Publications

three groups of babesia canis distinguished and a proposal for nomenclature.	two stocks of large babesia from dogs originating in france, transmitted by dermacentor reticulatus, two from north africa, having rhipicephalus sanguineus as vector, and one from south africa, transmitted by haemaphysalis leachi, were compared in cross-immunity tests in dogs and in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). the french and north african stocks did not immunise against the south african one, while the north african stocks did not protect against a french one. the south africa ...	1989	2655263
babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli, babesia canis rossi: differentiation of the three subspecies by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on amplified small subunit ribosomal rna genes.	the parasites babesia canis and babesia gibsoni (phylum apicomplexa) are responsible for canine babesiosis throughout the world. babesia canis was previously described as a group of three biologically different subspecies, namely b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi. we report partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu-rdna) of each subspecies amplified in vitro with primers derived from a semi-conserved region of the ssu-rdna genes in other babesia species. the po ...	1999	10377990
molecular characterisation of babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected european dogs.	the morphologically small babesia species isolated from naturally infected dogs in europe, japan, and us are described as babesia gibsoni despite the fact that molecular techniques show that they should be assigned to two or three separate taxons. the morphologically large babesia isolated from dogs in europe, africa, and us were generally classified as b. canis until it was proposed to distinguish three related, albeit genetically distinct subspecies of this genus, namely b. canis canis, b. can ...	2002	12079734
molecular studies on babesia, theileria and hepatozoon in southern europe. part i. epizootiological aspects.	molecular epizootiology of piroplasmids (babesia spp., theileria spp.) and hepatozoon canis was studied in mammals from southern europe (mainly from spain, but also from portugal and france). partial amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene was used for molecular diagnosis. in some particular cases (b. ovis and b. bovis) the complete 18s rrna gene was sequenced. blood samples were taken from domestic animals showing clinical symptoms: 10 dogs, 10 horses, 10 cows, 9 sheep and 1 goat. in ...	2003	12719133
epidemiological survey of babesia species in japan performed with specimens from ticks collected from dogs and detection of new babesia dna closely related to babesia odocoilei and babesia divergens dna.	detection and analysis of babesia species from ticks recovered from dogs in japan were attempted by pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis based on the 18s rrna gene, respectively. a total of 1136 ticks were examined for babesia dna by 18s rrna-based pcr and nucleotide sequencing. partial sequences of babesia canis vogeli dna were detected from six ticks in aomori, nara, hiroshima, oita, and okinawa prefectures; and babesia gibsoni asia-1 dna was also detected in four ticks in osaka, hiroshima, mi ...	2003	12904344
two species of canine babesia in australia: detection and characterization by pcr.	the haemoprotozoan babesia canis has been recognized in australia for many years, and a second, smaller species has recently been discovered. amplification and sequencing of a partial region of the 18s small subunit ribosomal rna (rrna) gene enabled detection and characterization of the large and small canine babesiae of australia for the first time. isolates from northern australia were genetically characterized to be 99% homologous to babesia canis vogeli, confirming previous speculation about ...	2003	12760669
confirmation of occurrence of babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs in south africa.	the prevalence of babesia infections in domestic dogs in south africa was studied using reverse line blot hybridization and 18s sequence analysis. babesia canis vogeli was confirmed for the first time in domestic dogs in south africa. out of a total of 297 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in bloemfontein, east london, johannesburg, durban and from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital, 31 were positive for babesia canis rossi, whereas b. c. vogeli was detected in 13 dogs. none ...	2004	15177716
canine babesiosis in slovenia: molecular evidence of babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli.	canine babesiosis, caused by intraerythrocytic babesia spp., is a tick-borne disease of worldwide importance. no information on canine babesiosis has been documented in slovenia. therefore, 238 dogs admitted to the small animal clinic in ljubljana from the years 2000 to 2002 were tested for the presence of babesial parasites in the blood. based on clinical, microscopic and molecular investigations, 14 dogs (5.9%) were determined as being infected with babesiae. clinical signs relating to acute h ...	2004	15210084
first molecular detection of babesia vogeli in dogs from brazil.	the present work describes the detection and first molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in dogs, naturally infected in brazil and even in south america. microscopic examination of giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears collected from dogs originating from four different locations in brazil revealed the presence of large babesia merozoites and trophozoites (>2.5 microm). dna was extracted from infected blood samples and pcr amplifications of the 18s rdna were carried out. as a reference, ...	2005	15619377
geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003).	to identify the geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and determine, for dogs other than american pit bull terriers (apbts), whether infection was associated with a recent dog bite.	2005	16190594
seroepidemiology of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in a hospital population.	canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis have a worldwide distribution with geographic variation in prevalence and main clinical manifestations. we prospectively determined seroprevalence of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, and risk factors for seropositivity. three hundred and eighty-one dogs were randomly selected to represent the canine population at a veterinary teaching hospital in south brazil (latitude 23 degrees s). dogs were tested with a point-of-care elisa for ehrlichia canis antibodies ...	2006	16647817
