Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| entamoeba funambulae n.sp., from indian palm squirrel, funambulus palmarum. | 1964 | 14238706 | |
| a new coccidium, eimeria bandipurensis n. sp., from the indian palm squirrel, funumbulus palmarum. | 1965 | 5860229 | |
| cytochemical observations during the spermatogenesis of two indian squirrels, funambulus pennanti and funambulus palmarum. | 1966 | 5930284 | |
| fructose and citric acid in the male accessory glands of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1966 | 5950224 | |
| seasonal changes in the histochemical localization of delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary of the five-striped indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1967 | 6082110 | |
| the reproductive cycle of the male indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti wroughton. | 1968 | 5723780 | |
| seasonal variations in cholesterol concentration in the testis, adrenal, liver and plasma of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1968 | 5665313 | |
| seasonal variations in cholesterol concentration in the testis, adrenal, liver and plasma of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennant (wroughton). | 1968 | 5659185 | |
| reproductive cycle of the female five-striped indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1969 | 5388438 | |
| changes in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in response to fracture in indian palm squirrel. | 1970 | 5315364 | |
| neurosecretory system of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1970 | 4099110 | |
| histophysiological changes in the thyroid gland of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wrouhton) in response to varied doses of radioiodine. | 1971 | 5561791 | |
| on the occurrence of ectopic thyroid in the normal and experimental indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1971 | 5557123 | |
| effect of varied doses of x-irradiation on the thyroid histopathology in the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1971 | 5166439 | |
| a new microfilaria from the indian palm squirrel. | 1971 | 5107115 | |
| in situ observations on the structure of the neurosecretory system in the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1971 | 5089014 | |
| histochemical studies on the distribution of some hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the neurons of spinal and trigeminal ganglia and in the trigeminal of squirrel (funambulus palmarum). | 1971 | 4258324 | |
| effects of cadmium chloride on the testis and sex accessory glands of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughthon). | a single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride caused reversible destruction in the testis of palm, squirrel, funambulus pennanti. marked regression in testicular weight and seminiferous tubule diameter associated with complete necrosis of germinal epithelium was observed after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days of cadmium administration. a significant increase in the concentration of testicular cholesterol was observed after 5 days treatment. decrease in the citric acid concentration of prostate gland ... | 1976 | 1036003 |
| thyroid testis inter-relationship in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti wroughton. | the present work attempts to find out a relationship between testicular functions and thyroid activity in a seasonal breeder, indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti wroughton. in addition to radioiodine studies used for assessing thyroid status during different months in the year, biochemical estimations and histological studies have also been undertaken with a view to determine thyroid and testicular functions. testicular recrudescence in indian palm squirrel starts in january and peak activ ... | 1976 | 976205 |
| seasonal reproductive periodicity and thyroid fluctuations in female indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | seasonal reproductive rhythmicity and concomitant thyroid fluctuations have been studied in the female indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. the majority of the squirrels enter estrus during march and april when ovarian follicles attain maximum diameter. ovulation starts in april and continues till june. a large number of degenerating follicles, indicating decline in ovarian functions, is a characteristic feature of the ovary in august. minimum percent thyroid 131i uptake is recorded during ... | 1976 | 1028328 |
| adrenal testis inter-relationship in male indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti wroughton. | the present work attempts to study adrenal-testes relationship in a seasonal breeder, indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. to assess the functional status of the adrenals, its two major components i.e. cholesterol and ascorbic acid were estimated biochemically and the results related with testicular functioning and its cholesterol concentration. in addition, histological studies of the above tissues were also carried out. variation in adrenal function is clearly manifested by fluctuations ... | 1977 | 913354 |
