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laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gram-negative bacterium isolated from a cirrhotic patient with bacteremia and empyema.a bacterium was isolated from the blood and empyema of a cirrhotic patient. the cells were facultatively anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-negative, seagull shaped or spiral rods. the bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as nonhemolytic, gray colonies 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees c in ambient air. growth also occurs on macconkey agar and at 25 and 42 degrees c but not at 4, 44, and 50 degrees c. the bacterium can grow in 1 or 2% but not 3, 4, or 5% nacl. no enhancement of ...200111724825
laribacter hongkongensis: a potential cause of infectious diarrhea.in this study, we describe the isolation of laribacter hongkongensis, a recently described genus and species of bacterium, in pure culture on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar from the stool of six patients with diarrhea. three patients were residents of hong kong, and three of switzerland. in none of the stool samples obtained from these six patients was salmonella, shigella, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, vibrio, aeromonas, plesiomonas, or campylobacter recovered. rotavirus antigen ...200314711474
use of cefoperazone macconkey agar for selective isolation of laribacter hongkongensis.a new selective medium, cefoperazone macconkey agar (cma), was developed for primary isolation of laribacter hongkongensis from stool. its performance in quantitative recovery and in a clinical evaluation of 4,741 human diarrheal stool specimens was superior to that of charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. in addition, with cma, arcobacter butzleri was unexpectedly isolated from the stools of six patients.200314532237
does laribacter hongkongensis cause diarrhoea, or does diarrhoea "cause" l hongkongensis? 200415194250
association of laribacter hongkongensis in community-acquired gastroenteritis with travel and eating fish: a multicentre case-control study.laribacter hongkongensis has been recovered from several patients with gastroenteritis. however, the causative role of this organism in human gastroenteritis is still unproven, and sources of the bacterium are unknown. we undertook a multicentre case-control study to investigate the association of l hongkongensis with gastroenteritis.200415194253
ecoepidemiology of laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis.in a territory-wide surveillance study, laribacter hongkongensis was isolated solely from freshwater fish (60% of grass carps, 53% of bighead carps, and 25% of mud carps). comparing the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of fish and patient isolates revealed that most patient isolates were clustered together, suggesting that some clones could be more virulent.200515695706
cloning and characterization of a chromosomal class c beta-lactamase and its regulatory gene in laribacter hongkongensis.laribacter hongkongensis, a newly discovered bacterium recently shown to be associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis, is generally resistant to most beta-lactams except the carbapenems. we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel chromosomal class c beta-lactamase and its regulatory gene in l. hongkongensis. two genes, ampc and ampr, were cloned by inserting restriction fragments of genomic dna from l. hongkongensis strain hlhk5 into pbk-cmv to give the recombinant plasmid ...200515855519
current status and future directions for laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea.despite extensive investigations, a microbiological cause cannot be found in about half of the patients with infectious disease. throughout the years, scientists have spent tremendous efforts in looking for microorganisms associated with these "unexplained infectious disease syndromes". recently, a novel bacterium, laribacter hongkongensis, was discovered and shown to be associated with gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. this review summarizes the current status, and shares with the read ...200516148528
construction of an inducible expression shuttle vector for laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis.an escherichia coli-laribacter hongkongensis shuttle vector (ppw380) was constructed by ligating the 4701-bp ecori digested fragment of phlhk8 to ecori digested pbk-cmv. an e. coli-l. hongkongensis inducible expression shuttle vector was further constructed by ligating a 2105-bp fragment that contains the tetracycline repressor and tetracycline-inducible promoter region of palc2084 to the 8897-bp fragment of ppw380, deletion of the green fluorescent protein gene, and insertion of a multiple clon ...200516165318
seasonal and tissue distribution of laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, in retail freshwater fish in hong kong.laribacter hongkongensis, a recently discovered bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis, has been found in the intestines of freshwater fish. to better understand the epidemiology and ecology of the bacterium, we carried out a surveillance study to investigate possible seasonal variation in the recovery of l. hongkongensis and its distribution in various organs in retail freshwater fish in hong kong. forty whole freshwater fish of two species (20 grass carps and 20 bighead c ...200716996630
laribacter hongkongensis isolated from a patient with community-acquired gastroenteritis in hangzhou city.we describe the isolation of laribacter hongkongensis in hangzhou city, people's republic of china. one strain of bacterium, named lhhz242, had many of the same phenotypic and genotypic characteristics as laribacter hongkongensis described in previous publications. this discovery proves that laribacter hongkongensis is also associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis outside hong kong.200717021061
