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high rates of ctx-m-15-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in wild boars and barbary macaques in algeria.the present study aimed to screen for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae in wild boars and barbary macaques in béjaïa and jijel, algeria.201727984780
high frequency of b2 phylogroup among non-clonally related fecal escherichia coli isolates from wild boars, including the lineage st131.wild boars are worldwide distributed mammals which population is increasing in many regions, like the iberian peninsula, leading to an increased exposition to humans. they are considered reservoirs of different zoonotic pathogens and have been postulated as potential vectors of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic distribution of escherichia coli from wild boar feces. antimicrobial resistance and integro ...201728365752
recombinant expression of porcine spermadhesin awn and its phospholipid interaction: indication for a novel lipid binding property.awn is a porcine (sus scrofa domestica) seminal plasma protein and has been linked to a variety of processes related to fertilization. to acquire the protein in sufficient amount and purity for functional studies, we established its recombinant expression in e. coli and a three-step purification protocol based on different chromatographies. the test for awn-phospholipid interaction revealed phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin as potential binding partners. as phosphatidic acid is surmised to play ...201728326614
human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats.cattle are the main reservoirs for shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), the only known zoonotic intestinal e. coli pathotype. however, there are other intestinal pathotypes that can cause disease in humans, whose presence has been seldom investigated. thus, our aim was to identify the effects of anthropic pressure and of wild and domestic ungulate abundance on the distribution and diversity of the main human e. coli pathotypes and nine of their representative virulence genes (vgs). we ...201728213899
antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of escherichia coli recovered from frozen game meat.the increasing number of antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae both in veterinary and human medicine, the dissemination of these bacteria in several environments and their possible repercussions on human health is causing concern. game meat is usually seen as free of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. the objective of this study was to evaluate the current antimicrobial susceptibility status in generic escherichia coli isolated from packed frozen game meat from a game handling establishment ...201728040165
antimicrobial peptides of meat origin - an in silico and in vitro analysis.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of meat protein-derived peptides against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the in silico and in vitro approach was combined to determine the potency of antimicrobial peptides derived from pig (sus scrofa) and cow (bos taurus) proteins. the in silico studies consisted of an analysis of the amino acid composition of peptides obtained from the campr database, their molecular weight and other physicochemical properties ...201728000569
a review of the current status of relevant zoonotic pathogens in wild swine (sus scrofa) populations: changes modulating the risk of transmission to humans.many wild swine populations in different parts of the world have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. however, increasing human settlements in semi-natural areas, outdoor activities, socio-economic cha ...201725953392
experimental evaluation of faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus as biological indicators of contacts between domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar.domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) share several important viral and bacterial pathogens. therefore, direct and indirect contacts between domestic pigs and wild boar present a risk of pathogen spillover and can lead to long-term perpetuation of infection. biological indicators could be a powerful tool to understand and characterize contacts between wild boar and domestic pigs. here, faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus (hev) were explored as potential biological indicator ...201726190581
a system model for understanding the role of animal feces as a route of contamination of leafy greens before harvest.the majority of foodborne outbreaks in the united states associated with the consumption of leafy greens contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7 have been reported during the period of july to november. a dynamic system model consisting of subsystems and inputs to the system (soil, irrigation, cattle, wild pig, and rainfall) simulating a hypothetical farm was developed. the model assumed two crops of lettuce in a year and simulated planting, irrigation, harvesting, ground preparation for the ...201727836846
occurrence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in the wildlife: first report of oxa-48 in wild boars in algeria.the aim of the present study was to screen for the presence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) isolates from wild boars and barbary macaques in algeria. fecal samples were collected from wild boars (n = 168) and barbary macaques (n = 212), in bejaia, algeria, between september 2014 and april 2016. the isolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. carbapenem resistance determinants were studied using pcr and sequencing, while clonal relatedness was per ...201728799835
occurrence and characterization of stx and/or eae-positive escherichia coli isolated from wildlife, including a typical epec strain from a wild boar.shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strains are food-borne pathogens associated with acute diarrhea. haemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is often a complication of stec infection. in order to examine the occurrence, serotypes, virulence and antimicrobial-resistance profiles of stec and epec in wildlife, 326 faecal e. coli strains from 304 clinically healthy animals were analyzed. for this approach stx1, stx2 and eae genes, as well as accessory virulence determin ...201728757042
evaluating the risk of pathogen transmission from wild animals to domestic pigs in australia.wild animals contribute to endemic infection in livestock as well as the introduction, reintroduction and maintenance of pathogens. the source of introduction of endemic diseases to a piggery is often unknown and the extent of wildlife contribution to such local spread is largely unexplored. the aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the probability of domestic pigs being exposed to different pathogens from wild animals commonly found around commercial piggeries in australia. spec ...201626711303
