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specific immunological test for the rapid identification of members of the genus histoplasma.a sensitive and specific immunological method was developed for rapid identification of the mycelial forms of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, h. capsulatum var. duboisii, and h. farciminosum and for separation of these pathogenic fungi from morphologically similar hyphomycetes and other fungal pathogens. this method is based on the fact that all of the histoplasma spp. produce h and m histoplasmin antigens, whereas the other fungi do not. inocula consisting of heavy mycelial growth from ...197656339
the epidemiology and ecology of blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are the major pulmonary mycoses of humans. each is considered to be a primary pulmonary disease acquired by inhalation of infectious spores from the environment. blastomycosis occurs predominantly in the mississippi river valley and southeastern portions of the u.s.a. clinical cases have also been noted from a few other areas of the world. the etiologic agent, blastomyces dermatitidis, is not readily recoverable from nature, but the disease is ...19846385560
transient fungemia in acute pulmonary histoplasmosis: detection by new blood-culturing techniques.transient fungemia has been thought to occur with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in humans, but this has never been confirmed. we report two cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in which transient fungemia was detected by the lysis-centrifugation blood-culturing technique. both patients had self-limited acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, and neither was treated with antifungal therapy. follow-up evaluation at three years and at 17 months disclosed no evidence of active pulmonary or disseminated ...19873298456
[distribution of sources of infection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in rio da prata, a municipality of rio de janeiro (rj)]. 19873449936
immunofluorescence as an adjunct to the histopathologic diagnosis of chagas' disease.we have developed a new indirect immunofluorescence procedure for identifying trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue pretreated with a 0.25% trypsin solution to enhance immunofluorescence. in sections of human and mouse myocardia infected with t. cruzi and stained by this procedure, both intact amastigotes and phagocytosed amorphous antigen were intensely fluorescent and easily detected; nonspecific background fluorescence was absent or minimal. no ...19883128582
a murine monoclonal antibody exhibiting high species specificity for histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.a monoclonal antibody (mab) exhibiting a high degree of species specificity for the yeast phase of the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum was produced by a modification of the standard mab production protocol. the technique for generating mabs involved the use of the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide to diminish the response in mice to immunodominant cross-reactive epitopes. this mab exhibited clear specificity and did not react by elisa with the closely related genera blastomyces, pa ...19901691267
evidence that the m antigen of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a catalase which exhibits cross-reactivity with other dimorphic fungi.a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against histoplasmin, the antigen derived from the mycelial phase of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum which contains the diagnostically useful h and m antigens. a number of mabs were obtained which recognized a 70-75 kd component of an antigenic preparation of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum by western blotting. when reacted with histoplasmin by western blotting the mabs recognized a similar 70-75 kd band, together with a series of higher mo ...19902093121
histoplasmosis duboisii (african histoplasmosis). an african case reported from chile with ultrastructural study.a case of histoplasmosis duboisii in a 30 year-old engineer is presented. the diagnosis was made with the help of light microscopy, electron microscopy and cultures. although diagnosed in chile, the patient probably acquired the disease in the endemic african area, more precisely in the ivory coast. differential diagnosis between histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is based primarily on the larger in-vivo yeast form size of the latter. electron microsc ...19902247379
hypercalcemia and disseminated histoplasmosis in an owl monkey.an adult male owl monkey (aotus nancymai) had hypercalcemia associated with a disseminated case of histoplasmosis (histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum). histopathologic examination of tissues at necropsy showed moderate to marked numbers of small granulomas involving multiple organs. the granulomas contained numerous round, basophilic, intracellular structures, 1-2 microns in diameter, that stained positive in periodic acid-schiff and gomori's methenamine silver tests. the hypercalcemia in th ...19902254918
in vitro production of extracellular elastolytic proteinase by histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in the yeast phase.extracellular elastolytic proteinase was produced by yeast cultures of histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and h. capsulatum var. capsulatum in three different induction media, assayed using elastin-orcein as the substrate. medium-dependent variations in the time-course for enzyme production were observed and no peak was recorded. the proteinases hydrolysed both casein and bovine serum albumin indicating a broad substrate specificity. both elastolytic proteinases had similar optimum ph (ph 8) a ...19911824415
production of extracellular collagenolytic proteinases by histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in the yeast phase.yeast cultures of histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and h. capsulatum var. capsulatum in collagen containing defined, semi-defined and complex media produced extracellular collagenolytic proteinases, assayed using 4-phenylazo-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-propyl-l-leucyl- glycyl-l-propyl-d-arginine, a specific collagenase substrate. significant levels of hydroxyproline were measured in the cultures and clear zones of hydrolysis were produced in collagen buffer agar by the crude enzyme preparations. hyd ...19911668620
a medium for inducing conversion of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum into its yeast-like form.histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that, under special conditions, converts from its more common mycelial form to a yeast-like form. achieving this conversion, however, has been problematical for researchers. the present study tested conversion rates in ten histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum strains using seven culture media, four of which were conventional and three novel. one of our novel media, mlgema, induced complete conversion of two strains within five days o ...19921308555
