Publications

viral susceptibility range of the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) poikilothermic cell line.	the viral susceptibility range of a poikilothermic cell line derived from the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) (fhm) to infection by a number of homoiothermic viruses representing most of the presently recognized viral groups and a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma group of agents was studied. all infectious agents, except poliovirus types 1 and 3, infectious bursal agent, and an avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain, readily multiplied in the fhm cell culture syste ...	1970	5461163
toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids to fish.	the toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids was determined with coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead trout (salmo gairdneri), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (icatlurus punctatus), bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), and yellow perch (perca flavescens). the 96-hour lc50's in static tests at 12 degrees c ranged from 24.6 to 114 mug/l of natural pyrethrins and from 0.110 to 1,140 mug/l of pyrethroids. two pyrethroids, ru-11679 and sbp-1382 (r), were over 10 t ...	1976	5059
new species of gyrodactylus and dactylogyrus (trematoda: monogenea) from fishes of nebraska.	six new monogenetic trematodes are described from nebraska fishes: gyrodactylus bulbacanthus sp. n. from fundulus kansae (garman); g. callawayensis sp. n. from notropis lutrensis (baird and girard); g. eos sp. n. from phoxinus eos (cope); g. nebraskensis from phoxinus neogaeus (cope); g. planensis from notropis dorsalis (agassiz); and dactylogyrus pectenatus from pimephales promelas (rafinesque). this is the second report of monogeneans from nebraska fishes.	1977	915609
a 96-hour sediment bioassay of duluth and superior harbor basins (minnesota) using hexagenia limbata, asellus communis, daphnia magna, and pimephales promelas as test organisms.		1977	890151
acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to freshwater fishes.	acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide was determined at various temperatures from 4 degrees to 30 degrees c and oxygen concentrations of 3.36 to 9.26 mg/l on different life history stages of five species of fish: fathead minnow, pimephales promelas refinesque; bluegill, lepomis macrochirus rafinesque; yellow perch, perca flavescens (mitchill); brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill); and rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri richardson. median lethal threshold concentrations and 96-hr lc50's were es ...	1978	215091
measurement of the aquatic toxicity of volatile nitrosamines.	the acute toxicity of n-nitrosodimethylamine (dmn) and n-nitrosodiethylamine (den) was determined for three groups of aquatic organisms: algae, invertebrates, and fish. toxicity of dmn and den to algae was assessed as a repression in the growth rate of either selenastrum capricornutum or anabaena flos-aquae in static bioassay tests. dmn and den concentrations of 1-10 ppm depressed algal growth in all cases. invertebrate toxicity was determined in 96-h static bioassay tests with dugesia dorotocep ...	1979	43403
trypanosoma cruzi: attenuation of virulence by culture in tissues.	trypomastigotes of the 'brazil' strain of trypanosoma cruzi were cultured in vero and fish (pimephales promelas) cells at 30 and 37 c. those harvested from 37 c vero cell cultures killed all inoculated c3h mice no matter how long the cultures had been maintained. those harvested from 120-day 30 c vero and fish cultures killed only 1 out of 10 mice each, indicating attenuation of virulence. when the surviving mice were later challenged with vero-cultured trypomastigotes known to be lethal to cont ...	1983	6416130
pleomorphism in trypomastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi from blood and cell culture.	the sequential variation in the body type of trypomastigotes of the 'brazil' strain of trypanosoma cruzi was followed in 4 experimental models: cultures of vero fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees c. cultures of fish epithelial cells (pimephales promelas) incubated at 37 degrees c. blood of c3h mice inoculated with trypomastigotes from 37 degrees c vero cell culture. blood of c3h mice inoculated with trypomastigotes from blood of cf1 mice. in both animal models, the picture was similar: a great ...	1983	6420964
toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms.	toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the united states environmental protection agency (epa) as priority pollutants. acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(ii) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), b ...	1983	6617566
morphological survey of teleost organs important in carcinogenesis with attention to fixation.	key features of the gross and microscopic anatomy of teleost liver, digestive tract, kidney, and skin were reviewed from the world literature. illustrations of the above and new findings were obtained from light as well as scanning and transmission electron micrographs of tissues from 7 freshwater fish species: alosa sapidissima, american shad; esox lucius, northern pike; lepomis macrochirus, bluegill sunfish; pimephales promelas, fathead minnow; stizostedion vitreum, walleye; oryzias latipes, j ...	1984	6087142
evaluation of acute bioassays for assessing toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils.	proposed state of california regulations use fish toxicity information as one criterion in municipal or industrial waste hazard evaluation. static 96-hr bioassays were performed using fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), blacksmith (chromis punctipinnis), and glass shrimp (palaemonetes kadiakensis) exposed to soil experimentally contaminated with up to 500 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) capacitor fluid added at a concentration of 500 mg liter-1. other bioassays were conducted with a 6-day ...	1986	3085173
comparative activity of gill atpase in three freshwater teleosts exposed to cadmium.	the comparative activity of gill atpase was examined in the bluegill sunfish (lepomis macrochirus), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), and golden shiner (notemigonus crysoleucas). basal na/k atpase activity was highest in bluegill sunfish (1.46 mumol pi/mg protein/hr) and lowest in golden shiners (1.01 mumol pi/mg protein/hr). while a stimulation of na/k atpase activity was observed at an exposure concentration of 1 micrograms cd/liter in the bluegill sunfish and fathead minnows, an inhibitio ...	1987	2826104
aquatic toxicity of acrylates and methacrylates: quantitative structure-activity relationships based on kow and lc50.	recent epa scrutiny of acrylate and methacrylate monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and significant new use rules under the toxic substances control act, based on structure-activity relationships using mouse skin painting studies. the concern is centered on human health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. environmental issues, such as aquatic toxicity, are still of concern. understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the un ...	1987	3438503
