Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a nevada record for the canada otter. lutra canadensis (schreber). | 1913 | 17810406 | |
| an anomalous muscle in the california river otter. | 1935 | 17810169 | |
| age determination, by use of the baculum, in the river otter, lutra c. canadensis schreber. | 1949 | 18126485 | |
| skrjabingylus lutrae n. sp. (nematoda: metastrongyloidea) from otter (lutra canadensis). | 1972 | 5014062 | |
| locomotory patterns and external morphology of the river otter, sea otter, and harp seal (mammalia). | 1972 | 5055119 | |
| observations on the anatomy of the respiratory system of the river otter, sea otter, and harp seal. ii. the trachea and bronchial tree. | 1973 | 4694944 | |
| observations on the anatomy of the respiratory system of the river otter, sea otter, and harp seal. i. the topography, weight, and measurements of the lungs. | 1973 | 4694943 | |
| dracunculus lutrae n. sp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea) from the otter, lutra canadensis, in ontario, canada. | 1973 | 4267506 | |
| latagophthirus rauschi, new genus and new species (anoplura: echinophthiriidae) from the river otter (carnivora: mustelidae). | 1974 | 4420686 | |
| ixodes uriae (acari: ixodidae) from a river otter. | 1977 | 845891 | |
| mutagenicity of fecal extracts from carnivorous and herbivorous animals. | extracts of the feces of 3 carnivorous animals (dog, river otter and sea gull) and 5 herbivorous animals (cow, horse, sheep, chicken and goose) induced chromosome aberrations (breaks and exchanges) in cultured cho cells. the addition of cuii (10(-4)m) enhanced the clastogenic effect of fecal extracts of the examined animals with the exceptiion of 1 dog and 3 cow samples. catalase reduced the chromosome-breaking and mitosis-inhibiting capacities of fecal extracts. these results indicate the prese ... | 1980 | 7190222 |
| proliferative pleuritis associated with bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp asaccharolyticus infection in a river otter. | 1983 | 6139360 | |
| heavy metal concentrations in tissues of virginia river otters. | 1983 | 6850135 | |
| inanition following implantation of a radiotelemetry device in a river otter. | 1984 | 6511608 | |
| clinical evaluation of american river otters in a reintroduction study. | ten american river otters (lutra canadensis) were evaluated clinically before release into oklahoma waterways. otters were immobilized for physical, radiographic, and electrocardiographic examinations and for collection of blood samples. hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, urinalyses, parasitologic examinations, surgical omental biopsies, and necropsy findings were included. respiratory tract disease, bacterial and parasitic infections, and starvation apparently were contributing causes ... | 1984 | 6511575 |
| surgical implantation of radiotelemetry devices in american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation elected to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing american river otters (lutra canadensis) into oklahoma waterways. intra-abdominal radiotelemetry devices were selected to monitor otter movements following release. for implantation of those devices, the anesthetic regimen included a mixture of ketamine hcl, xylazine, and acepromazine maleate given intramuscularly followed by delivery of isoflurane through precision vaporizers. a ventral midl ... | 1984 | 6511574 |
| electrocardiograms of american river otters (lutra canadensis) during immobilization. | 1985 | 3162040 | |
| serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ... | 1985 | 3001000 |
| clinical evaluation and prerelease management of american river otters in the second year of a reintroduction study. | in the first year (1984) of a reintroduction study, 10 american river otters (lutra canadensis) from louisiana were transported to oklahoma, held for 5 days for clinical evaluation, surgical implantation with intra-abdominal radiotelemetry devices, and then released in oklahoma. four of 10 otters released died within 32 days. clinical evaluation indicated that respiratory tract disease, bacterial and parasitic infections, and inanition may have contributed to the death of these otters. in the se ... | 1985 | 4077627 |
| renal function and fractional clearances of american river otters (lutra canadensis). | the finely lobulated kidneys of american river otters (lutra canadensis) are not visualized on plain abdominal radiographs. similar values for blood urea nitrogen (bun), creatinine, and uric acid were obtained on different analytical systems used in 1984 and 1985. the mean +/- sd for measured plasma osmolalities (309.80 +/- 8.86 mosmol/kg) of otters in 1985 was significantly (p less than 0.01) less than that of calculated serum osmolalities in the same 1985 specimens (321.61 +/- 5.64 mosmol/kg) ... | 1986 | 3503142 |
| ra-226 concentrations in otter, lutra canadensis, trapped near uranium tailings at elliot lake, ontario. | 1987 | 3801690 | |
| oestrus and the vaginal smear cycle of the river otter, lutra canadensis. | vaginal smears of river otters contained specific cellular associations which can be used to monitor their reproductive cycle. the anoestrous period was identified by the presence of large intermediate epithelial cells while the onset of pro-oestrus was gradual and the duration difficult to determine. oestrus was indicated by an influx of nucleated and non-nucleated cornified cells which continue after mating. the metoestrous smear was characterized by large quantities of leucocytes and mucus. | 1988 | 3411554 |
| levels of lead, cadmium and other elements in mink and otter from ontario, canada. | concentrations of pb, cd, cu, ni, fe, zn, mn, ca, p, mg and s were measured in tissues of mink (mustela vision) and river otter (lutra canadensis) from five areas of ontario, canada. bone pb levels in both species were lowest in animals from the collection site most remote from industrial activity and atmospheric deposition of pollutants. mean liver and kidney cd levels were also different between collection sites and may reflect natural and/or anthropogenic sources. copper levels in liver, but ... | 1988 | 15092606 |
| dirofilaria immitis in a river otter (lutra canadensis) from louisiana. | a single adult male river otter (lutra canadensis) from louisiana was found naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis. one adult male nematode was found in the heart; lesions attributable to the presence of the parasite were not found. this is the first report of d. immitis in the river otter in north america. | 1989 | 2810565 |