detection of anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli and their impact on platelet numbers in free-roaming dogs associated with remote aboriginal communities in australia.	to detect anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli infection, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays, in free-roaming dogs associated with eight aboriginal communities in remote areas of australia and to determine the impact of infection through the assessment of platelet numbers.	2006	16958629
babesia canis vogeli: a novel pcr for its detection in dogs in australia.	babesia canis vogeli is known to cause disease in dogs in australia, and the rapid detection of various subspecies would enable effective treatment and management. a 21 bp oligonucleotide, "bab-f" was proposed for the production of larger pcr products with high species specificity that would enable effective sequence analyses to yield subspecies identification. the new forward primer when paired with a previously reported "babesia common" reverse primer generated a 394 bp product which was succe ...	2006	16256109
new advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from venezuela, thailand and spain.	the prevalence of hematozoan infections (hepatozoon canis and babesia sp., particularly babesia canis vogeli) in canids from venezuela, thailand and spain was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene. h. canis infections caused simultaneously by two different isolates were confirmed by rflp analysis in samples from all the geographic regions studied. in venezuela, blood samples from 134 dogs were surveyed. babesia infections were found in 2.24% of the dogs. comparison of sequ ...	2007	17088022
epidemiological aspects of canine babesiosis in the semiarid area of the state of minas gerais, brazil.	epidemiological aspects of babesia vogeli infection were studied in the canine population of a rural town located in the brazilian "drought polygon" of the state of minas gerais, brazil. the survey was carried out in march 2003, when 505 dogs were identified and their characteristics registered on appropriate forms. blood samples were collected at this time and again in june, september and december 2003. serum samples were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) to detect antibod ...	2007	17210194
endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi.	this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and outcome in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. ninety-five dogs with canine babesiosis were studied and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital. serum cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), thyroxine, free thyroxine and thyrot ...	2007	17614201
prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and rickettsia spp. in dogs from grenada.	to identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). in 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for e. canis, respectively. in 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and pcr. dna of e. canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, and bartonella ...	2008	18160223
molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in south africa.	a total of 1,138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000-2006) from domestic dogs in south africa. specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah) in pretoria, the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (johannesburg, durban, east london and bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (gauteng, mpumalanga, kwazulu-natal and western cape). all specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon an ...	2008	18502588
serum cardiac troponin i concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis.	ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs.	2008	18638021
canine vector-borne diseases in brazil.	abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ...	2008	18691408
the application of pcr and reverse line blot hybridization to detect arthropod-borne hemopathogens of dogs and cats in trinidad.	arthropod-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality of companion animals in trinidad. as clinical signs are vague, more sensitive methods to diagnose these diseases based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) of amplified products are being developed. an rlb of 14 oligonucleotide probes coupled with polymerase chain-amplified regions of 16s rrna or 18s rrna genes of hemoparasites from cats and dogs detected ehrlichia canis, ...	2008	19120209
babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli clinicopathological findings and dna detection by means of pcr-rflp in blood from italian dogs suspected of tick-borne disease.	the aims of this study were to determine the presence of babesia spp. in blood samples from italian dogs with clinical signs compatible with tick-borne diseases by means of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and describe the clinicopathological findings of dogs with babesia infection. we evaluated the majority of canine babesiosis cases by means of clinical history, physical examination, hematological, biochemical, serum electrophoresis, urinalysis and hemostatic tests. forty-fi ...	2008	18789581
assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi by pcr assay.	canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either babesia gibsoni or babesia canis protozoans. the latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli and b. canis rossi. the objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a pcr assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. first, the reference sequences of the 18s rrna, 5.8s rrna and 28s rrna genes, including the internal transcrib ...	2008	18242863
first molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in two naturally infected dogs of buenos aires, argentina.	large piroplasms (>2.5microm) were detected by direct microscopical investigation in 34 out of 16,767 (0.20%) canine blood smears in the southern region of greater buenos aires. genomic dna was extracted from two parasitemic dogs and the hypervariable 18s rna gene region of the pathogen was specifically amplified, sequenced, and aligned with corresponding gene sequences available in the genbank. phylogenetic trees were constructed and compared. 18s rna gene sequences reliably segregated in three ...	2008	18786765
babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli infections in dogs from northern portugal.	canine babesiosis represents an important veterinary medical problem. this study describes the molecular characterization of babesial parasites detected in eight clinically suspected dogs from northern portugal, affected by lethargy, muscle tremors, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, hyperthermia or red-coloured urine. microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears showed large intraerythrocytic piroplasms morphologically compatible with babesia canis in all eight animals. dna was extracted ...	2008	18602757