comparative evaluation of a chemiluminescent dna probe and an exoantigen test for rapid identification of histoplasma capsulatum.a chemiluminescent dna probe (accuprobe) assay developed by gen probe, inc., for the rapid identification of histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated and compared with the exoantigen test by using 162 coded cultures including histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and morphologically related saprobic fungi. each test uses a chemiluminescent, ...19921452692
effect of successful treatment with amphotericin b on histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum polysaccharide antigen levels in patients with aids and histoplasmosis.the purpose of this study was to establish the effect of induction and maintenance treatment with amphotericin b on levels of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum polysaccharide antigen (hpa) in the urine and blood of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and disseminated histoplasmosis.19921543199
disseminated histoplasmosis in a badger (meles meles) in denmark.we report the first case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an animal in scandinavia. yeast cells compatible with those of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were found in the skin, liver, spleen, a kidney, and a lymph node of a wild badger (meles meles). the diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of the yeast cells in tissue sections.19921642845
evaluation of gen-probe's histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans accuprobes.gen-probe's dna probes were evaluated for use in the identification of clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans. ninety-five mould-phase fungi were probed, including 41 isolates of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum. similarly, 98 yeasts, including 42 c. neoformans isolates, were examined by using the c. neoformans dna probe. in the study, both probes demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity. their use in the clinical laboratory may significant ...19938432829
histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in europe: the impact of the hiv pandemic, travel and immigration.the present report describes a fatal case of imported aids-related disseminated histoplasmosis capsulati infection associated with multiple coexisting infections, diagnosed with cultural recovery of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum with a commercial radiometric mycobacterium medium. the epidemiological and clinical features of histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in europe are reviewed by examining also 69 documented cases of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection (25 in aids pa ...19947672046
comparative evaluation of the premier enzyme immunoassay, micro-immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antibodies.a total of 178 sera, including 68 from proven cases of histoplasmosis (65 positive for the presence of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antibodies and three positive for antigen), 93 from patients with suspected histoplasmosis but with no laboratory evidence of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum infection, 14 from humans with heterologous fungal and non-fungal infections and three from normal individuals, were tested for igg h. capsulatum antibodies and m or m and h precipitins by enzyme immuno ...19947746288
the histoplasma capsulatum antigen assay in disseminated histoplasmosis in children.progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is often fatal without treatment and requires rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis. radioimmunoassay for histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen has been established as a sensitive and accurate diagnostic technique for disseminated histoplasmosis in adults; this study examines the radioimmunoassay in children. the clinical and laboratory records of 26 patients 18 years old or younger in whom h. capsulatum antigen was detected in urine by radioimm ...19947808850
diagnosis of histoplasmosis by antigen detection during an outbreak in indianapolis, ind.in this study we examine the sensitivity of histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum antigen detection for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. this was a retrospective review of the sensitivity of antigen detection in patients who were diagnosed as having self-limited, chronic pulmonary, or disseminated histoplasmosis during an outbreak in indianapolis, ind. all patients had clinical and laboratory evidence of histoplasmosis, and specimens of urine or serum that were obtained from the patients were te ...19947979915
prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.to assess the effectiveness of fluconazole for suppression of relapse of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).19948017447
nodular subcutaneous histoplasmosis. a case report with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy.fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) of a solitary subcutaneous nodule in the upper arm of a patient being treated with corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contained numerous spherical, unstained, refractile particles mixed with necrotic cellular material and rare intact histiocytes with yeastlike inclusions. the morphology of the extracytoplasmic spheroids and cytoplasmic inclusions, as demonstrated with gomori methenamine silver stain, was characteristic of histoplasma ca ...19948091917
clearance of histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen is useful for monitoring treatment of experimental histoplasmosis.we sought to determine whether measurement of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen concentration in tissues and blood provided a marker for antifungal effect of itraconazole in a nonlethal murine model of histoplasmosis. treatment with itraconazole (sporanox), in cyclodextrin, was evaluated in a pulmonary model of histoplasmosis. mice infected with 4.0 x 10(7) yeast-phase organisms by endotracheal inoculation were treated with itraconazole, 1.5 mg twice daily by gavage, for 10 consecut ...19948164105
itraconazole treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. aids clinical trial group.amphotericin b has been the treatment of choice for disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). oral antifungal agents would be welcome alternatives to standard treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in less severe cases. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of itraconazole therapy in patients with aids and disseminated histoplasmosis.19957709945
histoplasmosis in northwestern argentina. ii: prevalence of histoplasmosis capsulati and paracoccidioidomycosis in the population south of chuscha, gonzalo and potrero in the province of tucuman.the present work was undertaken to obtain epidemiological data on the extent and distribution of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and paracoccidiodes brasiliensis infections south of the chuscha, gonzalo and potrero areas of argentina. skin tests surveys of the human population with histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin were carried out in the permanent population of those localities. the infection index of the population showed that the area south of chuscha has a high-prevalence of histoplas ...19957617013