toxicity of fenvalerate and its constituent isomers to the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas, and bluegill, lepomis macrochirus.		1987	3580587
the suprapopulation dynamics of bothriocephalus acheilognathi in a north carolina reservoir: abundance, dispersion, and prevalence.	a 2 1/2-year study (september 1980-march 1983) of abundance, dispersion, and prevalence of the pseudophyllidean cestode, bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in 3 species of fish (gambusia affinis, notropis lutrensis, and pimephales promelas) was conducted in 3 ecologically distinct areas of a north carolina cooling pond. mean infrapopulation density and prevalence differed by site, season, and species and size of hosts. degree of aggregation and abundance and prevalence of gravid worms differed by sp ...	1987	3656009
rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) stocking and contracaecum spp.	a stocking program with rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) at high rock lake, manitoba failed due to infections with large numbers of contracaecum spp. larvae. nematode larvae in the intestinal tract, body cavity and musculature made the fish unmarketable. a combination of experimental infections of rainbow trout and pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), observations on the behavior of fish-eating birds, and numbers of larval contracaecum spp. in minnow species led to the following conclusions. the ...	1987	3586201
effect of fenvalerate on metabolic ion dynamics in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus).		1989	2545294
hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and macroinvertebrates in recirculating sediment/water systems.	fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), the worm, lumbriculus variegatus, and the amphipods hyalella azteca and gammarus lacustris were exposed to hexachlorobenzene (hcb) in water with and without a bed of hcb-spiked sediment. water hcb concentrations were maintained by recirculation through hcb-packed columns. recirculating hcb-bound particulates and possibly eroded hcb particulates were an added source of hcb in addition to the sediment bed. significant bioaccumulation of hcb in animal tissues ...	1990	2331142
toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents contaminated by pentachlorophenol in southwest missouri.	toxicity of effluents from two sewage treatment plants in joplin, missouri, was tested using ceriodaphnia dubia and pimephales promelas. no test organisms survived in effluents from either plant, in effluents diluted with water from turkey creek (the receiving stream), or in water from turkey creek. mortality was complete in all but the most dilute treatments of effluents, in which reconstituted water was used as the diluent. high concentrations of pentachlorophenol (130-970 microg liter(-1)) in ...	1990	15092306
interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and fathead minnows, pimephales promelas rafinesque, under laboratory conditions.	interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and fathead minnows, pimephales promelas, were studied in laboratory exposures to two commercial formulations, vectobac-g and mosquito attack. mortality among fatheads exposed to 2.0 x 10 to 6.5 x 10 cfu/ml with both formulations was attributed to severe dissolved oxygen depletion due to formulation ingredients rather than to direct toxicity from the parasporal crystal. no adverse effects were observed at 6.4 x 10 cfu/ml and below. f ...	1990	16348271
interspecies comparisons of a/d ratios: a/d ratios are not constant across species.	the hypothesis that the ratio of the adult (a) and developmental (d) toxicity of a chemical is constant across animal species has been proposed as the basis for identifying developmental hazards, both from traditional developmental toxicity screens using laboratory mammals and from alternative systems such as the coelenterate hydra attenuata. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a/d ratios are constant across species. the developmental and adult toxicity of 14 chemicals was assesse ...	1991	1843185
acute toxicity of pcb congeners to daphnia magna and pimephales promelas.		1991	1902128
seasonal occurrence of lernaea cyprinacea on fishes in belews lake, north carolina.	prevalence, abundance, and mean intensity of lernaea cyprinacea were monitored on 3 species of fishes from june 1984 through august 1986 in belews lake, north carolina. copepods were observed parasitizing fishes only during summer, when water temperatures exceeded 25 c. infection levels in mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) and red shiners (notropis lutrensis) were very low, but they were much higher in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). infection levels do not appear to be related to the size ...	1991	2010869
qsar studies of comparative toxicity in aquatic organisms.	this study investigated the relationships between the toxicities of common organic pollutants to the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), to daphnia magna, to tetrahymena pyriformis and in the microtox test, which uses the luminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum. the toxicity data were compiled from the literature, with the exception of 40 experimentally determined microtox data. encouraging correlations are seen, indicating significant relationships between fish toxicities and those t ...	1991	1815364
regression and cluster analysis of the acute toxicity of 267 chemicals to six species of biota and the octanol/water partition coefficient.	the acute toxicities of 267 compounds to six aquatic and one terrestrial species were investigated with correlation, principal component and cluster analysis techniques for relationships with each other and with the compounds' octanol/water partition coefficient. selection of the investigated chemicals was based on the availability of at least three of the following measured parameters: acute (24-h to 96-h) lethal concentrations (lc50) to the fish fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), the fish g ...	1991	1815369
integrated assessment of contaminated sediments in the lower fox river and green bay, wisconsin.	samples of sediment and biota were collected from sites in the lower fox river and southern green bay to determine existing or potential impacts of sediment-associated contaminants on different ecosystem components of this great lakes area of concern. evaluation of benthos revealed a relatively depauperate community, particularly at the lower fox river sites. sediment pore water and bulk sediments from several lower fox river sites were toxic to a number of test species including pimephales prom ...	1992	1375148
dna cleavage, antiviral and cytotoxic reactions photosensitized by simple enediyne compounds.	very potent antibiotic antitumor natural products contain a enediyne moiety which, upon thermal activation, is capable of abstracting hydrogens from dna. 1,6-diphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne was selected as a candidate for inducing dna strand breaks photochemically. easily interconverted with light, both geometric isomers 1 and 2 were expected to be phototoxic. as anticipated, they photosensitized the production of strand breaks in double-stranded supercoiled pbr322, and in single-stranded m13 dna. t ...	1993	8301409