detection and molecular characterization of babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in tunisia.	canine babesiosis, caused by intra-erythrocytic babesia, is a tick-borne disease of worldwide importance. no information on canine babesiosis has been documented in tunisia. detection and analysis of babesia species from naturally infected dogs and ticks recovered from dogs were attempted by reverse line blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis based on 18s rrna gene. out of 180 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in 4 villages situated in different bioclimatic zones, 12 were p ...	2008	18242865
diversity ofbabesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia.	babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species ofbabesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterized by p ...	2009	19640468
diversity of babesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia.	babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species of babesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterised by ...	2009	19367832
detection of erythrocyte binding igm and igg by flow cytometry in sick dogs with babesia canis canis or babesia canis vogeli infection.	the aim of this study was to examine by means of flow cytometry immunophenotyping (fci) if sick dogs infected with babesia canis canis (b. c. canis) or babesia canis vogeli (b. c. vogeli) had anti-erythrocyte membrane binding igg and/or igm at the time of diagnosis. diagnosis of babesia infection was assessed by blood smear and by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 30 sick dogs. signalment, clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests of b. c. canis (n=24) an ...	2009	19269745
pcr survey of vectorborne pathogens in dogs living in and around barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniasis.	blood samples from 153 dogs living in and around barcelona were assayed for leishmania infantum and ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, hepatozoon, babesia and theileria species by pcr amplification of dna, and the amplicons obtained were sequenced. the prevalence of the infectious agents was l infantum (29.4 per cent), ehrlichia and anaplasma species (4.0 per cent), hepatozoon canis (3.3 per cent), babesia canis vogeli (2.0 per cent), babesia gibsoni (2.0 per cent), babesia canis cani ...	2009	19168881
ticks and haemoparasites of dogs from praia, cape verde.	in february 2008 an epidemiological field study on arthropod-borne infections in dogs was carried out in praia, the capital city of cape verde. for this purpose 130 dogs were included in the study. of these, 94.6% were infested with ticks. altogether, 1293 ticks of the genus rhipicephalus (in all evaluated cases r. sanguineus) were collected. examination for haemotropic parasites was performed via polymerase chain reaction (pcr). lymph node fine-needle aspirates were screened by pcr for leishman ...	2009	19729247
molecular analysis of the rrna genes of babesia spp and ehrlichia canis detected in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil.	the partial dna sequences of the 18s rrna gene of babesia canis and the 16s rrna gene of ehrlichia canis detected in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil, were compared to sequences from other strains deposited in genbank. the e. canis strain circulating in ribeirão preto is identical to other strains previously detected in the region, whereas the subspecies babesia canis vogeli is the main babesia strain circulating in dogs from ribeirão preto.	2009	24031351
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.	this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...	2009	18723199
hemoprotozoa of domestic animals in france: prevalence and molecular characterization.	very limited information is available on epizootiology of haematozoan infections in french domestic animals. in an attempt to address this issue, prevalence of piroplasmida was studied in carnivores and ruminants, whereas prevalence of hepatozoon spp. was only investigated in carnivores. in total, 383 animals were included in the survey (namely 116 cats, 108 dogs, 91 sheep and 68 cows). parasite diagnosis was carried out using molecular methods such as pcr and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene. in ...	2009	19013719
diagnosis of canine vector-borne diseases in young dogs: a longitudinal study.	canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly when a dog is coinfected with more than one pathogen. the purpose of this study was to generate information about the diagnosis of cvbds in young dogs following their first exposure to flea, tick, sand fly, louse, and mosquito vectors. from march 2008 to may 2009, 10 purpose-bred young naive beagle dogs and a cohort of 48 mixed-breed dogs living in an area to which cvbd is endemic in southern italy were monitored usin ...	2010	20660218
multiplex real-time qpcr for the detection of ehrlichia canis and babesia canis vogeli.	ehrlichia canis and babesia canis vogeli are two tick-borne canine pathogens with a worldwide importance. both pathogens are transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, which has an increasing global distribution. a multiplex quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay for the simultaneous detection of the tick-borne pathogens e. canis and b. canis vogeli was developed using dual-labeled probes. the target genes were the 16s rrna of e. canis and the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of ...	2010	20674177
molecular survey and genetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in metropolitan recife (north-eastern brazil).	to identify dna of the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs from recife (brazil), polymerase chain reactions were carried out on blood samples of dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of the universidade federal rural de pernambuco from march 2007 to june 2008. the detection of dna was performed using specific primers. amplicons were analyzed through electrophoresis and sequencing. a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the upgma method, revealing that the sequences were closely related to tho ...	2010	20680344
evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in young dogs naturally infected by vector-borne pathogens.	longitudinal studies evaluating the evolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical findings in young dogs exposed for the first time to multiple vector-borne pathogens have not been reported. with the objective of assessing the evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings, these parameters were serially monitored in naturally infected dogs throughout a 1-year follow-up period. young dogs, infected by vector-borne pathogens based on cytology or polymerase chain reaction, wer ...	2010	21106311