| histochemical mapping of alkaline phosphatase in the cranial, intrinsic & reticular nuclei & fiber tracts of medulla oblongata & pons of squirrel funambulus palmarum. | 1977 | 611091 | |
| histochemical mapping of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the medulla oblongata and pons of squirrel (funambulus palmarum). | the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche) has been investigated in a series of sections passing through the medulla oblongata and pons of the squirrel brain. a comparison of the two enzymes has given an interesting picture of their selective localization in the different nuclei. marked ache activity has been observed in the cranial nerve nuclei. bche activity in various nuclei of the medulla oblongata and pons is variable and occurs diffusely between the ce ... | 1978 | 739561 |
| histochemical mapping of adenyltriphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in the medulla oblongata and pons of squirrel (funambulus palmarum). | 1978 | 153792 | |
| histochemical mapping of alkaline phosphatase in the deep cerebellar nuclei & layers of cerebellum of the squirrel funambulus palmarum. | 1979 | 511242 | |
| histoenzymological mapping of alkaline phosphatase & 5'-nucleotidase in the olfactory lobe of squirrel funambulus palmarum. | 1979 | 521068 | |
| seasonal changes in the activity of calcitonin cells, parathyroid glands and serum calcium level of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti in relation to reproductive cycle. | 1979 | 547886 | |
| response of calcitonin cells, parathyroid glands and bone to prolonged calcitonin administration in the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | the administration of calcitonin (4 mrc units injected intraperitoneally daily for 42 days) caused hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and a decrease in the serum acid phosphatase level in adult indian palm squirrels, funambulus pennanti. hypocalcaemia and the decrease in the serum acid phosphatase level persisted up to 21 days but the hypophosphataemic effect continued throughout the experiment. the serum calcium level increased from day 28 up to day 35 and the serum acid phosphatase level reached ... | 1980 | 7386153 |
| distribution of atpase & 5-nucleotidase in deep cerebellar nuclei & layers of cerebellum of the squirrel funambulus palmarum. | 1980 | 6260630 | |
| activities of alkaline phosphatase and na+-k+-adenosine 5'-triphosphatase in the brain of experimentally produced histidinaemic squirrels (funambulus palmarum). | 1980 | 6246469 | |
| acid phosphatase & 5'-nucleotidase activity in the brain of experimentally induced hyperphenylketonuric squirrels funambulus palmarum. | 1981 | 6268533 | |
| acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in the brain of squirrels (funambulus palmarum) with experimentally induced hyperhistidinaemia. | in hyperhistidinaemic squirrels, changed activities of acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase have been observed in the olfactory lobes and cerebral hemispheres. the possible significance of lowered activity of these lysosomal enzymes in the hyperhistidinaemic brain have been discussed. | 1981 | 6263968 |
| imbalance in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and na+-k+-atpase in the brain of experimentally induced phenylketonuric squirrels (funambulus palmarum). | phenylketonuric squirrels have shown marked inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in the olfactory lobes and cerebral hemispheres, whereas the na+-k+-atpase remained less altered. in the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria inhibition of alkaline phosphatase at the level of "blood-brain barrier" (bbb), leads transport system to impaired functioning. | 1984 | 215445 |
| distribution of simple esterase in the nuclei and fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata of squirrel (funambulus palmarum). | the distribution of simple esterase has been studied in the nuclei and fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata. the simple esterase activity has mainly been observed in the grey matter. the white matter did not reveal enzymatic activity. in the grey matter also the cranial nerve nuclei are intensely stained as compared to intrinsic and reticular nuclei. the distributive pattern of simple esterase in the nuclei has been discussed in relation to its metabolic involvement in brain. | 1984 | 6524461 |
| light and dark pulse response curves in a day active palm squirrel funambulus palmarum. | light pulses (l-pulses 1 h, 1000 1x) and dark pulses (d-pulses, 2 h) reset the phases of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the day active palm squirrel funambulus palmarum. the phase response curves (prcs) constructed from steady-state phase shifts (delta phi s) thus caused conformation to the generalization that the time course and wave form of the light pulse prc (lp-prc) and dark pulse prc (dp-prc) should be opposite in sign. no consistent correlations could be detected in the wak ... | 1986 | 3743725 |