phototoxicity of (1h-indenyl)thiophenes.	the (1h-indenyl)thiophene derivatives 2 and 3 were recently reported to be excellent singlet oxygen sensitizers, comparable to alpha-terthienyl (1). the phototoxicity of these compounds was compared, using human erythrocytes, aedes aegypti mosquito larvae, daphnia magna, and fish (fathead minnows, pimephales promelas). the known ranking of the photooxidation properties was found to be a good predictor of phototoxic properties in erythrocytes and mosquito larvae but not in daphnias. all three com ...	1993	8378432
aquatic biomonitoring of reclaimed water for potable use: the san diego health effects study.	highly treated reclaimed wastewater was evaluated as a possible supplement to raw water sources required to meet san diego's growing need for potable water. biomonitoring experiments employing fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were used to compare reclaimed water with the city's current raw water supply. juvenile fish were exposed in flow-through aquaria in field laboratories located at the reclamation plant (aqua ii) and at a municipal potable water treatment facility (miramar). biomonitori ...	1993	8492326
chemical labeling of northern pike (esox lucius) by the alarm pheromone of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas).	in previous experiments, chemical stimuli from northern pike (esox lucius) elicited fright responses from pike-naive fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) only if the pike had recently eaten conspecific minnows. we used a behavioral assay to determine if the fright response is the result of the incorporation of the minnow alarm pheromone into the chemical signature of the pike. because the alarm substance cells (epidermal club cells) of fathead minnows are seasonally lost by males, we used chemi ...	1993	24249372
the role of olfaction in chemosensory-based predator recognition in the fathead minnow,pimephales promelas.	solitary fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were rendered anosmic and exposed to chemical stimuli from a predatory northern pike (esox lucius) to determine the role of olfaction in the minnow's ability to recognize predators on the basis of chemical stimuli. anosmic fish did not respond to the pike stimuli with a typical fright reaction, while control fish, with intact olfactory receptors, did. these results demonstrate that the olfactory system is necessary for the ability of fathead minnows ...	1993	24249006
heat-inducible proteins that react with antibodies to chaperonin60 are localized in the nucleus of a fish cell line.	we report in the present paper that proteins which react with a polyclonal antibody (pab) raised against the heat-shock protein chaperonin60 (cpn60) were revealed by indirect immunofluorescence in the nucleus of a fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas) cell line after heat-shock. this immunoreactive cpn60 associated with the nucleolus and with discrete foci. an increased abundance of two nuclear proteins of approx. 57 and 42 kda, present in approximately equal amounts, was detected by wester ...	1994	7506532
mechanism-based comparisons of acute toxicities elicited by industrial organic chemicals in procaryotic and eucaryotic systems.	comparisons of toxicities elicited by nonpolar and polar narcotics, weak acid uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, and bioreactive chemicals between the eucaryotic systems pimephales promelas and tetrahymena pyriformis and the procaryotic systems escherichia coli and photobacterium phosphoreum were performed. each chemical had been a priori assigned a mechanism/mode of action based on the results from previous studies with eucaryotic systems. hydrophobicity-dependent qsars for nonpolar narco ...	1994	7533711
aquatic safety of lagenidium giganteum: effects on freshwater fish and invertebrates.	eleven freshwater species were exposed to a zoosporeproducing fungus, lagenidium giganteum, with the goal of determining species sensitivity with standard and new test procedures. the tests included standard, 4-day acute exposures of cladocerans (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex, and d. magna) and the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). standard 7-day chronic exposures of c. dubia and a 7-day embryo-larval exposure of p. promelas were also conducted. new, 4-day acute, methods were developed f ...	1994	7806894
reciprocal influences of temperature and copper on survival of fathead minnows, pimephales promelas.		1995	7579928
effects of a secondary-treated thermomechanical pulp mill effluent on aquatic organisms as assessed by short- and long-term laboratory tests.	the chronic effects of secondary-treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp (tmp) mill were assessed by means of long-term and short-term laboratory toxicity tests. the effluent used for the tests was sampled at a western canadian mill using mostly softwoods and < 10% recycled fiber as furnish. in the long-term test, the effects of the effluent on the life cycle of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were studied. in this experiment, which began with the egg stage and continued through to s ...	1995	7723080
quantitative structure-toxicity relationships and volume fraction analyses for selected esters.	the acute toxicity of aliphatic and aromatic mono and diesters in two eucaryotic organisms was compared. the test systems were the static 2-d tetrahymena pyriformis 50% population growth impairment (igc50(-1)) assay, and the flow-through 4-d pimephales promelas 50% mortality (lc50(-1)) assay. in ciliates, esters act via the nonpolar narcosis mechanism of toxic action. this was indicated by: the high quality 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log kow) dependent quantitative structure-activity ...	1995	7794017
quantitative structure-activity relationships for estimating the no-observable-effects concentration in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas).	quantitative structure-activity relationships, based on hydrophobicity measured as the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (kow), have been developed for predicting the acute no-observable-effects concentration (noec) for fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), using a mechanism/mode of action approach. models were developed for nonpolar narcotics, amine narcotics, polar narcotics, ester narcotics, and respiratory uncouplers. a set of bioreactive chemicals were evaluated, but models based on hy ...	1995	8705114
rapid toxicity assessment using an in vivo enzyme test for brachionus plicatilis (rotifera).	a 1-hr in vivo enzyme inhibition assay based on esterase activity has good potential for marine toxicity assessment. a test was developed for the rotifer brachionus plicatilis based on the nonfluorescent substrate fluorescein diacetate (fda), which is metabolized by esterases to a fluorescent product. enzyme inhibition, as determined by reduced fluorescence, can be scored visually or quantified using a fluorometer. quantification of fluorescence permits the calculation of noec, loec, chronic val ...	1995	7540536
