Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| Evaluating ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from southwestern Madagascar for a genetic population bottleneck. | In light of historical and recent anthropogenic influences on Malagasy primate populations, in this study ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) samples from two sites in southwestern Madagascar, Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve (BMSR) and Tsimanampetsotsa National Park (TNP), were evaluated for the genetic signature of a population bottleneck. A total of 45 individuals (20 from BMSR and 25 from TNP) were genotyped at seven microsatellite loci. Three methods were used to evaluate these populations for evi ... | 2012 | 22052208 |
| benefits of wildlife consumption to child nutrition in a biodiversity hotspot. | terrestrial wildlife is the primary source of meat for hundreds of millions of people throughout the developing world. despite widespread human reliance on wildlife for food, the impact of wildlife depletion on human health remains poorly understood. here we studied a prospective longitudinal cohort of 77 preadolescent children (under 12 y of age) in rural northeastern madagascar and show that consuming more wildlife was associated with significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations. our empiric ... | 2011 | 22106297 |
| human leptospira isolates circulating in mayotte (indian ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. however, there is a lack of information on leptospira circulating strains in remote parts of the world. we describe the serological and molecular features of leptospires isolated from 94 leptospirosis patients in mayotte, a french department located in the comoros archipelago, between 2007 and 2010. multilocus sequence typing identified these isolates as l. interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. borgpetersenii, and a previously undefined ... | 2011 | 22162544 |
| short report: seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in reunion island (indian ocean) assessed by microscopic agglutination test on paper disc-absorbed whole blood. | in the last decade, leptospirosis has emerged as a globally important infectious disease. humans most commonly become infected through occupational, recreational, or domestic contact with the urine of carrier animals, either directly or through contaminated water or soil. the disease occurs in urban areas of industrialized and developing countries as well as rural regions worldwide. we present a retrospective study conducted in 2006 on 2,269 randomly selected reunion island inhabitants. blood sa ... | 2011 | 22144451 |
| impact of different adiposity measures on the relation between serum uric acid and blood pressure in young adults. | serum uric acid (sua) concentration is independently associated with blood pressure (bp) in adults. we examined this association in young adults at an age where anti-hypertension treatment, other potential confounding factors and co-morbidity are unlikely to occur. we assessed bp, anthropometric variables including weight, height, waist circumference (wc), body fat percent (using bioimpedance), lifestyle behaviors, sua and blood lipids in 549 participants aged 19-20 years from a population-based ... | 2011 | 21938014 |
| distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in archival cervical tissue from women with cervical cancer in urban sri lanka. | to identify the contributions of various human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes in tissue samples from women diagnosed with cervical cancer in sri lanka. | 2011 | 21872246 |
| Timing the origin of human malarias: the lemur puzzle. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21992100 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever serosurvey in at-risk professionals, madagascar, 2008 and 2009. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a zoonotic arboviral infection with hemorrhagic manifestation and often a fatal ending. human become infected mainly through tick bite or by crushing infected tick, by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestock or patient. cchf virus (cchfv) has been isolated once in madagascar but data on the epidemiology of the disease in the country are very scarce. | 2011 | 21889395 |
| rights to food with a human face in the global south. | this article seeks to dispel the popular myth surrounding the food crises which precipitated food riots in the global south in 2008. arguing from a structural and historical perspective, the article suggests that global hunger is a deep-rooted crisis that is embedded in the social and structural variables associated within the nation-state that places a restraint on the self-regulating capacity of nation-states in the south. internationalizing the food crisis, however, will do more harm to the s ... | 2011 | 21966710 |
| Morphometric and meristic characterization of Phlebotomus argentipes species complex in northern Sri Lanka: evidence for the presence of potential leishmaniasis vectors in the country. | The transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is of public health concern in Sri Lanka. The parasite Leishmania donovani is reported to be the causative agent for CL in Sri Lanka. However there is no report on the vector of CL in the country. Phlebotomus argentipes sensu lato is the well known vector of L. donovani which causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the nearby South India. The taxon Ph. argentipes previously reported to occur as a species complex comprising of two morphospe ... | 2011 | 22041744 |
| Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. | In the past decade, chikungunya-a virus transmitted by Aedes spp mosquitoes-has re-emerged in Africa, southern and southeastern Asia, and the Indian Ocean Islands as the cause of large outbreaks of human disease. The disease is characterised by fever, headache, myalgia, rash, and both acute and persistent arthralgia. The disease can cause severe morbidity and, since 2005, fatality. The virus is endemic to tropical regions, but the spread of Aedes albopictus into Europe and the Americas coupled w ... | 2011 | 22100854 |
| A genome sequence resource for the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a nocturnal lemur from Madagascar. | We present a high-coverage, draft genome assembly of the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a highly unusual, nocturnal primate from Madagascar. Our assembly totals ~3.0 billion base pairs (3.0 Gb), roughly the size of the human genome, comprised of ~2.6 million scaffolds (N50 scaffold size = 13,597 bp) based on short, paired-end sequencing reads. We compared the aye-aye genome sequence data to the four other published primate genomes (human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and rhesus macaque), as w ... | 2011 | 22155688 |