plasmid profile and construction of a small shuttle vector in laribacter hongkongensis.among 21 human strains of laribacter hongkongensis, small plasmids were observed in four strains, and large ones in six strains. the smallest, 3264-bp plasmid, phlhk19, has only one orf that encodes a putative replication initiator protein and a predicted origin of replication (ori) with a dnaa box, three 18-bp direct repeats and five pairs of inverted repeats. an escherichia coli-l. hongkongensis shuttle vector was constructed by ligating the hindiii-digested phlhk19, containing the replication ...200717609856
characterization of a novel cryptic plasmid, phlhk26, in laribacter hongkongensis.we report the complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of a cryptic plasmid, phlhk26, recovered from a strain of laribacter hongkongensis isolated from a patient with community acquired gastroenteritis. phlhk26 consists of 8700 bp, with g + c content 51.3%. the copy number (mean +/- sd) is 0.57 +/- 0.07 and it is stable after four passages (about 240 generations) in the absence of selection. there is a predicted origin of replication that consists of a dnaa box and five 22-bp direct rep ...200717619258
isolation of laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, from drinking water reservoirs in hong kong.freshwater fish has been found to be the reservoir of laribacter hongkongensis, a recently discovered bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis. however, little is known about the ecology of this bacterium in the aquatic environment. we carried out a surveillance study to investigate the presence of l. hongkongensis in water and freshwater fish from 10 drinking water reservoirs in hong kong.200717714383
advances in defining etiology and new therapeutic approaches in acute diarrhea.defining etiology of acute diarrhea is critical to disease therapy and prevention. in this review we look at recent developments in etiologic agents of acute diarrhea and advances in therapy and prevention of the illness. newly appreciated agents include enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis, klebsiella oxytoca and laribacter hongkongensis. atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strains lacking the gene for epithelial attachment appear to be more important as causes of diarrhea than traditional ...200717825422
distribution and molecular characterization of tetracycline resistance in laribacter hongkongensis.laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered bacterium associated with gastroenteritis and found in freshwater fish. although isolates resistant to tetracycline have been described, their resistance mechanisms have not been studied.200818227089
then and now: use of 16s rdna gene sequencing for bacterial identification and discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories.in the last decade, as a result of the widespread use of pcr and dna sequencing, 16s rdna sequencing has played a pivotal role in the accurate identification of bacterial isolates and the discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories. for bacterial identification, 16s rdna sequencing is particularly important in the case of bacteria with unusual phenotypic profiles, rare bacteria, slow-growing bacteria, uncultivable bacteria and culture-negative infections. not only has it pr ...200818828852
isolation of laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, from chinese tiger frog.laribacter hongkongensis is a recently discovered novel bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis. although the bacterium has been isolated from freshwater fish and natural freshwater environments, it is not known if other freshwater animals could also be a source of l. hongkongensis. in a surveillance study on freshwater food animals (other than fish) in hong kong, l. hongkongensis was isolated from eight of 10 chinese tiger frogs (hoplobatrachus chinensis), a widespread frog ...200919033083
development of a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with freshwater fish-borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea.laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered, facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, motile, sea gull-shaped rod associated with freshwater fish borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. a highly reproducible and discriminative typing system is essential for better understanding of the epidemiology of l. hongkongensis. in this study, a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system was developed for l. hongkongensis. the system was used to characterize 146 l. hongkongensis isolates, including 39 ...200919178751
susceptibility patterns of clinical and fish isolates of laribacter hongkongensis: comparison of the etest, disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 60 strains of laribacter hongkongensis isolated from humans and fish to eight antibiotics and compare the results obtained from broth microdilution, etest and disc diffusion susceptibility testing.200919202149
environmental surveillance for laribacter hongkongensis, a diarrhoeal pathogen discovered in hong kong.1. laribacter hongkongensis was isolated from the midguts and hindguts of 86 (24%) of 360 freshwater fish from retail markets, including grass carp (60%), bighead carp (53%), mud carp (25%), and large-mouth bass (5%). 2. this study is the first to demonstrate the presence of l hongkongensis in natural water environments, with the bacterium being isolated from the waters of six reservoirs, with higher recovery rates in summer and during days of higher water and ambient temperatures. 3. molecular ...200919258631
