Publications

curcumin and its derivatives: their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century.	curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol extracted from the plant curcuma longa, is widely used in southeast asia, china and india in food preparation and for medicinal purposes. since the second half of the last century, this traditional medicine has attracted the attention of scientists from multiple disciplines to elucidate its pharmacological properties. of significant interest is curcumin's role to treat neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's disease (ad), and parkinson's diseas ...	0	24381528
biological effects of some natural and chemical compounds on the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella zell. (lepidoptera:gelechiidae).	the olfactory reaction of larvae and moths was investigated towards 18 oils (6 natural oils and 12 commercial chemical oils). some of these oils such as peppermint and camphor (natural oils) and eugenol and camphene (commercial oils) were repellent to both larvae and moths. other oils such as strawberry and d-limonene were attractive to both larvae and moths. some of the repellent oils were, therefore, tested for their effect on certain biological aspects of the insects. eugenol and peppermint o ...	0	23961036
turmeric and vegetable oils as repellents against anopheline mosquitoes.		1945	21007256
[not available].		1948	18106169
turmeric, haldi or haridra, in eye disease.		1950	15409637
a chromatographic study of the curcuminoids in curcuma longa, l.		1953	13070173
anti-inflammatory studies on curcuma longa (turmeric).		1971	5132235
anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of volatile oil of curcuma longa (haldi).		1972	5029117
effect of curcuma longa (rhizomes) on fertility in experimental animals.		1974	4427957
[effect of an alcohol extract and of active ingredients from curcuma longa on bacteria and fungi (author's transl)].		1974	4848567
collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from ground turmeric.	an improved method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from ground turmeric. the method involves an isopropanol defatting followed by a direct flotation from 40% isopropanol with tween 80-edta (1+1) and hot mineral oil. collaborative results show that the method is rapid and yields better filth recoveries than the official first action method, 44.118. the method has been adopted as official first action to replace 44.118.	1975	1170163
mutagenic potential of the condiments, ginger and turmeric.		1976	1001036
effects of food seasonings on the cell cycle and chromosome morphology of mammalian cells in vitro with special reference to turmeric.		1976	943364
the influence of turmeric and curcumin on cholesterol concentration of eggs and tissues.	an experiment was conducted in order to study the hypocholesteremic effect of tumeric and its coloring principle namely curcumin both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol. laying hens were used as the experimental animals and they were fed the experimental diets for a duration of 8 weeks. the results of the experiment showed that tumeric or various levels of curcumin had no adverse effect on egg production, egg weight and feed to egg ratio. moreover tumeric or various levels of cur ...	1976	945572
comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of curcuma longa (linn).		1976	965061
qualitative tests for added coloring matter in meat products.	the rapid qualitative detection of coal tar dyes, chemicals added to color meat products, and some natural coloring materials was investigated through extraction and subsequent identification by spectrophotometric, paper chromatographic, and specific reaction techniques. these techniques will detect the presence of coal tar dyes, imidazole, histamine, histidine, cochineal, beet powder, annatto, alkanet, carotene, paprika, saffron, turmeric, and materials causing discoloration in meats.	1976	1270383
the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review.	a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ...	1977	336288
effect of a new fluorochrome on pre- and post-uv treatment of taphrina maculans butler.	taphrin maculans butler incites leaf spots disease in turmeric (curcuma longa l.) plants. the pathogen forms two types of colonies namely, salmon-red and and creamy-white in the artificial medium when isolated from a single infection spot. both strains resemble yeasts in morphology. the two strains were subjected to uv irradiation. the salmon-red one showed higher resistance to uv than the white one, presumably due to the presence of a red pigment in the former. when spores of the salmon-red str ...	1977	610063
antimicrobial efficacy of the essential oil of curcuma longa.		1978	730260
effect of turmeric (curcuma longa) fractions on the growth of some intestinal & pathogenic bacteria in vitro.		1979	540987
turmeric--chemistry, technology, and quality.	turmeric is a minor spice in the west, but a major one in the east. it is valued by westerners mainly, if not solely, on account of its color, but to the asians both color and aroma are equally important. this review critically appraises the existing knowledge on the chemistry of the functionally important constituents, the processing of the spice into wholes, powder, and oleoresins, and the objective methods and standards available for evaluation of quality. the importance of the mild (but pers ...	1980	6993103
application of a minicolumn detection method for screening spices for aflatoxin.	the minicolumn of holaday and lansden was modified by increasing the height of neutral alumina and including a layer of anhydrous sodium sulphate. using this procedure, aflatoxin was detected in 18 of 125 samples of black pepper, red pepper, ginger and turmeric. a few samples of each spice contained aflatoxin, although red pepper and turmeric showed the highest incidence. aflatoxin b1 quantities ranged from 10 ug/kg to 120 ug/kg when estimated quantitatively by visual comparison with standards o ...	1980	6769994
