence of a serological gold standard. hence, this study compared results of different hev immunoassays. plasma samples from 139 individuals who had professional contact to pigs (veterinarians, meat inspectors, slaughterhouse workers; n ... | 2017 | 28397024 |
| hepatitis e in canadian blood donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a virus of emerging importance to transfusion medicine as studies on blood donors and other populations demonstrate that the prevalence of endemic cases is higher than previously recognized and the risk to vulnerable transfusion recipients is not insignificant. | 2017 | 28394029 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in hiv-infected pregnant women and their children in malawi. | 2017 | 28391749 | |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus in western iran. | 2017 | 22729203 | |
| systematic review of mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis e virus infection: association or causation? | background and aim: mixed cryoglobulinemia (mc) has been associated with several viral infections, and chronic hepatitis c is recognized as a major cause. mc associated with hepatitis e virus (hev) has been described and little is known about this rare association. the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of mc associated with hev, and examine the presence of a causal relationship. methods: an experienced librarian conducted a search of databases from each database's inception to ... | 2017 | 28852522 |
| nucleoside analogue 2'-c-methylcytidine inhibits hepatitis e virus replication but antagonizes ribavirin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has emerged as a global health issue, but no approved medication is available. the nucleoside analogue 2'-c-methylcytidine (2cmc), a viral polymerase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit infection with a variety of viruses, including hepatitis c virus (hcv). here, we report that 2cmc significantly inhibits the replication of hev in a subgenomic replication model and in a system using a full-length infectious virus. importantly, long-term treatment with 2cmc did ... | 2017 | 28623406 |
| hepatitis e virus persists in the presence of a type iii interferon response. | the rig-i-like rna helicase (rlr)-mediated interferon (ifn) response plays a pivotal role in the hepatic antiviral immunity. the hepatitis a virus (hav) and the hepatitis c virus (hcv) counter this response by encoding a viral protease that cleaves the mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (mavs), a common signaling adaptor for rlrs. however, a third hepatotropic rna virus, the hepatitis e virus (hev), does not appear to encode a functional protease yet persists in infected cells. we investig ... | 2017 | 28558073 |
| unphosphorylated isgf3 drives constitutive expression of interferon-stimulated genes to protect against viral infections. | interferon (ifn)-stimulated genes (isgs) are antiviral effectors that are induced by ifns through the formation of a tripartite transcription factor isgf3, which is composed of irf9 and phosphorylated forms of stat1 and stat2. however, we found that ifn-independent isg expression was detectable in immortalized cell lines, primary intestinal and liver organoids, and liver tissues. the constitutive expression of isgs was mediated by the unphosphorylated isgf3 (u-isgf3) complex, consisting of irf9 ... | 2017 | 28442624 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus in semen of infertile male and causes testis damage. | 2017 | 28860349 | |
| complete genome sequences of two swiss hepatitis e virus isolates from human stool and raw pork sausage. | we present here the full-length genome sequences of two hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3) isolates from a human stool sample from a patient with acute hepatitis and a raw sausage containing pig liver. sequence analysis implies that swiss hev isolates may form a novel subgroup of hev-3 viruses. | 2017 | 28860248 |
| hepatitis e virus-induced primary cutaneous cd30(+) t cell lymphoproliferative disorder. | several types of unexplained extra-hepatic manifestations, including haematological disorders, have been reported in the context of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. however, the underlying mechanism(s) of these manifestations are unknown. we provide evidence that hev has an extra-hepatic endothelial tropism that can engage cutaneous t cells towards clonality. | 2017 | 28860025 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a promoting factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cameroon: preliminary observations. | to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and to assess its potential consequences for disease progression. | 2017 | 28847760 |
| hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in switzerland. | autochthonous hepatitis e is increasingly recognized as zoonotic infection in western countries. serologic assays have varying sensitivity and specificity. | 2017 | 28834649 |
| hepatitis e virus rna in australian blood donors: prevalence and risk assessment. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a known transfusion-transmissible agent. hev infection has increased in prevalence in many developed nations with rna detection in donors as high as 1 in 600. a high proportion of hev infections are asymptomatic and therefore not interdicted by donor exclusion criteria. to manage the hev transfusion-transmission (tt) risk some developed nations have implemented hev rna screening. in australia, hev is rarely notified; although locally acquired infections have been repor ... | 2017 | 28833229 |
| low hepatitis e virus rna prevalence in a large-scale survey of united states source plasma donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded, rna virus of emerging concern in industrialized countries. hev transmission through transfusion of blood components has been reported, but not via plasma-derived medicinal products (pdmps) manufactured with virus inactivation and/or removal steps. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hev among us source plasma donors. | 2017 | 28833188 |
| full-length genome of a novel genotype 3 hepatitis e virus strain obtained from domestic pigs in japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute or chronic hepatitis in humans and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. pigs are one of the main reservoirs for this infection. sixty pigs, 4-5 months of age, on a swine herd in japan had detectable anti-hev igg antibodies, and five (8.3%) of them had ongoing infection of genotype 3 hev. five hev strains obtained from the viremic pigs shared 98.8-100% nucleotide identity, and one representative strain (swhe1606845), whose entire genomic sequence was d ... | 2017 | 28822700 |
| risk factors associated with blood exposure for sporadic hepatitis e in dhaka, bangladesh. | fecal contamination of drinking water is associated with large hepatitis e virus (hev) outbreaks of genotypes 1 and 2 in endemic areas. sporadic transmission of hev genotypes 3 and 4 in high-income countries has been associated with exposure to blood and animal contact. the objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for hepatitis e and the genotype(s) causing sporadic hepatitis e in dhaka, bangladesh. we selected, from a diagnostic center in dhaka between november 2008 and november ... | 2017 | 28820721 |