epidemiologic skin test survey of sensitivity to paracoccidioidin, histoplasmin and sporotrichin among gold mine workers of morro velho mining, brazil.skin tests with paracoccidioidin, histoplasmin and sporotrichin were applied to 417 workers of morro velho mining in the state of minas gerais, brazil, with the main purpose of detecting the prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis-infection, histoplasmosis capsulate-infection and sporotrichosis-infection. the rates of positivity to the skin tests were 13.43% for paracoccidioidin, 17.50% for histoplasmin and 13.67% for sporotrichin. several epidemiological factors were investigated for a better inte ...19969063004
disseminated histoplasmosis in children: the role of itraconazole therapy.to describe the clinical characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of seven children with disseminated histoplasmosis and evaluate the effectiveness of itraconazole therapy in this severe form of the mycosis as well as to determine the long term results of such treatment.19968933549
an aberrant variant of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.we studied an aberrant culture of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum isolated from synovial fluid collected from the right elbow of a patient from kansas. colonies on sabouraud glucose agar and other routine mycological media were glabrous to soft, moist, heaped, deeply folded or convoluted, and orange-brown with a white, irregular margin. microscopically, hyphae were hyaline, septate, and branched and remained totally devoid of conidiation over a period of 2 years on all mycological media. ...19979041422
cross-reactivity in histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycoses.we evaluated cross-reactivity in the antigen assay used for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis by testing urine samples from patients with disseminated fungal infections. the mycoses chosen for this study were selected on the basis of the observation that during clinical testing, cross-reactions may occur between histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and penicillium marneffei. we detected antigen in 12 of 19 patients w ...19979195077
comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay methods for detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen.the purpose of this study was to compare the conventional radioimmunoassay (ria) to an enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) for the measurement of histoplasma antigen in banked urine specimens. a correlation between the two methods would allow the eia to be used as a nonradioactive alternative to the established 125i ria. the study used stored urine from patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis during an outbreak in indianapolis which began in 1988. control specimens from healthy adults, patients with ...19979276396
disseminated histoplasmosis in an atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus).an approximately 37-yr-old female atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) died after a 4-mo illness characterized by intermittent anorexia, lethargy, mild neutrophilic leukocytosis, and mild nonregenerative anemia. at necropsy, the lungs were diffusely consolidated, and histopathology of the lungs revealed severe pneumonia with macrophages containing clusters of numerous yeast cells. inflammatory lesions and yeast also were found in pulmonary, mediastinal, prescapular, and duodenal lymp ...199810065856
histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in northwestern argentina iii. epidemiological survey in vipos, la toma, and choromoro - trancas, tucumán, argentina.the present work was undertaken to obtain epidemiological data on the extent and distribution of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and paracoccidiodes brasiliensis diseases in the vipos, la toma and choromoro areas. skin test surveys with histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin were carried out in the permanent human population of those localities. mycological sputum studies and serological tests were performed to skin test reactors to determine if there were signs or symptoms of active mycotic d ...199910414381
atypical disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent child, caused by an "aberrant" variant of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatuma case of atypical disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in a five-year old, otherwise healthy child, native and resident in sao paulo metropolitan area is reported. cutaneous lesions were clinically atypical. histologic examination disclosed a granulomatous reaction but no fungal structures could be demonstrated by specific staining nor by immunohistochemical reaction. the fungus was isolated from biopsy material on two different occasions, confirming diagnosis of an unusual fungal infection. t ...199910529841
chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil.three cases of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis affecting aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are reported. they had a history of recurrent episodes of respiratory infection and presented radiological lung lesions inducing a misdiagnosis of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis of the adults. the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, suggested by the immunodiffusion test and the detection of yeastlike cells in smeared and stained sputum, was confirmed by the isolation and identification of ...199910598067
detection of the 70-kilodalton histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum of histoplasmosis patients: correlation between antigenemia and therapy during follow-up.histoplasmosis is an important systemic fungal infection, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, who may develop a progressive disseminated form which is often fatal if it is untreated. in such patients, the detection of antibody responses for both diagnosis and follow-up may be of limited use, whereas the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigens may provide a more practical approach. we have recently described an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa ...19999986830
endogenous endophthalmitis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: a case report and literature review.we report the first case of clinically diagnosed endogenous endophthalmitis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.200010768335
imported and autochthonous histoplasmosis in bergamo province, northern italy.this paper reviews the italian literature and illustrates the results of a survey on histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection carried out in the bergamo area of italy over the last 10 y. during the period january 1989-july 1999, 7 patients were diagnosed as being affected by the h. capsulatum var. capsulatum infection. until 1999 41 cases have been described in the italian literature (9 before the 1980s, 6 in the 1980s and 26 in the 1990s). the epidemiological profile of histoplasmosis i ...200010879597