a pcr study of piroplasms in 166 dogs and 111 horses in france (march 2006 to march 2008).	positive pcr results for piroplasms were obtained on edta blood samples from 166 dogs and 111 horses between march 2006 and march 2008. the organisms were initially identified using common primers, followed by restriction enzyme profiles to determine the species and types of babesia/theileria. in 27 dogs and eight horses with positive results, the size of the specimen was insufficient to separate species/types. we identified babesia canis canis in 105 of the 166 dogs (63%) and theileria equi in ...	2010	20221639
canine babesiosis in northern portugal and molecular characterization of vector-borne co-infections.	abstract:	2010	20377861
survey for tick-borne zoonoses in the state of espirito santo, southeastern brazil.	blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of espirito santo, brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were ...	2010	20595502
detection of babesia vogeli in stray cats of metropolitan bangkok, thailand.	the combination of a rapidly growing stray animal population and the lack of animal control in bangkok has resulted in a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential role of companion animals as sentinels and reservoirs of infectious diseases, including several of those caused by vector-borne parasites. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the distribution of babesia species infections among stray cats in bangkok. blood samples were collected from ...	2010	20638794
Canine babesiosis in Romania due to Babesia canis and Babesia vogeli: a molecular approach.	Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoa Babesia spp. that affects dogs worldwide. In Romania, canine babesiosis has become quite frequent in the last few years, with a wide variety of clinical signs, ranging from mild, nonspecific illness to peracute collapse, and even death. Traditionally, a Babesia infection in dogs is diagnosed based on the morphologic appearance of the intraerythrocytic piroplasms observed in peripheral blood smears. To date, no data on genetic chara ...	2011	22006189
babesiosis in dogs and cats-expanding parasitological and clinical spectra.	canine babesiosis caused by different babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. historically, babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. all large forms of babesia were designated babesia canis, whereas all small forms of babesia were considered to be babesia gibsoni. however, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other babesia species such as ba ...	2011	21571435
molecular detection of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma platys, candidatus midichloria mitochondrii and babesia canis vogeli in ticks from israel.	: ticks are vectors of important pathogens of human and animals. therefore, their microbial carriage capacity is constantly being investigated. the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of domestic animal pathogens in ticks collected from vegetation and the ground, from different parts of israel. non-engorged questing adult ticks were collected from 13 localities. a total of 1196 ticks in 131 pools-83 pools of rhipicephalus turanicus and 48 of rhipicephalus sanguineus (with two to ...	2011	20636417
why is southern african canine babesiosis so virulent? an evolutionary perspective.	abstract: canine babesiosis is a common, highly virulent disease in southern africa with even pups and juveniles being severely affected. this contrasts with bovine babesiosis, for example, where host, parasite and vector co-evolved and young animals develop immunity after infection without showing clinical signs. babesia rossi, the main causative organism of canine babesiosis in sub-saharan africa, was first described from a side-striped jackal (canis adustus) in kenya. although data are meagre ...	2011	21489239
babesia canis rossi infection in a texas dog.	a 5-month-old intact male boerboel dog, imported from south africa 1 week previously, was presented to a texas veterinarian for lethargy, anorexia, and labored breathing. the dog was febrile, anemic, leukopenic, thrombocytopenic, and slightly azotemic. results of the idexx snap-4dx enzyme immunoassay were negative for dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. an edta blood sample analyzed at oklahoma state university ...	2011	21790699
a survey of canine tick-borne diseases in india.	abstract: background: there are few published reports on canine babesia, ehrlichia, anaplasma, hepatozoon and haemotropic mycoplasma infections in india and most describe clinical disease in individual dogs, diagnosed by morphological observation of the microorganisms in stained blood smears. this study investigated the occurrence and distribution of canine tick-borne disease (tbd) pathogens using a combination of conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques in four cities in india. results: ...	2011	21771313
molecular detection of hepatozoon canis and babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs from cuiabá, brazil.	the objective of this study was to report for the first time infection by hepatozoon spp. and babesia spp. in 10 dogs from the city of cuiabá, state of mato grosso, central-western brazil. a pair of primers that amplifies a 574 bp fragment of the 18s rrna of hepatozoon spp., and a pair of primers that amplifies a 551 bp fragment of the gene 18s rrna for babesia spp. were used. six dogs were positive for babesia spp., and 9 were positive for hepatozoon spp. co‑infection of babesia spp. and hepato ...	2011	21961759
epidemiological aspects on vector-borne infections in stray and pet dogs from romania and hungary with focus on babesia spp.	canine arthropod-borne infections are of major interest in small animal practice and have been widely investigated in central and western europe. however, only limited epidemiological data are available from south-eastern european countries, although diseases including babesiosis or dirofilariosis are widely recognised as important canine infections in these countries. a steadily increasing number of dogs imported from south-eastern europe into germany require particular attention by small anima ...	2011	21947342
molecular and serological detection of ehrlichia canis and babesia vogeli in dogs in colombia.	ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases, caused mainly by ehrlichia canis and babesia canis, respectively, with a worldwide occurrence in dogs, whose main vector is the brown-dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. the present work aimed to detect the presence of e. canis and babesia sp. in 91 dog blood samples in colombia, by molecular and serological techniques. we also performed sequence alignment to indicate the identity of the parasite species infecting these animals. the present wo ...	2011	22130333