assessment of antibiotic resistance of escherichia coli isolates and screening of salmonella spp. in wild ungulates from portugal.antibiotic resistance is an emerging global problem. wild animals are rarely exposed to antibiotics and therefore low levels of antibiotic resistance are expected. however, the growing interactions of these animals with humans and livestock may have a huge impact on their bacterial flora. this study aimed to assess the levels of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli isolated from widespread wild ungulates in portugal. the interpretation of inhibition zone diameters was performed according to ...201525869224
functional characterization of a novel lytic phage ecsw isolated from sus scrofa domesticus and its potential for phage therapy.in this study, multi-drug resistant escherichia coli sw1 (e. coli sw1) and active lytic phage ecsw was isolated from feces samples of sus scrofa domesticus (piglet) suffering from diarrhea. transmission electron microscopy (tem) indicated that isolated ecsw belongs to the myoviridae family with an icosahedral head (80 ± 4) and a long tail (180 ± 5 nm). the ecsw phage genome size was estimated to be approximately 75 kb of double-stranded dna (dsdna). phage dynamic studies show that the latent per ...201525805216
characterization of glutathione s-transferases from sus scrofa, cydia pomonella and triticum aestivum: their responses to cantharidin.glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play a key role in detoxification of xenobiotics in organisms. however, their other functions, especially response to the natural toxin cantharidin produced by beetles in the meloidae and oedemeridae families, are less known. we obtained gst cdnas from three sources: cydia pomonella (cpgstd1), sus scrofa (ssgstα1), and triticum aestivum (tagstf3). the predicted molecular mass is 24.19, 25.28 and 24.49 kda, respectively. these proteins contain typical n-terminal ...201525640718
escherichia coli o157:h7 in wild boars (sus scrofa) and iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) sharing pastures with free-ranging livestock in a natural environment in spain.wild ungulates have greatly increased in abundance and range throughout europe. this new situation presents a concern for public health because many wild ungulates are known reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens.201525807206
development of a rapid high-efficiency scalable process for acetylated sus scrofa cationic trypsin production from escherichia coli inclusion bodies.trypsin is one of the most important enzymatic tools in proteomics and biopharmaceutical studies. here, we describe the complete recombinant expression and purification from a trypsinogen expression vector construct. the sus scrofa cationic trypsin gene with a propeptide sequence was optimized according to escherichia coli codon-usage bias and chemically synthesized. the gene was inserted into pet-11c plasmid to yield an expression vector. using high-density e. coli fed-batch fermentation, tryps ...201526318238
large-scale identification of membrane proteins with properties favorable for crystallization.membrane protein crystallography is notoriously difficult due to challenges in protein expression and issues of degradation and structural stability. we have developed a novel method for large-scale screening of native sources for integral membrane proteins that have intrinsic biochemical properties favorable for crystallization. highly expressed membrane proteins that are thermally stable and nonaggregating in detergent solutions were identified by mass spectrometry from escherichia coli, sacch ...201526257393
presence of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in wild boars.the european wild boar populations are growing and spreading to new areas, which might constitute a threat to public health, since wild boar can harbour pathogens with the potential to cause serious illness in humans. tonsils, ileocaecal lymph nodes and faecal samples were collected from 88 swedish wild boars and analysed for the presence of the zoonotic pathogens salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec). a combination ...201424512817
detection and characterization of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli, salmonella spp., and yersinia strains from human, animal, and food samples in san luis, argentina.shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec), salmonella spp., and yersinia species was investigated in humans, animals, and foods in san luis, argentina. a total of 453 samples were analyzed by culture and pcr. the antimicrobial susceptibility of all the strains was studied, the genomic relationships among isolates of the same species were determined by pfge, and the potencial virulence of y. enterocolitica strains was analyzed. yersinia species showed higher prevalence (9/453, 2.0%, 95% ci, 0 ...201425177351
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of foodborne bacteria in wild boars (sus scrofa) and wild deer (cervus nippon) in japan.this study aimed to evaluate the role of wild boars and deer as reservoirs of foodborne bacteria. we investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 and o26, and listeria monocytogenes isolated from wild boars and deer in japan, from july through december 2010. campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. were isolated from 43.8% (95% confidence interval [ci]: 35.0-52.6) and 7.4% (95% ci: 2.8-12.1) ...201324161070
the new allelic variant of the subtilase cytotoxin (subab2) is common among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from large game animals and their meat and meat products.subtilase cytotoxin (subab) is an ab5 toxin produced by shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains usually lacking the eae gene product intimin. two allelic variants of subab encoding genes have been described: subab1, located on a plasmid, and subab2, located on a pathogenicity island (pai) together with tia gene. while subab1 has been reported to be more frequent among bovine strains, subab2 has been mainly associated with strains from small ruminants. we investigated the pres ...201323880308
porcine e. coli: virulence-associated genes, resistance genes and adhesion and probiotic activity tested by a new screening method.we established an automated screening method to characterize adhesion of escherichia coli to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (ipec-j2) and their probiotic activity against infection by enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). 104 intestinal e. coli isolates from domestic pigs were tested by pcr for the occurrence of virulence-associated genes, genes coding for resistances to antimicrobial agents and metals, and for phylogenetic origin by pcr. adhesion rates and probiotic activity were examined for c ...201323658605
incidence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in beef, pork, chicken, deer, boar, bison, and rabbit retail meat.the objective of the current study was to determine the incidence of contamination by the top 7 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o-groups, responsible for the majority of e. coli infections in human beings, in retail meat from different animal species. samples from ground beef (n = 51), ground pork (n = 16), ground chicken (n = 16), and game meat (deer, wild boar, bison, and rabbit; n = 55) were collected from retail vendors for the detection of 7 stec o-groups (o26, o45, o103, o111 ...201323512921
prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. in large game animals intended for consumption: relationship with management practices and livestock influence.although wild ruminants have been identified as reservoirs of shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli (stec), little information is available concerning the role of salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. in large game species. we evaluated the presence of these pathogens in faeces (n=574) and carcasses (n=585) sampled from red deer (n=295), wild boar (n=333) and other ungulates (fallow deer, mouflon) (n=9). animal sampling was done in situ from 33 hunting estates during two hunting seasons. salmo ...201323384892
effect of transgastric peritoneal access on peritoneal innate cellular immunity: experimental study in swine.one of the main concerns of natural orifice surgery is the local and systemic impact on physiology. few studies have compared natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes) with other surgical modalities. most studies are based on systemic variables such as postoperative serum cytokines, with conflicting results. surgical trauma induces an early inflammatory response, release of cytokines, and local leukocyte activation and oxidative burst. major surgical trauma is related to impairment ...201323239288
antimicrobial resistance in indicator escherichia coli isolates from free-ranging livestock and sympatric wild ungulates in a natural environment (northeastern spain).antimicrobial resistance was assessed in indicator escherichia coli isolates from free-ranging livestock and sympatric wild boar (sus scrofa) and iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) in a national game reserve in northeastern spain. the frequency of antimicrobial resistance was low (0% to 7.9%). however, resistance to an extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones was detected.201323892753
food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain.wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ...201323992794
isolation of campylobacter from feral swine (sus scrofa) on the ranch associated with the 2006 escherichia coli o157:h7 spinach outbreak investigation in california.we report the isolation of campylobacter species from the same population of feral swine that was investigated in san benito county, california, during the 2006 spinach-related escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak. this is the first survey of campylobacter in a free-ranging feral swine population in the united states. campylobacter species were cultured from buccal and rectal-anal swabs, colonic faeces and tonsils using a combination of selective enrichment and antibiotic-free membrane filtration m ...201222405465
seropathotypes, phylogroups, stx subtypes, and intimin types of wildlife-carried, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains with the same characteristics as human-pathogenic isolates.the objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains in wildlife that have spread in europe, living near human settlements; to analyze their epidemiological role in maintenance and transmission to domestic livestock; and to assess the potential health risk of wildlife-carried strains. stec strains were recovered from 53% of roe deer, 8.4% of wild boars, and 1.9% of foxes sampled in the northwest of spain (galicia). of the 40 serot ...201222307301
the search for the gene mutations underlying enterotoxigenic escherichia coli f4ab/ac susceptibility in pigs: a review.diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli with fimbriae f4 (etec-f4) is an important problem in neonatal and just weaned piglets and hence for the pig farming industry. there is substantial evidence for a genetic basis for susceptibility to etec-f4 since not all piglets suffer from diarrhoea after an etec-f4 infection. it is assumed that the wild boar was originally etec-f4 resistant and that susceptibility towards etec arose after domestication. there are different phenotypes in the pig ...201223061722
Prevalence and Isoforms of the Pathogenicity Island ETT2 Among Escherichia coli Isolates from Colibacillosis in Pigs and Mastitis in Cows.To study the prevalence and isoforms of the pathogenicity island ETT2 among pathogenic Escherichia coli, as well as to determine the relationship between the ETT2 locus and other virulence factors, PCR amplifications target to the 35 ETT2-associated genes were established and used to investigate the presence of the ETT2 locus in 168 E. coli isolates from weaned piglets with edema and/or diarrhea or dairy cows with mastitis. The results showed that the ETT2 locus could be identified in the pathog ...201222002588
detection and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in game meat and ready-to-eat meat products.a total of 142 samples of game meat and ready-to-eat meat products from red deer and wild boar were analysed in order to assess the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). shiga-toxin encoding genes (stx genes) were detected by pcr in 36 (25.4%) of the samples and stec was isolated from 8 (5.6%) of the same samples. none of the samples tested positive for e. coli o157:h7. four different serotypes were found among the 8 stec isolates, with serotype o27:h30 being predominant (62 ...201223177058
cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) mitochondrial atp synthase atp5g1.the atp5g1 gene is one of the three genes that encode mitochondrial atp synthase subunit c of the proton channel. we cloned the cdna and determined the genomic sequence of the atp5g1 gene from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively. the cloned cdna fragment contains an open reading frame of 411 bp encoding 136 amino acids; the length of the genomic sequence is of 1838 bp, containing three exons and two introns. alignment analysis revealed ...201223007995
effect of lactobacillus plantarum cjlp243 on the growth performance and cytokine response of weaning pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing lactobacillus plantarum cjlp243 on the growth and cytokine response of weaning pigs (sus scrofa) challenged with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). in a 28-d experiment (14 d before and 14 d after challenge), a total of 108 pigs at 20 ± 1 d of age were allotted to 1 of 6 diets. these were a control diet without etec challenge (con) and 5 treatment diets with etec challenge, including a control diet with etec ch ...201222859771
analyses of intestinal commensal escherichia coli strains from wild boars suggest adaptation to conventional pig production conditions.to test the hypothesis that escherichia coli populations have adapted to conventional pig production practices, we comparatively tested intestinal commensal e. coli from wild boars versus isolates from domestic pigs by analyzing virulence-associated factors, adhesion, and metabolic activities. virulence-associated genes typical for intestinal pathogenic e. coli (invags) were sporadically detected among e. coli from wild boars except the adhesion-related gene paa and the enterotoxin-encoding gene ...201222857976
