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serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus and schmallenberg virus infections in relation to reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in ethiopia.reproductive disorders in dairy cattle have been noted to be common in urban and peri-urban dairy production system in ethiopia. the available reports on the causes of these disorders, however, are not conclusive. a case-control study was designed to investigate the possible association of major reproductive disorders in dairy cattle with exposure status to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and schmallenberg virus (sbv). cows with history of abortion/stillbirth wer ...201829217378
comparison of interferon and bovine herpesvirus-1-specific iga levels in nasal secretions of dairy cattle administered an intranasal modified live viral vaccine prior to calving or on the day of calving.thirty-two holstein cows were allocated to receive intranasal vaccination with modified live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi3v) vaccine either two weeks prior to their projected calving date, or within 24h after calving. nasal secretions were collected twice at a 12-h interval on the day prior to vaccination (day 0) and at 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14days post vaccination to measure interferon (ifn) alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma, and ...201728494927
herd-level prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases of dairy cows in great britain.to implement appropriate and effective disease control programs at the national level, up-to-date and unbiased information on disease frequency is needed. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases in the population of dairy herds in great britain. bulk milk tank (bmt) samples from 225 randomly selected dairy farms, stratified by region and herd size, were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 ...201728843682
prevalence of individual and bulk tank milk antibodies of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and its relation to milk quality parameters on dairy farms in catalonia (north-east spain).bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) is the causative agent for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cows or balanoposthitis in bulls. in this study, individual and bulk tank milk (btm) samples from 5 catalan dairy farms with different control strategies against bohv-1 were analysed during the course of a year for milk quality parameters and glycoprotein e (ge) antibodies. detection of ge antibodies was carried out with elisa techniques. prevalence of bohv-1 ...201728761669
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
seroprevalence study of the main causes of abortion in dairy cattle in morocco.sera from 221 cattle were collected in 25 farms in morocco to investigate the evidence and circulation of some of the main bovine abortive agents in the dairy cattle farming, where abortions are often reported. all sera were examined for brucellosis, 176 for neosporosis, 88 for leptospirosis, and 42 for bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd/md), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, ibr/ipv), and bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) infections (at least 1 sample per herd). abortions wer ...201727033527
tickborne fever associated with abortion outbreak in dairy cows.anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in aborting cows on rough grazinglead poisoning in bullockspersistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection and colisepticaemia in a 20-hour-old calfabortion due to bovine herpesvirus 1 in a four-year-old cowtickborne fever in lambsinfectious sinusitis due to mycoplasma gallisepticum in pheasants these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for may 2016 from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs).201627550334
reduced humoral immunity and atypical cell-mediated immunity in response to vaccination in cows naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus.bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a retrovirus that is widely distributed across us dairy herds: over 83% of herds are blv-infected and within-herd infection rates can approach 50%. blv infection reduces both animal longevity and milk production and can interfere with normal immune health. with such a high prevalence of blv infection in dairy herds, it is essential to understand the circumstances by which blv negatively affects the immune system of infected cattle. to address this question, blv- an ...201627863543
effect of high-pressure processing of bovine colostrum on immunoglobulin g concentration, pathogens, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves.this study aimed to determine the effects of high-pressure processing on the immunoglobulin concentration, microbial load, viscosity, and transfer of passive immunity to calves when applied to bovine colostrum as an alternative to thermal pasteurization. a pilot study using staphylococcus aureus was conducted to determine which pressure-time treatments are most appropriate for use with bovine colostrum, with the goals of maximizing bacterial inactivation while minimizing igg content and viscosit ...201627638265
comparison of reproductive performance of primiparous dairy cattle following revaccination with either modified-live or killed multivalent viral vaccines in early lactation.the objective of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the effect of revaccination in primiparous dairy cows with modified live viral (mlv) or killed viral (kv) vaccines containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) on (1) pregnancy rate following estrus synchronization-timed artificial insemination (tai), (2) serum progesterone concentrations, and (3) serum neutralizing antibody titers at revaccination and at tai. primiparous dairy cows (n=692) that had ...201526454300
effect of vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1 with inactivated ge-negative marker vaccines on the health of dairy cattle herds.the aim of this study was to estimate the effect of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) vaccination on herd health and production in bhv-1 infected estonian dairy cattle herds. seven herds vaccinated with inactivated ge-negative bhv-1 marker vaccines and seven matched non-vaccinated herds were selected. in vaccinated herds the calving interval was on average 7.01 days shorter compared to that in the non-vaccinated herds (coef=-7.01, 95% ci=-11.98, -2.03, p=0.008) during the study period (2007-2012) ...201525662288
association of histophilus somni with spontaneous abortions in dairy cattle herds from brazil.this study investigated the participation of infectious agents in spontaneous abortions and reproductive problems at eight dairy cattle herds from three geographical regions of brazil. fourteen aborted fetuses and the organ sections of one cow with history of repeated abortions were received for pathological evaluations and molecular diagnostics. pcr/rt-pcr assays targeted specific genes of abortifacient agents of cattle: bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), listeri ...201525480485