the complete genome and proteome of laribacter hongkongensis reveal potential mechanisms for adaptations to different temperatures and habitats.laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered gram-negative bacillus of the neisseriaceae family associated with freshwater fish-borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. the complete genome sequence of l. hongkongensis hlhk9, recovered from an immunocompetent patient with severe gastroenteritis, consists of a 3,169-kb chromosome with g+c content of 62.35%. genome analysis reveals different mechanisms potentially important for its adaptation to diverse habitats of human and freshwater fish ...200919283063
[prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of laribacter hongkongensis and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhea in guangzhou].to survey the prevalence of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and laribacter hongkongensis (lh) and their drug resistance in diarrhea patients in guangzhou.201020335108
multi-locus sequence typing scheme for laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with freshwater fish-borne gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. 201020864740
random exploration of the laribacter hongkongensis genome. 201020864741
identification and characterization of integron-associated antibiotic resistant laribacter hongkongensis isolated from aquatic products in china.laribacter hongkongensis is a recently discovered bacterium associated with gastroenteritis. in this study, a total of 199 isolates of this species obtained from aquatic products (n=462) in guangzhou city, china, were examined for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and the presence of antimicrobial resistance integrons. the genetic relatedness of the isolates with integrons was also evaluated. a pcr-based method was used to screen integrons and found that 13 (6.5%) of the isolates h ...201021075469
isolation of laribacter hongkongensis from little egrets (egretta garzetta) in hangzhou, china.laribacter hongkongensis is well adapted to diverse freshwater environments and is associated with human community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. the study intended to investigate whether l. hongkongensis could be detected in little egrets (egretta garzetta, a widespread aquatic bird) in hangzhou, china.201121299577
aptamer-mediated inhibition of mycobacterium tuberculosis polyphosphate kinase 2.inorganic polyphosphate (polyp) plays a number of critical roles in bacterial persistence, stress, and virulence. polyp intracellular metabolism is regulated by the polyphosphate kinase (ppk) protein families, and inhibition of ppk activity is a potential approach to disrupting polyp-dependent processes in pathogenic organisms. here, we biochemically characterized mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) ppk2 and developed dna-based aptamers that inhibit the enzyme's catalytic activities. mtb ppk2 catal ...201121381755
bacteremia caused by laribacter hongkongensis misidentified as acinetobacter lwoffii: report of the first case in korea.laribacter hongkongensis is an emerging pathogen in patients with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. we herein report a case of l. hongkongensis infection in a 24-yr-old male with liver cirrhosis complicated by wilson's disease. he was admitted to a hospital with only abdominal distension. on day 6 following admission, he complained of abdominal pain and his body temperature reached 38.6℃. the results of peritoneal fluid evaluation revealed a leukocyte count of 1,180/µl ...201121532861
environmental adaptability and stress tolerance of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis. 201121711489
virulence determinants, drug resistance and mobile genetic elements of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis. 201121711902
detection of laribacter hongkongensis using species-specific duplex pcr assays targeting the 16s rrna gene and the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region (isr).aims:ôçé for the rapid detection of laribacter hongkongensis, which is associated with human community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea, we developed a duplex species-specific pcr assay. methods and results:ôçé full-length of the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region (isr) sequences of 52 l.-áhongkongensis isolates were obtained by pcr-based sequencing. two species-specific primer pairs targeting 16s rrna gene and isr were designed for duplex pcr detection of l.-áhongkongensis. ...201121689224
Structural and functional insight into the mechanism of an alkaline exonuclease from Laribacter hongkongensis.Alkaline exonuclease and single-strand DNA (ssDNA) annealing proteins (SSAPs) are key components of DNA recombination and repair systems within many prokaryotes, bacteriophages and virus-like genetic elements. The recently sequenced ß-proteobacterium Laribacter hongkongensis (strain HLHK9) encodes putative homologs of alkaline exonuclease (LHK-Exo) and SSAP (LHK-Bet) proteins on its 3.17 Mb genome. Here, we report the biophysical, biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant LHK-Ex ...201121893587
transport genes and chemotaxis in laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis.abstract:201121849034
general metabolism of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis. 201121711917
the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and pfge profiles of laribacter hongkongensis in retail freshwater fish and edible frogs of southern china.laribacter hongkongensis is a novel emerging pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis. we aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genotypic relationship of 199 l. hongkongensis isolates from 690 intestinal samples of fish and frogs. these samples were collected from retail markets in the city of guangzhou in southern china from october 2008 to september 2009. l. hongkongensis was detected in from 80 (16.3%) out of 490 freshwater fish, and this number included 76 ( ...201222850382