barley-derived β-glucans increases gut permeability, ex vivo epithelial cell binding to e. coli, and naive t-cell proportions in weanling pigs.weaning in young animals is associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal infections. β-glucans exert numerous physiological effects, including altering immune function. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding barley (hordeum vulgare l.)-derived β-glucans on immune and intestinal function in weanling pigs (sus scrofa). thirty-one individually-housed dutch landrace pigs (21 d; initial bw, 6,298 ± 755 g) were weaned and fed a wheat-based diet (control) or a ...201222393029
Large-scale preparation and characterization of non-pegylated and pegylated superactive ovine leptin antagonist.Superactive ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA) was prepared by rational mutagenesis of the ovine leptin antagonist L39A/D40A/F41A mutant prepared previously in our lab by mutating wild type leptin to D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A. SOLA was expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies, refolded and purified to homogeneity (as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and analytical gel filtration) by ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was mono-pegylated at its N terminus by 20-kDa linear pegylation r ...201222040607
molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of the outer membrane protein p2 gene of haemophilus parasuis.haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in young pigs. but it is difficult to develop universal serological diagnostic tools and effective vaccines against this disease because of the serovar diversity of the isolates. in this study, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction, were performed to investigate the gene profile of 111 isolates of h. parasuis from china. an ...201121945800
[Study on the relationship between the expression of BPI gene and Escherichia coli F18 infection in piglets].Based on the established resource populations of Sutai pig, the expression of BPI gene was assayed by Real-time PCR to detect the tissue expression and analyze the differential expression between Escherichia coli F18-resistant and sensitive piglets. This study aimed at providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the role BPI gene in host immunity and resistance to E. coli F18. The results showed that the expression of BPI gene was extremely low or undetectable in tissues including ...201122120078
transferable integrons of gram-negative bacteria isolated from the gut of a wild boar in the buffer zone of a national park.the aim of this study was to determine the presence of integron-bearing gram-negative bacteria in the gut of a wild boar (sus scrofa l.) shot in the buffer zone of a national park. five gram-negative strains of escherichia coli, serratia odorifera, hafnia alvei and pseudomonas sp. were isolated. four of these strains had class 2 integrase (inti2), and one harbored class 1 integrase (inti1). the integron-positive strains were multiresistant, i.e., resistant to at least three unrelated antibiotics ...201122661922
the surface-localised α-enolase of mycoplasma suis is an adhesion protein.mycoplasma suis belongs to the haemotrophic mycoplasmas which colonise red blood cells of a wide range of vertebrates. adhesion to red blood cells is the crucial step in the unique lifecycle of m. suis. due to the lack of a cultivation system, identification of adhesion structures has been difficult. so far, only one adhesion protein, i.e. msg1 was identified. in order to determine further adhesion molecules of m. suis, we screened genomic m. suis libraries and performed southern blot hybridisat ...201122047714
Electrotransformation of Haemophilus parasuis with in vitro modified DNA based on a novel shuttle vector.The objective of the present study was to establish a valid transformation method of Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, using a novel H. parasuis-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. A 4.2kb endogenous plasmid pYC93 was extracted from an H. parasuis field isolate and completely sequenced. Analysis of pYC93 revealed a region approximately 800bp showing high homology with the defined replication origin oriV of pLS88, a native plasmid identified in Haemophilus ducre ...201121925811
comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding inca/c plasmids from commensal and pathogenic escherichia coli from multiple animal sources.incompatibility group a/c (inca/c) plasmids have received recent attention for their broad host range and ability to confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. due to the potential spread of multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotypes from foodborne pathogens to human pathogens, the dissemination of these plasmids represents a public health risk. in this study, four animal-source inca/c plasmids isolated from escherichia coli were sequenced and analyzed, including isolates from commercial dai ...201121858108
Coarse, but not finely ground, dietary fibre increases intestinal Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and reduces diarrhoea induced by experimental infection in piglets.Using dietary fibre to control childhood diarrhoea has rarely been discussed. However, dietary fibre is being proposed to prevent diarrhoea in piglets. The present study aimed to study the effects of introducing fibre in the post-weaning piglet diet and its particle size on the intestinal ecosystem before and after an experimental infection with Escherichia coli. A total of thirty-six post-weaning piglets were assigned to four experimental diets: a negative control (NC) diet, the same diet with ...201122018207
identification and antimicrobial resistance of microflora colonizing feral pig (sus scrofa) of brazilian pantanal.antimicrobial resistance of bacteria is a worldwide problem affecting wild life by living with resistant bacteria in the environment. this study presents a discussion of outside factors environment on microflora of feral pigs (sus scrofa) from brazilian pantanal. animals had samples collected from six different body sites coming from two separated geographic areas, nhecolandia and rio negro regions. with routine biochemical tests and commercial kits 516 bacteria were identified, with 240 gram-po ...201124031689
identification and antimicrobial resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli from retail meats.extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) causes a variety of infections outside the gastrointestinal tract. retail meats are frequently contaminated with e. coli strains, and they might serve as a vehicle for transmitting expec. a total of 1,275 e. coli isolates recovered from ground beef, ground turkey, chicken breasts, and pork chops obtained in georgia, maryland, oregon, and tennessee in 2006 were investigated for the presence of expec by using multiplex pcr. identified expec isola ...201121219761
bacterial biosensors for evaluating potential impacts of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in multiple species.to study the effects and possible mechanisms of suspected endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs), a wide variety of assays have been developed. in this work, we generated engineered escherichia coli biosensor strains that incorporate the ligand-binding domains (lbds) of the β-subtype estrogen receptors (erβ) from solea solea (sole), and sus scrofa (pig). these strains indicate the presence of ligands for these receptors by changes in growth phenotype, and can differentiate agonist from antagonist ...201121544920
