Publications

phthirus pubis in capillitium, cilia and supercilia.		1946	20279751
phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp and cilia in young children; report of five additional cases.		1948	18912490
[experimental infection of phthirus pubis l. with rickettsia prowazeki and rickettsia quintana].		1952	14951680
preliminary studies on the use of sorptive dusts for the control of the human lice, phthirus pubis (l.) and pediculus humanus capitis de geer.		1963	13993367
human lice-pediculus humanus and phthirus pubis.		1964	20604189
[phthirus pubis in children. report of a family outbreak].		1965	5864686
crabs--the resurgence of phthirus pubis.		1968	5644560
phthirus pubis from human eyelashes in the philippines.		1968	5757687
[case of blepharitis caused by phthirus pubis].		1969	5399070
phthirus pubis infestation.		1970	4097106
[tunisian and parisian observations on the "crab louse" phtirus inguinalis l].		1972	4677868
scanning electron microscopy of the human pubic louse, pthirus pubis (linnaeus, 1758).		1973	4582972
the crab louse-review of physiology and study of anatomy as seen by the scanning electron microscope.	effective control of a parasitic infestation is aided by a thorough understanding of the parasite and it interaction with the host. the external anatomy of phthirus pubis and its egg were studied by scanning electron microscopy and the structures visualized were reviewed to determine their function. the pathophysiology of the insect-host interaction and current treatment recommendations were also reviewed.	1976	956012
[pests at baltic sea coast. ii. summary of most important groups on insects besides coleoptera and diptera].	in the special holiday situations at the baltic coast of gdr, species of very different insect groups may become annoying to man. own experiences in this field are reported (excepting coleoptera and diptera). the earwig, forficula auricularia, has many varying aspects of a health pest (also in the respect of social hygiene). this species, too, may pinch painfully with his pincers. the lice species pediculus capitis and pthirus pubis are met with sometimes. limothrips cerealium may be annoying no ...	1976	984495
[phthirus pubis on unusual pastures].		1977	876413
treatment of infestation with phthirus pubis: comparative efficacies of synergized pyrethrins and gamma-benzene hexachloride.	in recent years there has been a steady increase in the incidence of infestation with phthirus pubis, a sexually transmitted louse. a recently introduced nonprescription liquid pediculicide, whose major ingredient is 0.3% pyrethrins synergized by 3.0% piperonyl butoxide (rid), was compared for efficacy and safety with a prescription-only pediculicidal lotion whose major ingredient is 1% gamma-benzene hexachloride (kwell). thirty adult man and women with p. pubis infestation were assigned randoml ...	1979	92062
pediculosis pubis in a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.	the symptoms, clinical findings, epidemiology, and associated sexually transmitted diseases are described for 121 patients with pediculosis pubis who were seen in a clinic. phthirus pubis was observed in the pubic hair of 118 patients, and in 38 men (37.3%) and 18 women (94.7%) the pubic region was the sole area of involvement. pruritus was reported by 104 patients (85.9%), while excoriations were observed in 30 (24.8%) and maculae ceruleae in one. the median waits from detection of organisms to ...	1979	531724
scanning and light microscopy of the crab louse egg.	the sem findings of the crab louse egg reveal a complicated aeropyle system within the operculum which is important for gaseous exchange and fluid retention. the sem correlates with the first light microscope observations in the study of these aeropyle structures. these structures consist of a system of apertures that converge down from a larger opening to a smaller opening. the aeropyles and their adjacent reticulum network can be fractured in order to visualize each of the smaller openings tha ...	1980	7191140
phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes.		1982	7087140
diagnosing and treating phthirus pubis palpebrarum.	phthiriasis palpebrarum is an uncommon cause of blepharitis and conjunctivitis and may easily be overlooked. a high index of suspicion and careful examination of the patient's lid margins and eyelashes will lead to the proper diagnosis. treatment is best accomplished by careful removal of the lice and nits (louse eggs) from the patient's lashes. local application of a pediculocide such as yellow mercuric oxide n.f. 1% ophthalmic ointment applied twice daily for one week or 0.25% physostigmine (e ...	1982	6176036
maintenance of the crab louse, pthirus pubis, in the laboratory and behavioural studies using volunteers.		1983	6617144
[a case of phthirus pubis of the eyelid].		1983	6678665
eyelash infestation by phthirus pubis as a manifestation of child abuse.		1983	6680186
phthirus pubis infestation of the lashes.		1983	6848862
phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes.		1983	6854880