| [influenza a(h1n1)2009 epidemic in réunion island: experience in the out-patient influenza clinic, july-september 2009.] | from july 6 to september 29, 2009, 380 patients were seen as out-patients for flu-like illness, and 355 files (253 women and 102 men) were available for retrospective analysis. mean age was 32 years. 158 patients, including 22 with a(h1n1)2009 influenza had underlying medical conditions: pregnancy (n = 87), asthma (n = 37), obesity (n = 17). most frequent symptoms of a(h1n1)2009 influenza patients were fever (97% of the patients), cough (94%), rhinorrhea (59%), myalgia (56%), headache (36%). a n ... | 2011 | 21509521 |
| Diversity of TRIM5a and TRIMCyp sequences in cynomolgus macaques from different geographical origins. | The TRIM5a restriction factor can protect some species of monkeys, but not humans, from HIV infection. It has also emerged that some monkeys have a cyclophilin A domain retrotransposed into the TRIM5 locus resulting in the expression of a TRIMCyp protein with anti-retroviral activity. A high degree of sequence variation in the primate TRIM5 gene has been reported that varies between populations of rhesus macaques, a widely used non-human primate model of HIV/AIDS, and recently shown to correlate ... | 2011 | 22124667 |
| [public health surveillance and assessment of emerging infectious threats: method and criteria for risk analysis]. | one of the objectives of the surveillance systems implemented by the french national institute for public health surveillance is to detect communicable diseases and to reduce their impact. for emerging infections, the detection and risk analysis pose specific challenges due to lack of documented criteria for the event. the surveillance systems detect a variety of events, or "signals" which represent a potential risk, such as a novel germ, a pathogen which may disseminate in a non-endemic area, o ... | 2011 | 21251782 |
| whole-genome analysis of a human rabies virus from sri lanka. | the complete genome sequence of a human rabies virus, strain h-08-1320, from sri lanka was determined and compared with other rabies viruses. the size of the genome was 11,926 nt, and it was composed of a 58-nucleotide 3' leader, five protein genes--n (1353 nt), p (894 nt), m (609 nt), g (1575 nt), and l (6387 nt)--and a 70-nt 5' trailer. the intergenic region g-l contained 515 nt. the sizes of the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix-protein, glycoprotein and large-protein was 450, 296, 202, 5 ... | 2011 | 21298456 |
| distribution of hla alleles and haplotypes in the maldivian population. | the study of human leukocyte antigen (hla), allele and haplotype frequencies within populations provides an important source of information for anthropological investigation, organ and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation purposes as well as disease association studies. as of today, there are no data available in the literature on the hla structure of the maldivian population. altogether 106 families were studied. we used the parents of each family (212 unrelated individuals) to analyze the f ... | 2011 | 21299529 |
| gender and population history: sex bias revealed by studying genetic admixture of ngazidja population (comoro archipelago). | the peopling of comoro archipelago is defined by successive waves of migration from three main areas: the east african coast (bantu-speaking populations), the persia and arabian peninsula, and southeast asia (especially indonesia). it follows an apparent classic trihybrid admixture model. to better understand the comorian population admixture dynamics, we analyzed the contributions of these three historical parental components to its genetic pool. to enhance accuracy and reliability, we used bot ... | 2011 | 21312182 |
| phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of yersinia pestis in madagascar. | plague was introduced to madagascar in 1898 and continues to be a significant human health problem. it exists mainly in the central highlands, but in the 1990s was reintroduced to the port city of mahajanga, where it caused extensive human outbreaks. despite its prevalence, the phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of y. pestis in madagascar has been difficult to study due to the great genetic similarity among isolates. we examine island-wide geographic-genetic patterns based upon whole-geno ... | 2011 | 21931876 |
| genogroup i and ii picobirnaviruses in respiratory tracts of pigs. | sequence-independent amplification and specific reverse transcription pcrs identified genogroup i and ii picobirnaviruses in respiratory tracts of pigs. these data expand knowledge of picobirnavirus diversity and tropism. genetic relationships between porcine respiratory and human enteric picobirnaviruses suggest cross-species transmission of picobirnaviruses between pigs and humans. | 2011 | 22172405 |
| effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (indri indri) health in madagascar. | anthropogenic habitat disturbance impairs ecosystem health by fragmenting forested areas, introducing environmental contamination, and reducing the quality of habitat resources. the effect of this disturbance on wildlife health is of particular concern in madagascar, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, where anthropogenic pressures on the environment remain high. despite the conservation importance of threatened lemur populations in madagascar, few data exist on the effects of anthropogeni ... | 2011 | 21344463 |
| distribution and ecological aspects of sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species in sri lanka. | human indigenous cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani complex is endemic in sri lanka. we performed an entomological survey to determine the distribution of probable vector species. sand flies were collected in districts in the dry zone, in the wet zone highlands, and in the wet zone coastal belt of sri lanka using cdc light traps, sticky traps and cattle-baited net traps during july, 2005. the survey was reconducted in february, 2006. overall, 584 sand flies belonging to phlebo ... | 2011 | 21366784 |
| genetic variation in sh3-domain grb2-like (endophilin)-interacting protein 1 has a major impact on fat mass. | objective:the sh3-domain grb2-like (endophilin)-interacting protein 1 (sgip1) gene has been shown to be differentially expressed in the hypothalamus of lean versus obese israeli sand rats (psammomys obesus), and is suspected of having a role in regulating food intake. the purpose of this study was to assess the role of genetic variation in sgip1 in human disease.subjects:we performed single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping in a large family pedigree cohort from the island of mauritius. t ... | 2011 | 21407171 |
| pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus outbreak among boarding school pupils in madagascar: compliance and adverse effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment. | in october 2009, the first outbreak of pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus in madagascar occurred at a school in antananarivo. among the first 12 cases, five were reported in boarding pupils at the school. the school closed 10 days into the outbreak. mass oseltamivir prophylactic treatment was used to contain the outbreak. this study aimed to determine the transmission of infection among boarding school pupils and to evaluate the adverse effects of oseltamivir chemoprophylactic treatment and ... | 2011 | 21444983 |
| [outbreak of influenza pandemic virus a(h1n1) 2009 infections in the emergency department, saint-pierre, réunion island, july-september 2009]. | a new h1n1 virus originating from swine recently emerged as the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. on july 3, 2009, this new influenza a(h1n1) virus (s-oiv) of swine origins was identified in réunion island, a french overseas department located in the southern hemisphere. the present study describes the characteristics of the epidemic from july 3 to september 30, 2009. among the 479 patients included in our study (236 males, 37.3 ± 19.0 years), 255 (53.2%) were reported to have comorb ... | 2011 | 21451954 |
| [one case of nosocomial a(h1n1)v2009 influenza in réunion island]. | a 19-year-old patient admitted in an oncology unit for an autograft (hodgkin disease), developed on day 20 a fatal acute respiratory failure and multiple organ failure due to an infection of the a(h1n1)v2009 virus, which was acquired in the hospital, despite partial preventive measures. at that time, the specific vaccine was not available in réunion. we discuss the nosocomial origin of the infection. following the epidemic wave, the vaccination rate of the general population and the hospital emp ... | 2011 | 21451955 |
| antiproliferative compounds of cyphostemma greveana from a madagascar dry forest. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the etoh extracts obtained from a plant identified as cyphostemma greveana desc. (vitaceae) led to the identification of one macrolide, lasiodiplodin (1), three sesquiterpenoids, 12-hydroxy-15-oxoselina-4,11-diene (2), 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (3), and (7r*)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol (5), and a new diterpenoid, 16,18-dihydroxykolavenic acid lactone (4). all the isolates were tested against the a2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, and compound 4 and a fr ... | 2011 | 21480509 |
| larval development of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in peri-urban brackish water and its implications for transmission of arboviral diseases. | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. while there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing f ... | 2011 | 22132243 |
| a new xpc gene splicing mutation has lead to the highest worldwide prevalence of xeroderma pigmentosum in black mahori patients. | xeroderma pigmentosum (xp) is a rare, recessive disease characterized by sunlight hypersensitivity and early appearance of cutaneous and ocular malignancies. we report the first description of a very high incidence (around 1/5000) of black xp patients in the mayotte population in the indian ocean. among a cohort of 32 xp, we describe the clinical and genetic features of 18 living comorian black xp patients. we discuss the remarkable clinical differences between white and black xps. skin and ocul ... | 2011 | 21482201 |
| phylogeography of a successful aerial disperser: the golden orb spider nephila on indian ocean islands. | abstract: | 2011 | 21554687 |
| the regional sero-epidemiology of rhinosporidiosis in sri lankan humans and animals. | no data is available in the world literature on serum anti-rhinosporidial antibody levels in animals, and as far as we aware this is the first report. although rhinosporidiosis in farm and domestic animals has been widely reported from other countries, rhinosporidiosis in animals has not been reported in sri lanka, though this country has the highest world-wide prevalence of human rhinosporidiosis on a unit-population basis. serum igg titres in 6 species of sri lankan animals (buffalo, cat, catt ... | 2011 | 21801708 |
| variable prevalence and functional diversity of the antiretroviral restriction factor trimcyp in macaca fascicularis. | the retroviral restriction factor trimcyp, derived from the trim5 gene, blocks replication at a post-entry step. trimcyp has so far been found in four species of asian macaques, macaca fascicularis, m. mulatta, m. nemestrina, and m. leonina. m. fascicularis is commonly used as a model for aids research, but trimcyp has not been analyzed in detail in this species. we analyzed the prevalence of trimcyp in samples from indonesia, indochina, the philippines, and mauritius. we found that trimcyp is p ... | 2011 | 21795330 |
| estimation of stature from cephalo-facial dimensions by regression analysis in indo-mauritian population. | determination of stature from fragmented human remains is vital part of forensic investigation for the purpose of identification. the present study was aimed to modelling the stature both for male and female separately on the basis of craniofacial dimensions. the study was conducted on 150 young and healthy students (75 males and 75 females) in the age group ranging from 20 to 28 years. the stature and fourteen cephalo-facial dimensions were measured on each subject by using standard anthropomet ... | 2011 | 21550566 |
| case report - death by subcutaneous injection of cyanide in sri lanka. | an elderly man was stabbed with a needle and syringe onto his abdomen while asleep. he progressively developed respiratory failure and coma and died an hour later. autopsy findings and laboratory analysis confirmed the death as being due to poisoning by cyanide. this case highlights the need to consider cyanide as a possible agent where there is a rapid death with progressive respiratory failure after injection of an unknown substance. cyanide poisoning by ingestion is frequently seen in suicida ... | 2011 | 21550570 |
| people of the ancient rainforest: late pleistocene foragers at the batadomba-lena rockshelter, sri lanka. | batadomba-lena, a rockshelter in the rainforest of southwestern sri lanka, has yielded some of the earliest evidence of homo sapiens in south asia. h. sapiens foragers were present at batadomba-lena from ca. 36,000 cal bp to the terminal pleistocene and holocene. human occupation was sporadic before the global last glacial maximum (lgm). batadomba-lena's late pleistocene inhabitants foraged for a broad spectrum of plant and mainly arboreal animal resources (monkeys, squirrels and abundant rainfo ... | 2011 | 21777951 |