effects of vaccination against reproductive diseases on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows submitted to ai.four experiments evaluated the effects of vaccination against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and leptospira spp. on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows without (experiments 1, 2, and 3) or with previous vaccination against these diseases (experiment 4). cows were assigned to a fixed-time ai protocol (ftai; d -11 to 0) in all experiments, as well as ai 12 h upon estrus detection in experiment 3. pregnancy status was determined with transrectal ultr ...201323357089
seroprevalence of bhv-1 (bovine herpesvirus type 1) among non-vaccinated dairy cattle herds with respiratory disorders.the objective of this study was to estimate a herd-level seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) in herds with clinical symptoms of the respiratory tract. eighty-three herds with suspected bhv-1 infection were selected and divided into two categories with respect to their size: small (n = 27) and large herds (n = 56). samples were collected from calves, heifers and cows older than 24 months. seroprevalence was determined using the gb elisa test. the herd level seroprevalence was esti ...201223214379
the effects of viral vaccination of dairy heifer calves on the incidence of respiratory disease, mortality, and growth.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is one of the most common infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in young dairy cattle. the objective of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the effectiveness of 1 or 2 doses of a 5-way, modified-live viral vaccine, administered to heifer calves before weaning to aid in the prevention of brd. the hypotheses were that vaccination would reduce the incidence of brd and mortality, and that 2 doses would be more effective than 1. a total of 2,874 hei ...201222959931
epidemiologically non-feasible singleton reactors at the final stage of bohv1 eradication: serological evidence of bohv2 cross-reactivity.a voluntary marker-independent bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv1) eradication program started in 1986; in 1998 it changed to a compulsory one. certification of free regions in european member states is based on article 10 of directive 64/432/eec. according to this rule bavaria is listed as free of bohv1 since october 2011. surveillance of bohv1-free dairy cattle farms is currently performed with quarterly bulk-milk testing. non-negative bulk-milk results must be confirmed by blood tests in cattle olde ...201222578637
survey of nine abortifacient infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses from dairy farms in beijing, china, by pcr.abortion in dairy cattle causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry. aborted fetuses and samples from the corresponding aborting dams from 12 dairy herds in beijing were tested for 9 abortifacient infectious pathogens by pcr between 2008 and 2010. from a total of 80 abortion cases collected during this period, infectious agents were detected in 45 (56.3%) cases, 22 (48.9%) of which represented co-infections with two or three infectious agents. the detected pathogens included infec ...201222366134
association of herd brsv and bhv-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease and reproductive performance in adult dairy cattle.the aim of this study was to detect the associations between bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) status of a herd and respiratory disease (brd) occurrence and reproductive performance in pregnant heifers and cows. the association between management-related factors and higher brd occurrence was also estimated.201222289165
molecular and in vitro characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1.bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. the aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) bohv-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. it was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts. in some cases the cytopathic effect was visible 12 hours post-inoculation, and became ...201222270804
development and evaluation of a luminex multiplex serology assay to detect antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, with comparison to existing elisa detection methods.detection of circulating antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) using elisa is widely used for veterinary diagnostics and surveillance. in this paper, the potential of a multiplex serology test based on luminex technology, where all antibodies are simultaneously detected in a single assay was investigated. the performance of "in-house" separate elisas which use relatively crude l ...201121277304
inhibition of mouse tap by immune evasion molecules encoded by non-murine herpesviruses.herpesviruses escape elimination by cytotoxic t lymphocytes through specific interference with the antigen-presenting function of mhc class i (mhc i) molecules. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) forms a bottleneck in the mhc i antigen presentation pathway. the fact that multiple viruses, especially herpesviruses, encode molecules blocking tap function is a case in point. the action of these viral immuno evasins is usually potent and very specific, making these proteins val ...201121292324
regulation of promyelocytic leukemia (pml) protein levels and cell morphology by bovine herpesvirus 1 infected cell protein 0 (bicp0) and mutant bicp0 proteins that do not localize to the nucleus.bhv-1 is an important pathogen of cattle. the infected cell protein 0 (bicp0) encoded by bhv-1 is an important regulatory protein because it is constitutively expressed and can activate all viral promoters. the mechanism by which bicp0 activates viral promoters is not well understood because bicp0 does not appear to be a sequence specific binding protein. a c(3)hc(4) zinc ring (really interesting novel gene) motif at the n-terminus of bicp0 has e3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which is important fo ...201121215282
detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from brazilian bulls.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are important pathogens of the respiratory and genital tract of cattle and may also affect the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis. both virus types are estimated to be widely distributed in southern brazil. in the present study, bohv-1 and/or bohv-5 dna were detected in bovine semen samples from two states of brazil by two species-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (npcrs). these npcrs were used to assay 53 samples of fresh s ...201121247624
infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes.in contrast to mice or humans, cattle contain three beta interferon (ifn-ß) genes with distinct transcriptional promoters suggesting ifn-ß gene expression is not stimulated the same by different viruses. to test this hypothesis, we compared expression of the three ifn-ß subtypes after infection with a rna virus, sendai, versus a large dna virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). infection of low passage bovine kidney (bk) or established bovine kidney cells (crib) with sendai virus has consistently l ...201121316405