phthirus pubis (pubic louse) blepharitis.		1984	6208777
pediculosis and the pediatrician.	head lice commonly evoke feelings of disgust, revulsion, anger, and shame among parents and patients. there should, however, be no great cause for such alarm if a physician suspects pediculosis capitis. the recent introduction of several new pediculicidal drugs now allows a choice among four distinct therapeutic agents, which should substantially improve control of isolated cases and epidemics. physicians must be aware that consumer groups are pressing public health authorities and drug manufact ...	1984	6209693
ectoparasitic infestation of the lashes.	phthirus pubis, commonly known as the crab louse, has as its habitat the pubic and inguinal regions of the body. transfer between hosts is most commonly a result of sexual contact. on occasion, phthirus pubis will leave its usual seat of predilection and infest other hair-bearing body parts. when infestation of the eyelashes occurs, it is known as phthiriasis palpebrarum. the case presented is an example of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a young female, apparently contracted as a result of transfer ...	1985	4056295
the treatment of pthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes.		1987	3322357
a closer look at pthirus pubis.		1988	3377970
scalp infestation with phthirus pubis.		1989	2910203
sociodemographic factors associated with pediculosis capitis and pubis among young adults in the israel defense forces.	while socioeconomic factors have been found to be important in the incidence of head lice (pediculosis capitis) infestation, most reports pertain to children. furthermore, it is not clear whether similar factors are correlated with infestation with pubic lice (phthirus pubis). we examined the association of two measures of socioeconomic status with each condition in a random sample of 500 notifications of each condition in the israel defense forces. since head lice were predominantly reported in ...	1990	2152157
the ocular manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases.	the problem of ocular involvement in sexually transmitted diseases is encountered by ophthalmologists in everyday practice. this paper reviews the ocular manifestations of some of the more common sexually transmitted diseases including aids, syphilis, gonorrhea and infections caused by herpes simplex, chlamydia trachomatis and phthirus pubis. current methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. neonatal infections associated with sexually transmitted diseases are also reviewed.	1990	2191758
phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp: report of three cases.		1990	2359913
scalp infestation by phthirus pubis in a 6-week-old infant.	this case report describes a 6-week-old infant with a phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp. it is believed this patient is the first reported case in this age group. treatment is discussed, as are the family dynamics that put this infant at risk. the authors address the possible association between infestation and child abuse.	1990	1701050
generalized pediculosis due to phthirus pubis.		1991	1875087
sexually transmitted parasitic diseases.	sexual activity is the primary method of transmission for several important parasitic diseases and has resulted in a significant prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among male homosexuals. the majority of parasitic sexually transmitted diseases involve protozoan pathogens; however, nematode and arthropod illnesses are also included in this group. trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common parasitic std. infection with this organism typically results in the signs an ...	1991	2011632
phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelids.		1993	8110680
[phthirus pubis as the cause of tubo-ovarian conglomerate tumor].	a case of an inflammatory tubo-ovarian tumour is presented. histology and entomology identified the infectious agent as phthirus pubis.	1993	8270157
prevalence of pthirus pubis (anoplura: pediculidae) among sex workers in urban jos, nigeria.	between may and october 1992, 374 sex workers comprising of 372 prostitutes and 2 homosexuals were examined for pthirus pubis infestation. while none of the homosexuals was found to be infested, 52.69% of the prostitutes were infested with the highest and lowest infestation in the 40-49 year old group and 20-29 year old group respectively. the educational level was found to determine the extent of disease awareness among the sex workers. questions are raised about the role of pthirus pubis is ai ...	1993	8298659
generalized infestation of a 3 1/2-year-old girl with the pubic louse.	a 3 1/2-year-old girl had a pthirus pubis infestation of the scalp, neck, eyelashes, back, and pubic area. the child's body, including the scalp, was treated with a 1% permethrin cream rinse formulation for 10 minutes. the treatment was repeated after 10 days. the eyelashes were treated by application of the permethrin solution with a cotton-tip swab.	1994	8170844