granulomatous skin lesions due to histoplasmosis in a badger (meles meles) in austria.we describe the first case of histoplasmosis due to infection with histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in a wild badger (meles meles) in austria. diagnosis was established by histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of yeast forms in skin lesions and lymph nodes. although austria has yet to be regarded as an endemic region for h. capsulatum, infections of animals and humans exposed to contaminated soil cannot be excluded.200010892994
antibodies to antigens of histoplasma, blastomyces and candida in hiv patients and carriers in nigeria.serum samples from 60 subjects with confirmed hiv-1 infection including 28 aids patients and 32 carriers were examined by immunodiffusion for precipitating antibodies to antigens of histoplasma, blastomyces and candida. seven of the subjects, four patients and three carriers, showed antibodies to histoplasmin prepared from mycelial cultural filtrate of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and h. capsulatum var. duboisii although without any clinical signs of classical or african histoplasmosis ...200010948814
histoplasmosis in africa: a review.classical histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, and african histoplasmosis caused by h. capsulatum var. duboisii are both endemic in africa. in south africa, only classical histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is known to occur and cases are seen frequently. it occurs sporadically in several other african countries. histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is known to occur naturally in caves inhabited by bats in some parts of south africa, nam ...200015597674
[current knowledge on the strain typing of the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: a review of the findings].the classification of microbial strains is currently based on different typing methods, which must meet certain criteria in order to be widely used. phenotypic and genotypic methods are being employed in the epidemiology of several fungal diseases. however, some problems associated to the phenotypic methods have fostered genotyping procedures, from dna polymorphic diversity to gene sequencing studies, all aiming to differentiate and to relate fungal isolates or strains. through these studies, it ...200015762806
viability, morphological characteristics and dimorphic ability of fungi preserved by different methods.the viability, morphological characteristics and dimorphic ability of fungi were evaluated. strain subcultures were maintained under mineral oil and in soil for different periods of time, ranging from 49 to eight years. of the 16 blastomyces dermatitidis strains, four maintained viability and were able to complete the dimorphic process to the m phase producing a large amount of conidia, but were unable to form y cells at 36 degrees c. of the 15 histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum strains, onl ...200115496128
histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum occurring in an hiv-positive ghanaian immigrant to italy. identification of h. capsulatum dna by pcr from paraffin sample.histoplasmosis, which is highly endemic in the united states, is rare in europe, usually imported but sometimes autochthonous. in africa, histoplasmosis capsulati coexists with "african histoplasmosis", a characteristic skin infection caused by h. capsulatum var. duboisii. histoplamosis due to h. capsulatum is one of the 12 secondary infections listed in the surveillance definitions of aids. we report the case of a 36-year-old black man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who was livi ...200111900050
histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum within cutaneous nerves in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and aids. 200111167720
[molecular characterization of autochthonous clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum using rapd-pcr].the aim of our work was to determine the genotypic relatedness among h. capsulatum isolates from argentinian patients with or without aids and isolates from other sources and geographic origins. we analyzed band patterns of 16 isolates obtained by rapd-pcr, 11 argentinian clinical isolates (8 from patients with aids and 3 from patients without aids), 2 strains from the cdc, 2 isolates from mexico and one isolate from uruguay. with the band patterns obtained, we built a dendrogram, which showed 3 ...200111594007
histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. 200211825790
phylogenetic characterization of histoplasma capsulatum strains based on its region sequences, including two new strains from thai and chinese patients in japan.two strains of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were isolated in japan: one from a thai aids patient and the other from a chinese non-immunocompromised patient. the phylogenetical relationship among the two isolates and reference strains of h. capsulatum from other geographical populations was investigated. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of the two h. capsulatum strains showed that they had rapd band patterns similar to those of the reference thai isolates and north ameri ...200211865296
disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.in the pre-aids era disseminated histoplasmosis was rare and the cutaneous manifestations thereof were reported infrequently. a range of unusual clinical manifestations of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis (dch) in aids patients has been documented, but the cutaneous histopathological descriptions are short and incomplete. in addition, the histopathological spectrum of aids-associated dch is poorly recognized.200212028154
[outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in a family group: identification of the infection source].an outbreak of acute histoplasmosis occurring in 4 members of the same family, two women, a girl and a male, is reported. the index case presented acute respiratory symptoms, severe enough to require hospitalization. in the remaining persons, the infection was asymptomatic but was evidenced by reactive histoplasmin serologic tests. search for the common source of infection led to an enriched soil obtained in a local nursery for growing in-door plants. balb/c mice were inoculated with suspensions ...200212152481
histoplasma capsulatum synthesizes melanin-like pigments in vitro and during mammalian infection.melanin is made by several important pathogenic fungi and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of fungal infections. this study investigated whether the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum produced melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and during infection. growth of h. capsulatum mycelia in chemically defined minimal medium produced pigmented conidia. growth of h. capsulatum yeast in chemically defined minimal medium with l-3,4-dihydrox ...200212183562