comparative analysis of replication characteristics of bohv-1 subtypes in bovine respiratory and genital mucosa explants: a phylogenetic enlightenment.abstract: in general, members of the alphaherpesvirinae use the epithelium of the upper respiratory and/or genital tract as a preferential site for primary replication. bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) may replicate at both sites and cause two major clinical entities designated as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis (ipv/ipb) in cattle. it has been hypothesized that subtype 1.1 invades preferentially the upper respiratory mucosa wherea ...201121324115
induction of specific cytotoxic activity for bovine herpesvirus-1 by dna immunization with different adjuvants.it is well documented that adjuvants improve the immune response generated by traditional viral vaccines; however, less is known about their effects on the immune response elicited by dna vaccines. in this study, we have investigated the use of adjuvants, and have analyzed the humoral and cellular specific immune responses elicited by dna vaccines based on the bohv-1 glycoprotein d (secreted version) in pcineo vector with and without montanide isa25 (o/w), isa206 vg (seppic) and cliptox™ (natura ...201121443903
development and validation of a triplex real-time pcr assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type and glycoprotein e-deleted vaccine strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1.two important components of control programs for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1), a major pathogen of cattle, are the detection of outbreaks and vaccination with glycoprotein e (ge)-deleted marker vaccines. in addition to serology, rapid and accurate investigation of bohv-1 and genetic differentiation of vaccine and wild-type strains are also important methods. therefore, a triplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for testing bohv-1 was developed. apart from a bohv-1 sp ...201121458493
biphasic activation of pi3k/akt and mapk/erk1/2 signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of mdbk cells.abstract: many viruses have been known to control key cellular signaling pathways to facilitate the virus infection. the possible involvement of signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) infection is unknown. this study indicated that infection of mdbk cells with bohv-1 induced an early-stage transient and a late-stage sustained activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and mitogen activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (mapk/erk1/2) ...201121492439
seroprevalence and risk factors associated to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds in ecuador.a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds from ecuador. a total of 2367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from june 2008 through february 2009. a questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures and environment was filled out in each herd. a commercial indirect elisa test was used to determine the ...201121501883
detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction.a multiplex real-time pcr was developed for the detection and differentiation of two closely related bovine herpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5). the multiplex real-time pcr combines a duplex real-time pcr that targets the dna polymerase gene of bohv-1 and bohv-5 and a real-time pcr targeting mitochondrial dna, as a house-keeping gene, described previously by cawthraw et al. (2009). the assay correctly identified 22 bohv-1 and six bohv-5 isolates from the biosecurity sciences laboratory virus ...201121540057
in vitro-generated interspecific recombinants between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 show attenuated replication characteristics and establish latency in the natural host.abstract: background: interspecific recombinant viruses r1deltagc and r2deltagi were isolated after in vitro co-infection with bohv-1 and bohv-5, two closely related alphaherpesviruses that infect cattle. the genetic characterization of r1deltagc and r2deltagi showed that they are composed of different sections of the parental genomes. the aim of this study was the characterization of the in vivo behavior of these recombinants in the natural host. results: four groups of four 3-month-old calves ...201121592326
protection from persistent infection with a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1b strain by a modified-live vaccine containing bvdv types 1a and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus.recent studies showed that bvdv-1b subgenotype is dominant in north and south american field bvdv isolates. however, nearly all commercially available bvdv-1 vaccines contain bvdv-1a strains. in order to study the efficacy of bvdv-1a vaccine against bvdv-1b infection, this study was designed to evaluate a modified-live vaccine (mlv) containing bvdv-1a and bvdv-2 strains for its efficacy in prevention of persistent infection of fetuses against bvdv-1b strain, when the heifers were vaccinated prio ...201121596076
analysis of the cell cycle regulatory protein (e2f1) after infection of cultured cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1).the e2f family of cellular transcription factors controls cell cycle progression and cell death. during cell cycle progression, activated cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (rb) protein, causing the release and activation of e2f family members. previous studies demonstrated that bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) productive infection increases e2f1 protein levels, the bicp0 early promoter is activated more than 100 fold by e2f1 or e2f2, and silencing e2f1 reduced the efficiency ...201121624405
the bovine herpesvirus type 1 envelope protein us9 acidic domain is crucial for anterograde axonal transport.in this study, we examined the functional role of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) us9 acidic domain residues 83-90 in the anterograde axonal transport of the virus in calves (natural host), rabbits, and in cultured neurons. a mutant virus strain lacking us9 residues 83-90 (bhv-1 us9 δ83-90) and the rescued virus (bhv-1 us9 r83-90) replicated efficiently in the nasal and ocular epithelium during primary infection and established latency in the trigeminal ganglia (tg). however, upon reactivation ...201121640524
preliminary association analysis of tlr9 gene polymorphisms and immune parameters in an italian holstein calves population.this preliminary study was aimed at evaluating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) on toll like receptor 9 (tlr9) gene and some immunological parameters in a population of italian holstein calves.201121645300
comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus-5 reference strains.bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and it is antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1. bohv-5 outbreaks are sporadic and restricted in their geographical distribution, being mostly detected in the southern hemisphere. the n569 and a663 strains are prototypes of the "a" and "b" subtypes of bohv-5, however, scarce information about their in vitro and in vivo properties is currently available.201121651813
development of a sandwich elisa for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1.to develop a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1).201121771677