ectoparasites as sexually transmitted diseases.	although sarcoptes scabii and phthirus pubis infestations in humans are not always associated with the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, usually they are. therefore, patients presenting with scabies or p. pubis should be routinely tested for various sexually transmitted diseases. these very uncomfortable infestations are easily curable with proper therapy. lindane 1% preparations effectively exterminate both vermin. we have not seen any resistant strains. especially with p. pubis, ...	1994	7848817
identification of host dna by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis: preliminary analysis of human crab louse (anoplura: pediculidae) excreta.	the ability to identify individual hosts of hematophagous arthropods via bloodmeal analyses is a continuing pursuit in both medical and forensic entomology. characterization of human dna from blood-feeding arthropods has been advanced substantially by preparation techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). successful application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (amp-flp) analysis to excreta obtained from adult crab lice, pthirus pubis (l.), fed on human volunteers is report ...	1994	7966171
in vitro control of phthirus pubis with four pediculocides: eurax, elimite, licid and benzanil.	phthirus pubis, linnaeus 1758 that causes phthiriasis is a common infestation disease. however, it is commonly be acquired in jails, brothels, and other similar places. the efficacy of four insecticides commercially known as eurax, elimite, licid, and benzanil was evaluated for controlling pubic lice in vitro. the four test insecticides proved to be very effective. however, they differed in time needed for causing 100 percent mortality and they could be arranged descendingly as follows: licid, e ...	1995	8586862
phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelids: a marker for sexually transmitted diseases.		1995	8845408
abnormal distribution of the histocompatibility antigens (hla) in lousy patients.	the histocompatibility antigens have important functions in the development of the immune response, in the development of immunologic tolerance and in the resistance and susceptibility to diseases. in the present study, the frequency of the human leucocytic antigens (hla) were studied in 31 lousy children with pediculus h. capitis (head lice) and 14 adults with phthirus pubis (pubic lice) to evaluate the immune response in their pathogenesis. the patients (children and adults) were parasite-free ...	1996	8721243
isolation, amplification, and sequencing of human mitochondrial dna obtained from human crab louse, pthirus pubis (l.), blood meals.	the ability to identify individual human hosts based on analyses of blood recovered from the digestive tract of hematophagous arthropods has been a long-term pursuit in both medical and forensic entomology. blood meal individualization techniques can bring important advancements to studies of vector-borne disease epidemiology. forensically, these analyses may aid in assailant identification in violent crime cases where blood-feeding insects or their excreta are recovered from victims or at crime ...	1998	9729835
national guideline for the management of phthirus pubis infestation. clinical effectiveness group (association of genitourinary medicine and the medical society for the study of venereal diseases).		1999	10616391
a four years old girl with phthiriasis pubis infestation.	a four years old girl had phthirus pubis infestation in the scalp, eyelids, eyelashes, neck and shoulders. she had fever, severe itching, allergic reaction and anxiety. the girl was successfully treated with 2.5% permethrin cream. the risk of lice infestation as a community health problem was discussed.	1999	12561928
[eyelids infestation by phthirus pubis in a boy].	a clinical case of phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelids in an eight-year-old boy is presented. he complained of a bilateral eyelids inflammation for the last two weeks which had not healed with a daily application of a collyrium. physical examination showed the presence of small dark spheres, of approximately 1 mm, attached to the proximal extreme of the eyelashes. a microscopical examination of these elements permitted to identify adults and eggs of p. pubis. neither insects nor eggs were ...	2000	11757413
scanning electron microscopic examination of the egg of the pubic louse (anoplura: pthirus pubis).	the purpose of the study was to examine the eggs of pubic lice with consideration of their clinical relevance.	2000	10759960
a case of pubic lice resistant to pyrethrins.	effective therapeutic protocols for the treatment of pubic lice include application of approved insecticidal products to all body and scalp hair, retreatment at seven days, and use of mechanical removal of lice and eggs.	2001	11458586