effects of diet on localized defecation by northern pike,esox lucius.	fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) are able to detect conspecific alarm pheromone in the feces of northern pike (esox lucius) and have been shown to avoid areas labeled with the feces of pike that were fed minnows. the minnows did not avoid areas labeled with the feces of pike that were fed swordtails (xiphophorous helleri), which lack ostariophysan alarm pheromone. in laboratory experiments, pike fed a diet of minnows localized their defecation away from their foraging area. it has been sugg ...	1996	24227486
design and construction of model stream ecosystems.	a series of 12 outdoor model stream mesocosms was designed to evaluate the effects of chemicals and mixtures on the biota in stream ecosystems. an integrated design plan incorporated physical, chemical, and biological factors as well as the specific experimental objectives and effects parameters to be evaluated. analysis of biological assemblages such as macroinvertebrates and periphyton in the model stream mesocosms demonstrated the presence of diverse and sensitive taxa. these model stream mes ...	1996	8744921
assessing the effects of a c14-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant in stream mesocosms.	fish, benthic macroinvertebrate, and plant responses to 30-day exposures of c14-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant with an average of 7 mol of ethylene oxide (lae) were measured in flowthrough stream mesocosms. replicate stream mesocosms were treated in two experiments with concentrations of lae ranging from 80 to 550 microg/liter. macroinvertebrates were relatively insensitive with the exception of simuliidae density which was significantly affected at 160 microg/liter. fathead minnow (pim ...	1996	8812188
use of a miniaturized test system for determining acute toxicity of toxicity identification evaluation fractions.	a miniaturized test system was developed and used to determine the acute toxicity of effluent fractions separated by hplc to daphnia magna and pimephales promelas. the miniaturized test system consists of exposing test organisms in 1 ml of test solution using 48-well microtiter plates for the test vessels. several factors were investigated to determine the acceptability of this test system. these factors included organism biomass to test solution ratio, toxicity of the microtiter plates to the o ...	1996	8930499
lethal and sublethal effects of azulene and longifolene to microtox(r), ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, and pimephales promelas.		1997	8975804
influence of the energy relationship of organic compounds on toxicity to the cladoceran daphnia magna and the fish pimephales promelas.		1997	9469888
experimental factors that may affect toxicity of cadmium to freshwater organisms.	the effects of exposure duration, test organism, and test endpoint on the toxicity of cadmium to a variety of freshwater species were evaluated. toxicity of cadmium was assessed by monitoring the survival and reproduction of ceriodaphnia dubia richard; the survival of daphnia magna straus; and the survival and growth of hyalella azteca saussure, chironomus tentans fabricius, and pimephales promelas rafinesque. organisms were exposed in static systems for 48 h, 96 h, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d to determ ...	1997	9294247
ecotoxicity hazard assessment of styrene.	the ecotoxicity of styrene was evaluated in acute toxicity studies of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), daphnids (daphnia magna), amphipods (hyalella azteca), and freshwater green algae (selenastrum capricornutum), and a subacute toxicity study of earthworms (eisenia fostida). stable exposure levels were maintained in the studies with fathead minnows, daphnids, and amphipods using sealed, flowthrough, serial dilution systems and test vessels. the algae were evaluated in a sealed, static sys ...	1997	9262957
influence of the energy relationships of organic compounds on toxicity to the cladoceran daphnia magna and the fish pimephales promelas.	a concern of ecotoxicology is to predict the toxicity of substances to living systems. existing models of structure-activity relationships (sars) are statistical and applicable within classes of substances only. predictive models derived from first principles are wanting. transformity, a measure of the relative amount of energy required to generate a component or a flow in a transformation process, may help predict toxicity. this notion derives from two concepts. first, common substances are mor ...	1997	9056397
comparative toxicity of chlordane, chlorpyrifos, and aldicarb to four aquatic testing organisms	laboratory toxicity data contrasting responses of aquatic organisms to insecticides are important for focusing on sensitive species (steepest exposure-response slope) exposed to aqueous concentrations of these insecticides in field studies. these data also allow prediction of expected responses of aquatic species to a range of insecticide concentrations in situ. aqueous 48-h toxicity tests were performed to contrast responses of daphnia magna straus, hyalella azteca saussure, chironomus tentans ...	1998	9469857
the ecotoxicity and the biodegradability of lactic acid, alkyl lactate esters and lactate salts.	the ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean daphnia magna and the fish species brachydanio rerio and pimephales promelas. in addition, the biodegradation of lactate esters was also studied. the aim of the study was to provide predicted environmental data for additional alkyl homologues and metal salts. the ecotoxicity data are evaluated by means of structure activity relations ( ...	1998	9734323
ecotoxicological hazard assessment of two polymers of distinctively different molecular weights.	assessment of ecological risks during manufacturing, use, transport, and disposal are becoming increasingly important as planning tools during development of new products. the objective of this study was to establish the potential ecotoxicological hazard associated with two polycarboxylate polymers in water, sludge, sediment, and soil. the concentrations of both polymers were quantified using 14c-radiolabeled synthesis and liquid scintillation counting (lsc). the program included water column ac ...	1998	9469856
environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks, ahtn and hhcb. ii. effect assessment and risk characterisation.	reports of the polycyclic musks ahtn and hhcb in surface water and fish, primarily in europe, have prompted studies of their environmental effects. these effects then are used, along with the predicted environmental concentrations in a risk assessment according to the approach developed under european union regulation 793/93, in line with the technical guidance document for risk assessment of new and existing chemicals. in 72-h studies with algae (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), noecs were 0.3 ...	1999	10630704
fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) vitellogenin: purification, characterization and quantitative immunoassay for the detection of estrogenic compounds.	the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), was purified from blood plasma of 17beta-estradiol (e2)-treated male fathead minnows (pimephales promnelas) by anion-exchange chromatography on deae-agarose. a rabbit antiserum was raised against their blood plasma and then adsorbed with plasma from untreated (control) males to render the antiserum specific to vtg. the adsorbed antiserum was used to detect fathead minnow vtg (fvtg) in western and dot blotting experiments and in an enzyme-linked ...	1999	10442820