| genetic diversity, geographical range and origin of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) indian ocean ms. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci is a pest vector of begomoviruses on crops worldwide. bemisia tabaci is composed of a complex of cryptic species which barely interbreed. an exception is the ms from the south west indian ocean (swio), which crosses in low proportions with the exotic b. the ms, together with b and q is part of the same phylogenetic clad. to infer the genetic structure, the geographical range and putative origin of this putative species, microsatellite data and mitochondrial dna (cytoc ... | 2011 | 21492491 |
| mathematical studies on the sterile insect technique for the chikungunya disease and aedes albopictus. | chikungunya is an arthropod-borne disease caused by the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. it can be an important burden to public health and a great cause of morbidity and, sometimes, mortality. understanding if and when disease control measures should be taken is key to curtail its spread. dumont and chiroleu (math biosc eng 7(2):315-348, 2010) showed that the use of chemical control tools such as adulticide and larvicide, and mechanical control, which consists of reducing the breeding si ... | 2011 | 22038083 |
| molecular characterization of the parasitic tapeworm bertiella studeri from the island of mauritius. | specimens of bertiella studeri (cyclophyllidea, anoplocephalidae) that have been preserved in ethanol or fixed permanently in formalin for >2 years were used for dna extraction and molecular characterization. dna was amplified via pcr from samples collected from different monkey and human hosts using eucestoda-specific primers. phylogenetic trees were inferred from two sets of sequence data corresponding to the first and second halves of the 18s rdna gene using two methods (distance-based nj and ... | 2011 | 21750870 |
| spatial and temporal distribution patterns of anopheles arabiensis breeding sites in la reunion island - multi-year trend analysis of historical records from 1996-2009. | abstract: | 2011 | 21708013 |
| spatial epidemiology of suspected clinical leptospirosis in sri lanka. | summaryleptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. a large outbreak of suspected human leptospirosis began in sri lanka during 2008. this study investigated spatial variables associated with suspected leptospirosis risk during endemic and outbreak periods. data were obtained for monthly numbers of reported cases of suspected clinical leptospirosis for 2005-2009 for all of sri lanka. space-time scan statistics were combined with regression modelling to test associations dur ... | 2011 | 21676347 |
| Transmission parameters of vector-borne infections. | Vector-borne infections are those for which the agent (virus, bacteria, or parasite) is transmitted from an infected host (animal or human) to another by a hematophagous arthropod (mosquito, tick, lice, and flea). Two parameters quantify the dynamics of a vector-borne infection: (1) the basic reproductive number (R(0)) that is the mean number of secondary infections transmitted from an infectious host by the bite of the vector and (2) the generation interval that explores the speed of occurrence ... | 2011 | 21993137 |
| Antiplasmodial and antiproliferative pseudoguaianolides of Athroisma proteiforme from the Madagascar Dry Forest. | Investigation of extracts from the plant Athroisma proteiforme (Humbert) Mattf. (Asteraceae) for antimalarial activity led to the isolation of the five new sesquiterpene lactones 1-5 together with centaureidin (6). The structures of the new compounds were deduced from analyses of physical and spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic study. Athrolides C (3) and D (4) both showed antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 6.6 (3 ... | 2011 | 21995542 |
| Predictors of serological cure and Serofast State after treatment in HIV-negative persons with early syphilis. | Syphilis management requires serological monitoring after therapy. We compared factors associated with serological response after treatment of early (ie, primary, secondary, or early latent) syphilis. | 2011 | 21998287 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial fish and lobsters from the coastal waters of madagascar following an oil spill in august 2009. | concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in species of commercial fish and lobsters following an oil-spill just off the protected madagascan coastline. samples were collected along the coastline within and outside the affected area. summed pah concentrations ranged from 1.9μgkg(-1) to 63μgkg(-1) wet weight, but with no higher molecular weight pahs (>202da) being detected. all concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene were <0.1μgkg(-1) ... | 2011 | 22019195 |
| the origins of african plasmodium vivax; insights from mitochondrial genome sequencing. | plasmodium vivax, the second most prevalent of the human malaria parasites, is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. it is very rare, however, in west and central africa, due to the high prevalence of the duffy negative phenotype in the human population. due to its rarity in africa, previous studies on the phylogeny of world-wide p. vivax have suffered from insufficient samples of african parasites. here we compare the mitochondrial sequence diversity of parasites from africa with thos ... | 2011 | 22195007 |
| occurrence and exposure assessment of perchlorate, iodide and nitrate ions from dairy milk and water in japan and sri lanka. | perchlorate is known to competitively interfere with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and thereby human exposure to perchlorate is a public health concern. prevalence of perchlorate in dairy milk is documented; nevertheless, co-occurrence of perchlorate with other thyroid-binding monovalent ions such as iodide and nitrate is not well understood. in this study, we analyzed perchlorate, iodide, and nitrate-n in dairy milk, water and other dairy-related samples collected from japan and sri lanka. ... | 2011 | 21738937 |
| allele frequencies of 11 x-chromosomal loci of two population samples from africa. | eleven x-chromosomal strs from two multiplex pcr approaches (dxs6807, dxs8378, dxs7132, dxs6800, dxs9898, dxs7424, dxs101, dxs7133, hprtb, dxs8377, and dxs7423), located in four different x-chromosomal linkage groups, were typed in two population samples from africa, morocco, and madagascar. forensic efficiency parameters such as polymorphism information content and mean exclusion chance were calculated. a deviation from the hardy–weinberg equilibrium could not be found. the investigation of fou ... | 2011 | 20393854 |
| intensive care unit admission for pandemic (h1n1) 2009, reunion island, 2009. | 2011 | 21192881 | |
| safety and efficacy of electrospun polycarbonate-urethane vascular graft for early hemodialysis access: first clinical results in man. | the purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of an electrospun multilayered, self-sealing polycarbonate-urethane graft for early hemodialysis access in patients. | 2011 | 21279948 |