toxicity studies on turmeric (curcuma longa): acute toxicity studies in rats, guineapigs & monkeys.		1980	6772551
genetic effects of turmeric and curcumin in mice and rats.	incorporation of either turmeric (0.5%) or curcumin (0.015%) into diets of mice did not show significant effect on the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, structural and numerical aberrations in bone-marrow chromosomes, pregnancy rate, number of live and dead embryos, total implants and mutagenic index. also rats fed cooked diets containing turmeric (0.5 and 0.05%) did not show significant differences in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in their bone marrow.	1980	7432370
[determination of curcumin content of turmeric by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)].		1981	7288582
defatting technique for two ground spices using simple reflux apparatus: collaborative study.	a solvent defatting technique was tested for 2 spices which require the same extraction process but different defatting agents. for turmeric, which uses isopropanol as the defatting agent, recoveries of rodent hair and insect fragments were not significantly different from those in the original collaborative study, and this technique is recommended as an alternative to aoac method 44.122(a). however, for oregano, which uses chloroform as the defatting agent, recoveries of insect fragments were s ...	1982	7130080
lack of mutagenic effect of turmeric oleoresin and curcumin in the salmonella/mammalian microsome test.		1982	6759931
antihepatotoxic principles of curcuma longa rhizomes.		1983	6657788
effect of 1-phenylpentanol on release of secretin and exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs and humans.	1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-n-pentane is a synthetic derivative of an ingredient of curcuma longa that is used as a condiment and dye. the effects of 1-phenyl-1- hydroxy-n-pentane on release of secretin, gastrin, and pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein were studied in both dogs and humans. in fasting dogs with gastric fistulas and modified herrera's pancreatic fistulas, intraduodenal administration of 1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-n-pentane (ph 6.7) in three different doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) resul ...	1983	6840488
treatment of tropical eosinophilia with an ayurvedic compound - a clinical trial.	the effect of an ayurvedic preparation consisting of swasakutara, curcuma longa (haridra) and withania somnifera (asvagandha) is accessed in 12 patients of tropical eosinphilia. the modern control drug hetrazan is used in another batch of 11 patients for comparison. the ayurvedic compound causes complete relief of most of the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the disease and reduces e.s.r. significantly. however the drug has no effect on the level of circulating eosinophils.	1983	22556981
[studies on chinese curcuma. iii. comparison of the volatile oil and phenolic constituents from rhizome and tuber of curcuma longa].		1983	6235008
[studies on chinese curcuma. iii. comparison of the volatile oil and phenolic constituents from the rhizoma and the tuber of curcuma longa].		1983	6220833
curcuma longa (linn) drops in corneal wound healing.	in this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the cortisone like inhibitory activity on healing of wounds of curcuma longa extracts-aqueous extract (2.8%) and alcoholic extract (1.125%) on the healing of superficial and penetrating corneal wounds in albino rabbits. it was observed that curcuma longa aqueous drops (a) definitely delayed healing of superficial corneal wounds (p less than 0.001), (b) delayed healing of penetrating corneal wounds also and markedly reduced the tensile strength ...	1984	6535298
genotoxicity of garlic, turmeric and asafoetida in mice.	the genotoxic effects of orally administered garlic and turmeric were evaluated in bone-marrow cells of mice by performing the micronucleus test. another spice, asafoetida, was tested for the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (sces) in spermatogonia of mice. results of the micronucleus test with garlic and turmeric were not significantly different from control values. orally administered asafoetida, however, showed a weak sce-inducing effect in spermatogonia.	1984	6717474
natural antioxidants. iii. antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of curcuma longa l.		1985	4042250
subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric oleoresin in pigs.	turmeric oleoresin was fed for 102-109 days to groups of eight pigs (males and females) at dietary levels providing intakes of 60, 296 and 1551 mg/kg body weight/day. twelve pigs served as controls. the highest dose group showed a reduction in weight gain and in food-conversion efficiency. statistically significant dose-related increases in the weight of the liver and the thyroid were recorded at all dose levels. pericholangitis, hyperplasia of the thyroid and epithelial changes in the kidney an ...	1985	4076930
potential anticancer activity of turmeric (curcuma longa).	anticancer activity of the rhizomes of turmeric was evaluated in vitro using tissue culture methods and in vivo in mice using dalton's lymphoma cells grown as ascites form. turmeric extract inhibited the cell growth in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml and was cytotoxic to lymphocytes and dalton's lymphoma cells at the same concentration. cytotoxic effect was found within 30 min at room temperature (30 degrees c). the active constituent was found to be 'curcumin' ...	1985	4075289