| absence of extraretinal photic entrainment in a diurnal squirrel (funambulus palmarum) and a nocturnal mouse (mus booduga). | 1986 | 3570374 | |
| effect of antiandrogens on the hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and glutamate contents of the indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti, wroughton). | intramuscular administration of 20 mg/kg flutamide (flut) or 50 mg/kg of cyproterone acetate (cpa) daily for a period of three weeks significantly elevated the hypothalamic gaba content. cpa is found to decrease the hypothalamic glutamate level while flut elevated it. both, flut and cpa reduced the hypothalamic weight. | 1986 | 2877895 |
| effect of lead nitrate on thyroid function of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1987 | 3580623 | |
| corrections in the names of rodent coccidia (apicomplexa, coccidiasina). | the following new taxonomic combinations are introduced for coccidia whose names were previously given erroneously: dorisa bengalensis (bandyopadhyay & ray, 1982) n. comb. from the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti in india; eimeria sicistae from the intestine of the birch mouse sicista tianschanica in the ussr; e. hydrochaeri carini, 1937 emend. from the capybara hydrochaerus hydrochaerus in south america; frenkelia sp. (doby, jeannes & rault 1965) from the brain of the water vole arvico ... | 1987 | 3123645 |
| cadmium chloride-induced changes in hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | a single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (cdcl2, 0.32 mg/kg body weight) was administered to 15 adult female palm squirrels (funambulus pennanti (wroughton] and the hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), noradrenaline (na) and dopamine (da) levels were quantified on the 1st, 7th and 40th day. 5-ht levels significantly decreased on the 1st and 40th day but showed an increase on the 7th day. similarly, na levels significantly decreased after 1, 7 and 40 days of treatment, and da le ... | 1988 | 3368930 |
| effect of cadmium chloride on thyroid activity of the female indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | 1988 | 3349198 | |
| studies of secretory cysts in the pituitary gland of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti and their origin and significance. | 1988 | 3229691 | |
| pineal gland and humidity effects on testicular function of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | the effect of two different conditions of humidity (80 +/- 5% and 40 +/- 5%) under stimulatory photoperiod (14l/10d) and high temperature (38 +/- 2 degrees c) was studied on the testes and accessory sex organs of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti, during the sexually active phase. high humidity (80 +/- 5%) reduced significantly the testes weight of the sham-operated animals as compared to the controls under natural environmental conditions but had no effect on that of pinealectomized ... | 1988 | 3171887 |
| antigonadotropic activity of pineal gland of the indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti. | bioassay of the pineal extract of f. pennanti was performed in immature female mice which was previously sensitized with human chorionic gonadotrophin. reduction of ovarian and uterine weights indicated an antigonadotropic nature of the pineal gland of this animal. | 1989 | 2599552 |
| studies of calcitonin cells and parathyroid glands of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti in response to experimental hypercalcaemia. | long term hypercalcaemia was induced in f. pennanti by alternate day intramuscular injections of 50,000 iu of vitamin d2 and by giving them 1% cacl2 solution prepared in tap water to drink. the controls were not injected with vitamin d2 and were given tap water. the serum calcium levels at various stages of the experiment (1-29 days) show increased values as compared with those of control animals. the calcitonin cells in the treated animals generally exhibit an increase in their number up to the ... | 1990 | 313755 |
| temporal synergism of neurotransmitter affecting drugs and seasonal reproductive responses of indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | daily injections of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa, dopamine precursor) given 12 hour after 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp, serotonin precursor) eliminated annual testicular regression in seasonally breeding sub-tropical palm squirrel that undergoes seasonal changes in responsiveness to day-length and humidity. other temporal relations (l-dopa given 0, 4, 8, 16 and 20 hours after 5-htp administration) decreased/delayed the rate of regression and maintained the reproductive system at intermediate l ... | 1990 | 2357326 |