| prevalence and carrier status of leptospirosis in smallholder dairy cattle and peridomestic rodents in kandy, sri lanka. | leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonotic disease globally and one of the notifiable diseases in sri lanka. other than human leptospirosis, little information is available on leptospirosis in domestic and feral animals in sri lanka. thus, this study attempted to determine the prevalence and carrier status of leptospirosis in smallholder dairy cattle and peridomestic rodents to understand the impact of the disease on public health in kandy, sri lanka. cattle and rodent samples were collect ... | 2011 | 21284522 |
| groundwater stress and vulnerability in rural coastal aquifers under competing demands: a case study from sri lanka. | rural coastal aquifers are undergoing rapid changes due to increasing population, high water demand with expanding agricultural and domestic uses, and seawater intrusion due to unmanaged water pumping. the combined impact of these activities is the deterioration of groundwater quality, public health concerns, and unsustainable water demands. the kalpitiya peninsula located northwest of sri lanka is one area undergoing such changes. this land area is limited and surrounded almost completely by se ... | 2011 | 20559710 |
| viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in antananarivo, madagascar, july 2008 to june 2009. | in madagascar, despite an influenza surveillance established since 1978, little is known about the etiology and prevalence of viruses other than influenza causing influenza-like illnesses (ilis). | 2011 | 21390235 |
| genetic diversity on the comoros islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the western indian ocean. | the comoros islands are situated off the coast of east africa, at the northern entrance of the channel of mozambique. contemporary comoros society displays linguistic, cultural and religious features that are indicators of interactions between african, middle eastern and southeast asian (sea) populations. influences came from the north, brought by the arab and persian traders whose maritime routes extended to madagascar by 700-900 ad. influences also came from the far east, with the long-distanc ... | 2011 | 20700146 |
| [clinical study of a cohort of 94 children with influenza a(h1n1) on the réunion island.] | we conducted a monocentric retrospective study at the félix-guyon regional hospital, saint-denis, réunion island, from august 1, 2009 to september 30, 2009. we included 94 children with nasal and/or throat swabs tested positive for influenza a(h1n1)v during the study period. we describe the clinical, biological, and radiological presentations, the hospitalization rate, and the antiviral and antibiotic therapies. children between six months and two years were the ones most at risk of severe forms ... | 2011 | 21509523 |
| isolation and synthesis of antiproliferative eupolauridine alkaloids of ambavia gerrardii from the madagascar dry forest (1). | investigation of the madagascan endemic plant ambavia gerrardii for antiproliferative activity against the a2780 ovarian cancer cell line led to the isolation of the three new alkaloids 8-hydroxyeupolauridine (1), 9-methoxyeupolauridine 1-oxide (2), and 11-methoxysampangine (3) and the three known alkaloids 4-6. the structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed by synthesis. compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed moderate to good antiproliferative activities, with ic(50) values of 10.3, 3.5, and 0.60 μm, respectiv ... | 2011 | 21504145 |
| [severe cases of a(h1n1)v2009 infection in réunion island in 2009 and 2010.] | in the southern hemisphere, réunion island acts as a sentinel for infections preferentially occurring during the austral winter that are likely to reach the northern hemisphere a few months later. we relate the main features concerning patients that were admitted during years 2009 and 2010 in our intensive care unit with an a(h1n1)v2009 infection, mainly for acute respiratory distress. demographic, clinical, and biological data as well as given medications and outcome were prospectively collecte ... | 2011 | 21509522 |
| the invaders: phylogeography of dengue and chikungunya viruses aedes vectors, on the south west islands of the indian ocean. | aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti are the two main worldwide arbovirus vectors that have experienced invasion phases. aedes aegypti is a pantropical species that spread centuries ago whereas ae. albopictus started the main wave of invasion in the 1980s. both species have been at various times on the different islands in southwestern indian ocean (swio). this area provides an opportunity to examine the extent to which mosquitoes colonization patterns are influenced by different introductory even ... | 2011 | 21827872 |
| theorising the 'human subject' in biomedical research: international clinical trials and bioethics discourses in contemporary sri lanka. | the global spread of clinical trials activity is accompanied by a parallel growth in research governance and human subject protection. in this paper we analyse how dominant ideas of the 'human subject' in clinical trials are played out in countries that are deemed to be scientifically under-developed. specifically, we show how rhetorics of individualism, rationality and autonomy implicit in international ethical guidelines governing human subject research are operationalised and localised. we gi ... | 2010 | 21208703 |
| [outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)/2009: description of cases and crisis management in a icu in reunion island]. | to describe the characteristics, treatment and outcome of critically ill patients with influenza a(h1n1) infection at st pierre hospital in reunion island during the 2009 outbreak, as well as the measures of care reorganization implemented to face them. | 2010 | 21112729 |
| [epidemic of influenza a(h1n1) 2009 in reunion island: epidemiological data.] | in reunion island, a french subtropical island located in the southern hemisphere, the monitoring of the epidemiological dynamics of the epidemic linked to the emergence of pandemic virus a(h1n1) 2009 was achieved through the regular influenza surveillance system which has been reinforced on that occasion. it was mainly based on a network of sentinel physicians, combined with virologic monitoring, and on surveillance of severe cases and deaths. the data were analyzed and retroinformation was dis ... | 2010 | 21181328 |
| [influenza a (h1n1) 2009 surveillance on mayotte island: the challenge of setting up a new system facing the pandemic.] | in response to the threat of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus in mayotte island, influenza surveillance needed to be set up in a matter of weeks, to detect the introduction of the pandemic virus and monitor its spread and impact on public health. surveillance was based on different systems, including a sentinel practitioner network for influenza-like illness, surveillance of the activity at the hospital emergency departments, virological surveillance, surveillance of severe and fatal c ... | 2010 | 21181329 |