nonmutagenicity of curcumin and its antimutagenic action versus chili and capsaicin.	turmeric, which is one of the commonly used spices in indian cooking, was tested for mutagenicity using the ames test. the alcoholic extract of fresh or dried turmeric, its principal components, and pyrolyzed turmeric powder and curcumin were tested for mutagenicity in salmonella typhimurium strains with and without metabolic activation. none of these were mutagenic in all the tester strains. chilies (which are used with turmeric powder) and their principal alkaloid capsaicin were mutagenic in t ...	1986	3526291
changes in the tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid constituents of spices after pasteurization with superheated steam.	the following five spices were pasteurized with superheated steam, as given in parentheses: origanum (1 kg/cm2, 132 degrees c, 3.5 sec), laurel (0.5 kg/cm2, 118 degrees c, 3.5 sec), turmeric (2 kg/cm2, 160 degrees c, 5 sec), coriander (1 kg/cm2, 140 degrees c, 5 sec), and aniseed (1 kg/cm2, 140 degrees c 5 sec). the detected tocopherols and other constituents were as follows: origanum (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-), laurel (alpha-, beta-), turmeric (so little that no comparison could be made), ...	1986	3712107
[studies on the cultivation of turmeric (curcuma longa l.). i. varietal differences in rhizome yield and curcuminoid content].		1986	3567424
[separation and determination of curcuminoids in curcuma longa l. and its preparation by hplc].		1986	3606744
lipid peroxide induced dna damage: protection by turmeric (curcuma longa).	liposomal lipid peroxidation and peroxide induced dna damage were investigated. inhibition of lipid peroxidation was studied using 400 microm uric acid, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, curcumin and butylated hydroxyanisole (bha). curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (curcuma longa), was as effective an antioxidant as bha. an aqueous extract of turmeric was also found to be an effective inhibitor. the inhibition obtained using this aqueous extract, incorporated into the liposome itself, wa ...	1987	3696162
allergic contact dermatitis to curcuma longa (turmeric).		1987	2960490
prevention of aflatoxin contamination through some commercial chemical products and plant extracts in groundnut.	the effect of rock salts, naci, propionic acid, ncp.75, plant products - asafoetida, turmeric powder and aqueous leaf extracts ofazadirachta indica, lawsonia alba, pongamia glabra andtridax procumbens on seed colonization and aflatoxin production byaspergillus flavus (nrrl-3000) was studied in two spanish bunch groundnut varieties (j-11 and jl-24). all these treatments inhibited seed colonization and aflatoxin production to varying degrees. inhibition of seed colonization with chemicals, plant p ...	1987	23604809
turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy.	an ethanol extract of turmeric ("curcuma longa") as well as an ointment of curcumin (its active ingredient) were found to produce remarkable symptomatic relief in patients with external cancerous lesions. reduction in smell were noted in 90% of the cases and reduction in itching in almost all cases. dry lesions were observed in 70% of the cases, and a small number of patients (10%) had a reduction in lesion size and pain. in many patients the effect continued for several months. an adverse react ...	1987	2435036
in vitro antimutagenicity of curcumin against environmental mutagens.	the effects of curcumin, the yellow pigment of the spice, turmeric (curcuma longa) on the mutagenicity of several environmental mutagens were investigated in the salmonella/microsome test with or without aroclor 1254-induced rat-liver homogenate (s-9 mix). with salmonella typhimurium strain ta98 in the presence of s-9 mix, curcumin inhibited the mutagenicity of bidi and cigarette smoke condensates, tobacco and masheri extracts, benzo[a]pyrne and dimethyl benzo[a]anthracene in a dose-dependent ma ...	1987	3623345
curcumins as inhibitors of nitrosation in vitro.	the effects of turmeric extract and its pure yellow pigments curcumin i, ii and iii were tested on the nitrosation of methylurea by sodium nitrite at ph 3.6 and 30 degrees c. the nitrosomethylurea formed was monitored by checking the mutagenicity in s. typhimurium strains ta1535 and ta100 without metabolic activation. turmeric extract as well as curcumins exhibit dose-dependent decreases of nitrosation. curcumin iii was the most effective nitrosation inhibitor among the compounds tested. the sim ...	1988	3054526
hypolipidaemic effects of curcuma longa l and nardostachys jatamansi, dc in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats.	fifty per cent ethanolic extract of curcuma longa (tuber) and nardostachys jatamansi (whole plant) feeding elevates hdl-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. the extracts also caused a significant reduction in the ratio of total cholesterol/phospholipids. curcuma longa exhibited better cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity [ch = -85%; tg = -88%] as compared to n. jatamansi in triton-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. in view of the protective action of hdl against heart disease and atherogene ...	1988	3215683
evaluation of mutagenic activity of turmeric extract containing curcumin, before and after activation with mammalian cecal microbial extract of liver microsomal fraction, in the ames salmonella test.		1988	3285917
extracts from two frequently consumed spices--cumin (cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (curcuma longa)--inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood platelets.	in the traditional indian system of medicine, ayurveda, several spices and herbs are claimed to possess medicinal properties, such as being antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory etc. earlier we have reported that extracts from several spices behave as antiaggregatory agents and inhibit eicosanoid synthesis. similar studies with extracts prepared from cumin (cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (curcuma longa) were undertaken. ethereal extract of both cumin and turmeric i ...	1989	2503839