phylogenetic characterization of babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of goiás, brazil.	the genus babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. dogs are commonly affected by babesia canis or babesia gibsoni. babesia canis is divided into the subspecies babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi. among these, babesia canis vogeli predominates in brazil. the objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on babesia isolates from dogs in goiânia, goiás. blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs sugg ...	2011	22166380
first description of natural ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys infections in dogs from argentina.	bacteria belonging to the anaplasmataceae family are vector transmitted agents that affect a variety of vertebrate hosts including the tick-borne pathogens ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys, which cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and cyclic thrombocytopenia, respectively. these two infections, typically reported from tropical and sub-tropical regions, have not been previously reported in dogs from argentina. a total of 86 blood samples from dogs with suspected rickettsial disease and 28 no ...	2012	23273677
haemoparasites of free-roaming dogs associated with several remote aboriginal communities in australia.	tick-borne haemoparasites babesia vogeli and anaplasma platys are common among the free-roaming canine populations associated with aboriginal communities in australia, whilst the prevalence of haemoplasmas, which are also suspected to be tick-borne, remained unexplored. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of haemoplasma infection in these populations, and to identify any correlation with other haemoparasites. blood was collected from 39 dogs associated with four aboriginal comm ...	2012	22584120
first evidence and molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in naturally infected dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in southern france.	babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of animals and humans caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genera babesia and theileria. in france canine babesiosis has a high prevalence with babesia canis thought to be the main aetiological agent of the disease. babesia vogeli has already been reported to occur in europe and in other countries around the mediterranean sea. the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, the main known vector of b. vogeli, occurs in southern france. however, only one cas ...	2012	22342131
apparent tick paralysis by rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in dogs.	certain tick species including ixodes holocyclus can inoculate neurotoxins that induce a rapid, ascending flaccid paralysis in animals. rhipicephalus sanguineus, the most widespread tick of dogs, is recognized as a vector of several pathogens causing diseases in dogs and humans. a single report suggests its role as cause of paralysis in dogs. this study presents the clinical history of 14 young dogs heavily infested by r. sanguineus (intensity of infestation, 63-328) in an endemic area of southe ...	2012	22546547
[investigation on babesia in ticks infested on police dogs in selected areas of china].	399 tick specimens were collected from the body surface of police dogs in chongqing municipality, provinces of fujian, guangdong, hainan, guangxi, hebei, henan, shanxi, jiangsu and zhejiang. nested-pcr and sequence testing were taken to investigate the prevalence of babesia sp. in ticks. the results showed that babesia vogeli was found in ticks infested on the body surface of police dogs, with a positive rate of 5.3%. the prevalence in chongqing, guangdong, guangxi, hainan and zhejiang was 4/16, ...	2012	23484282
babesia vogeli in a quarantined dog.		2013	23457280
detection and molecular characterization of piroplasms species from naturally infected dogs in southeast brazil.	rangelia vitalii is a protozoon described from dogs in the south and southeast regions of brazil. it is phylogenetically related to babesia spp. that infects dogs, but data on this enigmatic parasite is still limited. the aim of this work was to detect piroplasm species in dogs in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, by 18s rrna gene-based pcr assay, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequence analyses. of 103 dogs examined, seven (6.8%) were positive for babesia spp. by pcr. th ...	2013	22832754
efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs.	tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. a range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. recently, a collar containing a combin ...	2013	23972013
serosurvey for tick-borne diseases in dogs from the eastern amazon, brazil.	canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in brazilian dogs. few studies have focused attention in surveying tick-borne diseases in the brazilian amazon region. a total of 129 blood samples were collected from dogs living in the brazilian eastern amazon. seventy-two samples from dogs from rural areas of 19 municipalities and 57 samples from urban stray dogs from santarém municipality were collected. serum samples were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence a ...	2013	23802236
identification of babesia species infecting dogs using reverse line blot hybridization for six canine piroplasms, and evaluation of co-infection by other vector-borne pathogens.	canine infection by vector-borne hemoparasites is frequent in tropical and sub-tropical areas where exposure to hematophageous ectoparasites is intensive. a reverse line blot (rlb) assay was designed to improve the simultaneous detection of all named canine piroplasm species combined with other vector-borne pathogens of dogs including ehrlichia canis, hepatozoon canis and leishmania infantum common in the mediterranean basin. blood samples of 110 dogs from spain (n=21), portugal (n=14) and israe ...	2013	23017370
mortality in virulent canine babesiosis is associated with a consumptive coagulopathy.	the inflammatory response to infection can activate the coagulation system via complex interactions. if uncontrolled, this may lead to a consumptive coagulopathy, a major risk factor for a poor clinical outcome. this prospective observational study was conducted to determine whether consumptive coagulopathy in dogs with babesia rossi infection is related to mortality. seventy-two client-owned dogs diagnosed with canine babesiosis were included. diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reactio ...	2013	23098634
feline vector-borne pathogens in the north and centre of portugal.	in recent years, several clinical cases and epidemiological studies of feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have been reported worldwide. nonetheless, information on fvbd agents and their prevalence in portugal is scarce.	2013	23587366
molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria.	only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of vector borne and zoonotic pathogens in dogs and ticks in nigeria. the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to detect and characterize vector borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria.	2013	23505591
babesia canis vogeli, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma platys infection in a dog.	a 12-month-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented with a history of diarrhea, lethargy, emaciation, polydypsia, and sniffling. physical examination findings included pale mucous membranes, increased heart and respiratory rates, and normal rectal temperature (38°c). hematologic abnormalities included anemia and thrombocytopenia. biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated alp and alt activities. a snap 4dx test result was positive for ehrlichia ca ...	2013	24138512
tick-borne pathogens and disease in dogs on st. kitts, west indies.	between 2009 and 2011, we conducted a case-control study of ticks and tick-associated pathogens affecting dogs on the island of st. kitts, eastern caribbean, including 55 cases of clinically suspected tick-borne disease (tbd) and 110 presumably healthy animals presented for elective surgeries. rhipicephalus sanguineus caused year-round infestations of dogs, and 36% of the dogs in the study were infested at the time of examination. overall, 62% of suspected tbd cases and 24% of presumably healthy ...	2013	23481028
serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from parana state, brazil.	considering the zoonotic potential of tick-borne disease (tbd) agents and the fact that dogs may act as sentinels for human infection, the aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of tbd agents and risk factors for exposure in two different canine populations from parana state, southern brazil. a total of 138 dog serum samples from urban (ua) (n=68) and rural (ra) (n=70) areas were tested with commercial elisa rapid test for anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis and borr ...	2013	24252955
arthropod-borne pathogens circulating in free-roaming domestic cats in a zoo environment in brazil.	recently, tick and flea-borne pathogens have been detected in wild carnivores maintained in captivity in brazilian zoos. since free-roaming cats are frequently found in brazilian zoos, they could act as reservoirs for arthropod-borne pathogens, which could be transmitted to endangered wild carnivores maintained in captivity in these institutions. on the other hand, stray cats in zoos may play a role as sentinels to pathogens that circulate among wild animals in captivity. the present work aimed ...	2014	24889035
evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases.	bone marrow (bm) is a major hematopoietic organ that can harbour a variety of vector-borne pathogens; however, knowledge of bm pathological changes in dogs infected with vector-borne pathogens is limited. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the pathological changes in canine bm associated with natural infections by four vector-borne pathogens, as well as to determine the relationships between such changes and abnormalities of the peripheral blood.	2014	25441458
high throughput pyrosequencing technology for molecular differential detection of babesia vogeli, hepatozoon canis, ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys in canine blood samples.	canine babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases caused by different hemopathogens. these diseases are causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs. the classic method for parasite detection and differentiation is based on microscopic observation of blood smears. the limitations of the microscopic method are that its performance requires a specially qualified person with professional competence, and it is ineffective in differentiating closely related specie ...	2014	24704311
molecular and serological detection of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from an area endemic for leishmania infantum in mato grosso do sul, brazil.	tick-borne pathogens affect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. to identify tick-borne pathogens among dogs from campo grande, ms, brazil testing seropositive for leishmania infantum (syn. l. chagasi), a serological and molecular study was conducted to detect ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys and babesia vogeli in 60 serum and spleen samples. a confirmatory diagnosis of l. infantum based on serological and molecular assays was also performed, as was sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis to ...	2014	24473877
vector-borne pathogens in dogs from costa rica: first molecular description of babesia vogeli and hepatozoon canis infections with a high prevalence of monocytic ehrlichiosis and the manifestations of co-infection.	infection with canine vector-borne pathogens was evaluated in dogs from four different regions of costa rica by pcr. demographic data, clinical signs, packed cell volume values, and the presence of tick infestation were recorded for each dog. forty seven percent (69/146) of the dogs were infected with at least one pathogen and 12% were co-infected with two pathogens. ehrlichia canis was detected in 34%, anaplasma platys in 10%, babesia vogeli in 8%, and hepatozoon canis in 7.5% of the blood samp ...	2014	24315693
bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern portugal.	feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic cats play a central role in the transmission cycles of some fvbd agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels, a circumstance that requires a one health approach. the aim of the present work was to molecularly detect feline vector-borne bacteria and protozoa with veterinary and zoonotic importance, and to a ...	2014	24655431
development and evaluation of serodiagnostic assays with recombinant bgsa1 of babesia gibsoni.	indirect elisa, dot-elisa and double antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) using truncated recombinant bgsa1 (rbgsa1) were developed for detecting babesia gibsoni infection in naturally infected dogs. truncated bgsa1 gene of 858 bp, encoding 32 kda protein was cloned in pet-32a(+) expression vector, expressed in escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified under native conditions. to evaluate the ability of the truncated rbgsa1as serodiagnostic reagent for b. gibsoni infection, a pane ...	2014	25241636
incidence of cercopithifilaria bainae in dogs and probability of co-infection with other tick-borne pathogens.	cercopithifilaria bainae is a filarioid parasite that infects dogs, being transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks in many countries of the mediterranean basin. this study assessed the incidence density rate (idr) of infection by c. bainae in dogs and the probability of co-infection with other tick-borne pathogens (i.e., anaplasma platys, babesia vogeli and hepatozoon canis), in an area of high endemicity in southern italy.	2014	24498437