| influenza virus infections among a sample of hospital attendees in ragama, sri lanka. | this study was carried out to define the types of influenza viruses circulating among humans and to understand the seasonality of influenza virus activity. such information is essential for deciding on influenza vaccination strategy and on the appropriate time for delivering influenza vaccination, if such a vaccination policy was decided to be a priority. | 2010 | 20645542 |
| antiproliferative compounds from pongamiopsis pervilleana from the madagascar dry forest. | bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the roots of the endemic malagasy plant pongamiopsis pervilleana led to the isolation of the three new compounds (2'r)-4'-hydroxyemoroidocarpan (1), pongavilleanine (3), and epipervilline (4) together with two known compounds, identified as emoroidocarpan (2) and rotenolone (5). the structures of all compounds were determined by physical, chemical, and spectroscopic evidence. the stereochemistry at c-2' of the previously reported compound em ... | 2010 | 20804165 |
| mobile phone-based infectious disease surveillance system, sri lanka. | because many infectious diseases are emerging in animals in low-income and middle-income countries, surveillance of animal health in these areas may be needed for forecasting disease risks to humans. we present an overview of a mobile phone-based frontline surveillance system developed and implemented in sri lanka. field veterinarians reported animal health information by using mobile phones. submissions increased steadily over 9 months, with ≈4,000 interactions between field veterinarians and r ... | 2010 | 20875276 |
| living in exile when disaster strikes at home. | as the number of migrants,- forced or voluntary,- increases, there is a growing need to understand how negative events in the country of origin influence those residing abroad. this issue has been actualized by the recent earthquakes in haiti and chile. persons in exile have frequently been exposed to severe human rights violations and other stressors prior to emigration. the present study explored possible associations between ongoing and former stressors and mental health problems among person ... | 2010 | 20952824 |
| acute human lethal toxicity of agricultural pesticides: a prospective cohort study. | agricultural pesticide poisoning is a major public health problem in the developing world, killing at least 250,000-370,000 people each year. targeted pesticide restrictions in sri lanka over the last 20 years have reduced pesticide deaths by 50% without decreasing agricultural output. however, regulatory decisions have thus far not been based on the human toxicity of formulated agricultural pesticides but on the surrogate of rat toxicity using pure unformulated pesticides. we aimed to determine ... | 2010 | 21048990 |
| first isolation and direct evidence for the existence of large small-mammal reservoirs of leptospira sp. in madagascar. | leptospirosis has long been a major public health concern in the southwestern indian ocean. however, in madagascar, only a few, old studies have provided indirect serological evidence of the disease in humans or animals. | 2010 | 21124843 |
| cardenolides of leptadenia madagascariensis from the madagascar dry forest. | investigation of the endemic madagascar plant leptadenia madagascariensis decne. (apocynaceae) for antiproliferative activity against the a2780 ovarian cancer cell line led to the isolation of the four new cardenolides 1-4. the structure elucidations of these compounds were based on analyzes of their 1d and 2d nmr spectra and mass spectrometric data. the cardenolides were strongly antiproliferative to the a2780 ovarian cancer cell line, with ic(50) values of 0.18, 0.21, 0.17, and 0.29μm line, an ... | 2010 | 21159516 |
| [huge dorsolumbar cold abscess associated with pott's disease]. | pott's disease, or tuberculosis of the spine, is the most common osteoarticular tuberculosis. among them, dorsolumbar impairment is predominant. the authors report the case of a patient with a huge cold lumbar abscess associated with pott's disease. the patient is a 32-year-old man presenting dorsolumbar tumefaction associated with an alteration in his general condition and fever for three months. treatment by "traditional healers" did not provide any improvement. he consulted for mild lumbar pa ... | 2010 | 21167445 |
| in vitro screening on β-amyloid peptide production of plants used in traditional medicine for cognitive disorders. | the aim of the study was to investigate the activity on β-amyloid peptide production of crude extracts of 9 plant species traditionally used in benin or in madagascar for the treatment of cognitive disorders, in order to select candidates for alzheimer's disease treatment. | 2010 | 20673795 |
| genome-wide scan identifies a quantitative trait locus at 4p15.3 for serum urate. | elevated serum urate levels lead to gout and are associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. the purpose of this study was to identify evidence for genetic linkage with serum urate and to determine whether variation within positional candidate genes is associated with serum urate levels in a non-european population. genetic linkage analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping was performed in a large family pedigree cohort from m ... | 2010 | 20588307 |
| antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of various plant extracts from the mascarene archipelago. | aim of the study: antiplasmodial activity, inhibition of nitric oxide (no) overproduction, and anti-proliferative activity were investigated in vitro to evaluate the bioactive potential of the traditional pharmacopoeia of the mascarene archipelago, which is known for its biodiversity and for the richness of its endemic flora. materials and methods: a total of 45 methanol (meoh) and dichloromethane (dcm) extracts were prepared from 19 plant species collected on réunion and mauritius islands. nine ... | 2010 | 20600776 |
| [outbreak of influenza pandemic virus a(h1n1) 2009 infections in emergency department, saint-pierre, reunion island. july-august 2009]. | the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus has emerged to cause the first pandemic of the 21st century. on july 3, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified in reunion island, french overseas department located in the southern hemisphere. the present study describes the characteristics and the impact of the epidemic on the activity of an emergency department (ed) from july 3 to august 31, 2009. | 2010 | 20466514 |