inactivation of pathogens on pork by steam-ultrasound treatment.the objective of the study was to evaluate a new pathogen inactivation concept that combines application of pressurized steam simultaneously with high-power ultrasound through a series of nozzles. on skin and meat surfaces of pork jowl samples, counts of total viable bacteria were reduced by 1.1 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 1 s and by 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 4 s. the mean reduction of 1.7 to 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) on the skin surface was significantly higher than the reduction of 1 ...201121549047
impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in vietnam.integrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. however, antimicrobial resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. in an experimental pig-fish farm located in peri-urban hanoi, vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 μg/kg pig weight/day of tetr ...201121602395
dissemination of the rmtb gene carried on incf and incn plasmids among enterobacteriaceae in a pig farm and its environment.to investigate the prevalence and characterization of 16s rrna methylase-producing bacteria in a pig farm and its environment in east china.201121852287
Association Between Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Animals and Blood Stream Isolates from Humans in Europe: An Ecological Study.Abstract Background: In addition to medical antimicrobial usage, the use of antimicrobials in food animals contributes to the occurrence of resistance among some bacterial species isolated from infections in humans. Recently, several studies have indicated that a large proportion of Escherichia coli causing infections in humans, especially those resistant to antimicrobials, have an animal origin. Methods: We analyzed the correlation between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. co ...201121883007
microbial removal from the separated liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands.the aim was to investigate microbial removal from the liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands (icw's) over a 13 month period. four treatments were investigated: t1 (standard), t2 (effluent recycling), t3 (high nutrient loading), and t4 (high flow rate). mean counts of yeasts and moulds and spore-forming bacteria were higher in t3 and t4 than in t1 and t2 (p<0.05). flow through the cells reduced mean counts of coliform, yeasts and moulds ...201121852121
structural insights into the activation and inhibition of histo-aspartic protease from plasmodium falciparum.histo-aspartic protease (hap) from plasmodium falciparum is a promising target for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. the sequence of hap is highly similar to those of pepsin-like aspartic proteases, but one of the two catalytic aspartates, asp32, is replaced with histidine. crystal structures of the truncated zymogen of hap and of the complex of the mature enzyme with inhibitor kni-10395 have been determined at 2.1 and 2.5 å resolution, respectively. as in other proplasmepsins, the pr ...201121928835
seroprevalence study in forestry workers from eastern germany using novel genotype 3- and rat hepatitis e virus-specific immunoglobulin g elisas.hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of an acute self-limiting hepatitis in humans. in industrialized countries, autochthonous cases are linked to zoonotic transmission from domestic pigs, wild boar and red deer. the main route of human infection presumably is consumption of contaminated meat. farmers, slaughterers and veterinarians are expected to be risk groups as they work close to potentially infected animals. in this study, we tested four escherichia coli-expressed segments of the ...201122179131
Detection of clinically important {beta}-lactamases in commensal Escherichia coli of human and swine origin in western China.Data correlating ß-lactamases found in commensal E. coli of human and animal origin are limited. In this study, a total of 447 commensal E. coli from feces of humans and swine (280 human isolates from 4 hospitals and 167 swine isolates from 7 farms) were collected between September 2006 and January 2009 in western China. For ESBL-producing and other cephalosporin-resistant isolates, relevant ß-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1/2/9-group, blaCMY-2, and blaKPC) were detected by PCR analy ...201121940649
chlortetracycline-resistant intestinal bacteria in organically-raised and feral swine.organically-raised swine had high fecal populations of chlortetracycline (ctc)-resistant (growing at 64 ++g ctc/ml) escherichia coli, megasphaera elsdenii and anaerobic bacteria. by comparison, ctc-resistant bacteria in feral swine feces were over 1000-fold fewer and exhibited lower taxonomic diversity.201121821750
Association of B3GNT5 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to ETEC F4ab/ac in the White Duroc × Erhualian Intercross and 15 Outbred Pig Breeds.The B3GNT5 gene is a candidate for the F4ab/ac receptor conferring susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ab/ac in pigs. In this study, we screened mutations in the complete coding region of the porcine B3GNT5 gene and identified four SNPs in the 3' untranslated regions. We genotyped the four SNPs across a large-scale White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian F (2) resource population (total F (2) = 755) and 292 purebred piglets representing 1 ...201121956797
using fluorine nmr to probe changes in structure and dynamics of membrane-active peptides interacting with lipid bilayers.the antimicrobial peptide msi-78 serves as a model system for studying interactions of bio-active peptides with membranes. using a series of msi-78 peptides that incorporate l-4,4,4-trifluoroethylglycine, a small and sensitive 19f nmr probe, we investigated how the local structure and dynamics of the peptide changes on binding the lipid bilayer. the fluorinated msi-78 analogs exhibited position-specific changes in 19f chemical shift ranging from +1.28 to -1.35 ppm upon binding to lipid bicelles. ...201121644540
evaluation of m307 of fut1 gene as a genetic marker for disease resistance breeding of sutai pigs.alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (fut1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for controlling the expression of the receptor for etec f18. the genetic variations in the position of m307 nucleotide in open reading frame of fut1 have been proposed as a marker for selecting etec f18 resistant pigs. the polymorphisms of m307 in fut1 of breeding base group for etec f18 resistance of sutai pigs (duroc × meishan) was detected and their correlations to some immune indexes, growth and development ab ...201121769474