clinical, hematologic, and molecular findings in naturally occurring babesia canis vogeli in egyptian dogs.	background. canine babesiosis is a clinically important hemoprotozoan parasite affecting dogs. the goal of this present study was to determine the clinical symptoms and to establish its hematological and microscopic detection and compare it with the pcr findings attained from dogs infected with babesia canis vogeli. methodology/principal findings. 13-pcr confirmed babesia-infected dogs were examined; seminested pcr was used to discover the precise type of babesia and babesia canis vogeli was the ...	2014	24693460
investigation of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant and nitric oxide levels of serum in dogs infected with babesia vogeli.	oxidative stress was defined as corruption of balance between oxidant-antioxidant states in favor of oxidants. in this study, it was aimed to determine oxidative stress in naturally infected dogs with babesia vogeli. the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg), nitric oxide (no) and total antioxidant capacity (tac) levels in the sera were analyzed by elisa. 8-ohdg levels increased in b. vogeli infected dogs compared to control group (p<0.05). also, no levels increased while toc levels decreased in ...	2014	24882747
optimization of a molecular method for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis.	babesiosis is a hemolytic disease caused by protozoans of the genus babesia (apicomplexa). this disease occurs worldwide and is transmitted by ticks to a variety of mammals, including humans. the objective of the present study was to optimize a molecular approach for the detection of a fragment of 18s rdna of babesia canis, babesia vogeli, babesia rossi or babesia gibsoni based on a single semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and compare the efficiency of this approach with that of a sim ...	2014	24728371
molecular detection of bacterial and parasitic pathogens in hard ticks from portugal.	ticks are important vector arthropods of human and animal pathogens. as information about agents of disease circulating in vectors in portugal is limited, the aim of the present study was to detect bacteria and parasites with veterinary and zoonotic importance in ticks collected from dogs, cats, and field vegetation. a total of 925 ticks, comprising 888 (96.0%) adults, 8 (0.9%) nymphs, and 29 (3.1%) larvae, were collected in 4 geographic areas (districts) of portugal. among those, 620 (67.0%) we ...	2014	24745731
molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in dogs from belém, northern brazil.	babesiosis is an infectious hemolytic disease that occurs worldwide, and is caused by a protozoan of the babesia genus (apicomplexa). little is known about this genus; therefore, this study conducted a molecular characterization of babesia spp in naturally infected dogs in northern brazil. blood samples were collected from 172 dogs from metropolitan belém, and screened for babesia spp using semi-nested polymerase chain reactions. subsequently, 18s rdna gene fragments were amplified and sequenced ...	2015	26662431
seroprevalence of tick-borne pathogens and tick infestation in dogs from tapirapé and karajá indigenous communities, brazil.	with the aim of studying some tick-borne diseases, a total of 327 dogs (114 from tapirapé and 213 from karajá indigenous ethnicity, mato grosso, mt, brazil) were sampled. serum samples were submitted to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) to detect antibodies against babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia spp. possible associations of risk factors and the occurrence of seroreativity to tick-borne agents and tick infestations were analyzed through chi-squared tests. among 327 ...	2015	26186512
survey of ehrlichia canis, babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. in dogs from a semiarid region of brazil.	this study assessed the occurrence of ehrlichia spp., babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. infections in 100 tick-harboring dogs from a semiarid region of the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. blood samples and ticks were collected from the animals, and a questionnaire was submitted to dog owners to obtain general data. blood samples were used to perform hemogram, direct blood smear and immunological and molecular hemoparasite detection. the 1,151 ticks collected were identified as rhipicephalu ...	2015	25909253
a serological and molecular survey of babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of maranhão, northeastern brazil.	this study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of chapadinha, state of maranhão, northeastern brazil, using molecular and serological methods. overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to b. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. for e. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 ...	2015	25909250
tick-borne diseases (borreliosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis) in german and austrian dogs: status quo and review of distribution, transmission, clinical findings, diagnostics and prophylaxis.	tick-borne diseases (tbd) in dogs have gained in significance in german and austrian veterinary practices. the widespread european tick species ixodes ricinus represents an important vector for spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group and rickettsiales such as anaplasma phagocytophilum. the meadow or ornate dog tick (dermacentor reticulatus) is an important vector for babesia canis, as is the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) for babesia vogeli in the mediterranean regio ...	2015	26152408
vector-borne diseases of small companion animals in namibia: literature review, knowledge gaps and opportunity for a one health approach.	namibia has a rich history in veterinary health but little is known about the vector-borne diseases that affect companion dogs and cats. the aim of this review is to summarise the existing published and available unpublished literature, put it into a wider geographical context, and explore some significant knowledge gaps. to date, only two filarial pathogens (dirofilaria repens and acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) and three tick-borne pathogens (babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis and ehrlic ...	2015	26824340