[hair infestation by phthirus pubis (anoplura: pediculidae)].	a case of lice infestation of the hair in a 24 year-old man was reported. after the entomological identification of adults and immature stages of the vector; it was confirmed that the only existing parasite was phtihirus pubis linnaeus 1758, a hematophagous insect that usually infests pubis, armpit, eyelids, and other parts of the body but is rarely found in the head.	2001	11826542
[a case with pthirus pubis parasitizing the eyelash].		2001	12572065
phthirus pubis as a predictor for chlamydia infections in adolescents.	providers not skilled in the evaluation of sexually transmitted infections (stis) may treat pubic lice infestation without considering other organisms. this study compared the rate of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in adolescents with and without pubic lice.	2002	12035022
seasonality trends of pediculosis capitis and phthirus pubis in a young adult population: follow-up of 20 years.	it is not mandatory to report pediculosis capitis and phthirus pubis in most countries; therefore, little is known about the seasonality of these infestations.	2002	12195566
phthiriasis palpebrarum: an unusual blepharoconjunctivitis.	phthiriasis palpebrarum is an unusual cause of blepharoconjunctivitis and may easily be overlooked because of the failure of physicians to recognize phthirus pubis. we report a case of a 30-year-old woman with persistent itching in the left eyelid which was unsuccessfully treated under the diagnosis of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis. careful ophthalmic examination revealed seven bugs with multiple red pinpoint excretions and numerous small translucent oval eggs (nits) coating the eyelashes. the ...	2002	12523816
crab louse infestation in pre-columbian america.	until now, pthirus pubis infestation in ancient human populations had only been recorded in the old world. we found crab lice on south american mummified bodies from the atacama desert region. crab louse eggs were found attached to the pubic hairs of a 2,000-yr-old chilean mummy. well-preserved adults were found in sediment and clothing from a peruvian mummy dated 1,000 yr ago. paleoparasitological evidence expands the knowledge of the distribution of this ectoparasite in ancient populations. as ...	2002	12537127
phthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit: a study of 14 years.	there have been few epidemiologic studies of pubic lice in recent times, and the exact incidence is unknown.	2003	12671547
phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes and scalp hairs in a girl.	a 4-year-old girl was seen because of foreign bodies on the eyelashes. parasites and their nits were seen on the patient's eyelashes and scalp. her parents denied having phthirus pubis infection of the axillary, pubic, or body hair, despite confirmation of the infestation in their child. the parasites were removed and the lashes with nits were cut off at the base. the parasite was identified as p. pubis. the scalp was washed with phenothrin shampoo. one month later no p. pubis infestation was fo ...	2003	12869162
[phthiriasis palpebrarum: diagnosis and treatment].	phthiriasis palpebrarum, caused by phthirus pubis, is an uncommon cause of blepharoconjunctivitis; therefore, this condition is easily misdiagnosed. when diagnosed, genital involvement must be ruled out. association with other venereal diseases is common. affected children must be searched for sexual abuse. the number of diagnosed patients in our department has increased in recent years. we review the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic features of phthriasis palpebrarum as well as the diff ...	2003	12898406
erythema annulare centrifugum induced by generalized phthirus pubis infestation.		2003	14674913
pediculosis.	the 3 major lice that infest humans are pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), pthirus pubis (crab louse), and pediculus humanus humanus (body louse). patients with louse infestation present with scalp pruritus, excoriations, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis. a hypersensitivity rash, or pediculid, may mimic a viral exanthem. head lice infestation crosses all economic and social boundaries, whereas body lice infestation preferentially affects the homeless and displaced. body lice are ...	2004	14699358
infestation of people with lice in kathmandu and pokhara, nepal.	the prevalence of infestation with head lice and body lice, pediculus spp. (phthiraptera: pediculidae) and pubic (crab) lice pthirus pubis (l.) (phthiraptera: pthiridae), was recorded from 484 people in nepal. the prevalence of head lice varied from 16% in a sample of people aged 10-39 years of age, to 59% in street children. simultaneous infestations with head and body lice (double infestations) varied from 18% in slum children to 59% in street children.	2004	15189249
[a case report of phthirus pubis infestation of eyelids in an infant].		2004	15283255
oral ivermectin for phthirus pubis.		2004	15583618
[diagnostic image (216). a man with a skin eruption].	a 68-year-old man under systemic corticosteroid treatment was diagnosed with widespread pediculosis caused by phthirus pubis.	2004	15587050
