Publications

patterns of sexual dimorphism in body weight among prosimian primates.	many primatologists believe that there is no sexual dimorphism in body size in prosimian primates. because this belief is based upon data that came from only a few species and were largely flawed in some aspect of sample quality, i re-examined the extent of sexual dimorphism in body weight, using weights of 791 adult prosimians from 34 taxa recorded over the last 17 years at the duke university primate center. there was no significant sex difference in body weight in 17 species, but males were s ...	1991	1794769
evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia.	as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ...	1994	7813517
non-invasive detection and monitoring of estrus, pregnancy and the postpartum period in pygmy loris (nycticebus pygmaeus) using fecal estrogen metabolites.	estrone-conjugates (e1c) were measured in the feces of six female pygmy lorises (nycticebus pygmaeus) during estrus (n = 12), pregnancy (n = 4) and the postpartum period (n = 3). noninvasive feces collection permitted frequent sampling throughout estrus and pregnancy, without disturbance of animals. the estrous period was defined as an increase in fecal e1c levels above an average of 70 ng/g feces with peaks above 100 ng/g feces obtained in consecutive fecal samples collected over a 6- to 11-day ...	1997	9050368
[genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among chinese macacas based on protein electrophoresis].	in this paper, using protein electrophoresis method, we studied proteinpolymorphism and genetic divergence of 5 species in genus macaca: m. mulatta, m. arctoides, m. assamensis, m. thibetana, m. fascicularis. a total of 30 genetic loci were analyzed for 29 individuals, including 4 nycticebus pygmaeus as outgroup. for the 19 m. mulatta, 9 loci were found to be polymorphic. accordingly, the percentage of polymorphic loci, p = 0.3; the mean number of alleles, a = 1.4, and the mean heterozygosity, h ...	1997	9254965
cranial allometry and geographic variation in slow lorises (nycticebus)	a series of 20 craniodental measurements was obtained for two sister taxa: nycticebus coucang (common slow loris) and n. pygmaeus (pygmy slow loris). multivariate analysis of variance was performed with adult data to describe patterns of subspecific and specific variation in this genus. the geometric mean of adult cranial dimensions was compared to field data on latitudinal coordinates for available specimens to investigate if size variation in nycticebus is clinal in nature. ontogenetic series ...	1998	9651647
monitoring pregnancy in twinning pygmy loris (nycticebus pygmaeus) using fecal estrogen metabolites.	estrone and estrone conjugates were measured in the feces of three female pygmy lorises (nycticebus pygmaeus) throughout estrus, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. two females gave birth to twins, while the third had a single stillborn. a comparison between the hormonal profiles of these three pregnancies with each other and with previously reported pregnancies resulting in singletons or twins [jurke et al., american journal of primatology 41:103-115, 1997] revealed a characteristic pattern o ...	1998	9773680
molecular evolution of gh in primates: characterisation of the gh genes from slow loris and marmoset defines an episode of rapid evolutionary change.	pituitary growth hormone (gh), like several other protein hormones, shows an unusual episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change are imposed on long periods of very slow evolution (near-stasis). a marked period of rapid change occurred in the evolution of gh in primates or a primate ancestor, and gave rise to the species specificity that is characteristic of human gh. we have defined more precisely the position of this burst by cloning and sequencing the gh ...	2001	11357061
characterization and phylogenetic relationship of prosimian mhc class i genes.	mhc class i cdna sequences from the most divergent primate group of extant primates compared to human, the suborder strepsirrhini (prosimians), are described. the sequences are derived from the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) and the ring-tailed lemur (lemur catta), which are members of the malagasy lemuriformes, as well as from the pygmy slow loris (nycticebus pygmaeus), a prosimian from east asia. the m. murinus sequences have been analyzed in detail. analysis of the expression level, g/ ...	2002	12486535
odor familiarity and female preferences for males in a threatened primate, the pygmy loris nycticebus pygmaeus: applications for genetic management of small populations.	here we use sexual selection theory to develop a logistically simple, yet effective, method for the manipulation of female reproductive behavior for conservation goals. mate choice leading to nonrandom mating patterns can exacerbate the loss of genetic diversity in small populations. on theoretical grounds, females should choose high-quality mates. a prediction stemming from chemical communication theory is that competitive males will be better able to saturate an area with scent marks. if this ...	2003	14610648
evidence of tree gouging and exudate eating in pygmy slow lorises (nycticebus pygmaeus).		2003	11275748
molecular evolution of prolactin in primates.	pituitary prolactin, like growth hormone (gh) and several other protein hormones, shows an episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change contrast with long periods of slow evolution. a period of rapid change occurred in the evolution of prolactin in primates, leading to marked sequence differences between human prolactin and that of nonprimate mammals. we have defined this burst more precisely by sequencing the coding regions of prolactin genes for a prosimian ...	2005	15983870
kinematics of vertical climbing in lorises and cheirogaleus medius.	the type of climbing exhibited by apes and atelines is argued to have been important in the evolution of specialized locomotion, such as suspensory locomotion and bipedalism. however, little is known about the mechanics of climbing in primates. previous work shows that asian apes and atelines use larger joint excursions and longer strides than african apes and the japanese macaque, respectively. this study expands knowledge of climbing mechanics by providing the first quantitative kinematic data ...	2006	16445966
mother-infant interactions in slow lorises (nycticebus bengalensis) and pygmy lorises (nycticebus pygmaeus).	the study had three purposes: (1) to obtain information about mother-infant interactions in a rarely studied nocturnal prosimian, the pygmy loris (nycticebus pygmaeus); (2) to compare pygmy lorises with a closely related and better-studied nocturnal prosimian, the bengal slow loris (nycticebus bengalensis); and (3) to determine how the presence of a second offspring affected mother-infant interactions in pygmy lorises. three bengal slow loris mothers and 3 pygmy loris mothers served as subjects, ...	2006	14605472