| rift valley fever during rainy seasons, madagascar, 2008 and 2009. | during 2 successive rainy seasons, january 2008 through may 2008 and november 2008 through march 2009, rift valley fever virus (rvfv) caused outbreaks in madagascar. human and animal infections were confirmed on the northern and southern coasts and in the central highlands. analysis of partial sequences from rvfv strains showed that all were similar to the strains circulating in kenya during 2006-2007. a national cross-sectional serologic survey among slaughterhouse workers at high risk showed t ... | 2010 | 20507747 |
| plasmodium vivax and the duffy antigen: a paradigm revisited. | the duffy blood group antigen is the portal of entry of the plasmodiumvivax malaria parasite into human red blood cells and the receptor for a number of cxc and cc chemokines. we review here epidemiological data and evidence derived from therapeutic or experimental human infections associating p. vivax and the duffy glycoprotein and laboratory studies indicating that p. vivax uses the duffy antigen as a receptor to invade the red cell. we then review recent field observations indicating that the ... | 2010 | 20655790 |
| raising awareness of amphibian chytridiomycosis will not alienate ecotourists visiting madagascar. | chytridiomycosis (bd) is contributing to amphibian extinctions worldwide but has so far not been detected in madagascar. the high likelihood for bd to spread to the island and efface this amphibian diversity and endemism hotspot requires respective conservation policies to be developed. bd could be introduced by the large number of tourists that visit protected areas; therefore, increasing awareness among tourists and encouraging them to participate in safety measures should be a priority conser ... | 2010 | 20517634 |
| an antiproliferative xanthone of symphonia pauciflora from the madagascar rainforest. | investigation of a malagasy endemic plant identified as symphonia pauciflora baker (clusiaceae) for antiproliferative activities against the a2780 ovarian cancer cell line led to the isolation of a new compound identified as 2-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-7-methoxy-l,5,6-trihydroxy-2",2"-dimethylpyrano(6",5":3,4) xanthone (1) and the two known guttiferones a (2) and i (3). the structure elucidation of 1 was based on the analysis of its 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectral data. compound 1 showed good antiprol ... | 2010 | 20521541 |
| chronic kidney disease associated with environmental toxins and exposures. | people are exposed to various potentially toxic agents and conditions in their natural and occupational environments. these agents may be physical or chemical, may enter the human body through oral, inhalational, or transdermal routes, and may exert effects on all organ systems. several well-known as well as lesser known associations exist between chronic kidney disease (ckd) and both environmental agents and conditions, such as heavy metals, industrial chemicals, elevated ambient temperatures, ... | 2010 | 20439094 |
| genetic structure of plasmodium falciparum and elimination of malaria, comoros archipelago. | the efficacy of malaria control and elimination on islands may depend on the intensity of new parasite inflow. on the comoros archipelago, where falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem because of spread of drug resistance and insufficient malaria control, recent interventions for malaria elimination were planned on moheli, 1 of 4 islands in the comoros archipelago. to assess the relevance of such a local strategy, we performed a population genetics analysis by using multilocus m ... | 2010 | 21029525 |
| social complexity and linguistic diversity in the austronesian and bantu population expansions. | reconstructing the rise and fall of social complexity in human societies through time is fundamental for understanding some of the most important transformations in human history. phylogenetic methods based on language diversity provide a means to reconstruct pre-historic events and model the transition rates of cultural change through time. we model and compare the evolution of social complexity in austronesian (n = 88) and bantu (n = 89) societies, two of the world's largest language families ... | 2010 | 20961903 |
| four diphenylpropanes and a cycloheptadibenzofuran from bussea sakalava from the madagascar dry forest. | investigation of the endemic malagasy plant bussea sakalava for antiproliferative activity against the a2780 ovarian cancer cell line led to the isolation of the four new diphenylpropanes 1-4 and the new cycloheptadibenzofuran 5; compound 5 has a previously unreported natural product skeleton. the structure elucidation of these compounds was based on the analysis of their 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectroscopic data. compounds 1-5 were tested for antiproliferative activity against the a2780 human o ... | 2010 | 20942441 |
| y chromosome microdeletions are not associated with spontaneous recurrent pregnancy loss in a sinhalese population in sri lanka. | many advances have been made in reproductive medicine, yet the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy remains the most common complication of pregnancy. the aetiology of spontaneous recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) is multifactorial. y chromosome microdeletions are found in ∼7% of men with low sperm counts and, compared with the general population, a higher frequency of spontaneous pregnancy loss occurs in infertile couples. the current study was designed to examine whether y chromosome microdeletions we ... | 2010 | 20943704 |
| towards eradication: three years after the tsunami of 2004, has malaria transmission been eliminated from the island of simeulue? | the island of simeulue was the first landfall of the tsunami of december 2004. the tsunami destroyed many villages on the island, leaving one third of the population homeless. malaria is endemic in simeulue and an epidemic was reported to have occurred three months prior to the tsunami. information concerning malaria was, however, not easily available. the earthquakes related to the tsunami may have created extensive potential breeding sites of anopheles sundaicus, the probable vector, and incre ... | 2010 | 20952042 |
| surveillance for antibodies to leishmania spp. in dogs from sri lanka. | the global distribution of leishmaniasis is rapidly expanding into new geographic regions. dogs are the primary reservoir hosts for human visceral leishmaniasis caused by infection with leishmania infantum. natural infections with other leishmania spp. can occur in dogs, but their role as reservoir hosts for other species of leishmania is uncertain. leishmania donovani is traditionally considered a visceralizing anthroponotic species; however, cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. donovani has be ... | 2010 | 19803542 |
| pandemic influenza on reunion island and school closure. | 2010 | 20417411 | |