sediment toxicity and stormwater runoff in a contaminated receiving system: consideration of different bioassays in the laboratory and field.	several field and laboratory assays were employed below an urban storm sewer outfall to define the relationship between stormwater runoff and contaminant effects. specifically, two bioassays that measure feeding rate as a toxicological endpoint were employed in the field and in the laboratory, along with bioassays measuring survival and growth of test organisms. in 7 to 10 d in situ exposures, amphipod leaf disc processing, growth and survival were monitored. different exposure scenarios were in ...	1999	10448574
toxicity and bioavailability of copper herbicides (clearigate, cutrine-plus, and copper sulfate) to freshwater animals.	in designing aquatic herbicides containing copper, an important goal is to maximize efficacy for target species while minimizing risks for nontarget species. to have a margin of safety for nontarget species, the concentration, duration of exposure (i.e., uptake), and form (i.e., species) of copper used for herbicidal properties should not elicit adverse effects on populations of nontarget species. to determine the potential for risk or adverse effects (conversely the margin of safety), data rega ...	2000	11031304
parasite community structure in pimephales promelas (pisces: cyprinidae) from two converging streams.	parasites of the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas, were examined in fish collected from elk creek (40.88534 degrees n, 96.83366 degrees w) and west oak creek (40.90821 degrees n, 96.81432 degrees w), lancaster county, nebraska. these 2 streams are part of the salt valley watershed and flow together approximately 2 km downstream from the collection sites to form oak creek. this study examined the extent to which the 2 tributaries constitute a continuous habitat with respect to fish hosts. the ...	2000	10864278
evaluating mosquito control pesticides for effect on target and nontarget organisms.	recent requirements for biomonitoring of urban stormwater runoff have raised the issue of toxic contributions from mosquito control products. a comparison of seven pesticides for their toxicity to target and nontarget organisms was conducted in field and laboratory trials to determine relative impacts in and around craighead county, arkansas. twenty-four and forty-eight-hour acute toxicity tests using ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, daphnia pulex, and pimephales promelas were employed with u. ...	2000	10948282
using constructed wetlands to treat biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia associated with a refinery effluent.	this study evaluated the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of a petroleum refinery effluent. specific performance objectives were to decrease 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (bod(5)) and ammonia by at least 50% and to reduce toxicity associated with this effluent. two bench-scale wetlands (replicates) were constructed in a greenhouse to provide tertiary treatment of effluent samples shipped from the refinery to the study site. integrated wetland features included typha ...	2000	10648135
effects of the mammalian antiandrogen vinclozolin on development and reproduction of the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas).	previous work with the chlorinated fungicide vinclozolin and its metabolites, 2-{[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy}-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (m1) and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (m2), indicated antiandrogenic properties expressed in vivo as abnormalities in sexual differentiation of male rats after maternal exposures. in this study, we attempted to determine whether vinclozolin might also exhibit antiandrogenic properties in a model fish species, the fathead minnow, pimeph ...	2000	10794831
toxicity of mono-, di- and tri-chlorophenols to lux marked terrestrial bacteria, burkholderia species rasc c2 and pseudomonas fluorescens.	burkholderia species rasc and pseudomonas fluorescens were marked with lux genes, encoding for bioluminescence and used to assess the toxicity of mono-, di- and tri-chlorophenols by determining the decline in bioluminescence following exposure to the compounds in aqueous solution. toxicity was expressed as a 50% effective concentration value (ec50, equating to the concentration of compound which caused a 50% decline in bioluminescence. comparing the toxicity values of the compounds showed that, ...	2001	11297395
toxicity evaluation of metal plating wastewater employing the microtox assay: a comparison with cladocerans and fish.	the relative sensitivity of the microtox assay is closely related to the type of toxicant, and hence its utility in biomonitoring effluents is better evaluated on a case-by-case basis. the microtox assay, employing the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri, was evaluated for its applicability in monitoring metal plating wastewater for toxicity. the results of the microtox assay after 5, 15, and 30 min of exposure, were compared with data obtained from conventional whole effluent toxicity testing (wet ...	2001	11339713
effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate exposure on reproductive output and bioindicators of environmental estrogen exposure in fathead minnows pimephales promelas.	nonylphenol ethoxylates (npeos) were evaluated in the laboratory for potential effects on the reproductive physiology and fecundity of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). groups of three adult male and three female fathead minnows were exposed in a continuous flow-through system to 0, 0.21, 0.65, 2.1, or 7.9 microg npeo/l for 42 d. rabbit anti-goldfish vitellogenin (vtg) antiserum was prepared and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was adapted for measurement of plasma vt ...	2001	11349851
ddt: effect of continuous exposure on atpase activity in fish, pimephales promelas.	fat head minnows, 45-days old, were continuously exposed to ddt using continuous water flow and constant temperature conditions. exposures were to 0.5 and 2.0 ppb of ddt in water, and combinations of the two concentrations with 50 ppm in food, and 50 ppm in food alone, using c1 4-ddt in food. brain homogenates were analyzed for enzyme activity from fish treated for 56, 118, 225, and 266 days; and gill analysis was made at 225 and 226 days exposure. enzyme reductions were greatest in oligomycin-s ...	2001	125561
toxicity of benzotriazole and benzotriazole derivatives to three aquatic species.	benzotriazole and its derivatives comprise an important class of corrosion inhibitors, typically used as trace additives in industrial chemical mixtures such as coolants, deicers, surface coatings, cutting fluids, and hydraulic fluids. recent studies have shown that benzotriazole derivatives are a major component of aircraft deicing fluids (adfs) responsible for toxicity to bacteria (microtox). our current research compared the toxicity of benzotriazole (bt), two methylbenzotriazole (mebt) isome ...	2001	11229011