[diminution of antifungal activity of fluconazole associated with ibuprofen and piroxicam in experimental histoplasmosis of hamsters (mesocricetus auratus)]the aim of this study was to determine if tha association of non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (piroxicam and ibuprofen) with fluconazole, affects the antifungal activity of the azole compound, in an experimental model histoplasmosis in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). sixty hamsters were intracardially inoculated with 4x10(6) yeasts of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. treatments began one week after the challenge and continued for three weeks. the hamsters were divided in six groups of ...200212716230
[cutaneous histoplasmosis and aids].histoplasmosis is usually a lung infection due to histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum. skin lesions are present in 10 to 17% of cases and it appears to have higher prevalence in mexico. we report on three cases, all males with aids, of 26, 33 and 44 years of age. they presented fever, lymphadenopathy and weight loss. one had lingual ulcer and the other two, disseminated erythemato-violaceus plaques, papular and fistular lesions. the histopathologic study showed granulomatous lesions and histop ...200312872420
histoplasmosis as the cause of a pathological fracture.we report the case of an 82-year-old man with a pathological fracture of the hip caused by infection with histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum. he was treated by a hemiarthroplasty and with oral itraconazole.200312892200
phylogeography of the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum.until recently, histoplasma capsulatum was believed to harbour three varieties, var. capsulatum (chiefly a new world human pathogen), var. duboisii (an african human pathogen) and var. farciminosum (an old world horse pathogen), which varied in clinical manifestations and geographical distribution. we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of 137 individuals representing the three varieties from six continents using dna sequence variation in four independent protein-coding genes. at least eight ...200314629354
pcr assay for identification of histoplasma capsulatum based on the nucleotide sequence of the m antigen.the major diagnostic antigens of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum are the h and m antigens, pluripotent glycoproteins that elicit both humoral and t-cell-mediated immune responses. the gene encoding the m antigen has previously been sequenced, and its sequence has significant overall homology to those of the genes for fungal catalases. regions of the m-antigen gene with little or no homology were used to design four oligonucleotide sequences for application in the pcr detection and identif ...200312574242
in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin (fk463) against dimorphic fungi: comparison of yeast-like and mycelial forms.the characteristics of in vitro micafungin (fk463) antifungal activity against six species of dimorphic fungi were investigated in accordance with the nccls m27-a microdilution methods. mics of micafungin, amphotericin b, itraconazole, and fluconazole for histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, penicillium marneffei, and sporothrix schenckii were determined both for the yeast-like form and mycelial form. coccidioides immitis was tested onl ...200312654673
molecular detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in human clinical samples.we developed a seminested pcr for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis that amplifies a portion of the histoplasma capsulatum h antigen gene. this assay is highly sensitive and specific, being able to detect genomic material corresponding to less than 10 yeast cells without cross-reaction against other bacterial or fungal pathogens.200312682178
[in vitro sensitivity of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to amphotericin b, ketoconazole, itroconazole and fluconazole].the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by a micromethod of dilution in rpmi-1640 broth in order to know the sensitivity to amphotericin b, itraconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole of 29 strains of histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum isolated in cuba. histoplasmosis is one of the main systemic mycosis at the world level and its incidence has increased during the last years, associated mainly with hiv infection and to the appareance of new epidemic outbreaks in different reg ...200315849960
chronic disseminated histoplasmosis in an apparently immuno-competent belgian patient.a 77 year-old belgian man was admitted for weight loss and elevated liver enzymes. he used to live in central africa until 1986 and denied any travel outside belgium during the last decade. physical examination was unremarkable except for a lip ulceration. blood tests showed increases of liver enzymes and cea. in the search of an abdominal cancer, ct showed a normal liver but enlarged surrenal glands, while colonoscopy disclosed multiple mucosal lesions. colic and lip biopsies identified histopl ...200415224474
[disseminated histoplasmosis and aids. the role of culture medium for the bronchoscopic clinical specimens].fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a useful procedure in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, when the clinical material is adequately processed. ten cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with aids are presented here, with a mycological evaluation in culture, mycosel and sabouraud's chloramphenicol agar of clinical specimens obtained through fiberoptic bronchoscopy. the yield of mycosel culture was 60%, while in sabouraud's chloramphenicol agar it was 20%, supporting the importance of selective m ...200415330063
pathogenic differences between north american and latin american strains of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in experimentally infected mice.clinical differences in histoplasmosis between north america and brazil prompted investigation of experimental infection with representative strains. mortality was higher with latin american strains, and lung pathology showed large necrotizing granuloma with prominent neutrophilic infiltration. chronic disease was unique to the north american strain.200415365047
disseminated histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum infection in a captive mara (dolichotis patagonum). 200415508846
[disseminated histoplasmosis: an atypical ulcerous form in an hiv-infected patient].histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum is a dimorphic fungi predominating on the american continent. it is responsible for disseminated histoplasmosis associated with aids. the presentation in the form of cutaneous ulceration is uncommon and misleading.200515798563