| elimination of testicular regression by 12-hr temporal relationship of serotonergic and dopaminergic activity in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | specific temporal relationship (12-hr) of serotonin and dopamine activity was induced by precursor drugs (5-htp and l-dopa) in indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti during testicular regression phase. this treatment established breeding condition unlike control, which experienced complete atrophy of testes and accessory sex organs. it is obvious that seasonal testicular regression of indian palm squirrel can be eliminated by 12 hr relation of 5-htp and l-dopa, which is not a pharmacological e ... | 1991 | 2054149 |
| kinetics of spermatogenesis in the wild squirrel funambulus palmarum (linnaeus). | the paper describes in detail the morphology and kinetics of germ cell associations, pattern of mitotic divisions, frequency distribution of different cellular associations (stages) and percent degeneration of various germ cells in the squirrel in which spermatogenesis in adults occurs all year round. eighteen steps of spermiogenesis were identified based on the development of the acrosomal system using pas-haematoxylin. these were appropriately divided into golgi, acrosome, cap and maturation p ... | 1991 | 1746238 |
| photoperiodic response of pineal-thyroid axis of the female indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | effect of short (sp: 10 l: 14 d: light: dark) and long (lp: 14 l: 10 d) photoperiod was tested on pineal-thyroid axis in a tropical seasonally breeding rodent f. pennanti during sexually regressive phase of reproduction. sp reduced thyroid weight and plasma thyroxine (t4) as well as increased melatonin (amt) while pinealectomy (px) prevented such an effect of sp. lp and px plus lp had no significant effect on thyroid activity when compared with their respective controls. these results suggest th ... | 1992 | 1466877 |
| gonado-modulatory effects of high humidity is pineal dependent in indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | f. pennanti presented a clear biphasic pineal mediated seasonal sexual cycle. this sexual cycle was essentially characterised by a very short period of sexual quiescence with an arrest of spermatogenesis during october-november. a small but clear decrease in sexual activity was also observed during march-april. this decrease in sexual activity, however, had no quantifiable effect on spermatogenesis. sexual recrudescence was observed from december-january. the testes remained sexually active from ... | 1992 | 1459592 |
| suppression of annual testicular development in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti by 8 hr temporal relationship of serotonin and dopamine precursor drugs. | daily injections of 5-htp (5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin precursor) and l-dopa (l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine precursor) given 8 hour apart inhibited normal testicular growth in seasonally breeding indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti leading to complete gonadal atrophy, which was maintained till the end of the study. hcg administration induced higher degree of gonadal development but, when the two treatments (hcg + 8 hr relationship of 5-htp and l-dopa) were given simultaneously no s ... | 1992 | 1575953 |
| effect of neonatal melatonin and 5-methoxytriptamine administration on the female indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti). | 1994 | 8010621 | |
| effect of photoperiod in the regulation of the annual testicular cycle of a subtropical mammal, the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | in seasonally breeding subtropical mammal, the indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti), reproductive recrudescence is initiated before the winter solstice followed by sexually active condition which extends until the end of summer season. onset of seasonal regression coincides with the annual decrease in daily photoperiod and the increased level of relative humidity resulting from the arrival of monsoon at this latitude. to test the photoperiodic responses, three groups of squirrels were expo ... | 1995 | 7605602 |
| diurnal variations in circulating estradiol, testosterone, melatonin and harderian gland porphyrin concentration in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | a two-peak cyclicity in the plasma level of melatonin, estradiol/testosterone and harderian porphyrin was noted in f. pennanti. an inverse relationship of harderian porphyrin with plasma melatonin and a direct relation of it with plasma estradiol/testoserone level were also observed, suggesting that the variation of harderian, porphyrin concentration may be under the control of both, circulating melatonin and gonadal steroids. | 1996 | 8979509 |