strike feeding behavior in the muskellunge, esox masquinongy: contributions of the lateral line and visual sensory systems.	the muskellunge, esox masquinongy, is a predatory esocid fish with well-developed visual and lateral line systems. the purpose of this study was to determine the relative roles of these two sensory modalities in organizing the strike behavior of the animal. subadult muskellunge were videotaped in a test arena while feeding on fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). animals were tested under five conditions: (i) control animals in which the visual and lateral line systems were intact; (ii) animals ...	2001	11222136
vitellogenin induction by 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in male zebrafish (danio rerio).	adult male zebrafish (danio rerio) were exposed to 17beta-estradiol (e2) or 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (ee2) in flow-through systems for 8 days. this was done to compare the sensitivity of the estrogen inducible vitellogenin (vtg) biomarker system of this proposed oecd test guideline species to other relevant test species. vtg was quantified in whole body homogenate by a species-specific elisa. actual water concentrations of e2 and ee2 were quantified by lc-ms, with detection limits of 1.0 and 0.6 ...	2002	11976068
aquatic toxicity evaluation of para-methylstyrene.	the aquatic toxicity of para-methylstyrene was evaluated in acute toxicity studies using fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), daphnids (daphnia magna), and freshwater green algae (selenastrum capricornutum). static tests were performed in sealed containers with no headspace to minimize loss of this volatile compound to the atmosphere. concentrations of para-methylstyrene in test solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a purge and trap module and flame ionization detection. ...	2002	12485589
a framework for prioritizing fragrance materials for aquatic risk assessment.	more than 2,100 chemically defined organic chemicals are listed in the research institute of fragrance materials/flavor and extract manufacturers' association (rifm/fema) database that are used as ingredients of fragrances for consumer products. an approach was developed for prioritizing these fragrance materials for aquatic risk assessment by first estimating the predicted environmental concentration (pec) of these fragrance materials in the aquatic environment based upon their physicochemical ...	2002	12069318
a comparison of sensitivity of spirotox biotest with standard toxicity tests.	the spirotox test utilizes a large ciliate protozoan, spirostomum ambiguum, as a bioindicator. two kinds of test responses were observed after 24 and 48 h of incubation: different deformations and lethal response. the toxicity of 78 organic compounds evaluated by the spirotox-volatile procedure varied over six orders of a magnitude from -log (24-h lc(50)) = -3.0 (methanol) to 3.0 (pentachlorophenol). deformations of the s. ambiguum were two to three times more sensitive toxic response than letha ...	2002	11994778
hazard assessment of resmethrin: i. effects and fate in aquatic systems.	a comparative aquatic hazard assessment of resmethrin was conducted to investigate the need for its restricted use classification by the us. epa as an adult mosquito control agent. this paper describes the environmental fate and aquatic toxicity of resmethrin. the following paper compares resmethrin to the alternative insecticides. environmental fate studies indicate that resmethrin has a short photolytic half-life in water (<1 h). furthermore, it is immobile in soil and biodegradable (half-life ...	2002	11990766
assessment of toxicity reduction in wastewater effluent flowing through a treatment wetland using pimephales promelas, ceriodaphnia dubia, and vibrio fischeri.	effluent toxicity is regularly assessed with ceriodaphnia dubia short-term chronic and vibrio fischeri toxicity tests. condition factor and hemotocrit of fish have recently been used to assess fish health following exposure to xenoestrogens in complex municipal effluents. to assess the ability of a treatment wetland to reduce or remove toxicity of a municipal effluent, we compared c. dubia and v. fischeri bioassays to pimephales promelas responses in situ. final whole effluent was diverted to a ...	2002	11706362
toxicity of uranium mine receiving waters to early life stage fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) in the laboratory.	elevated concentrations of arsenic, nickel, and molybdenum in aquatic systems around northern saskatchewan uranium mines are an environmental concern. early life stage fathead minnows were used to assess toxicity from several aquatic systems near the key lake and rabbit lake uranium operations. hatching success of fish embryos exposed to waters receiving contaminants associated with uranium ore milling was reduced by 32-61% relative to controls. mortality differed in two lakes receiving mill eff ...	2002	11806452
a new bacilliform fathead minnow rhabdovirus that produces syncytia in tissue culture.	a pathogenic bacilliform virus 130-180 nm in length and 31-47 nm in diameter was isolated from moribund fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) exhibiting hemorrhages in their eyes and skin. a cytopathic effect of multifocal syncytia was observed in the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line after a 48 h incubation at 20 degrees c. a similar cytopathic effect was also observed in other cell lines tested, but not in bluegill fry, koi fin, or chinook salmon embryo cells. the filterable agent was in ...	2002	12021863
aquatic toxicity of triclosan.	the aquatic toxicity of triclosan (tcs), a chlorinated biphenyl ether used as an antimicrobial in consumer products, was studied with activated-sludge microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish. triclosan, a compound used for inhibiting microbial growth, was not toxic to wastewater microorganisms at concentrations less than aqueous solubility. the 48-h daphnia magna median effective concentration (ec50) was 390 microg/l and the 96-h median lethal concentration values for pimephales promelas ...	2002	12109732
the effects of noise on the auditory sensitivity of the bluegill sunfish, lepomis macrochirus.	as concerns about the effects of underwater anthropogenic noises on the auditory function of organisms increases, it is imperative to assess if all organisms are equally affected by the same noise source. consequently, auditory capabilities of an organism need to be evaluated and compared interspecifically. teleost fishes provide excellent models to examine these issues due to their diversity of hearing capabilities. broadly, fishes can be categorized as hearing specialists (broad hearing freque ...	2002	12160871
first record of neoergasilus japonicus (poecilostomatoida: ergasilidae), a parasitic copepod new to the laurentian great lakes.	the parasitic copepod neoergasilus japonicus, native to eastern asia, was first collected from 4 species of fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; pumpkinseed sunfish, lepomis gibbosus; and yellow perch, perca flavescens) in july 1994 in saginaw bay, lake huron, michigan. further sampling in the bay in 2001 revealed infections on 7 additional species (bluegill, lepomis macrochirus; carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; goldfish, ...	2002	12197110