[pulmonary histoplasmoma in rio grande do sul].a retrospective analysis of sixteen patients with pulmonary nodules diagnosed as histoplasmoma by histopathologic evidence of histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum was done in an endemic area for histoplasmosis. brazilian literature was reviewed. all patients were white, nine were men, mean age at diagnosis was 50.8 years. six (37.5%) patients had a relevant epidemiologic story. the pulmonary nodules were 0.7-2.7 cm in diameter, presenting as granulomatous lesions with caseous necrosis. twelve ( ...200515717088
[first isolation of histoplasma capsulatum from the urban bat eumops bonariensis].we report the first isolation of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum from a male bat eumops bonariensis captured in buenos aires city in 2003. the pathogen was recovered from spleen and liver specimens, and was identified by its phenotypic characteristics. pcr with primers 1283, (gtg)5, (gaca)4 and m13 was used to compare both bat isolates with 17 human isolates, 12 from patients residing in buenos aires city, and 5 from other countries of the americas. the profiles obtained with the four pri ...200515991479
[immunologic tests: histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum]. 200516111245
[mycoses of the head and neck].in recent years, mycoses have emerged as important infections in clinical practice. this phenomenon is explained by the ever growing number of immunocompromised patients and the increasing number of people travelling in areas where fungal diseases are endemic. head and neck infections are common in disseminated mycoses and may simulate carcinoma or cause upper airway obstruction. the most frequent causative yeasts or yeast-like organisms include candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histopl ...200516142162
[mycoses of the head and neck].the ever growing number of immunocompromized patients and increasing travel to areas where fungal diseases are endemic explain why in recent years mycoses have emerged as important infections in clinical practice. it is essential that pathologists and clinicians be knowledgeable about them.200516439931
american histoplasmosis in developing countries with a special focus on patients with hiv: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum is a frequent systemic fungal infection in the americas. diagnostic and therapeutic options differ between north and south america. disseminated histoplasmosis is an aids-defining infection. prognostic factors of potentially severe presentations must be evaluated in order to facilitate the initial therapeutic choice.200616940867
[histoplasma capsulatum with aberrant morphology isolated in argentina].for the first time in argentina, we describe a strain of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum with an aberrant morphology that was isolated from a single patient with aids. mycelial phase cultures on agar sabouraud at 25-28 degrees c showed white, glabrous, umbilicated and centrally radiated colonies. unusual microscopic findings were the absence of typical conidia, the presence of terminal/intercalary chlamydoconidia with a diameter of 4 pm and of thickened hyphae. fungal identification was c ...200617037255
an outbreak of histoplasmosis in the city of blumenau, santa catarina.acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is rarely diagnosed and is often confused with tuberculosis. most knowledge of the disease has been derived from descriptions of epidemics in which a number of individuals were exposed to the same source of infection. isolation of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum from soil samples is conclusive evidence of an epidemic focus. this is the first report of an outbreak of histoplasmosis, in which two cases were reported and the fungus was isolated at the focus of ...200617268739
molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in japan.a recent case of canine histoplasmosis, the first confirmed case of disseminated infection accompanied by carcinoma in japan, was diagnosed by clinical characteristics, histopathological examination, chest radiographs, ocular fundoscopy and molecular biological data. the clinical manifestations were not limited to cutaneous symptoms but were referable to disseminated infection, similar to human autochthonous cases. the partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its1/2) regions of the ...200717464845
production of extracellular proteolytic activity by histoplasma capsulatum grown in histoplasma-macrophage medium is limited to restriction fragment length polymorphism class 1 isolates.extracellular proteolytic activity was studied for 28 strains of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and 2 strains of h. capsulatum var. duboisii. secreted protease activity assessed by skim milk agarose clearance was limited solely to h. capsulatum var. capsulatum restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) class 1 strains. there was a difference in proteolytic activity levels among class 1 strains. extracellular proteolytic activity was further determined during growth of those strains ...200717509799
mucocutaneous nasal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent young adult.a case of mucocutaneous nasal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host is described below. a 30-year-old male had a broadened nose with swelling and repeated blockage of nasal passages for the past six months. diagnosis was made on the basis of histological demonstration of characteristic yeast cells of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum occurring within histiocytes and extracellularly in stained smears of fine needle aspirates and biopsy from the lesions in ala of the nose and perioral reg ...200717558052
disseminated histoplasmosis with lesions restricted to the larynx in a patient with aids. report of a case and review of the literature.histoplasmosis is an endemic and systemic mycosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum. disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients generally results from the reactivation of latent foci after a prolonged period of asymptomatic infection. we report a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis as the unique clinical manifestation of a progressive form of the disease in a patient with advanced hiv/aids disease. histopathological analysis of laryngeal biopsy smears rev ...200717604440
[disseminated histoplasmosis revealed by peripheral blood smear in an african immigrant with aids].we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in an african patient with aids (born in ghana) and living in france. this opportunistic fungal infection has never been reported in ghana, maybe because of limited means of investigation or ignorance. nevertheless, it was reported in a ghanaian immigrant living in italy. in our patient, the first diagnosis was suggested by a peripheral blood smear, which is not a classical biological diagnostic method. ...200818178049
aids-related histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection: 25 years experience of french guiana.histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection is a major aids-defining illness in french guiana. although it affects south and central american countries, the number of published cases is low. we present the largest series of aids-related histoplasmosis. the aim of this work is to describe clinical features and to help optimize investigations in settings where antigen detection methods are not available.200818520348