| harderian gland function of indian tropical palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | the harderian gland (hg) of the indian palm squirrel, f. pennanti, is composed of acini of a single type of simple columnar cells with uniform-sized lipid droplets and porphyrin (p) in the lumen. morphologically it presented no sexual dimorphism except for the hg weight which revealed that males are acyclic. circadian study of harderian gland porphyrin (hg-p), plasma melatonin, (amt) and testosterone showed a characteristic two peak cyclicity. in females, hg, hg-p and pineal gland weight, and pl ... | 1996 | 9156608 |
| pineal and 5-methoxyindoles in the regulation of seasonal testicular cycle in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | effects of late afternoon injections of different doses of melatonin (amt) and 5-methoxytryptamine (mt) were studied on the testes in sham operated (so) and pinealectomized (px) f. pennanti during various reproductive phases. 5-methoxyindoles (mi) in doses 10 and 50 micrograms given for 60 continuous days reduced the weight and activity of the testes in so and px animals during the active and regressive phases. during the inactive phase mi administration caused an inhibitory influence on the tes ... | 1997 | 9475067 |
| effects of daily melatonin administration on circadian activity rhythms in the diurnal indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti). | exogenous melatonin induces phase shifts in circadian rhythms according to a phase response curve in nocturnal rodents, several nonmammalian diurnal species, and humans. daily administration of melatonin entrains rhythms within a narrow circadian window of sensitivity in these species. entrainment to exogenous melatonin has not previously been demonstrated in a (nonhuman) diurnal mammal. the authors examined the effects of daily melatonin administration (via food) in the diurnal indian palm squi ... | 1997 | 9438882 |
| effect of pinealectomy and testosterone on gonadal regression and accessory sex organs in indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti), is a tropical seasonal breeder presents a short gonadal regression period (october-november), concomitant with declining plasma testosterone level. if pinealectomized (px), however, squirrels maintain full gonadal activity and plasma testosterone levels. the aim of the present study was, therefore, to determine if the px and exogenous testosterone in intact and px squirrels would prevent natural gonadal regression. experiment was performed during testi ... | 1997 | 9357162 |
| reproductive phase dependent effects of dietary l-tryptophan on biochemical constituents of pineal gland in male indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | tryptophan serves as the substrate for the synthesis of various hydroxy- and methoxyindoles in the pineal gland. in the present study l-tryptophan (l-trp; 0.5 mg/animal/day) was given in drinking water to male indian palm squirrel for 30 days during reproductive active and pineal inactive phase (april) as well as during reproductive inactive and pineal active phase (december). during reproductive active phase serotonin (5-ht) content of pineal gland increased while accessory sex organ's weight d ... | 1997 | 9378514 |
| entrainment of activity rhythms to temperature cycles in diurnal palm squirrels. | ambient temperature cycles entrain circadian rhythms of homeotherms. the phase that entrainment occurs at varies, particularly in diurnal species. we investigated whether ambient temperature cycles of 12 h warm (34 to 40 degrees c) and 12 h cool (24 to 28 degrees c) entrained locomotor activity rhythms of diurnal indian palm squirrels (funambulus pennanti) that were free-running in constant dim light (3.2 to 7.6 lux). seven female squirrels were exposed to the temperature cycle for 21 days, afte ... | 1998 | 9423969 |
| effects of continuous light, continuous darkness and pinealectomy on pineal-thyroid-gonadal axis of the female indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | effects of continuous light (cl; 24l:0d), continuous darkness (cd; 24d:0l) and pinealectomy (px) were tested on pineal-thyroid-gonadal axis of a tropical seasonally breeding rodent, funambulus pennanti during its sexually active reproductive phase (february-march). cl had no effect on pineal, thyroid and ovarian functions as judged by weight, plasma level of thyroxine (t4) and estradiol (e2). however, cd reduced significantly thyroid and ovarian weight and plasma t4, and e2 levels. px was stimul ... | 1998 | 9720970 |
| maternal photoperiodic exposures alter the neonatal growth, pineal functions and sexual development of the indian palm squirrel f. pennanti. short communication. | the phenomenon of maternal transfer of photic information to their young ones is still an enigma. existing reports in some rodents of temperate zone suggest that photoperiodic condition experienced by mother during their gestation period influences the pineal physiology of fetus, but nothing has been reported about the growth and sexual development of pups. present experiment for the first time explains the effect of gestational photoperiod on the growth and sexual development of pups from a sea ... | 1999 | 10599869 |