causes of ambient toxicity in the calleguas creek watershed of southern california.	a combination of toxicity tests, chemical analyses, and toxicity identification evaluations (ties) were used to investigate receiving water toxicity in the calleguas creek watershed of southern california. studies were conducted from 1995 through 1999 at various sites to investigate causes of temporal variability of toxicity throughout this system. causes of receiving water toxicity varied by site and species tested. investigations in the lower watershed (revolon slough, santa clara drain, beard ...	2002	12229919
ecological effects of an anionic c12-15 ae-3s alkylethoxysulfate surfactant in outdoor stream mesocosms.	the ecological assessment of a c12-15 ae-3s linear alkylethoxysulfate (aes) anionic surfactant to invertebrates, fish, periphyton, and an aquatic macrophyte was conducted in a 30-d outdoor stream mesocosm study with five replicated concentrations and controls. alkylethoxysulfate structural integrity and exposure concentrations were maintained during the 30-d treatment period, with average measured concentrations of 0.7, 1.27, 2.2, 4.31, and 10.18 mg/l. no effects were observed on the aquatic mac ...	2002	12463574
effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.	trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid that is extensively used in the united states as a growth promoter in beef cattle. the acetate is administered to livestock via slow-release implants; some is converted by the animal to 17-beta-trenbolone, a relatively potent androgen receptor agonist in mammalian systems. recent studies indicate that excreted 17-beta-trenbolone is comparatively stable in animal waste, suggesting the potential for exposure to aquatic animals via direct discharge, runoff, ...	2003	12785594
comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent.	it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemicals discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wildlife groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ...	2003	12946619
comparison of elisas for detecting vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas).	measurement of vitellogenin (vtg) concentrations in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) is currently being considered and evaluated for screening of endocrine active substances. one of the proposed methods, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on vtg from carp (cyprinus carpio), was recently evaluated in an inter-laboratory ring test using whole body homogenates from juvenile fathead minnows. the objective of the current study was to compare the performance of three different ...	2003	12600685
modifications to the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) chronic test method to remove mortality due to pathogenic organisms.	whole effluent toxicity testing is used to evaluate the discharge of materials that may be harmful to indigenous aquatic life. unlike most environmental analyses, receiving water (the water body into which the effluent is discharged) often is used as dilution water in whole effluent toxicity tests to simulate the aquatic environment into which the effluent is introduced. in approximately 26% of whole effluent toxicity tests conducted by wisconsin (usa) certified labs between 1988 and 1998, a pat ...	2003	14552005
cloning and gene expression of p450 17alpha-hydroxylase,17,20-lyase cdna in the gonads and brain of the fathead minnow pimephales promelas.	p450 17alpha-hydroxylase,17,20-lyase (p450c17) is a key steroidogenic enzyme in the production of androgens and, therefore, is also indispensable for the production of oestrogens (that are produced from the aromatisation of androgens). in this study, p450c17 cdna was cloned from the ovary of the fathead minnow (fhm) and its gene expression was examined in the gonads and brains of male and female fhm at different stages of gonadal development with a view to developing an understanding of its invo ...	2003	12606268
derivation of aquatic screening benchmarks for 1,2-dibromoethane.	ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane or edb) was primarily used in the united states as an additive in leaded gasoline and as a soil and grain fumigant for worm and insect control until it was banned in 1983. historical releases of edb have resulted in detectable edb in groundwater and drinking wells, and recently concentrations up to 16 microg/l were detected in ground water at two fuel spill plumes in the vicinity of the massachusetts military reservation base on cape cod, massachusetts. beca ...	2003	12948174
waterborne and sediment toxicity of fluoxetine to select organisms.	ecological risk assessments of pharmaceuticals are currently difficult because little-to-no aquatic hazard and exposure information exists in the peer-reviewed literature for most therapeutics. recently several studies have identified fluoxetine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, in municipal effluents. to evaluate the potential aquatic toxicity of fluoxetine, single species laboratory toxicity tests were performed to assess hazard to aquatic biota. average lc(50) values for ceriodaphnia dubia ...	2003	12729696
toxicity of aqueous and sediment-associated fluoride to freshwater organisms.	inorganic fluorides were declared toxic under the canadian environmental protection act in 1993 based on their potential to cause long-term harmful effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but information on the toxicity of sediment-associated fluoride to freshwater benthic organisms was considered incomplete. the purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of aqueous and sediment-associated fluoride to several species of freshwater organisms and to determine if toxic effects could ...	2003	12503760
cloning and in vitro expression and characterization of the androgen receptor and isolation of estrogen receptor alpha from the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas).	in vitro screening assays designed to identify hormone mimics or antagonists typically use mammalian (rat, human) estrogen (er) and androgen receptors (ar). although we know that the amino acid sequences of steroid receptors in nonmammalian vertebrates are not identical to the mammalian receptors, a great deal of uncertainty exists as to whether these differences affect interactions of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edc) with the receptors. this leads to substantial uncertainty with r ...	2004	15597887
assessment and modeling of the toxicity of organic chemicals to chlorella vulgaris: development of a novel database.	this study reports a database of toxicity values for 91 compounds assessed in a novel, rapid, and economical 15 min algal toxicity test. the toxicity data were measured using the unicellular green alga chlorella vulgaris in an assay that determined the disappearance of fluorescein diacetate. the chemicals tested covered a wide range of physicochemical properties and mechanisms of action. quantitative activity-activity relationships with the toxicity of the chemicals to other species (tetrahymena ...	2004	15089097