structural and functional analysis of the tap-inhibiting ul49.5 proteins of varicelloviruses.viral infections are counteracted by virus-specific cytotoxic t cells that recognize the infected cell via mhc class i (mhc i) molecules presenting virus-derived peptides. the loading of the peptides onto mhc i molecules occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is facilitated by the peptide loading complex. a key player in this complex is the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap), which translocates the viral peptides from the cytosol into the er. herpesviruses have developed ...201121764135
comparison of elisa and virus neutralization test in assaying serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1. 201121692568
prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, non-vaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves.the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased veal calves was determined in 24 respiratory disease outbreaks in 15 herds in belgium. bacteria were cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs and seroconversion against viruses and mycoplasma bovis was determined on paired sera. at the individual calf level, mycoplasma species, mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida, were isolated from 70.5 per cent, 21.5 per cent and 26.0 per cent of swabs, respectively. at the herd level, the presence of ...201121831999
mammalian alphaherpesvirus mirnas.mammalian alphaherpesviruses are major causes of human and veterinary disease. during productive infection, these viruses exhibit complex and robust patterns of gene expression. these viruses also form latent infections in neurons of sensory ganglia in which productive cycle gene expression is highly repressed. both modes of infection provide advantageous opportunities for regulation by micrornas. thus far, published data regarding micrornas are available for six mammalian alphaherpesviruses. no ...201121736960
aspects of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in dairy and beef herds in the republic of ireland.infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) causes a wide range of disease manifestations, including respiratory disease and abortion, with world-wide distribution. the primary objective of the present study was to describe aspects of bhv-1 infection and control on irish farms, including herd-level seroprevalence (based on pooled sera) and vaccine usage.201121699677
cytoplasmic localized infected cell protein 0 (bicp0) encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 inhibits +¦ interferon promoter activity and reduces irf3 (interferon response factor 3) protein levels.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), an alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily member, establishes a life-long latent infection in sensory neurons. periodically, bhv-1 reactivates from latency, infectious virus is spread, and consequently virus transmission occurs. bhv-1 acute infection causes upper respiratory track infections and conjunctivitis in infected cattle. as a result of transient immune-suppression, bhv-1 infections can also lead to life-threatening secondary bacterial pneumonia that is referred to a ...201121689696
common, emerging, vector-borne and infrequent abortogenic virus infections of cattle.this review deals with the aetiology and the diagnosis of bovine viral abortion. while the abortion rates on beef and dairy cattle farms usually do not exceed 10%, significant economic losses because of abortion storms may be encountered. determining the cause of abortions is usually a challenge, and it generally remains obscure in more than 50% of the necropsy submitted foetuses. bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 are the most common viruses causally associated with bovine ab ...201121733134
using scenario tree modelling for targeted herd sampling to substantiate freedom from disease.abstract:201121843367
epizootiologic investigations of selected abortive agents in free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) in switzerland.in the early 2000s, several colonies of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) in switzerland ceased growing or began to decrease. reproductive problems due to infections with abortive agents might have negatively affected recruitment. we assessed the presence of selected agents of abortion in alpine ibex by serologic, molecular, and culture techniques and evaluated whether infection with these agents might have affected population densities. blood and fecal samples were collected from 651 ibex in 14 col ...201121719818
recombinant mva expressing secreted glycoprotein d of bohv-1 induces systemic and mucosal immunity in animal models.abstract bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) infection is distributed worldwide and the development of new tools to fight against this pathogen has become extremely important. in this work a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) vector expressing the secreted version of glycoprotein d, mva-gds, was obtained and evaluated as a candidate vaccine. first, the correct expression, antigenicity, and n-glycosylation of glycoprotein d were confirmed by molecular techniques. then mva-gds was used as ...201121830904
establishment of a novel ovine kidney cell line for isolation and propagation of viruses infecting domestic cloven-hoofed animal species.a sheep kidney-derived cell line, flk-n3, was successfully established after serial (>100) passages. persistent infection of this cell line with viruses and mycoplasma was not detected. the cells grew well and showed susceptibility to a wide variety of viruses derived from ovine, bovine, and porcine species, including orf virus, maedi visna virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2, bovine coronavirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bov ...201121695582
Serological evaluation of relationship between viral pathogens (BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3V, and Adeno3) and dairy calf pneumonia by indirect ELISA.In this study, viral pathogens associated with nine outbreaks of naturally occurring dairy calf pneumonia in Mashhad area of Khorasan Razavi province from September 2008 to May 2009 were assessed. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for examination. Acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from calves with signs of respiratory disease. Sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus ...201122198538
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 protein bICP0 represses the transcription of bISG15 in fetal bovine lung cells.The ubiquitin-like modifier bISG15 is an antiviral protein found in fetal bovine lung (FBL) cells. Bovine Herpesvirus 1(BHV-1), which is a viral pathogen of cattle, can infect FBL cells and induce cytopathic effects. Real-time PCR assays showed that BHV-1's infection could repress the basal or inducible transcription of bISG15 in FBL cells. It demonstrates that this repression effect depends on BHV-1 viral infection and new protein synthesis. Our previous work showed that bIRF-3 was the key fact ...201122160940
Development of a set of multiplex standard polymerase chain reaction assays for the identification of infectious agents from aborted bovine clinical samples.The current study describes the development of a set of 5 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection of abortive infection agents in bovine fetal tissues, including Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., and Campylobacter fetus (mPCR1); Hammondia heydorni, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii (mPCR2); Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila psittaci (mPCR3); Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum (mPCR4); and Bovine viral diarrhea virus ...201121908306
effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1.thirty-six angus and angus×simmental steers were fed one of three dietary treatments; (1) control (no supplemental b), (2) 5 mg supplemental b/kg, and (3) 15 mg supplemental b/kg for 47 days to determine the effects of dietary boron (b) on disease resistance following an inoculation with bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1). on day 34 of the study steers were inoculated intranasally with bhv-1. rectal temperatures began to elevate at day 2, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations increase ...201120493506
Theileria annulata-transformed cell lines are efficient antigen-presenting cells for in vitro analysis of CD8 T cell responses to bovine herpesvirus-1.ABSTRACT: Continuously growing cell lines infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata can readily be established by in vitro infection of leukocytes with the sporozoite stage of the parasite. The aim of the current study was to determine whether such transformed cell lines could be used as antigen presenting cells to analyse the antigenic specificity of bovine CD8 T cell responses to viral infections. Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), which is known to induce CD8 T cell responses, was u ...201122182243
serologic response to mannheimia haemolytica in calves concurrently inoculated with inactivated or modified-live preparations of m. haemolytica and viral combination vaccines containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1.to assess the serologic response of calves to inactivated and modified-live (ml) mannheimia haemolytica (mh) preparations given alone and concurrently with combination viral vaccines containing ml bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1).201122023134
antiviral properties of polysaccharides from agaricus brasiliensis in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1.natural products are an inexhaustible source of compounds with promising pharmacological activities, including antiviral action. in the present study, the antiviral potential of polysaccharide-peptide (pls) and an extracted β-glucan from agaricus brasiliensis were investigated in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in hep-2 cell cultures. the cytotoxicity (cc50) was assayed by the mtt method and the antiviral activity (ic50) was estimated by the plaque reduction assay. to study the ...201121978159
attenuation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 by deletion of its glycoprotein g and tk genes and protection against virulent viral challenge.to develop a novel vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) mutant was constructed by deleting the genes for glycoprotein g (gg) and thymidine kinase (tk) through homologous recombination. the resulting sequences for both genes were shown to be correct and a gg expression defect was also confirmed. a parallel study of the bohv-1 gg(-)/tk(-), ge(-)/tk(-) mutants and wild type (wt) in 31 calves was performed at three different doses, 4×10(5)pfu, 4×10 ...201121959327
response of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in calves with subclinical bovine viral diarrhea challenged with bovine herpesvirus-1.the aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) against secondary infections. for this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic strain of bvdv type-1 and challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv-1.1) was evaluated in comparison with healthy animals challenged only with bhv-1.1. the immune response was measured by serum concentrations of cytok ...201121856021
a single point mutation in framework region 3 of heavy chain affects viral neutralization dynamics of single-chain fv against bovine herpes virus type 1.we constructed functional recombinant single chain fv (scfv) against bovine herpes virus type 1 (bohv-1), aetiological agent of respiratory and genital diseases in cattle for which available vaccines do not provide adequate protection. the scfv against bohv-1 with 18 amino acid long flexible linker (scfv3-18l; monomeric form) recognized target antigen and, also, neutralized bohv-1 in vitro. a comparison with recombinant scfv with 7 amino acid linker against bohv-1 (scfv1-7l), capable of forming ...201121872632
cellular transcription factors induced in trigeminal ganglia during dexamethasone-induced reactivation from latency stimulate bovine herpesvirus 1 productive infection and certain viral promoters.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), an alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily member, establishes latency in sensory neurons. elevated corticosteroid levels, due to stress, reproducibly triggers reactivation from latency in the field. a single intravenous injection of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (dex) to latently infected calves consistently induces reactivation from latency. lytic cycle viral gene expression is detected in sensory neurons within six hours after dex treatment of latently infecte ...201122190728
association of herd bhv-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease in youngstock in estonian dairy cattle.the associations between herd bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) seroprevalence, along with other infectious and farm management factors with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in dairy calves and heifers, were investigated. serum samples from 103 dairy cattle herds were analyzed for antibodies against bhv-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and mycoplasma bovis (m. bovis). a questionnaire was used to record herd management practices. a high occurrence of re ...201122100246
use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 in frozen cattle and buffalo semen in india.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) infection in cattle and buffalo makes these animals life-long carriers of the virus which is intermittently excreted in semen. in the present study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was validated to screen frozen semen from cattle and buffalo for bohv-1 by amplification of the gb gene of the virus. analysing the intra- and inter-test variability, the assay was found to be highly reproducible. high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90.04%) of this real-t ...201121947969
regulation of the latency-reactivation cycle by products encoded by the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) latency-related gene.like other α-herpesvirinae subfamily members, the primary site for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) latency is ganglionic sensory neurons. periodically bhv-1 reactivates from latency, virus is shed, and consequently virus transmission occurs. transcription from the latency-related (lr) gene is readily detected in neurons of trigeminal ganglia (tg) of calves or rabbits latently infected with bhv-1. two micro-rnas and a transcript encompassing a small open reading frame (orf-e) located within the lr p ...201122139602
bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) ul49.5 luminal domain residues 30 to 32 are critical for mhc-i down-regulation in virus-infected cells.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) u(l)49.5 inhibits transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) and down-regulates cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules to promote immune evasion. we have constructed a bhv-1 u(l)49.5 cytoplasmic tail (ct) null and several u(l)49.5 luminal domain mutants in the backbone of wild-type bhv-1 or bhv-1 u(l)49.5 ct- null viruses and determined their relative tap mediated peptide transport inhibition and mhc-1 down- ...201122046246
Two micro-RNAs encoded within the BHV-1 latency related (LR) gene promote cell survival by interacting with RIG-I and stimulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) dependent transcription and beta-interferon signaling pathways.Sensory neurons latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) abundantly express the latency-related (LR) RNA. Genetic evidence indicates LR protein expression plays a role in the latency-reactivation cycle because a LR mutant virus that contains three stop codons downstream of the first ORF (ORF-2) does not reactivate from latency. The LR mutant virus induces higher levels of apoptotic neurons in trigeminal ganglia, and ORF2 interferes with apoptosis. Although ORF2 is important for the la ...201122130548
Pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus infections in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.).Herding semi-domesticated reindeer has economic and social value for Sami people in the northern territories of Fennoscandia. However, with the intensification of reindeer husbandry, interspecies transmission of pathogens between reindeer and domestic animals may become a problem, especially for countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Finland where pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus have been eradicated in domestic ruminants. This study, which included 1158 Swedish reindeer, showed relatively high pr ...201122078277
effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune response to multivalent vaccine administration in beef calves.the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral responses of calves receiving a viral vaccination. beef steer calves (n = 99; average bw = 316 ± 4.2 kg), seronegative for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus, genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) were sourced from 2 locations. all calves, except 15 non-vaccinated (sentinel) calves, received a single dose of a multivalent modified live vaccine (titanium 5; agrilabs, s ...201122178855
localization of sequences in a protein (orf2) encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 that inhibits apoptosis and interferes with notch1-mediated trans-activation of the bicp0 promoter.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection induces clinical symptoms in the upper respiratory tract, inhibits immune responses, and can result in life-threatening secondary bacterial infections. following acute infection, bhv-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia. periodically, reactivation from latency occurs, resulting in virus transmission. the latency-related (lr) rna is abundantly expressed in latently infected sensory neurons, suggesting that lr gene products regul ...201121937659
evaluation of safety and efficacy of dna vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) in calves.four dna vaccines against bohv-1 were evaluated for their efficacy in calves. twelve animals were divided into four groups which were injected with four different dna vaccines: pvax-tgd (vaccine a); pvax-tgd co-immunised with pvax-48cpg (vaccine b); pvax-ubilaci-tgd-l (vaccine c); pvax-ubilaci-tgd-l co-immunised with pvax-48cpg (vaccine d). three additional calves were given the plasmid vector and served as controls. ninety days after the first vaccination all calves were challenge infected with ...201119906427
in vitro antiviral activity from acanthospermum australe on herpesvirus and poliovirus.context: the asteraceae family has been of interest to researchers due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, which demonstrated antiviral activity. objective: the hydroethanol extract of the aerial parts of acanthospermum australe (loefl.) kuntze (asteraceae) and its fractions, were evaluated in vitro for their potential cytotoxic and antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus and human poliovirus. materials and methods: the sulforhodamine b colorimetric assay were use ...201120819023
the nucleolus and viral infection.the nucleolus is a subnuclear structure of eukaryocytes. it was thought that nucleolus only participates in the biogenesis and processing of rrna. however, more and more evidence shows that it has many other functions, such as trna precursor processing, stress sensing and it is also involved in gene silencing, senescence and cell cycle regulation. here, we summarize the recent understandings about the nucleolar functions, the regulation of nucleolar localization of proteins and the role that the ...201020960288
herpes virus reactivation by low-intensity diode and co₂ lasers.the herpes virus enters into latency after symptomatic or asymptomatic herpetic infection. during latency, the virus has no impact on infected cells. however, internal or external stimuli, including certain lasers, can induce virus reactivation.201020969439
cd8+ t cell responses against tap-inhibited cells are readily detected in the human population.target cell recognition by ctls depends on the presentation of peptides by hla class i molecules. tumors and herpes viruses have adopted strategies to greatly hamper this peptide presentation at the important bottleneck, the peptide transporter tap. previously, we described the existence of a cd8(+) ctl subpopulation that selectively recognizes such tap-deficient cells in mouse models. in this study, we show that the human counterpart of this ctl subset is readily detectable in healthy subjects. ...201020980626
study of the kinetics of antibodies titres against viral pathogens and detection of rotavirus and parainfluenza 3 infections in captive crias of guanacos (lama guanicoe).a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1) and bluetongue virus (btv) in eleven guanaco's crias (chulengos) relocated from rio negro to buenos aires province (argentina) and reared in captivity for a year in an experimental field. serum samples were collected periodically to detect the evidence of viral infections. faecal samples were collec ...201021062425
a bovine herpesvirus type 1 mutant virus with truncated glycoprotein e cytoplasmic tail has defective anterograde neuronal transport in rabbit dorsal root ganglia primary neuronal cultures in a microfluidic chamber system.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) in cattle. following primary intranasal and ocular infection of cattle, bhv-1 establishes lifelong latent infection in trigeminal ganglia (tg). upon reactivation from latency, the virus is transported from neuronal cell bodies in the tg to projected nerve endings in nose and cornea of latently infected cattle where the virus shedding occurs. this property of bhv-1 plays a significant role ...201021080783
[infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in the canton of jura: an epidemiological outbreak investigation].following an abortion in a beef herd in the summer of 2009, three outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) were diagnosed in the cantons of jura and neuchatel. an epidemiological outbreak investigation was conducted with the aims to identify the source of introduction of the bovine herpes virus 1 (bohv-1) into the affected herds and to prevent further spread of the disease. the attack rates in the three outbreak farms were 0.89, 0.28 and 0, respectively. bohv-1 could be isolated from ...201021104629
swine adipose stromal cells loaded with recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 virions expressing a foreign antigen induce potent humoral immune responses in pigs.increasingly effective vaccination strategies are needed to counteract the high incidence of contagious diseases associated with intensive swine breeding. recombinant viral vaccines are a promising new avenue in this direction. key features of viral vectors suitable for immunoprophylaxis are safety, ease of manipulation and the ability to replicate in a variety of hosts. most of the above requirements are met by bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4), a non-pathogenic dsdna virus capable of infecting a b ...201021115049
quebec: detection of bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus dna in tissues of a bovine aborted fetus. 201021119872
multiplex real-time rt-pcr detection of three viruses associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is considered the most significant illness associated with feedlot cattle in north america and possibly worldwide. brdc is a multi-factorial disease with environmental conditions interacting with multiple viral and bacterial pathogens to produce severe respiratory illness. bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 are three of the major viruses associated with brdc. in this study, a multiplex real-time rt-pcr usi ...201021126537
seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 in non-vaccinated cattle herds in the pacific region of central costa rica.the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr, bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in a population of non-vaccinated, double purpose, dairy and beef herds in the pacific region of central costa rica. blood samples were collected from a total of 496 animals from 35 herds. sera were tested for antibodies against bhv-1(ibr) and bvdv types 1 and 2 using serum neutralization test. the average number of animals test ...201021128116
withdrawn: corrigendum to "characterization of the nuclear import and export mechanisms of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27" [virus research 149 (2010) 95-103].this article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201021130511
withdrawn: corrigendum to "characterization of the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27" [virus res. 145 (2009) 312-320].this article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201021134698
[testing for btv, bvdv and bhv-1 in blood samples of new world camelids kept in middle germany].the susceptibility of camelids for infectious agents which may result in severe economic losses or which are strictly regulated for epidemiological reasons in farm animals potentially causes a mutual risk of transmission. this study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) as well as the presence of pestivirus antigen in new world camelids in central germany. therefore 107 serum samples fr ...201021141278
serological evidences of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in bovines of organized farms in india.bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle causing a variety of clinical signs, including the upper respiratory tract infection, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, a highly infectious disease of cattle and buffaloes, occurs throughout the world including india. the present study based on micro-serum neutralization test reports the sero-epidemiology of bhv-1 infection in cattle and buffaloes from different parts of india. serum sa ...201021156033
the capacity of ul49.5 proteins to inhibit tap is widely distributed among members of the genus varicellovirus.the lifelong infection by varicelloviruses is characterized by a fine balance between the host immune response and immune evasion strategies used by these viruses. virus-derived peptides are presented to cytotoxic t lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) transports the peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the loading of mhc-i molecules occurs. the varicelloviruses bovine herpesvi ...201021159875
a protein (orf2) encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 interacts with notch1 and notch3.like other alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes latency in sensory neurons. the latency-related rna (lr-rna) is abundantly expressed in latently infected sensory neurons. an lr mutant virus with stop codons at the amino terminus of the first open reading frame (orf) in the lr gene (orf2) does not reactivate from latency, in part because it induces higher levels of apoptosis in infected neurons. orf2 is not the only viral product expressed during latency, ...201021191019
construction of single-chain fv with two possible cdr3h conformations but similar inter-molecular forces that neutralize bovine herpesvirus 1.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) causes respiratory and genital diseases in cattle for which available vaccines do not confer adequate protection. since passive immunization with antibodies permits disease prevention, single-chain fragment variable (scfv), originating from a monoclonal bovine igg1 antibody against bohv-1, were constructed and expressed in pichia pastoris in v(lambda)-v(h) orientation via a flexible seven-amino acid linker. similar to the intact igg, the purified recombinant scfv ne ...201020006385
bovine herpesvirus-1 us3 protein kinase: critical residues and involvement in the phosphorylation of vp22.the us3 gene product of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) is a protein kinase that is expressed early during infection and capable of autophosphorylation. by examining differentially labelled us3 moieties by co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that the protein kinase interacts with itself in vitro, which supports autophosphorylation by us3. based on its homology to other serine/threonine protein kinases, we defined two highly conserved lysines in us3, at position 195 within the atp-binding pocke ...201020016039
a bovine herpesvirus 5 recombinant defective in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene and a double mutant lacking tk and the glycoprotein e gene are fully attenuated for rabbits.bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), the agent of herpetic meningoencephalitis in cattle, is an important pathogen of cattle in south america and several efforts have been made to produce safer and more effective vaccines. in the present study, we investigated in rabbits the virulence of three recombinant viruses constructed from a neurovirulent brazilian bohv-5 strain (sv507/99). the recombinants are defective in glycoprotein e (bohv-5gedelta), thymidine kinase (bohv-5tkdelta) and both proteins (bohv ...201020027480
surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky.surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ...201020090032