photokilling of bacteria by the natural dye curcumin.	curcumin is a yellow-orange compound derived from the root of curcuma longa (zingiberaceae family), that has been used as a medicine, spice and coloring agent. curcumin has proved nontoxic in a number of cell culture and whole animal studies. curcumin has, however, been reported to have bactericidal effects at very high concentrations. when illuminated, curcumin exerted potent phototoxic effects in micromolar amounts. gram-negative bacteria displayed greater resistance to curcumin phototoxicity ...	1989	2655550
food colorants: anthocyanins.	interest in food colorants as shown by the number of patents has doubled in recent years with natural pigments outnumbering synthetics by five to one. the natural colorant area can be subdivided into anthocyanins, betalains, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, monascus, hemes, quinones, biliproteins, safflower, turmeric, and miscellaneous. all involve different groups of chemical compounds which may be used directly as colorants, or may be chemically modified to produce different ...	1989	2690857
[determination of boric acid in biological materials by curcuma paper].	the field of legal medicine has seen a recent increase of poisoning by boric acid and, in cases of emergency, a simple method of making a qualitative analysis of the boric acid content is a necessity. thus, we have examined curcuma paper (turmeric paper) to see if it can provide a qualitative analysis of the boric acid content in biological materials, so as to identify cases of poisoning. it was found that curcuma paper can provide a preliminary analysis of the quantitative content of boric acid ...	1989	2636281
haridra (curcuma longa) and its effect on abhisayanda (conjunctivitis).	50 cases of conjunctivitis studies comparatively with haridra eye drops and with soframycine eye drops, clinically and bacteriologically observed that haridra eye drops has a definite role on conjunctivitis. bacteriological study shows the haridra has a role to act on e. coli, st. aureus klebshella and pseudomonas organisms.	1989	22557662
characterization of polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of curcuma longa.	three polysaccharides, named ukonan a, ukonan b and ukonan c, were isolated from the rhizomes of curcuma longa l. they were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. they are composed of l-arabinose: d-xylose: d-galactose: d-glucose: l-rhamnose: d-galacturonic acid in the molar ratios of 12:4:12:1:4:10 (ukonan a), 12:4:12:1:2:4 (ukonan b) and 8:3:6:14:2:3 (ukonan c), in addition to sma ...	1990	2337962
in vitro clonal multiplication of turmeric (curcuma spp.) and ginger (zingiber officinale rosc.).	rhizome buds, excised from threecurcuma spp., and ginger, inoculated aseptically on ms medium with varying levels of bap and kinetin, produced multiple shoots. for shoot multiplication, a concentration of 3.0 mg/l bap was found to be optimum for all the species.in vitro plants were successfully established in the field and were morphologically uniform. a simple method to extend the subculture interval was used and its relevance to germplasm conservation is discussed.	1990	24226277
plant products as protective agents against cancer.	out of various spices and leafy vegetables screened for their influence on the carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme, glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in swiss mice, cumin seeds, poppy seeds, asafoetida, turmeric, kandathipili, neem flowers, manathakkali leaves, drumstick leaves, basil leaves and ponnakanni leaves increased gst activity by more than 78% in the stomach, liver and oesophagus, - high enough to be considered as protective agents against carcinogenesis. glutathione levels were also significan ...	1990	2283166
evaluation of turmeric (curcuma longa) for gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats.	an ethanol extract of turmeric was studied in rats for its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect gastroduodenal mucosa against the injuries caused by pyloric ligation, hypothermic-restraint stress, indomethacin, reserpine and cysteamine administration and cystodestructive agents including 80% ethanol, 0.6 m hcl, 0.2 m naoh and 25% nacl. an oral dose of 500 mg/kg of the extract produced significant anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats subjected to hypothermic-restraint stress, pyloruic ...	1990	2345457
cytotoxic and cytoprotective activities of curcumin. effects on paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion in rat hepatocytes.	the cytoprotective effect of curcumin, a natural constituent of curcuma longa, on the cytotoxicity of paracetamol in rat hepatocytes was studied. paracetamol was selected as a model-toxin, since it is known to be bioactivated by 3-methylcholanthrene inducible cytochromes p450 presumably to n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (napqi), a reactive metabolite which upon overdosage causes protein- and non-protein thiol-depletion, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity measured as ldh-leakage. at low concentra ...	1990	2353930
fuel smoke condensate induced dna damage in human lymphocytes and protection by turmeric (curcuma longa).	twigs-dry leaves smoke condensate (tds) was investigated for its dna damaging activity in human peripheral lymphocytes, by using a sensitive method, fluorescence analysis of dna unwinding (fadu). an aqueous turmeric component (aq.t) was studied as a protective agent. tds at one to 100 folds dilution induced 55% dna damage at 20 min, while 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) at 10 ng/ml induced only 25% damage. aq.t at 300 ng/microliter afforded 90% protection to dna against tds and 65% ag ...	1990	2366750