effects of fut1 gene mutation on resistance to infectious disease.alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (fut1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for regulating the expression of escherichia coli f18 receptor gene (ecf18r) which promotes adherence of enterotoxigenic (etec) and verotoxigenic (vtec) escherichia coli (e. coli) via f18 fimbriae. in order to illustrate the polymorphisms of fut1 and their effects on resistance to natural infection by porcine respiratory and reproductive symdrome virus (prrsv) and haemophilus parasuis, the distributions of differe ...201121695432
antimicrobial resistance in enteric pathogens isolated from minnesota pigs from 1995 to 2004.this study investigated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of escherichia coli and salmonella sp. isolated from swine samples submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory (mvdl) in saint paul, minnesota from 1995 to 2004. during this time period, a total of 5072 e. coli and 2793 salmonella sp. was isolated. most of these isolates were found to be resistant to the tetracycline and beta-lactam group of antibiotics. resistance to spectinomycin was also frequently ob ...201121731182
efficacy of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance and noxious gas emission in growing pigs.we investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics (synbiotics) on growth performance, noxious gas emission and fecal pathogenic bacteria populations in growing pigs. the basal diet, which contained approximately 25% corn, 24% whey, 12% wheat and 12% soybean meal, was supplemented alternatively with 0.15% antibiotics (us diet), prebiotics and 0.2% probiotics from anaerobic bacteria (bs diet), yeast (ys diet), mold (ms diet) or compounds (cs diet). one hundred and ...201121729207
characterisation of five candidate genes within the etec f4ab/ac candidate region in pigs.abstract:201121718470
the preference for water nipples vs. water bowls in dairy goats.previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. the aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls.201121939533
escherichia coli diversity in livestock manures and agriculturally impacted stream waters.escherichia coli (e. coli) isolate diversity enhances the likelihood of survival, spread, and/or transmission of the organism among environments. understanding the ecology of this important organism is requisite for development of more accurate protocols for monitoring and regulatory purposes. in this study, e. coli diversity, gene profiles and transport properties of isolates from different livestock and water sources were evaluated. strain diversity was evaluated by box-pcr, phylotyping, and p ...201121874589
assessment of levels of bacterial contamination of large wild game meat in europe.the variations in prevalence and levels of pathogens and fecal contamination indicators in large wild game meat were studied to assess their potential impact on consumers. this analysis was based on hazard analysis, data generation and statistical analysis. a total of 2919 meat samples from three species (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) were collected at french game meat traders' facilities using two sampling protocols. information was gathered on the types of meat cuts (forequarter or haunch; fi ...201121569954
reduced-oxidized difference spectral analysis and chemiluminescence-based scatchard analysis demonstrate selective binding of myeloperoxidase to microbes.myeloperoxidase (mpo), a microbicidal haloperoxidase of neutrophil leukocytes, was observed to selectively bind to bacteria. binding was quantified by dithionite-reduced minus oxidized (r-o) difference spectral analysis. escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa showed large mpo binding by r-o difference spectral analysis, whereas streptococcus sanguinis did not. for increased sensitivity, free and microbe-bound mpo and chloroperoxidase (cpo) activities were quantified by acid-optimum halopero ...201121681911
adherence of escherichia coli o157:h7 to epithelial cells in vitro and in pig gut loops is affected by bacterial culture conditions.the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of bacterial culture conditions on adherence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 strain 86-24 in vivo to pig enterocytes and to compare the results with adherence in vitro to cultured hep-2 and ipec-j2 cells. growth of o157:h7 in macconkey broth (mb) resulted in almost no adherence to both hep-2 and ipec-j2 cells; prior exposure of the bacteria to ph 2.5 reduced adherence. there was greater adherence by bacteria from stat ...201121731177
antimicrobial resistances of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli isolates from swine in china.antibiograms and relevant genotypes of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) isolates (n = 315) recovered between 2004 and 2007 in china were assessed. among the 14 antimicrobials tested, the most prevalent resistance was to ampicillin, trimethoprim, sulfadimidine, tetracycline, neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (ranging from 81.9 to 100%). forty-six multiresistant patterns were found. for each antimicrobial agent, ampicillin resistance was prim ...201121237262
differentiation of fecal escherichia coli from human, livestock, and poultry sources by rep-pcr dna fingerprinting on the shellfish culture area of east china sea.the rep-pcr dna fingerprinting performed with rep, box a1r, and (gtg)(5) primers was investigated as a way to differentiate between human, livestock, and poultry sources of fecal pollution on the area of xiangshan bay, east china sea. of the three methods, the box-pcr dna fingerprints analyzed by jack-knife algorithm were revealed high rate of correct classification (rcc) with 91.30, 80.39, 89.39, 86.14, 93.24, 87.72, and 89.28% of human, cattle, swine, chicken, duck, sheep, and goose e. coli is ...201121279641
molecular cloning, characterization, and immunolocalization of two lactate dehydrogenase homologous genes from taenia solium.two novel genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase a (ldha) and b (ldhb) homologues, respectively, were identified from the cdna libraries of adult taenia solium (t. solium). the two deduced amino acid sequences both show more than 50% identity to the homologues for danio rerio, xenopus laevis, schistosoma japonicum, sus scrofa, homo sapiens, et al. the identity of the amino acid sequence between tsldha and tsldhb is 57.4%, and that of the nucleotide sequence is 61.5%. recombinant tsldha homologue ( ...201121331787
bacteriocinogeny in experimental pigs treated with indomethacin and escherichia coli nissle.to evaluate bacteriocinogeny in short-term high-dose indomethacin administration with or without probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn) in experimental pigs.201121350709
characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from meat and milk products of different origins and association with food producing animals as main contamination sources.shiga toxin-producing strains of escherichia coli (stec) cause diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis in humans. most human infections are attributed to consumption of stec contaminated foodstuff. food producing animals constitute important reservoirs of stec and serve as source of food contamination. in this study, we have analyzed 593 foodborne stec strains for their serotypes and for nine virulence genes (stx1, stx1c, stx1d, stx2, stx2b, stx2e, stx2g, e-hly and eae). the 593 stec strains grouped ...201121371769