[histoplasmosis 45 years after infection in an immunocompetent man].we report a case of a lung reactivation of a latent histoplasmosis in a 68-year-old patient without immunologic dysfunction living in barcelona (spain). the histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection was probably acquired in a previous stay in equatorial guinea 45 years before. diagnosis of mild chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis was performed by histopathology of lung biopsy plus antibodies detection against h. capsulatum. treatment with oral itraconazol during three months leaded to a comp ...200919818663
pcr detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in whole blood of a renal transplant patient with disseminated histoplasmosis.we report the identification of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum from whole blood in a renal transplant patient with disseminated histoplasmosis using colorimetric microtiter-plate pcr. this modality demonstrated utility in reaching a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. blood fungal cultures in this case remained negative, suggesting that molecular assays may facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis.200919880771
chapter 4--histoplasmosis.histoplasmosis is systemic mycosis caused by a small fungus, histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, whose natural habitat is soil contaminated by bat or bird excrement. the incidence of histoplasmosis is worldwide. in brazil, the disease is found in all regions; however, the state of rio de janeiro is responsible for most of the microepidemics described. human infection occurs when airborne spores of h. capsulatum are inhaled. the most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic. the symptoms ...200920011851
in vitro effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.this study evaluated the in vitro effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum isolated from hiv-positive patients. the drugs were tested by microdilution testing in accordance with the clsi guidelines. all of the strains were inhibited by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, with mic ranges of 0.039 (sulfamethoxazole)/0.0078 (trimethoprim) mg/ml to 0.625/0.125 mg/ml for mycelial forms and 0.0025/0.0005 to 0.02/0.004 mg/ml for yeast-like forms. however, in viv ...201020566767
soluble components of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum have hemagglutinin activity and induce syngeneic hemophagocytosis in vitro.histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis. fungal hemagglutination activity and cases of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (rhs) have been reported in the disseminated form of disease. in the present study, soluble components of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum have been investigated for hemagglutinin activity and the capacity to induce hemophagocytosis in the mouse system. to analyze hemagglutinating activity, mouse red blood cells (rbc) (1% v ...201019908162
diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography with [18f]fluorodeoxyglucose for invasive fungal infections.optimal staging and evaluation of residual lesions of invasive fungal infections (ifis) are major challenges in the immunocompromised host. preliminary data have suggested that [¹⁸f]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸f]fdg) uptake may be observed in the course of active invasive fungal infections. the aim of this study was to assess the role of positron emission tomography with [¹⁸f]fdg ([¹⁸f]fdg-pet) in the diagnosis and staging of ifi. a prospective monocentric study evaluating [¹⁸f]fdg-pet in 30 consecut ...201120636432
[determination of the therapeutic activity of caspofungin compared with the amphotericin b in an animal experimental model of histoplasmosis in hamster (mesocrisetus auratus) treatment with amphotericin b and caspofungin in an experimental model of histoplasmosis in hamster.]background: : treatment with amphotericin b is highly effective in histoplasmosis. caspofungin has shown good activity against candida and aspergillus spp. in vitro studies have demonstrated that histoplasma capsulatum is inhibited by caspofungin. objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of caspofungin in the treatment of histoplasmosis in an animal experimental model. method: : three strains of histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum were used. treatment started one ...201121473926
selection and optimisation of pcr-based methods for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.background: current methods for the laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis are problematic in terms of their sensitivity, specificity and runtime. objectives: thus, in this study, we sought to select and optimise methods for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). methods: three dna extraction methods and three pcr methods were evaluated. we optimised the concentration of the components of this pcr reaction and determined its sensitivity and sp ...201121558013
[in vitro antifungal activity of ajoene on five clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.]background: the number of histoplasmosis cases have considerably increased since the advent of aids, and the therapy for this mycosis is not always effective, as well as having adverse effects. aims: to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ajoene on five clinical isolates of histoplasma capsulatum, on the mycelial form, using sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb) and rpmi-1640 culture media. methods: growth curves and inhibitory activity of the drug (at concentrations of 1.25 ug/ml to 20μg/ml) were perfor ...201121635962
endemic systemic mycoses: coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis.endemic deep or systemic mycoses are common in specific geographical areas of the world. coccidioidomycosis is present in semi-desert areas, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in tropical regions and blastomycosis belongs to temperate climates. the two former are widely distributed in the american continent and some tropical regions of the world; the third is limited to central and south america, and the last to north america and central and east africa. these mycoses all have a similar p ...201121722309
synergistic effect of antituberculosis drugs and azoles in vitro against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.this study evaluated in vitro interactions of antituberculosis drugs and triazoles against histoplasma capsulatum. nine drug combinations, each including an antituberculosis drug (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, or ethambutol) plus a triazole (itraconazole, fluconazole, or voriconazole), were tested against both growth forms of h. capsulatum. stronger synergistic interactions were seen in isoniazid or pyrazinamide plus triazoles for the mold form and ethambutol plus voriconazole for the yeast-like form ...201121690286