organochlorine pesticide residues in different indian cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables, fruits, milk, butter, deshi ghee, and edible oils.	a total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of northern province (utter pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of ...	1990	1698760
insulin potentiating factor and chromium content of selected foods and spices.	an unidentified factor that potentiates the action of insulin in glucose metabolism was investigated in selected foods and spices. chromium content of these foods and spices was also determined. foods and spices were extracted with 0.1n nh4oh (1:20, w/v) and the supernatants assayed for insulin potentiation activity in the rat epididymal fat cell assay. among the selected foods, tuna fish, peanut butter, and vanilla ice cream had some insulin potentiating activity. among the spices, apple pie sp ...	1990	1702671
mutagenic activity of south indian food items.	dietary components and food dishes commonly consumed in south india were screened for their mutagenic activity. kesari powder, calamus oil, palm drink, toddy and kewra essence were found to be strongly mutagenic; garlic, palm oil, arrack, onion and pyrolysed portions of bread toast, chicory powder were weakly mutagenic, while tamarind and turmeric were not. certain salted, sundried and oil fried food items were also mutagenic. cissus quadrangularis was mutagenic, while 'decoctions' of cumin seed ...	1991	1769715
occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin-producing moulds in fresh and processed meat in egypt.	a survey was carried out to detect aflatoxins and isolate aflatoxigenic moulds contaminating fresh and processed meat products. the fungal contamination was examined in 215 samples of fresh and processed meat products and 130 samples of spices used in the meat industry collected from different local companies in cairo, egypt. processed meat products such as beefburger, hot-dog, kubeba, sausage, luncheon meat had the highest count of moulds as compared with fresh and canned meat. out of 150 sampl ...	1991	1778268
the effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat.	the effect of feeding curcumin, capsaicin, ginger, mustard, black pepper and cumin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in rats. the activity of hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated in curcumin (turmeric), capsaicin (red pepper), ginger and mustard treated animals. the enzyme activity was comparable to controls in black pepper and cumin fed rats. serum and liver microsomal cholesterol contents were ...	1991	1806542
inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis.	topical application of curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, strongly inhibited 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, dna synthesis, and tumor promotion in mouse skin (huang et al., cancer res., 48: 5941-5946, 1988). chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid (structurally related dietary compounds) were considerably less active. in the present study, topical application of curcumin markedly inhibited tpa- and arachidonic acid-in ...	1991	1899046
inhibitory effect of curcumin and some related dietary compounds on tumor promotion and arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse skin.	topical application of curcumin, the major yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, has a potent inhibitory effect on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced tumor promotion in mouse skin. the structurally related compounds chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are less potent inhibitors. curcumin is a potent inhibitor of tpa-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and inflammation in mouse skin whereas chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are only weakly active or ...	1991	1908616
dna damage by smoke: protection by turmeric and other inhibitors of ros.	twigs-dry leaves smoke condensate (tds), as a source of clastogenic ros and carcinogenic pah, was investigated for its in vitro dna-damaging effect in calf thymus dna and human peripheral lymphocytes. an aqueous turmeric component--aq.t--with an established antioxidant activity, was tested as a dna protectant. tds induced 13-fold damage to calf thymus dna as judged by the emergence of a dna damage specific, fluorescent product (em: 405 nm). aq.t at 800 ng/microl extended 69% protection to calf t ...	1991	1937145
treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.	the clinical efficacy of a herbomineral formulation containing roots of withania somnifera, the stem of boswellia serrata, rhizomes of curcuma longa and a zinc complex (articulin-f), was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study in patients with osteoarthritis. after a one-month single blind run-in period, 42 patients with osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to receive either a drug treatment or a matching placebo for a period of three months. after a 15-da ...	1991	1943180
turmeric (curcuma longa)-induced reduction in urinary mutagens.	rats were fed turmeric at various levels in the diet for up to 3 months and then exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) by ip injection. urinary mutagens were detected using the salmonella typhimurium assay. turmeric fed at 0.5% and above inhibited b[a]p- and 3-mc-mediated mutagenicity. turmeric did not adversely affect the food intake, or weight gain of the rats and no histological changes were detected. these findings are significant in view of the widespread exposure ...	1991	1660015
[high-yield agronomic measures of curcuma longa l].	a method of orthogonal conic combinatorial design has been employed in the study of high-yield agronomic measures of c. longa. the results show that by increasing plants/mu and postponing sowing date, the yield is 50% higher than before, mathematical model of yield on plants/mu and sowing date were established, which can be used to predict the yield and explore optimal agronomic measures.	1991	1820789