hookworm with hypereosinophilia: atypical presentation of a typical disease.we describe a 55-year-old man returning from the philippines infected with a hookworm, the novel bacterium laribacter hongkongensis, and a blastocystis hominis and presenting with both gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. the high eosinophilia caused by the hookworm infection resulted in both gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, resembling a hypereosinophilic syndrome.201323809080
re-annotation of protein-coding genes in 10 complete genomes of neisseriaceae family by combining similarity-based and composition-based methods.in this paper, we performed a comprehensive re-annotation of protein-coding genes by a systematic method combining composition- and similarity-based approaches in 10 complete bacterial genomes of the family neisseriaceae. first, 418 hypothetical genes were predicted as non-coding using the composition-based method and 413 were eliminated from the gene list. both the scatter plot and cluster of orthologous groups (cog) fraction analyses supported the result. second, from 20 to 400 hypothetical pr ...201323571676
development of an eric sequence typing scheme for laribacter hongkongensis, an emerging pathogen associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and travellers' diarrhoea.laribacter hongkongensis is a potential emerging pathogen, associated with community-acquired diarrhoea. for epidemiological purposes, different molecular typing methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing, have been developed for this pathogen. however, these methods require specialized equipment and costly reagents. more importantly, they are labour-intensive and time-consuming, which is not really suitable for foodborne disease outbreak investigati ...201323329321
a novel pathogen for gastroenteritis: laribacter hongkongensis. 201323867687
prevalence and characterization of quinolone resistance in laribacter hongkongensis from grass carp and chinese tiger frog.laribacter hongkongensis is a food-borne bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and diarrhoea. quinolone resistance was recently reported in bacterial isolates from aquatic products, but the molecular mechanisms for resistance were still unknown. in this study, a total of 157 l. hongkongensis strains were isolated from grass carps (n = 443) and chinese tiger frogs (n = 171). twenty-one ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were analysed for mutations in quinolone resistance-deter ...201323906590
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of laribacter hongkongensis.laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, s-shaped, urease-positive bacillus associated with invasive infections in liver cirrhosis patients and community-acquired gastroenteritis. most cases of l hongkongensis infections occur in eastern countries. information is lacking on the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for the identification of bacteria important in eastern countries. using the bru ...201323814260
identification of host-immune response protein candidates in the sera of human oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.one of the most common cancers worldwide is oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), which is associated with a significant death rate and has been linked to several risk factors. notably, failure to detect these neoplasms at an early stage represents a fundamental barrier to improving the survival and quality of life of oscc patients. in the present study, serum samples from oscc patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25) were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and silver ...201425272005
laribacter hongkongensis: an emerging pathogen of infectious diarrhea.laribacter hongkongensis is relatively a new name in the list of bacterial pathogens for gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea. addition of another name increases burden on the enteric infections as a whole. l. hongkongensis belongs to neisseriaceae family of β subclass proteobacteria. l. hongkongensis was initially isolated in hong kong from blood and empyema of an alcoholic cirrhotic patient in 2001, followed by reports from korea and china, representing a total of 38 articles in pubmed unti ...201424481985
rpsu-based discrimination within the genus burkholderia.sequencing of the gene rpsu reliably delineates saprophytic burkholderia (b.) thailandensis from highly pathogenic b. mallei and b. pseudomallei. we analyzed the suitability of this technique for the delineation of the b. pseudomallei complex from other burkholderia species. both newly recorded and previously deposited sequences of well-characterized or reference strains (n = 84) of azoarcus spp., b. ambifaria, b. anthina, b. caledonica, b. caribensis, b. caryophylli, b. cenocepacia, b. cepacia, ...201424883196
an adult zebrafish model for laribacter hongkongensis infection: koch's postulates fulfilled.laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative emerging bacterium associated with invasive bacteremic infections in patients with liver disease and fish-borne community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. although the complete genome of l. hongkongensis has been sequenced, no animal model is available for further study of its pathogenicity mechanisms. in this study, we showed that adult zebrafish infected with l. hongkongensis by immersion following dermal abrasion or intraperitoneal ...201426038498