review of forensically important entomological specimens in the period of 1972 - 2002.	forensic entomological specimens received by the unit of medical entomology, imr., from hospitals and the police in malaysia in the last 3 decades (1972 - 2002) are reviewed. a total of 448 specimens were received. from these, 538 identifications were made with the following results: eighteen species of cyclorrphaga flies were identified consisting of chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) 215 cases (47.99%), ch. rufifacies (masquart) 132 (29.46%), ch. villeneuvi patton 10 (2.23%), ch. nigripes auber ...	2004	16493401
[parasitism of phthirus pubis on eyelashes].		2005	16042168
[phthiriasis pubis palpebrarum in children. diagnosis and treatment].	phtiriasis palperarum is an unusual cause of blepharitis. this ectoparasitic infestation of the lashes is more frequent in adult; a pubic attack is usually associated. it is however rare in children. the goal of our study is to bring back four observations of infantile phtiriasis palpebrarum.	2005	16208228
[pthirus pubis infestation in a couple].		2005	16300013
pediculosis pubis: presentation to ophthalmologist as pthriasis palpebrarum associated with corneal epithelial keratitis.	pthiriasis palpebrarum caused by infestation with pthirus pubis (crab louse) draws attention to pediculosis in the pubic and inguinal region. as pthiriasis is usually transmitted by sexual contact, many cases are likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases. a multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of these cases. in this case report, we highlight the above and report for the first time associated keratitis.	2006	16734970
[morphological observation and measurement for synthetic micrograph of phthirus pubis].	larva and adult of phthirus pubis were dehydrated and transparentized. photos were taken separately and synthesized to integrated photograph with computer for morphological observation and measurement.	2006	16866158
phthiriasis palpebrarum: 2 case reports.	phthiriasis palpebrarum, caused by the phthirus pubis, is a rare cause of blepharoconjunctivitis, and is therefore often neglected. we present 2 patients who suffered itching and irritation at the right upper eyelid. biomicroscopic examination showed a few lice and nits anchored to the eyelashes. dermatologic examination revealed the presence of numerous lice and nits at the trunk and pubic area. the lice and nits were manually removed if possible, and the patients were asked to put vaseline on ...	2006	16903509
evolutionary relationships of "candidatus riesia spp.," endosymbiotic enterobacteriaceae living within hematophagous primate lice.	the primary endosymbiotic bacteria from three species of parasitic primate lice were characterized molecularly. we have confirmed the characterization of the primary endosymbiont (p-endosymbiont) of the human head/body louse pediculus humanus and provide new characterizations of the p-endosymbionts from pediculus schaeffi from chimpanzees and pthirus pubis, the pubic louse of humans. the endosymbionts show an average percent sequence divergence of 11 to 15% from the most closely related known ba ...	2007	17220259
pair of lice lost or parasites regained: the evolutionary history of anthropoid primate lice.	the parasitic sucking lice of primates are known to have undergone at least 25 million years of coevolution with their hosts. for example, chimpanzee lice and human head/body lice last shared a common ancestor roughly six million years ago, a divergence that is contemporaneous with their hosts. in an assemblage where lice are often highly host specific, humans host two different genera of lice, one that is shared with chimpanzees and another that is shared with gorillas. in this study, we recons ...	2007	17343749
four cases of pediculosis caused by pthirus pubis linnaeus, 1758 (diptera: anoplura) from peninsular malaysia.	four cases of pediculosis, two in adults and two in children, caused by the crab-louse, pthirus pubis linnaeus, 1758 (diptera: anoplura) is reported from peninsular malaysia. this is the second report of the problem to be documented from the country. although p. pubis is closely associated with genital hairs, it is, however, also found to occur on the eyelashes, eyebrows, hairs of the body, head and axilla. the few reported cases of pthiriasis probably do not reflect the true situation.	2007	18209717
what's eating you? pubic lice (pthirus pubis).		2008	18441761
[correction of the morphological structure of pthirus pubis reported in tianjin].		2008	24818362
phthriasis palpebrarum mimicking lid eczema and blepharitis.	phthiriasis palpebrarum (pp) is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis. we report a case of pp mimicking lid eczema and blepharitis. a 68-year-old woman had moderate itching in both eyes. her initial diagnosis was considered to be lid eczema or blepharitis because of findings similar to exfoliative lesions and color changes in eyelids and to excretions over eyelashes. careful observation revealed many lice and translucent nits, protuberances and hyperpigmentary changes, and the burie ...	2009	20339456