| social contact synchronizes free-running activity rhythms of diurnal palm squirrels. | social contact with conspecifics entrains rhythms of a number of species, although convincing demonstrations of the phenomenon in diurnal mammals are limited. the present study examined the question of whether social contact mutually synchronizes free-running locomotor activity rhythms of the diurnal indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. twelve male squirrels were housed individually, without visual contact, in two separate laboratories (six in each laboratory). the squirrels were initially ... | 1999 | 10222468 |
| impact of photoperiodic exposures during late gestation and lactation periods on the pineal and reproductive physiology of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | studies on the maternal transfer of photoperiodic information in mammals indicate that the daily photoperiod perceived by the mother during the gestation-lactation period is communicated to the fetus either through the placenta or via the milk. however, the impact of photoperiodic exposures during gestation and lactation on the maternal pineal and reproductive physiology has not been reported for any tropical rodent. the exposure of pregnant female indian palm squirrels (funambulus pennanti) to ... | 2000 | 10864793 |
| profile of organ weights and plasma concentrations of melatonin, estradiol and progesterone during gestation and post-parturition periods in female indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti. | todate, report about the role of pineal gland in maintaining the normal physiology of gestation is scanty. present study is the first of its kind giving a detail profile of organ weights and plasma concentration of melatonin, estradiol and progesterone to suggest a possible role of pineal gland in maintaining normal physiology during gestation and post-parturition periods of female indian palm squirrel f. pennanti. inspite of, inverse pineal-gonadal/melatonin-steroids interrelationship in adult ... | 2000 | 11324168 |
| pineal, photoperiod and gonadal function in the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | effects of morning and evening injections of pineal 5-methoxyindoles (mi), melatonin (amt) and 5-methoxytryptamine (mt), for 60 continuous days, were observed on the testes of sham-operated (so) and pinealectomized (px) indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti maintained under different photoperiods during the gonad active phase. long photoperiod (lp) of 14l:10d appeared stimulatory to the testes and caused a significant increase in the weight and seminiferous tubule diameter of both so and px ... | 2000 | 18494575 |
| reproductive phase depedent circadian variation in the pineal biochemical constituents of indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | in mammals, pineal gland is intimately concerned with the co-ordination of rhythm physiology. biochemical characteristics of pineal gland in man and other mammals may provide strong, yet sometimes elusive support for the belief in functional individuality and probable importance of this tiny gland. in seasonal breeding animals, pineal gland function is very much dependent on the reproductive status. therefore, the aim of this experiment is to note the circadian rhythmicity of different biochemic ... | 2001 | 11396844 |
| relationship between the annual rhythms in melatonin and immune system status in the tropical palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | melatonin (mel) regulation of seasonal variation in immunity has been studied extensively in temperate mammals. this report is the first on a tropical mammal, the indian palm squirrel, f. pennanti. in response to the annual environmental cycle, we studied the rhythms of plasma mel and the immune parameters of total blood leucocytes, absolute blood lymphocytes and blastogenic responses of blood, thymus and spleen lymphocytes. we found that in parallel with mel all the immune parameters increased ... | 2001 | 11247114 |
| circadian locomotor activity rhythms of the diurnal indian palm squirrel in constant light. | the parametric or tonic effects of light were studied in a recently established diurnal circadian model-the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. sixteen squirrels (7 female, 9 male) were housed individually under varying constant light conditions (0.1 lux to 46 lux) with gross locomotor activity continuously monitored. free-running period (tau), amplitude, mesor and day-to-day stability of the activity rhythm were determined using modified periodogram and iterative harmonic analyses, while ... | 2001 | 11247113 |
| pineal control of immune status and hematological changes in blood and bone marrow of male squirrels (funambulus pennanti) during their reproductively active phase. | in addition to pineal control of reproduction in seasonal breeders, melatonin is also known to influence various immune parameters. in the present experiment, we assessed the effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on different hematological parameters of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, together with histological observations of spleen and thymus blastogenic response and stimulation ratio, and hormonal assays (melatonin and testosterone) of indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti) duri ... | 2003 | 15012903 |