pharmacology of curcuma longa.	the data reviewed indicate that extracts of curcuma longa exhibit anti-inflammatory activity after parenteral application in standard animal models used for testing anti-inflammatory activity. it turned out that curcumin and the volatile oil are at least in part responsible for this action. it appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after i.p. administration. this may be due to poor absorption, as discussed. data on histamine-induced ulcers are controversial, and studies ...	1991	2062949
anti diabetic activity of amrithadi churnam.	amrithadi churnam - a compound ayurvedic preparation made up of tinospora cordifolia, salacia prenoides, curcuma longa, tribulus terrestris and emblica officinalis was screened for its antidiabetic activity. from the studies it could be established that amrithadi churnam at a dose level of 100mg/kg b.w. was the optimum dose in alloxan diabetic rats. no toxic effects were observed as evidenced by the study of liver enzymes and blood haematoerit. an extra pancreatic role of the drug cannot be rull ...	1992	22556603
[growth regularities of yujin (curcuma longa l.)].	based on the characteristics of leaf, root and tuber growth as well as dry matter accumulation, the ontogeny of yujin is divided into 4 stages. the growth and correlation among the leaf, root and tuber as well as accumulation of essential oils and curcumins have also been studied.	1992	1445642
induction of glutathione s-transferase activity by curcumin in mice.	curcumin, a natural constituent of curcuma longa (turmeric, cas 458-37-7), has been studied for its induction of glutathione s-transferase activity in mice. at a dose of 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days, the enzyme activity in liver was increased by 1.8 fold. its effect on other tissues like stomach, small intestine, lungs, kidney was not significant. curcumin also depleted sulfhydryl levels in tissues, especially in stomach where 45% depletion was observed.	1992	1418063
toxicity studies on alpinia galanga and curcuma longa.	acute (24 h) and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity studies on the ethanolic extracts of the rhizomes of alpinia galanga and curcuma longa were carried out in mice. acute dosages were 0.5, 1.0, and 3 g/kg body weight while the chronic dosage was 100 mg/kg/day as the extract. all external morphological, hematological, and spermatogenic changes, in addition to body weight and vital organ weights were recorded. during this investigation no significant mortality as compared to the controls was observed ...	1992	1529022
the core structure of ukonan a, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide from the rhizome of curcuma longa, and immunological activities of degradation products.	the controlled smith degradation of ukonan a, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l., was performed. the reticuloendothelial system-potentiating, anti-complementary and alkaline phosphatase-inducing activities of ukonan a and its degradation products were investigated. methylation analyses of both the primary and the secondary smith degradation products indicated that the core structural features of ukonan a include a backbone chain mainly composed ...	1992	1525957
effect of turmeric on urinary mutagens in smokers.	curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, is known to act as an anti-oxidant, anti-mutagen and anti-carcinogen in experimental animals. in the present study, anti-mutagenic effects of turmeric were assessed in 16 chronic smokers. it was observed that turmeric, given in doses of 1.5 g/day for 30 days, significantly reduced the urinary excretion of mutagens in smokers. in contrast, in six non-smokers, who served as control, there was no change in the urinary excretion of mutagens after 30 days. ...	1992	1579064
characterization of a neutral polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of curcuma longa.	a neutral polysaccharide, named ukonan d, was isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. it produced a single band on electrophoresis and a single peak on gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 28,000. it showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. ukonan d is composed of l-arabinose: d-galactose: d-glucose: d-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:1:12:0.2, in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. methylation analysis ...	1992	1576672
chemopreventive effect of turmeric against stomach and skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogens in swiss mice.	the anticarcinogenic effect of dietary turmeric on benzo[a]pyrene-(bp) induced forestomach neoplasia and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced skin tumorigenesis in female swiss mice was evaluated. to further elucidate the mechanism of antineoplastic action of turmeric, its effect on the hepatic cytochrome b5, cytochrome p-450, glutathione, and glutathione s-transferase activities was studied in female swiss mice. turmeric (2% or 5%) in the diet significantly inhibited the bp-induced for ...	1992	1574446
turmerin: a water soluble antioxidant peptide from turmeric [curcuma longa].	dietary spice components have been screened for their protective effect against reactive oxygen species (ros)-induced, lipid peroxide-mediated membrane and dna damage and mutagenecity. a new, water soluble, 5-kda peptide--turmerin--from turmeric (curcuma longa) has been found to be an efficient antioxidant/dna-protectant/antimutagen. turmerin forms 0.1% of the dry weight of turmeric and is obtained in a crystalline form. it is a heat stable, noncyclic peptide containing 40 amino acid residues, w ...	1992	1731625
reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin.	the effect of certain food additives on aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus has been studied in vitro. extracts of turmeric (curcuma longa), garlic (allium sativum) and asafoetida (ferula asafoetida) inhibited the aflatoxin production considerably (more than 90%) at concentrations of 5-10 mg/ml. similar results were also seen using butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole and ellagic acid at concentration 0.1 mm. curcumin, the antioxidant principle from curcuma longa did no ...	1992	1394115
inhibitory effect of curcumin, an anti-inflammatory agent, on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.	the effects of curcumin, an anti-inflammatory agent from curcuma longa, on the proliferation of blood mononuclear cells and vascular smooth muscle cells were studied. proliferative responses were determined from the uptake of tritiated thymidine. in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, curcumin dose dependently inhibited the responses to phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte reaction at the dose ranges of 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) m, respectively. curcumin (10(-6) ...	1992	1426014
antivenom and biological effects of ar-turmerone isolated from curcuma longa (zingiberaceae)	a potent antivenom against snakebite was isolated from curcuma longa, a plant commonly used in traditional brazilian medicine. the fraction consisting of ar-turmerone neutralized both the hemorrhagic activity present in bothrops jararaca venom, and the lethal effect of crotalus durissus terrificus venom in mice. immunological studies demonstrated that this fraction also inhibited the proliferation and the natural killer activity of human lymphocytes.	1992	1440627
inhibitory effect of curcumin on fatty acid desaturation in mortierella alpina 1s-4 and rat liver microsomes.	an extract of rhizomes of curcuma longta l. (turmeric) inhibited the desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (dgla) in the arachidonic acid (aa) producing fungus mortierella alpina 1s-4. the factor responsible for this phenomenon was isolated and identified as curcumin (diferuloyl methane). mycelial dgla levels increased about two-fold (22.3 mg/g dry weight) with a concomitant decrease in aa levels when the fungus was cultivated with curcumin. the 50% inhibitory concentration against delta 5 ...	1992	1453881
anticarcinogenic effects of some indian plant products.	the anticarcinogenic properties of some commonly consumed spices and leafy vegetables were investigated. the effects of feeding the plant products on the induction of squamous cell carcinomas in the stomachs of swiss mice by feeding benzo[a]pyrene(b[a]p) and on the induction of hepatomas in wistar rats by feeding 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'medab) were investigated. among the nine plant products tested, cumin seeds (cuminum cyminum linn) and basil leaves (ocimum sanctum linn) signific ...	1992	1473788
the use and efficacy of azadirachta indica adr ('neem') and curcuma longa ('turmeric') in scabies. a pilot study.	in the ayurvedha and sidha system of medicine (indian system of medicine) azadirachta indica adr ('neem') and curcuma longa ('turmeric') has been used for healing chronic ulcers and scabies. the 'neem' and 'turmeric' was used as a paste for the treatment of scabies in 814 people. in 97% of cases cure was obtained within 3 to 15 days of treatment. we find that this is a very cheap, easily available, effective and acceptable mode of treatment for the villagers in the developing countries. we have ...	1992	1496714
homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. ii. lps of plant origin other than wheat flour and their concomitant bacteria.	in order to seek a macrophage-activating substance, lipopolysaccharide (lps) of plant origin other than that of wheat flour was surveyed. a large amount of lps (10-100 micrograms/g) was detected in laminaria japonica (kelp), curcuma longa (turmeric), undaria pinnatifida and other substances. since concomitant bacteria possibly existing in root of farm products can be considered to contribute to lps of plant origin, a count was taken of bacterial cells both dead and alive. this count revealed tha ...	1992	1525958
curcumin as an inhibitor of cancer.	curcumin i (cur i) and curcumin iii (cur iii) are the yellow coloring phenolic compounds isolated from the spice turmeric. the effect of curcumins on different stages of development of cancer was studied. cur i inhibited benzopyrene- (bp) induced forestomach tumors in female swiss mice, and cur iii inhibited dimethylbenzanthracene- (dmba) induced skin tumors in swiss bald mice. cur i also inhibited dmba-initiated, tetradeconyl phorbol acetate-promoted skin tumors in female swiss mice. in vitro 3 ...	1992	1578097
studies on spice principles as antioxidants in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes.	polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) are vulnerable to peroxidative attack. protecting pufa from peroxidation is essential to utilize their beneficial effects in health and in preventing disease. the antioxidants vitamin e, t-butylhydroxy toluene (bht) and t-butylhydroxy anisole (bha) inhibited ascorbate/fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. in addition, a number of spice principles, for example, curcumin (5-50 microm) from turmeric, eugenol (25-150 microm) from cloves and cap ...	1992	1588934
protective single/combined treatment with betel leaf and turmeric against methyl (acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine-induced hamster oral carcinogenesis.	the inhibitory effect of oral administration of betel-leaf extract (ble) and 2 of its constituents, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, as single agents or in combination with dietary turmeric on methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (dmn-oac)-induced oral carcinogenesis in syrian hamsters was studied. dmn-oac was administered twice monthly for 6 months. the chemopreventive effect of ble or its constituents with turmeric was determined by comparing tumor incidence observed in treated groups with that ...	1992	1592532