[std in the eye].	in this paper, we review sexually transmitted diseases (std) involving the eye. recently conjunctivitis due to chlamydia trachomatis in children and adults is increasing, and that of neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to multiple antibiotics has attracted special attention in our country. syphilis has many ocular manifestations such as keratitis, iridocyclitis, retinochorioiditis, and neuritis, etc. ocular complications related to hiv infection, including hiv retinopathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, ...	2009	19177759
pubic lice (pthirus pubis): history, biology and treatment vs. knowledge and beliefs of us college students.	pubic lice (pthirus pubis) maintain a worldwide parasitic population infesting two to over 10 percent of human populations, continuing a presence that has been constant since early evidence 10,000 years ago. outbreaks in the 1970s have been recorded, but incomplete records preclude description of a definitive population cycle. current levels of infestation in a us college student population were investigated in this study. knowledge and opinions of students were also recorded in an online survey ...	2009	19440402
'royal' pediculosis in renaissance italy: lice in the mummy of the king of naples ferdinand ii of aragon (1467-1496).	pediculosis seems to have afflicted humans since the most ancient times and lice have been found in several ancient human remains. examination of the head hair and pubic hair of the artificial mummy of ferdinand ii of aragon (1467-1496), king of naples, revealed a double infestation with two different species of lice, pediculus capitis, the head louse, and pthirus pubis, the pubic louse. the hair samples were also positive for the presence of mercury, probably applied as an anti-pediculosis ther ...	2009	19722098
the histopathology of phthirus pubis.		2009	18715253
infestation of the eyelashes with phthirus pubis.		2010	20083563
[protozoons and arthropods found in eyes.]	protozoons and arthropods can be observed commonly all around the world including our country. these parasites can cause different kind of disorders in human and animals. some of these can cause eye disorders. the aim of this review was to present information about how the protozoons such as toxoplasma gondii, leishmania spp., trypanosoma spp., giardia spp., acanthamoeba spp., plasmodium spp., the arthropods insects of myiasis, phthirus pubis, ticks, demodex folliculorum and linguatula serrata ( ...	2010	20597061
conjunctivitis due to phthirus pubis: a trap for the unwary.	it is not uncommon for patients to present to eye casualties with a red eye and where treatment has already been started by the general practitioner, usually in the form of antibiotic drops or ointment for presumed bacterial/viral conjunctivitis. occasionally, the diagnosis is not simply a bacterial conjunctivitis and this can only be clarified by close ocular inspection.	2010	20852205
[analysis and treatment of a patient with bilateral pthiriasis palpebrarum].	observation: a 41-year-old man presented to the ophthalmologic emergency department with ocular burns. the examination showed many parasites at several stages of the parasitic cycle. the parasitologic analysis found many pthirus pubis in the eyelids. the dermatological consultation determined that other locations were affected and sought other sexually transmitted diseases and also detected other exposed patients. the detailed clinical examination determined the type of ectoparasite concerned an ...	2010	20961656
european guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis, 2010.	transmission of the crab louse phthirus pubis generally occurs by close body contact. diagnosis is usually clinical and screening for other sexually transmitted infections (stis) is indicated. while most evidence is extrapolated from studies of head lice treatments, topical pediculicides are recommended and treatment of sexual contacts is indicated.	2011	21680662
[case report: infestation of lower extremities by phthirus pubis, linnaeus 1758 after contact with second-hand furniture].	this case has been filed as a 21-year old male patient who was diagnosed with p. pubis present in his tibial hair. the agent was not found in body parts of the patient other than both lower extremities. the infestation is thought to stem from using second-hand furniture which had been bought the day before the case developed; as other possible ways of infection such as transmission through the rest of the residents of the house were ruled out in our medical investigation. ...	2011	22198926
human pediculosis: a critical health problem and what about nursing policy?	lice infestation on the human body (also known as pediculosis) is very common. cases number in the hundreds of millions worldwide. three distinct presentations of lice infection exist and each is caused by a unique parasite. head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) is by far and away the most common infestation and favors no particular socioeconomic group. a genetically close "cousin," pediculus humanus corporis, is responsible for body lice and is more commonly associated with poverty, overcrowdin ...	2012	23469630