| melatonin blocks dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression in a seasonally breeding rodent indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. | in vivo effect of dexamethasone and melatonin on immunomodulation has been investigated by studying the lymphocyte proliferation to the mitogen con a from various lymphoid tissues including bone marrow cells of a seasonally breeding rodent adult male f. pennanti during reproductively inactive phase (october to december). during this phase, animal faces the maximum challenges of the nature (hypothermic stress, scarcity of food and shelter). dexamethasone treatment (60 microg/day/squirrel) for 60 ... | 2004 | 15219786 |
| trade-off between l-thyroxin and melatonin in immune regulation of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti during the reproductively inactive phase. | the thyroid gland and its hormones have been reported to influence reproduction and metabolism in a positive manner. however, research to date provides strong evidence for a reciprocal relationship between the immune system and hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. the present study has been taken to elucidate the effect of l-thyroxin (t(4)) on immune parameters such as total leukocyte count, percent lymphocyte count, blastogenic response and percent stimulation ratio of thymocyte ... | 2005 | 16424677 |
| effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on the epididymis of the indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti). | the effects of alpha-chlorohydrin administration on the epididymis of the indian palm squirrel were investigated. the drug induced dose-and duration related regressive histological changes in the three epididymal segments. in spite of the regressive changes in the epididymis, spermatogenesis continued uninterruptedly in alpha-chlorohydrin-treated animals. treatment with the drug also induced alterations in the levels of epididymal nucleic acids, protein, sialic acid and glycogen. the alterations ... | 2006 | 3727895 |
| the pineal gland of the indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti (wroughton). | in the adult palm squirrel, f. pennanti the pineal is a club shaped, elongated structure with a connective tissue capsule. it consists of various types of pinealocytes, glial cells, neurons, nerve fibres, blood vessels and connective tissue. two types of pinealocytes could be identified by light microscopy. they are large rounded with centrally placed nucleus, and small rounded pinealocytes. they have medium sized processes stainable with alcian blue, periodic acid schiff and nissl methods. the ... | 2008 | 2435243 |
| modulation of immunity in young-adult and aged squirrel, funambulus pennanti by melatonin and p-chlorophenylalanine. | our interest was to find out whether pineal gland and their by melatonin act as modulator of immunosenescence. parachlorophenylalanine (pcpa) - a beta adrenergic blocker, is known to perform chemical pinealectomy (px) by suppressing indirectly the substrate 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) for melatonin synthesis and thereby melatonin itself. the role of pcpa, alone and in combination with melatonin was recorded in immunomodulation and free radical load in spleen of young adult and aged seasonal breed ... | 2009 | 19389248 |
| photoperiod-testicular-immune interaction in a seasonal breeder indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti during the reproductively inactive and active phases. | the differential effect of long (ld; 16 : 8 h light/dark), short (sd; 10 : 14 h light/dark) and natural day length (ndl; 12 : 12 h light/dark) during the reproductively inactive (rip) and active (rap) phases was assessed in relation to immunity and reproductive function of a tropical rodent funambulus pennanti. they presented high immunity and low testicular activity during rip and an opposite during rap. sd increased spleen and thymus weight, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, cell mediated immun ... | 2009 | 19094088 |
| immunocytochemical evidence for different patterns in daily rhythms of vip and avp peptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of diurnal funambulus palmarum. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) is the principal pacemaker that coordinates circadian rhythmicity in mammals. the studies on understanding the circadian system in diurnal rodents are limited. in this study, we have used the 3 striped south indian palm squirrel (funambulus palmarum). the locomotor activity showed a diurnal pattern of activity in ld 12:12, constant darkness (dd) and light (ll) conditions with circadian periods (τ) of 24.19 ± 0.1, 24.11 ± 0.03 and 24.92 ± 0.35 h respectively. ana ... | 2010 | 21156164 |