effect of dietary curcumin and ascorbyl palmitate on azoxymethanol-induced colonic epithelial cell proliferation and focal areas of dysplasia.	curcumin, a major yellow pigment of turmeric obtained from powdered rhizomes of the plant curcuma longa linn., is commonly used as a coloring agent in foods, drugs and cosmetics. ascorbyl palmitate is a lipid soluble derivative of ascorbic acid. both curcumin and ascorbyl palmitate have antioxidant activity and are potent inhibitors of 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion in mouse skin. the effects of dietary curcumin and ascorbyl palmitate on azoxymethanol (aom)-induced ...	1992	1611594
protective role of aqueous turmeric extract against mutagenicity of direct-acting carcinogens as well as benzo [alpha] pyrene-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.	turmeric (curcuma longa linn.) has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis. in this study, we compared the chemopreventive efficacy of an aqueous turmeric extract (aqte) and its constituents, curcumin-free aqueous turmeric extract (cfaqte) and curcumin, using the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay and the bone marrow micronucleus test in female swiss mice. aqte exhibited antimutagenic activity against direct-acting mutagens, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosog ...	1992	1618892
nematocidal activity of turmeric: synergistic action of curcuminoids.	a new curcuminoid, cyclocurcumin (iv), was isolated from the nematocidally active fraction of turmeric, the rhizome of curcuma longa, together with three known curcuminoids, curcumin (i), demethoxycurcumin (ii) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (iii). the structure of iv was elucidated on the basis of spectral data and confirmed by the partial synthesis from curcumin (i). although the above curcuminoids were ineffective when they were applied independently, the nematocidal activity increased remarkably w ...	1993	8221978
inhibition by dietary curcumin of azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon.	the present study was designed to investigate the modulatory role of dietary curcumin on (i) azoxymethane (aom)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (odc), tyrosine protein kinase (tpk) and arachidonic acid metabolism in liver and colonic mucosa of male f344 rats, (ii) in vitro arachidonic acid metabolism in the liver and colonic mucosa and (iii) aom-induced aberrant crypt foci (acf) formation in the colon of f344 rats. at 5 weeks of age groups of animals were fed one of the experimental diets contai ...	1993	8242846
spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests.	allergic contact dermatitis caused by spices is well documented; however, commercial patch tests are unavailable. between october, 1991, and august, 1992, a series of fifty-five patients with suspected contact dermatitis were tested at ochsner clinic for sensitivity to a group of spices at concentrations of 10 percent and 25 percent in petrolatum. concordant patch test results (positive at concentrations of 10 percent and 25 percent) were most common with ginger (seven), nutmeg(five), and oregan ...	1993	8299390
effect of turmeric on xenobiotic metabolising enzymes.	diet contains several substances capable of inhibiting chemical carcinogenesis. it is known that such inhibitors may either act directly by scavenging the reactive substances or indirectly by promoting mechanisms which enhance detoxification. turmeric which contains curcumin both in vitro and in vivo is an active antimutagen. studies were therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric on xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in hepatic tissue of rats fed turmeric ranging from 0.5-10% in the d ...	1993	8332589
effect of turmeric and curcumin on bp-dna adducts.	many human cancers that are widely prevalent today can be prevented through modifications in life-styles, of which diet appears to be an important agent. several dietary constituents modulate the process of carcinogenesis and prevent genotoxicity. many plant constituents including turmeric appear to be potent antimutagens and antioxidants. therefore the modulatory effects of turmeric and curcumin on the levels of benzo[a]pyrene induced dna adducts in the livers of rats were studied by the newly ...	1993	8453726
mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids.	curcumine from curcuma longa and the gum resin of boswellia serrata, which were demonstrated to act as anti-inflammatories in in vivo animal models, were studied in a set of in vitro experiments in order to elucidate the mechanism of their beneficial effects. curcumine inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase activity in rat peritoneal neutrophils as well as the 12-lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase activities in human platelets. in a cell free peroxidation system curcumine exerted strong antioxidative act ...	1993	8510458
knowledge, attitude and beliefs about malaria in a tribal area of bastar district (madhya pradesh).	a sample survey of k.a.p. about malaria was carried out among sample of 359 inhabitants selected by random sampling in a tribal area of baster district, which is a hyper-endemic area of the disease, predominantly by p.falciparum infection and understanding about the problem of malaria was poor, only about 50% (ranging from 30% to 60%) of the respondents were aware about cause and signs and symptoms of malaria, breeding & resting habit of mosquito, usefulness of insecticidal spray and ill effect ...	1993	8077001