evolution of extensively fragmented mitochondrial genomes in the lice of humans.	bilateral animals are featured by an extremely compact mitochondrial (mt) genome with 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the human body louse, pediculus humanus, however, has its mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. we sequenced the mt genomes of two other human lice: the head louse, p. capitis, and the pubic louse, pthirus pubis. comparison among the three human lice revealed the presence of fragmented mt genomes in their most recent common ancestor, which lived ∼7 ma. the head louse has exac ...	2012	23042553
human phthiriasis. can dermoscopy really help dermatologists? entodermoscopy: a new dermatological discipline on the edge of entomology.	the diagnosis of human phtiriasis (often referred to as the "crab" or the "pubic louse") can be more difficult than other types of pediculosis (pediculus corporis and pediculus capitis) because this insect has a smaller body of 1.2 x 0.8 mm, may be lighter in color, not as mobile and therefore harder to see to the naked eye. can dermoscopy aid to perform a better analysis of the skin? the clinical experience developed in two patients gives an affirmative answer, moreover adding useful informatio ...	2012	22370575
case of phthiriasis palpebrarum with blepheroconjunctivitis.	a 70-year-old woman came to ophthalmology outpatient department with complaints of repeated episodes of itching, redness and watering in both eyes of 3 months duration. she was treated with antibiotics elsewhere but had no improvement. slit lamp examination showed lice and nits anchored to the eyelashes. light microscopic examination of the matted eye lashes and crusts further helped in identification of the ectoparasites as phthirus pubis (pubic louse or crab louse) with typical morphology.	2012	22885208
phthiriasis palpebrarum: diagnosis and treatment.	phthiriasis palpebrarum is an ectoparasitosis in which phthirus pubis infest the eyelashes. it is rare and it can easily be misdiagnosed as blepharitis. the purpose of this study is to describe seven cases of phthiriasis palpebrarum so as to discuss its mode of infestation, diagnosis and treatment.	2013	24157356
first report of family infestation with pubic louse (pthirus pubis; insecta: anoplura: pthiridae) in iran--a case report.	the sucking lice including the head, body and pubic louse infest humans and so they are of high hygienic importance. pubic lice are transmitted during sexual contact in adults. thus, infestation of children with pubis louse is very rare. a case of infestation with pubic louse (pthirus pubis) in a family in kashan was seen. on examination of family members, the parasites were collected and observed under the light microscope. infestation of eyelashes with p. pubis lice was confirmed. since this p ...	2013	23665721
parasitic infections of the external eye.	to review the published literature on parasitic infections of external eye.	2013	23617222
dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist part i: dermoscopy of pediatric infectious and inflammatory skin lesions and hair disorders.	the dermoscope allows physicians to examine the macroscopic and microscopic primary morphology of skin lesions, identify subtle clinical clues, confirm naked-eye clinical diagnoses, and monitor treatment progress while posing little threat to the young patient. this review summarizes important dermoscopic structures seen in infectious and inflammatory skin conditions and hair disorders in children. scabies, pediculosis, phthiriasis, molluscum contagiosum, tinea nigra, and verrucae are well chara ...	2013	23405886
phthriasis palpebrarum can resemble tick larva infestation in an eyelid.	the similarities of the larval and nymph stages of the tick and louse (pthirus pubis) may lead to misdiagnosis in rare cases of infestation of the eyelashes. the most frequent manifestations of tick in the eye are conjunctivitis, uveitis, keratitis, and vasculitis. tick inoculation of the skin can locally lead to formation of granuloma and abscess. more concerning is the potential systemic sequelae that can result from transmission of zoonoses such as lyme disease. p. pubis can cause pruritic ey ...	2013	23993722
[understanding mitochondrial genome fragmentation in parasitic lice (insecta: phthiraptera)].	lice are obligate ectoparasites of mammals and birds. extensive fragmentation of mitochondrial genomes has been found in some louse species in the families pediculidae, pthiridae, philopteridae and trichodectidae. for example, the mt genomes of human body louse (pediculus humanus), head louse (pediculus capitis), and public louse (pthirus pubis) have 20, 20 and 14 mini-chromosomes, respectively. these mini-chromosomes might be the results of deletion and recombination of mt genes. the factors an ...	2013	23853355