critical role of cholesterol in bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of mdbk cells.cholesterol is involved in the life cycle of many viruses. here, we examined the role of cholesterol for both viral envelope and target cell membrane for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) infection. cholesterol depletion by pretreatment of madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells with a cholesterol-sequestering drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetacd), inhibited the production of bohv-1 in a dose-dependent manner. this inhibitory effect was partially reversed by cholesterol replenishment, indicati ...201020097021
comparison of the biological and biochemical activities of several members of the alphaherpesvirus icp0 family of proteins.immediate-early protein icp0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is an e3 ubiquitin ligase of the ring finger class that is required for efficient lytic infection and reactivation from latency. other alphaherpesviruses also express icp0-related ring finger proteins, but these have limited homology outside the core ring domain. existing evidence indicates that icp0 family members have similar properties, but there has been no systematic comparison of the biochemical activities and biological f ...201020106921
characterization of the nuclear import and export mechanisms of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27.in previous study, we have identified a nuclear localization signal (nls) and a nucleolar localization signal (nols) in bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infected cell protein 27 (bicp27), which targets predominantly to the nucleolus. furthermore, the c-terminal 300 amino acid residues targets exclusively to the cytoplasm, suggesting that bicp27 might contain a nuclear export signal (nes). amino acid sequence analysis revealed that there is a cluster of leucine-rich residues resembling a nes. heterok ...201020109505
development and statistical validation of a guinea pig model for vaccine potency testing against infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (ibr) virus.infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (ibr) caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) infection is distributed worldwide. bohv-1 either alone or in association with other respiratory cattle pathogens causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. the aim of this work was to validate a guinea pig model as an alternative method to the current bohv-1 vaccine potency testing in calves. guinea pigs were immunized with two doses of vaccine, 21 days apart and sampled at 30 days post vaccinati ...201020123054
serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) infection in yaks (peophagus grunniens) from the national research centre on yak, india.bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) causes a variety of disease syndromes including, respiratory, nervous and reproductive disorders both in domestic as well as wild bovines and the disease is prevalent throughout the world including india. in this study, serum samples of yaks were screened for serological evidence of bohv-1 in a yak farm with history of abortion and kerato-conjuctivitis by competition-elisa. the result of seroprevalence of bohv-1 infections in yaks (poephagus grunniens) revealed that ...201020143159
immunization of cattle with recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d induces mucosal and serum antibody responses and provides partial protection against bhv-1.bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is a major cause of respiratory tract diseases in cattle. vaccination of cattle against bhv-1 is a high priority. a major concern of currently modified live bhv-1 vaccines is their ability to cause latent infection and subsequent reactivation resulting in many outbreaks. thus, there is a need for alternative strategies. we generated two recombinant newcastle disease viruses (ndvs) expressing the glycoprotein d (gd) of bhv-1 from an added gene. one recombinant, rlasot ...201020189484
protein display by bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein b.glycoprotein b (gb) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), a major component of the viral envelope, is essential for membrane fusion during entry and cell-to-cell spread. it is cleaved in the trans-golgi network by the proprotein convertase furin. integration of the open reading frame (orf) encoding a mutated gb with a second furin cleavage site and mature boifn-alpha as intervening peptide between the amino-terminal (nh(2)) and carboxy-terminal (cooh) gb subunits yielded recombinant bhv-1/gb2fuifn-al ...201020193990
point mutations in bhv-1 us3 gene abolish its ability to induce cytoskeletal changes in various cell types.the us3 gene is conserved among alphaherpesviruses and codes for a protein kinase, a multifunctional protein involved in many phases of virus infection, like nuclear egress, modulation of apoptosis and modification of the cellular cytoskeleton. bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1), a member of the alphaherpesvirinae, contains an open reading frame homologous to us3 of other herpesviruses, which has been identified as a serine/threonine kinase (takashima, y., tamura, h., xuan, x., otsuka, h., 1999. identif ...201020197221
should the domestic buffalo (bubalus bubalis) be considered in the epidemiology of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection?only limited information is available on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in domestic buffalos. in this study, a virulent bohv-1 field strain isolated from cattle was inoculated into buffaloes to evaluate their susceptibility to the virus and to investigate the establishment of viral latency through clinical, virological and serological investigations. latency was also studied by attempting viral reactivation using pharmacological induction. six of seven male, 5 ...201020206452
bovine herpesvirus 5 bicp0 complements the bovine herpesvirus 1 homolog.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bohv-5 are closely related (82% amino acid identity) but differ strongly in neuropathogenesis. the immediate-early gene for bicp0 is less conserved (70% amino acid identity) and may contribute to a dissimilar phenotype. a peculiar difference is a guanosine hexamer in the bicp0-1 gene which aligns with only five guanosines in the bicp0-5 gene and therefore results in a frameshift in the latter open reading frame. thus, the c-terminal amino acid sequence (residues ...201020211531
glycoprotein d of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) confers an extended host range to bohv-1 but does not contribute to invasion of the brain.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bohv-5 are closely related pathogens of cattle, but only bohv-5 is considered a neuropathogen. we engineered intertypic gd exchange mutants with bohv-1 and bohv-5 backbones in order to address their in vitro and in vivo host ranges, with particular interest in invasion of the brain. the new viruses replicated in cell culture with similar dynamics and to titers comparable to those of their wild-type parents. however, gd of bohv-5 (gd5) was able to interact with a ...201020219909
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