| common variants at the gck, gckr, g6pc2-abcb11 and mtnr1b loci are associated with fasting glucose in two asian populations. | to test fasting glucose association at four loci recently identified or verified by genome-wide association (gwa) studies of european populations, we performed a replication study in two asian populations. | 2010 | 19937311 |
| clinical and epidemiological studies on the cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (leishmania) donovani in sri lanka. | sri lanka is the newest reported focus of human leishmaniasis within the indian subcontinent. over the last 8 years, more than 2000 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), apparently caused by leishmania donovani (a species usually associated with the visceral form of the disease), have been passively identified in the country. the clinical profiles of 401 suspected cases of cl in sri lanka were recently explored and some of the cases' immunological responses were investigated, in antibody-detect ... | 2010 | 20507695 |
| novel human parechovirus, sri lanka. | of 362 fecal samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in sri lanka during 2005-2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human parechovirus (hpev) by reverse transcription-pcr. a novel hpev, designated as hpev10, was identified in 2 samples by sequence analysis of the viral protein 1 gene of the detected hpevs. | 2010 | 20031059 |
| differences and commonalities in physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of zanzibari geophagic soils. | the function of human geophagy has long been questioned. we sought to test hypotheses concerning its potential physiological effects through analysis of soils and patterns in geophagy behavior. eleven samples of geophagic soils consumed by pregnant women on pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania, were characterized according to their color, texture, major element chemistry, trace element chemistry, bulk mineralogy, and clay mineralogy. an epidemiological study (n = 2367) and ethnographic interviews (n ... | 2010 | 20063204 |
| the pig tapeworm taenia solium, the cause of cysticercosis: biogeographic (temporal and spacial) origins in madagascar. | cysticercosis is a serious public health problem in madagascar. the prevalence rate of active cysticercosis reached 21% in regions with a high level of livestock farming. taenia solium of african-american and asian genotypes are both present on the island. the times of divergence of the 13 specimens studied suggests a very ancient diversification of t. solium. these events are widely thought to be prior to the domestication of pigs, and seem to follow the expansion of homo in asia. multiple huma ... | 2010 | 20093191 |
| a review of the dynamics and severity of the pandemic a(h1n1) influenza virus on réunion island, 2009. | on reunion island, in response to the threat of emergence of the pandemic influenza a(h1n1)2009 virus, we implemented enhanced influenza surveillance from may 2009 onwards in order to detect the introduction of pandemic h1n1 influenza and to monitor its spread and impact on public health. the first 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus was identified in réunion on july 5, 2009, in a traveller returning from australia; seasonal influenza b virus activity had already been detected. by the end of j ... | 2010 | 20121825 |
| lessons from the h1n1 influenza pandemic in french overseas territories and interim reports from metropolitan france. | 2010 | 20121826 | |
| candidate gene study of susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in sri lanka. | to investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in tnf, lta and slc11a1 genes and risk of endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in sri lanka through a case-control disease association study. | 2010 | 20214763 |
| paleoenvironment of ankilitelo cave (late holocene, southwestern madagascar): implications for the extinction of giant lemurs. | following human arrival, madagascar suffered well-documented megafaunal extinctions and widespread deforestation. although humans are widely considered to be the primary cause of the extinctions, the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to this ecological transformation remain uncertain. reconstructing the habitats of the giant lemurs of madagascar can provide key information for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their extinction. in this study, i pre ... | 2010 | 20226497 |
| health and human rights education: time to act. | 2010 | 20226986 | |
| livelihoods and protection in situations of protracted conflict. | this paper presents the findings from research on livelihoods-protection linkages from the perspective of conflict-affected populations as well as agency analysis and action. the aim of the research is to understand how greater complementarity between humanitarian protection and livelihoods approaches might reduce the risks facing conflict-affected populations. the findings show that the causes of risks to livelihoods and protection are often the same, and that community responses are intimately ... | 2010 | 20132269 |
| rab23 mutation in a large family from comoros islands with carpenter syndrome. | we report here on a rab23 mutation (c.86dupa) present in the homozygote state in four relatives of comorian origin with carpenter syndrome. all children presented with acrocephaly and polysyndactyly. however, intrafamilial variability was observed with variable severity of craniosynostosis ranging from cloverleaf skull to predominant involvement of the metopic ridge. all children also presented with a combination of brachydactyly with agenesis of the middle phalanges, syndactyly, broad thumbs, a ... | 2010 | 20358613 |
| [isolated prostate tuberculosis. report of a case in madagascar]. | isolated prostate tuberculosis is uncommon. authors report herein the case of 64-year-old man who presented obstructive syndrome of low urinary tract. after clinical and biological examination, and imagery, prostate cancer was highly suspected. transrectal biopsy was performed and histological examination showed tuberculosis lesions. we suggest that prostate tuberculosis should be evoked in old patient presenting similar signs and living in tuberculosis endemic zone. | 2010 | 20380996 |
| myocarditis associated with 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus in children. | 2010 | 20392309 | |
| mhc haplotype m3 is associated with early control of shivsbg infection in mauritian cynomolgus macaques. | the restricted major histocompatibilty complex of mauritian cynomolgus macaques confers exceptional potential on this species in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine development. however, knowledge of the effects of mhc genetics on commonly used simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) stocks is incomplete. we determined the effect of mhc haplotypes on shivsbg replication kinetics in a cohort of 25 naïve cynomolgus macaques. haplotype m3 was associ ... | 2010 | 20403147 |