a novel mlst sequence type discovered in the first fatal case of laribacter hongkongensis bacteremia clusters with the sequence types of other human isolates.laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, s-shaped, asaccharolytic, urease-positive bacillus in the neisseriaceae family of β-proteobacteria. to date, all patients with l. hongkongensis infection have survived, including the two patients with l. hongkongensis bacteremia and patients with l. hongkongensis gastroenteritis. in this study, we describe the clinical, microbiological and molecular characterization of the first fatal case associated with l. hongkongensi ...201426038743
molecular insight of putative pathogenicity markers with esbl genes and lipopolysaccharide in laribacter hongkongensis.laribacter hongkongensis is an emerging bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. however, pathogenicity of l. hongkongensis has not yet been properly understood. we therefore, investigated putative pathogenicity markers like elt, est, stx1, stx2, eae, eaf, eagg, bfpa, int i, int ii, int iii and cnf respectively in strains received from queen mary hospital, hong kong university. above genes were commonly found among pathogenic member genera of enterobacteriaceae-causi ...201425154369
arginine deiminase pathway is far more important than urease for acid resistance and intracellular survival in laribacter hongkongensis: a possible result of arc gene cassette duplication.laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative, urease-positive bacillus associated with invasive bacteremic infections in liver cirrhosis patients and fish-borne community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. its mechanisms of adaptation to various environmental niches and host defense evasion are largely unknown. during the process of analyzing the l. hongkongensis genome, a complete urease cassette and two adjacent arc gene cassettes were found. we hypothesize that the urease casset ...201424533585
definitive identification of laribacter hongkongensis acquired in the united states.laribacter hongkongensis is a potential emerging pathogen associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. we report the isolation of l. hongkongensis from the stool of a patient who had no history of travel outside the united states. the organism was identified by phenotypic tests, mass spectrometry, and gene sequencing.201525948608
molecular characterization of arginine deiminase pathway in laribacter hongkongensis and unique regulation of arginine catabolism and anabolism by multiple environmental stresses.the betaproteobacterium laribacter hongkongensis is associated with invasive bacteremic infections and gastroenteritis. its genome contains two adjacent arc gene cassettes (arc1 and arc2) under independent transcriptional control, which are essential for acid resistance. laribacter hongkongensis also encodes duplicate copies of the arga and argb genes from the arginine biosynthesis pathway. we show that arginine enhances the transcription of arca2 but suppresses arca1 expression. we demonstrate ...201525950829
investigation on the effect of the ecological parameters on the prevalence of laribacter hongkongensis in freshwater fish and in human. 201626776134
first report of laribacter hongkongensis peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.the most common pathogens associated with peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) are gram-positive bacteria, which constitute 60 - 80% of all isolates. with the advancement of molecular technologies for bacterial identification, cases of capd-related peritonitis caused by bacteria previously not known to be associated with this clinical condition have been reported. here we report the first case of capd-related peritonitis due to laribacter hongkongensis.201626838992
laribacter hongkongensis anaerobic adaptation mediated by arginine metabolism is controlled by the cooperation of fnr and argr.laribacter hongkongensis is a fish-borne pathogen associated with invasive infections and gastroenteritis. its adaptive mechanisms to oxygen-limiting conditions in various environmental niches remain unclear. in this study, we compared the transcriptional profiles of l. hongkongensis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using rna-sequencing. expression of genes involved in arginine metabolism significantly increased under anoxic conditions. arginine was exploited as the sole energy source in l ...201728028888
transcriptomic analysis of laribacter hongkongensis reveals adaptive response coupled with temperature.bacterial adaptation to different hosts requires transcriptomic alteration in response to the environmental conditions. laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, urease-positive bacillus caused infections in liver cirrhosis patients and community-acquired gastroenteritis. it was also found in intestine from commonly consumed freshwater fishes and drinking water reservoirs. since l. hongkongensis could survive as either fish or human pathogens, their survival mechanisms ...201728085929
multi-locus sequence typing of laribacter hongkongensis isolates from freshwater animals, environment and diarrhea patients in southern china.laribacter hongkongensis is a novel emerging bacterium associated with gastroenteritis and invasive bacteremic infections. freshwater fish and edible frogs have been identified as major reservoirs of l. hongkongensis. currently one of the main challenges in l. hongkongensis research is to identify their sources and possible transmission routes. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and relatedness of these l. hongkongensis isolates to their hosts in the hope of shedding li ...201728161435
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