small fish models for identifying and assessing the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.	endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs), particularly those that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis of vertebrates, have become a focus of regulatory screening and testing throughout the world. small fish species, principally the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), japanese medaka (oryzias latipes), and zebrafish (danio rerio), are used as model organisms for several of these testing programs. fish are appropriate models for testing edcs, not only from the perspective of existi ...	2004	15454686
comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent.	it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemical discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wild life groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ...	2004	15046010
development of quantitative vitellogenin-elisas for fish test species used in endocrine disruptor screening.	the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (vtg) in plasma has proved to be a simple and sensitive biomarker for assessing exposure of fish to environmental estrogens. within international bodies such as the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) work is ongoing to develop screening and testing programmes for endocrine disrupting effects of new chemicals, and in the focus of this development are the fish test species common carp (cyprinus carpio), fathead minnow (pimephales pr ...	2004	14551668
toxicity of storm-water runoff after dormant spray application in a french prune orchard, glenn county, california, usa: temporal patterns and the effect of ground covers.	organophosphorous (op) insecticides, especially diazinon, have been detected routinely in surface waters of the sacramento and san joaquin river watersheds, coincident with rainfall events following their application to dormant orchards during the winter months. preventive best management practices (bmp) aim at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. two proposed bmps are: the use of more hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides believed to adsorb strongly to organic matter and ...	2004	15559288
interspecies quantitative structure-activity relationship model for aldehydes: aquatic toxicity.	the present study proposes a generic interspecies quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) model that can be used to predict the acute toxicity of aldehydes to most species of aquatic organisms. the model is based on the flow-through fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) 50% lethal concentration (lc50) data combined with other selected fish acute toxicity data and on the static ciliate (tetrahymena pyriformis) 50% inhibitory growth concentration (igc50) data. the toxicity of schiff-bas ...	2004	14982395
endocrine-disrupting effects of cattle feedlot effluent on an aquatic sentinel species, the fathead minnow.	over the last decade, research has examined the endocrine-disrupting action of various environmental pollutants, including hormones, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants, in sewage treatment plant effluent. responding to the growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (cafos) and the pollutants present in their wastewater (e.g., nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones), the u.s. environmental protection agency developed a new rule that tightens the regulation of cafos. in this study, we collec ...	2004	14998752
evaluation of ecologically relevant bioassays for a lotic system impacted by a coal-mine effluent, using isonychia.	many studies investigating the ecotoxicological impacts of industrial effluents on fresh-water biota utilize standardized test species such as the daphnids, ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, and the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas. such species may not be the most predictive or ecologically relevant gauges of the responses of instream benthic macroinvertebrates to certain stressors, such as total dissolved solids. an indigenous species approach should be adopted, using a sensitive benthic c ...	2004	15195819
toxicity of oil sands to early life stages of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas).	the present study examines the effects of exposure to oil sands on the early life stages (els) of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). sediments within and outside natural oil sand deposits were collected from sites along the athabasca river (ab, canada). the els toxicity tests were conducted with control water, natural oil sands, reference sediments, and oil-refining wastewater pond sediments. eggs and larvae were exposed to 0.05 to 25.0 g sediment/l and observed for mortality, hatching, malf ...	2004	15230323
developmental changes of thyroid hormones in the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas.	the fathead minnow is widely used in ecotoxicological studies and such investigations have begun to focus on potential disruption of the thyroid axis. however, normal levels of thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and their developmental patterns are unknown. to provide these baseline data, radioimmunoassays were developed and validated for analysis of t4 and t3 after extraction from plasma or whole fish. female fish showed consistently higher plasma levels of t4 than male fish. analy ...	2004	15474536
comparative life histories of two diplostomid trematodes, ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum.	a lack of comparative studies limits our understanding of interspecific variation in parasite life histories, especially for species that incorporate asexual and resting stages into their life cycles. ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum are sympatric diplostomid trematodes that share the same first (pond snail, physa gyrina) and second (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas) intermediate hosts within lakes in alberta, canada. interspecific differences in the body sizes o ...	2004	15715233
toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic organisms.	toxicity tests were performed with seven fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and flumequine, on five aquatic organisms. overall toxicity values ranged from 7.9 to 23,000 microg/l. the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa was the most sensitive organism (5-d growth and reproduction, effective concentrations [ec50s] ranging from 7.9 to 1,960 microg/l and a median of 49 microg/l), followed by duckweed (lemna minor, 7-d rep ...	2005	15720004
effects of ammonium perchlorate on thyroid function in developing fathead minnows, pimephales promelas.	perchlorate is a known environmental contaminant, largely due to widespread military use as a propellant. perchlorate acts pharmacologically as a competitive inhibitor of thyroidal iodide uptake in mammals, but the impacts of perchlorate contamination in aquatic ecosystems and, in particular, the effects on fish are unclear. our studies aimed to investigate the effects of concentrations of ammonium perchlorate that can occur in the environment (1, 10, and 100 mg/l) on the development of fathead ...	2005	15811828