| long-term melatonin administration attenuates low-let gamma-radiation-induced lymphatic tissue injury during the reproductively active and inactive phases of indian palm squirrels (funambulus pennanti). | a comparative analysis of low linear energy transfer (let) gamma-radiation-induced damage in the lymphatic tissue of a tropical seasonal breeder, indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti), during its reproductively active phase (rap) and inactive phase (rip) was performed with simultaneous investigation of the effects of long-term melatonin pre-treatment (100 microg/100 g body weight). a total of 120 squirrels (60 during rap and 60 during rip) were divided into 12 groups and sacrificed at 4, 24 ... | 2010 | 20139262 |
| immune responses to lipopolysaccharide challenge in a tropical rodent (funambulus pennanti): photoperiod entrainment and sex differences. | annual variation in day length (photoperiod) triggers changes in the immune system of seasonal breeders. the rationale behind this study was to delineate any sex differences in immune responses of photoperiodically entrained animals challenged against lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced inflammatory stress. we observed that photoperiodically entrained [short day, sd, 10 h light (l):14 h dark (d); long day, ld, 16 h l:8 h d; and natural day length, ndl, 12 h l:12 h d] male and female indian palm squ ... | 2012 | 21854165 |
| melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and induces cellular proliferation of lymphoid tissues of a tropical rodent, funambulus pennanti, during reproductively active phase. | effect of melatonin treatment on free radical production was assessed with simultaneous investigation of hormonal level (melatonin and testosterone), blastogenic response, stimulation index, and histological observation of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, and bone marrow) in male indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennanti) during reproductively active phase (rap). low endogenous melatonin and high testosterone level were noted during rap. daily subcutaneous injection of melatonin (25 μg/100 g b w ... | 2013 | 22205185 |
| four hour temporal relation of 5-htp and l-dopa induces inhibitory responses in recrudescing gonad of indian palm squirrel (funambulus pennantii). | daily injections of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa, dopamine precursor) given 4 h after 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp, serotonin precursor) induced inhibitory responses in recrudescing gonad (in the first week of december) of indian palm squirrel, a seasonally breeding subtropical animal. other temporal relations (l-dopa given at 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h after 5-htp administration) did not show any effect on the recrudescing gonad. this inhibitory effect of 4 h was evident under short day length (6 ... | 2013 | 23936664 |
| melatonin improves ultraviolet b-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory conditions in cutaneous tissue of a diurnal indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti. | skin is exposed to various abiotic and biotic factors. solar radiation, of which ultraviolet (uv) rays are a principle component, increases the free radical load, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) causes lipid peroxidation, dna damage and apoptosis, and is also associated with inflammatory responses recruiting molecules [nuclear factor (nf)-κb, interleukin (il)-6] that can potentially further aggravate the damaged milieu of the cells. one of the potent causes of skin cancers ... | 2014 | 24863410 |
| phase and period responses to short light pulses in a wild diurnal rodent, funambulus pennanti. | photic phase response curves (prcs) have been extensively studied in many laboratory-bred diurnal and nocturnal rodents. however, comparatively fewer studies have addressed the effects of photic cues on wild diurnal mammals. hence, we studied the effects of short durations of light pulses on the circadian systems of the diurnal indian palm squirrel, funambulus pennanti. adult males entrained to a light-dark cycle (12 h-12 h) were transferred to constant darkness (dd). free-running animals were e ... | 2014 | 24180638 |
| maternal transfer of melatonin alters the growth and sexual maturation of young indian palm squirrel funambulus pennanti. | to date, the phenomenon of maternal transfer of hormones to the young is an enigma. the present study explains for the first time the maternal transfer of melatonin (mel) to the young, affecting neonatal growth and sexual maturation. the suckling pups of mel-treated mothers exhibited significant decreases in body, testicular, vas deferens (male pups), ovarian and uterine (female pups) weights and increases in pineal gland activity along with high plasma mel levels. the plasma level of testostero ... | 2017 | 11490097 |