Arcanolysin is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of the human pathogen Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis, wound infections, and a variety of occasional invasive diseases. Since its initial discovery in 1946, this Gram positive organism has been known to have hemolytic activity, yet no hemolysin has been previously reported. A. haemolyticum also displays variable hemolytic activity on laboratory blood agar that is dependent upon which species the blood is derived.201122029628
e. coli nissle 1917 affects salmonella adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells.the probiotic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (ecn) has been shown to interfere in a human in vitro model with the invasion of several bacterial pathogens into epithelial cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known.201121379575
related antimicrobial resistance genes detected in different bacterial species co-isolated from swine fecal samples.a potential factor leading to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (ar) in bacteria is the horizontal transfer of resistance genes between bacteria in animals or their environment. to investigate this, swine fecal samples were collected on-farm and cultured for escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., and enterococcus spp. which are all commonly found in swine. forty-nine of the samples from which all four bacteria were recovered were selected yielding a total of 196 isolates ...201121385089
application of classification and regression tree (cart) analysis on the microflora of minced meat for classification according to reg. (ec) 2073/2005.in a retrospective study on the microbiology of minced meat from small food businesses supplying directly to the consumer, the relative contribution of meat supplier, meat species and outlet where meat was minced was assessed by "classification and regression tree" (cart) analysis. samples (n=888) originated from 129 outlets of a single supermarket chain. sampling units were 4-5 packs (pork, beef, and mixed pork-beef). total aerobic counts (tacs) were 5.3-¦1.0 log cfu/g. in 75.6% of samples, e. ...201121388752
distribution of ten antibiotic resistance genes in e. coli isolates from swine manure, lagoon effluent and soil collected from a lagoon waste application field.the prevalence of ten antibiotic resistance genes (args) was evaluated in a total of 616 escherichia coli isolates from swine manure, swine lagoon effluent, and from soils that received lagoon effluent on a commercial swine farm site in sampson county, north carolina (usa). isolates with args coding for streptomycin/spectinomycin (aada/stra and strb), tetracycline (teta and tetb), and sulfonamide (sul1) occurred most frequently (60.6-91.3%). the occurrence of e. coli isolates that carried aada, ...201121445627
plasma concentrations resulting from florfenicol preparations given to pigs in their drinking water.florfenicol administered through the drinking water has been recommended as a metaphylactic antibacterial drug to control outbreaks of respiratory diseases in pigs caused by strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida, yet it is difficult to pinpoint in practice when the drug is given metaphylactically or therapeutically. further, pigs are likely to reject florfenicol-medicated water, and plasma concentrations of the drug are likely to be marginal for diseases caused by ...201121454858
serotypes, virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli isolates from pigs.one hundred two pathogenic escherichia coli isolates from diseased pigs were analyzed for serotypes, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and the molecular basis of phenicol resistance. of these 102 e. coli isolates, 101 were typeable and belonged to 27 different o serogroups. however, 69% of these isolates belonged to one of the following eight serogroups: o8, o54, o64, o65, o92, o108, o119, and o120. serogroups o8 (23%) and o64 (10%) were the most prevalent among typeable isolates. h ...201121457048
high prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in china.escherichia coli play an important ecological role within resistant bacteria populations, and can be used as a bio-indicator of antimicrobial resistance. the aim of the present study was to use this feature of e. coli to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the degree of cross-species transmission of bacteria in pigs and poultry in china. a total of 592 e. coli strains, isolated from pigs and poultry (healthy and diseased animals), were tested for resistance to 22 antimicro ...201119926317
prevalence of stx phages in environments of a pig farm and lysogenic infection of the field e. coli o157 isolates with a recombinant converting phage.the prevalence and nature of shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) and stx phage were investigated in 720 swine fecal samples randomly collected from a commercial breeding pig farm in china over a 1-year surveillance period. eight stec o157 (1.1%), 33 stec non-o157 (4.6%), and two stx-negative o157 (0.3%) isolates were identified. fecal filtrates were screened directly for stx phages using e. coli k-12 derivative strains mc1061 as indicator, yielding 15 stx1 and 57 stx2 phages. one ...201120697714
prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california.a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ...201121378057
plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and +¦-lactamases in escherichia coli from healthy animals from nigeria.the animal reservoir of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) and +¦-lactamases is still controversial and little information is available on the prevalence of these resistance determinants in developing countries. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize pmqr and +¦-lactamases in a collection of commensal ampicillin-resistant escherichia coli isolated from healthy chickens and pigs at slaughter, collected in november-december 2006, in ibadan, nigeria.201121393162
establishment of a secondary infection model of severe acute pancreatitis in swine.develop a swine model of secondary infection in severe acute pancreatitis (sap).201120938368
production of recombinant porcine interferon alpha using phb-intein-mediated protein purification strategy.interferons (ifns) are involved in the pathogenesis and recovery of viral and other infectious diseases. recombinant ifns have been used as anti-infectious agents exhibiting a broad range of antiviral and immunomodulatory properties in both human and domestic animals. in this report, we describe a highly efficient and economical approach to purify porcine ifn alpha (poifnα) using polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) as the affinity carrier and intein for self-cleaving removal of the affinity tag. additiona ...201020957450
an elisa based on a truncated soluble orf2 protein for the detection of pcv2 antibodies in domestic pigs.postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the capsid protein (cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a pcv2 infection. in the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tcelisa) based on a truncated soluble cap protein produced in escherichi ...201020960293