Imported acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related histoplasmosis in metropolitan France: a comparison of pre-highly active anti-retroviral therapy and highly active anti-retroviral therapy eras.Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infection is rare outside disease-endemic areas. Clinical presentation and outcome of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related histoplasmosis are unknown in non-endemic areas with wide access to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Retrospective analysis of cases recorded at the French National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals during two decades: pre-HAART (1985-1994) and HAART (1997-2006). Clinical features and outcome of all adults ...201122049053
seven imported histoplasmosis cases due to histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: from few weeks to more than three decades asymptomatic period.histoplasma capsulatum is a nonendemic fungus in europe. epidemiological, clinical biological features and follow-up of seven imported cases in france were reported. these cases underlined the difficulties of such diagnosis in nonendemic areas due to greatly variable asymptomatic period, and lack of specific clinical signs. thus, anamnesis should be carefully analysed; mucocutaneous signs and immunosuppression should be systematically investigated. biological diagnosis requires multiple sites sa ...201124451498
evaluation of the genetic diversity of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum isolates from north-eastern brazil.since the beginning of the hiv epidemic, there has been a significant increase in the number of histoplasmosis cases in ceará, a state in north-east brazil. the lack of epidemiological data on the genotypes circulating in the north-east region shows the importance of more detailed studies on the molecular epidemiology of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in this region. different molecular techniques have been used to better characterize the genetic profile of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum ...201222977075
disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent adult.histoplasmosis, a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum and histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii is endemic to many parts of the world. the clinical manifestations range from acute or chronic pulmonary infection to a progressive disseminated disease. after initial exposure to the fungus, the infection is self-limited and restricted to the lungs in 99% of healthy individuals. the remaining 1%, however, progress to either disseminated or chronic disea ...201222707773
[histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum darling]. 201323877779
a case of histoplasma capsulatum endophthalmitis diagnosed in italy.histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus endemic in the eastern united states and most countries of latin america. sporadic cases of histoplasmosis have been reported in europe, mainly in immigrants or people returning from highly endemic areas. we report a case of 64-year-old italian man with endophthalmitis, an unusual presentation of h. capsulatum infection. the patient shows redness, blurred vision, localized pain in the right eye. h. capsulatum was cultured from a vitreo ...201322999789
ciprofloxacin shows synergism with classical antifungals against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and coccidioides posadasii.this study evaluated the in vitro interaction between ciprofloxacin (cip) and classical antifungals against histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in mycelial (n = 16) and yeast-like forms (n = 9) and coccidioides posadasii in mycelial form (n = 16). this research was conducted through broth microdilution and macrodilution, according to clinical laboratory standards institute. inocula were prepared to obtain from 0.5 × 10(3) to 2.5 × 10(4)  cfu ml(-1) for h. capsulatum and from 10(3) to 5 × 10(3 ...201323205615
a complementary tool for management of disseminated histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections in aids patients.in south america, disseminated histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (h. capsulatum), is a severe and frequent opportunistic infection in aids patients. in areas outside the usa where specific-histoplasma antigen detection is not available, the diagnosis is difficult. with the galactomannan antigen (gm) detection, a test commonly used for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis, there is a cross-reactivity with h. capsulatum that can be helpful for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis ...201425201327
hiv-associated histoplasmosis early mortality and incidence trends: from neglect to priority.histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in french guiana. it is the most common aids-defining illness and the leading cause of aids-related deaths. diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this french overseas territory which offers an interesting model of amazonian pathogen ecology. the objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for hiv-associated histoplasmosis in french guiana.201425144374
[american histoplasmosis: clinicopathological features in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. a report of two cases of infection by histoplasma capsulatum on reunion island].histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. it shows pulmonary or multivisceral involvement. infective spores are inhaled from soils that contain bat or bird guano. the clinical picture depends on the intensity of the exposure and the immune status of the host.201424878163
in vitro inhibitory effect of miltefosine against strains of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and sporothrix spp.miltefosine (mil), originally developed for use in cancer chemotherapy, has been shown to have important antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi. our aim in this study was to determine the in vitro activity of mil against the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum and sporothrix spp. this was done using the broth microdilution method. mil had an in vitro inhibitory effect against all strains of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum and sporothrix spp. analyzed. the minimal inhibitory concen ...201424662247
[aspergillus galactomannan assay for the management of histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in hiv-infected patients: education from a clinical case].the diagnosis of histoplasmosis due to histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum is based on a direct examination identifying encapsulated yeast with narrow-based budding. galactomannan antigenemia facilitates diagnosis, as well as the monitoring of patients receiving treatment. the case of a hiv-positive patient from congo-brazzaville with a disseminated form of african histoplasmosis highlighted the positive galactomannan antigen in this disease due to histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii. galactom ...201424636196
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