molecular detection of ehrlichia canis, hepatozoon canis and babesia canis vogeli in stray dogs in mahasarakham province, thailand.	canine tick borne diseases showing distribution worldwide have caused morbidity and mortality in dogs. this study observed the mainly tick borne pathogens described for dogs in thailand, ehrlichia canis, hepatozoon canis and babesia canis vogeli. from may to july 2014, blood samples were collected from 79 stray dogs from 7 districts of mahasarakham province to molecular surveyed for 16s rrna gene of e. canis and 18s rrna gene of h. canis and b. canis vogeli. twenty eight (35.44%) of stray dogs s ...	2015	26568991
leishmania, babesia and ehrlichia in urban pet dogs: co-infection or cross-reaction in serological methods?	the present study was designed to assess the occurrence of co-infection or cross-reaction in the serological techniques used for detecting the anti-leishmania spp., -babesia canis vogeli and -ehrlichia canis antibodies in urban dogs from an area endemic to these parasites.	2015	25860466
detection of babesia canis vogeli and hepatozoon canis in canine blood by a single-tube real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction assay and melting curve analysis.	a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (qfret pcr) coupled with melting curve analysis was developed for detection of babesia canis vogeli and hepatozoon canis infections in canine blood samples in a single tube assay. the target of the assay was a region within the 18s ribosomal rna gene amplified in either species by a single pair of primers. following amplification from the dna of infected dog blood, a fluorescence melting curve analysis was done. the 2 s ...	2015	25776544
development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for detection of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs.	diagnosis of canine babesiosis, caused by babesia gibsoni is difficult, especially in chronically infected dogs. a loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed and standardized by using four oligonucleotide primers targeting the hypervariable region of 18s rrna gene (genbank acc. no. kc461261). the primers specifically amplified b. gibsoni dna, while no amplification was detected with dna from non-infected dogs as well as from dogs infected with babesia canis vogeli, hepatoz ...	2015	25749021
tick-borne agents in domesticated and stray cats from the city of campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, midwestern brazil.	anaplasmataceae agents, piroplasmids and hepatozoon spp. have emerged as important pathogens among domestic and wild felines. the present work aimed to detect the presence of species belonging to the anaplasmataceae family, piroplasmas and hepatozoon spp. dna in blood samples of domesticated and stray cats in the city of campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, midwestern brazil. between january and april 2013, whole blood samples were collected from 151 cats (54 males, 95 females and two with ...	2015	26187416
spatial distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum and hepatozoon canis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary.	in recent years, ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus were reported from hungary. the aim of the present study was to reveal the spatial distribution pattern of pathogens transmitted by r. sanguineus in a sentinel species, red fox (vulpes vulpes) in hungary and to analyse the relationship of these patterns with landscape and climate by geographical information systems. fox carcasses, representing 0.5% of the total fox population were randomly selected out ...	2015	26065623
ticks and associated pathogens collected from cats in sicily and calabria (italy).	limited information is available about the species of ticks infesting the cat and the pathogens that they harbor. the aims of the present study were to identify the species of ticks removed from cats living in sicily and calabria (italy) and to detect dna of vector-borne pathogens in the same ticks.	2015	26445916
molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of china.	although many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of china.	2015	26428085
acute febrile illness is associated with rickettsia spp infection in dogs.	rickettsia conorii is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and causes mediterranean spotted fever (msf) in humans. although dogs are considered the natural host of the vector, the clinical and epidemiological significance of r. conorii infection in dogs remains unclear. the aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether rickettsia infection causes febrile illness in dogs living in areas endemic for human msf.	2015	25886403
detection of dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an hrm real-time qpcr, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from costa rica.	canine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or pcr for filarial-dna. the aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens.	2015	25851920
detection of mycoplasma haemocanis, mycoplasma haematoparvum, mycoplasma suis and other vector-borne pathogens in dogs from córdoba and santa fé, argentina.	in argentina, only very few reports are available for canine tick-borne diseases where most are related to parasitic diseases. the objective of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in 70 dogs from santa fé and córdoba, argentina.	2016	27978844
prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti.	canine vector-borne pathogens are common on some caribbean islands, but survey data in haiti are lacking. to determine the prevalence of selected vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti, we tested blood samples collected from 210 owned dogs, 28 (13.3%) of which were infested with rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks at the time of blood collection. no other tick species were identified on these dogs. a commercially available elisa identified antibodies to ehrlichia spp. in 69 (32.9%), antibodies to ...	2016	27270383
parasites and vector-borne pathogens in client-owned dogs in albania. blood pathogens and seroprevalences of parasitic and other infectious agents.	knowledge on the epidemiology of parasitic and vector-borne infections is still very limited for albania, a country located in the balkan peninsula in southeast europe. recent publications indicated prevalence rates of up to 52% for vector-borne infections in less-cared dogs in albania. to provide data on the epidemiological situation in dogs under veterinary care, a total of 602 client-owned dogs presented to four small animal clinics between march 2010 and april 2011 in tirana, albania, were s ...	2016	26453093
molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from luanda, angola.	no molecular data have been available on tick-borne pathogens that infect dogs from angola. the occurrence of agents from the genera anaplasma, babesia, ehrlichia and hepatozoon was assessed in 103 domestic dogs from luanda, by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequence analysis.	2016	27160839