purification and characterization of the subtilisin-like protease of streptococcus suis that contributes to its virulence.streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen that is responsible for severe infections such as meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia. s. suis is also recognized as a zoonotic agent and expresses several virulence factors. the recently identified subtilisin-like protease (sspa) of s. suis plays an important role in the pathogenicity of this bacterium in animal models. the objective of the present study was to clone, purify, and characterize the sspa of serotype 2 s. suis p1/7. the ssu0757 gene ...201021030165
salmonella enterica and escherichia coli harboring blacmy in retail beef and pork products.we estimated the proportion of retail beef and pork products containing bla(cmy)-mediated third-generation cephalosporin resistance in commensal escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. samples were obtained from 50 grocery stores located in two u.s. states. from each store, 20 fresh meat products were purchased, including 7 packages of ground beef, 3 packages of beef steak, 6 packages of pork chops, and 4 packages of pork ribs. the resulting 1000 packages of fresh meat product were individuall ...201021034230
effects of rosiglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, on intestinal damage induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in weaned pigs.to determine whether rosiglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) γ, could alleviate intestinal damage induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) in weaned pigs.201021034324
use of barcoded pyrosequencing and shared otus to determine sources of fecal bacteria in watersheds.while many current microbial source tracking (mst) methods rely on the use of specific molecular marker genes to identify sources of fecal contamination, these methods often fail to determine all point and nonpoint contributors of fecal inputs into waterways. in this study, we developed a new library-dependent mst method that uses pyrosequencing-derived shared operational taxonomy units (otus) to define sources of fecal contamination in waterways. a total 56,841 pyrosequencing reads of 16s rdna ...201020853824
efficacy of a novel virulence gene-deleted salmonella typhimurium vaccine for protection against salmonella infections in growing piglets.we have previously developed a novel attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) δcpxr δlon vaccine. this study was carried out to examine whether this vaccine could effectively protect growing piglets against salmonella infection. attenuated s. typhimurium secreting the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin was also used as a mucosal adjuvant. pregnant sows in groups a and b were primed and boosted with the vaccine and mucosal adjuvant, whereas sows in groups c, d and e r ...201020869776
the porcine muc20 gene: molecular characterization and its association with susceptibility to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli f4ab/ac.enterotoxigenic eschoerchia coli (etec) f4 is a major cause of diarrhea in neonatal and young pigs. the locus encoding intestinal receptor for etec f4ab/ac has been mapped to pig chromosome (ssc) 13q41. we previously assigned mucin 20 (muc20) to ssc13q41 and considered it a candidate for the etec f4ab/ac receptor. in this study, the full-length mrna sequence of the porcine muc20 gene was determined, revealing two muc20 alternative transcripts differing in an 18-bp deletion in the open reading fr ...201020890662
pyelonephritis in slaughter pigs and sows: morphological characterization and aspects of pathogenesis and aetiology.pyelonephritis is a serious disease in pig production that needs to be further studied. the purpose of this study was to describe the morphology, investigate the pathogenesis, and evaluate the aetiological role of escherichia coli in pyelonephritis in slaughtered pigs by concurrent bacteriological, gross and histopathological examinations.201020704704
endothelin-mediated gut microcirculatory dysfunction during porcine endotoxaemia.the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the microcirculatory dysfunction seen in sepsis. the mixed endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan and the selective endothelin a-receptor antagonist tbc3711 were used to investigate the importance of the different endothelin receptors in modulating splanchnic regional blood flow and microvascular blood flow in endotoxaemia.201020710019
molecular identification of the gene encoding porcine tristetraprolin (ttp).tristetraprolin (ttp) is a ccch tandem zinc finger protein that can bind to and destabilize certain mrnas containing au-rich element (are) binding sites. in this study, a novel porcine cdna has been isolated by expressed sequence tag assembly and subsequently confirmed by rt-pcr analysis, and designated porcine ttp (pottp). the open reading frame of the pottp cdna is 981 bp, encoding 326 amino acids. the pottp gene is approximately 2.5 kb in size and contains a single intron. southern blotting a ...201020721683
effect of extracted housefly pupae peptide mixture on chilled pork preservation.the peptide mixture from housefly pupae has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity but has not previously been reported as a food preservative. in this study, the preservation effects of a housefly pupae peptide mixture, nisin, and sodium dehydroacetate (dha-s) on the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab), total volatile basic nitrogen (tvb-n), and ph value of chilled pork were compared. all results showed that a good preservation effect was observed among 3 treatments with the peptide mixt ...201020722941
application of high pressure processing to reduce verotoxigenic e. coli in two types of dry-fermented sausage.the effect of high pressure processing (hpp) on the survival of verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) in two types of norwegian type dry-fermented sausages was studied. two different types of recipes for each sausage type were produced. the sausage batter was inoculated with 6.8 log(10) cfu/g of vtec o103:h25. after fermentation, drying and maturation, slices of finished sausages were vacuum packed and subjected to two treatment regimes of hpp. one group was treated at 600 mpa for 10 min and ano ...201020832952
[construction of an infectious clone of pseudorabies virus strain zj genome maintained as a bacterial artificial chromosome].pha2 plasmid sequence,with bacterial artificial chromosome(bac) vector and the gfp expression cassette, was introduced into the ul23(tk) gene of pseudorabies virus(prv)strain zj by homologous recombination,and the recombinant prv (rprv-ha2) was confirmed and isolated by plaque purification. the circular genome of rprv-ha2 was electroporated into escherichia coli strain dh10b and then the prv bac (pprv) was recovered. the transfection of pprv into veroe6 cells resulted in productive infection. th ...201020836388
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