ocular oxyspirurosis of primates in zoos: intermediate host, worm morphology, and probable origin of the infection in the moscow zoo.	over the last century, only two cases of ocular oxyspirurosis were recorded in primates, both in zoos, and two species were described: in berlin, germany, oxyspirura (o.) conjunctivalis from the lemurid microcebus murinus, later also found in the lorisid loris gracilis; in jacksonville, florida, o. (o.) youngi from the cercopithecid monkey erythrocebus patas. in the present case from the moscow zoo, oxyspirurosis was recorded in several species of old world lemuriforms and lorisiforms, and some ...	2007	18225417
growth and the development of sexual size dimorphism in lorises and galagos.	three fundamental ontogenetic pathways lead to the development of size differences between males and females. males and females may grow at the same rate for different durations (bimaturism), grow for the same duration at different rates, or grow at a mix of rate and duration differences. while patterns of growth and the development of adult body size are well established for many haplorhines, the extent to which rate and duration differences affect strepsirrhine growth trajectories remains uncl ...	2012	21989860
hiding from the moonlight: luminosity and temperature affect activity of asian nocturnal primates in a highly seasonal forest.	the effect of moonlight and temperature on activity of slow lorises was previously little known and this knowledge might be useful for understanding many aspects of their behavioural ecology, and developing strategies to monitor and protect populations. in this study we aimed to determine if the activity of the pygmy loris (nycticebus pygmaeus) is affected by ambient temperature and/or moonlight in a mixed deciduous forest. we radio-collared five females and five males in the seima protection fo ...	2012	22558461
obligate exudativory characterizes the diet of the pygmy slow loris nycticebus pygmaeus.	few primate species are known to excavate plant sources to procure exudates and other foods via active gouging. it is now apparent that slow lorises belong to this rare guild of obligate exudativorous primates. we investigate the diet of the pygmy loris (nycticebus pygmaeus) in a mixed deciduous forest in the seima protection forest, eastern cambodia, and attempted to determine the importance of this resource in their diet. feeding behaviors of six females and seven males were observed using rad ...	2013	23801524
mapping the nasal airways: using histology to enhance ct-based three-dimensional reconstruction in nycticebus.	three-dimensional reconstructions of imaging data are an increasingly common approach for studying anatomical structure. however, certain aspects of anatomy, including microscopic structure and differentiating tissue types, continue to benefit from traditional histological analyses. we present here a detailed methodology for combining data from microct and histological imaging to create 3d virtual reconstructions for visualization and further analyses. we used this approach to study the distribu ...	2014	25312369
hibernation in the pygmy slow loris (nycticebus pygmaeus): multiday torpor in primates is not restricted to madagascar.	hibernation and short daily torpor are states of energy conservation with reduced metabolism and body temperature. both hibernation, also called multiday torpor, and daily torpor are common among mammals and occur in at least 11 orders. within the primates, there is a peculiar situation, because to date torpor has been almost exclusively reported for malagasy lemurs. the single exception is the african lesser bushbaby, which is capable of daily torpor, but uses it only under extremely adverse co ...	2015	26633602
diets high in fruits and low in gum exudates promote the occurrence and development of dental disease in pygmy slow loris (nycticebus pygmaeus).	asian slow lorises are found in zoos and rescue centres worldwide with nycticebus pygmaeus, the pygmy slow loris, boasting the largest population in captivity. diet are reportedly high in fruit and concentrates and low in insects and exudates. wild feeding studies place insects, nectar, and gums as the most important diet components. captive populations also show high incidences of health afflictions, many of which may be caused by nutrition. our study, aims at identifying a causative agent with ...	2015	26339992
sources of morbidity in lorises and pottos in north american zoos: a retrospective review, 1980-2010.	delineating patterns of morbidity can reveal management practices in need of reassessment to improve individual welfare, as well as population health and sustainability. we reviewed medical records from 38 north american zoological institutions for 276 slender lorises, slow lorises, and pottos born between january 1, 1980 and december 31, 2010. this sample included animals identified as 116 nycticebus pygmaeus, 84 n. coucang, 48 loris tardigradus tardigradus, 6 l.t. nordicus (now classified as l ...	2018	29971828
nasal airflow in the pygmy slow loris (nycticebus pygmaeus) based on a combined histological, computed tomographic and computational fluid dynamics methodology.	'macrosmatic' mammals have dedicated olfactory regions within their nasal cavity and segregated airstreams for olfaction and respiratory air-conditioning. here, we examined the 3d distribution of olfactory surface area (sa) and nasal airflow patterns in the pygmy slow loris (nycticebus pygmaeus), a primate with primitive nasal cavities, except for enlarged eyes that converge upon the posterodorsal nasal region. using the head of an adult loris cadaver, we co-registered micro-computed tomography ...	2019	31712355
nonhuman primate welfare: can there be a relationship between personality, lateralization and physiological indicators?	measuring personality is being used to improved nonhuman primate welfare. to expand its use, it is important to identify traits that are shared between species and that measures are reliable, easy to use and less time consuming. combining personality and other indicators strong validation of the results can be obtained. in the present study, we sought to determine if there is a link between physiological stress response (fecal cortisol metabolites), personality (ratings made by animal keepers an ...	2019	31271769
efficacy of camera traps in detecting primates in hue saola nature reserve.	camera trapping has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in surveying a suite of species, especially elusive mammals in rough terrains. the method has become increasingly common in primate surveys for both ground-dwelling and arboreal taxa in many tropical regions of the world. however, camera trapping has rarely been used to inventory primates in vietnam, although many species are under severe threats and in critical need of surveying for improved conservation measures. in this study, we e ...	2020	32383126