| cause-effect linkages between chemicals and populations of mink (mustela vison) and otter (lutra canadensis) in the great lakes basin. | following outbreaks of reproductive failure in commercial ranching operations, laboratory experiments showed that mink are extremely sensitive to organochlorine chemicals, particularly pcbs and dioxins. the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that, since wild mink are exposed to these compounds through consumption of great lakes fish, they might exhibit reproductive dysfunction and population declines. the otter, another piscivorous animal, should show the same effects. the available ... | 1991 | 1908526 |
| ectoparasites from river otters in pennsylvania. | twenty-three livetrapped and two trapper-caught river otters (lutra canadensis) from northeastern pennsylvania (usa) were examined for ectoparasites immediately after their captures during 1981 to 1985. ectoparasites were collected from both trapper-caught otters, but from only one livetrapped otter. one species of tick (ixodes cookei) and one flea (oropsylla arctomys) were collected. | 1992 | 1548794 |
| differences in blood haptoglobin and length-mass relationships in river otters (lutra canadensis) from oiled and nonoiled areas of prince william sound, alaska. | significant differences in levels of blood haptoglobin occurred between river otters (lutra canadensis) inhabiting oiled (mean = 361 mg/100 ml, sd = 38, n = 6) and nonoiled (mean = 306 mg/100 ml, sd = 87, n = 8) areas of prince william sound, alaska (usa) following the exxon valdez oil spill in 1989. additionally, male river otters from oiled areas had significantly lower body mass (1.13 kg) than male otters from nonoiled areas. we propose oil-related causes for these differences. | 1993 | 8487390 |
| sublethal concentrations of mercury in river otters: monitoring environmental contamination. | hair, muscle, and liver mercury concentrations were determined in river otter (lutra canadensis) carcasses collected from the lower coastal plain and piedmont of georgia. mean muscle and hair mercury concentrations were greater (p < 0.001) in otters from the lower coastal plain (4.42 and 24.25 mg/kg wet wt, respectively) compared to otters from the piedmont (1.48 and 15.24 mg/kg, respectively). liver tissue from lower coastal plain otters averaged 7.53 mg/kg mercury. mean fetus brain and muscle ... | 1994 | 7944553 |
| evidence for recovery of body mass and haptoglobin values of river otters following the exxon valdez oil spill. | levels of blood haptoglobin (hp) and interleukin-6 immunoreactive protein (il-6 ir) were significantly elevated in river otters (lutra canadensis) inhabiting oiled areas of prince william sound, alaska (usa) following the exxon valdez oil spill in 1989. by may and june 1992, however, such differences were not apparent. mean body mass of otters, adjusted for sex, age-class, and total length with analysis of covariance, differed between oiled and non-oiled areas from 1990 to 1992, but were nearly ... | 1994 | 7933287 |
| responses of beaver (castor canadensis kuhl) to predator chemicals. | free-ranging beaver (castor canadensis) in two different beaver populations in new york state were exposed to predator chemicals to test feeding inhibition. solvent extracts of feces were applied to stem sections of aspen, the preferred food tree of beavers, permitting smelling and tasting the samples. predator odors were from wolf (canis lupus), coyote (canis latrans), dog (canis familiaris), black bear (ursus americanus), river otter (lutra canadensis), lynx (lynx canadensis), and african lion ... | 1995 | 24234632 |
| phylogenetic position of the japanese river otter lutra nippon inferred from the nucleotide sequence of 224 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | a 224 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene has been amplified from a 30-year-old mummy-like specimen of the japanese river otter lutra nippon by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the amplified products were subcloned in the smal site of puc 18 and sequenced. the sequence was different from those of the congeneric eurasian otters lutra lutra (latvia) and lutra lutra (china) in 7-9 nucleotides, all of which were located at the third position of a codon and identified as transitional d ... | 1996 | 8940916 |
| differences in faecal profiles of porphyrins among river otters exposed to the exxon valdez oil spill. | abstract river otters (lutra canadensis) living in marine environments of prince william sound, alaska, exposed to crude oil from the exxon valdez spill in march 1989, showed significantly elevated levels of faecal porphyrin over those of otters from non-oiled areas (oiled mean = 48.2, andnon-oiled mean = 34.5 nmol g(-1) dry faeces). profiles of uro-, hepta-, hexa-, penta-, copro-, andprotoporphyrin profiles were qualitatively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. these findin ... | 1996 | 23888993 |
| tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in north american river otters (lutra canadensis) and its partial antagonism with flumazenil. | north american river otters (lutra canadensis) were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam or tiletamine-zolazepam-flumazenil combinations in cooperation with the north carolina wildlife resources commission otter restoration project for evaluation of physiologic changes during anesthesia. sixteen otters received tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg combined, i.m.) in 1994. induction and recovery times were recorded and physiologic data (heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, rela ... | 1997 | 9523636 |
| postanesthetic monitoring of core body temperature using telemetry in north american river otters (lutra canadensis). | remote thermal telemetry was performed on north american river otters (lutra canadensis) during the 1995 north carolina wildlife resources commission otter restoration project. otters were anesthetized with either ketamine-midazolam (n = 11) or tiletamine-zolazepam (n = 9) combinations. based upon initial rectal temperatures, mild to moderate hyperthermia (39.4-40.5 degrees c) developed in five otters given ketamine-midazolam and three otters given tiletamine-zolazepam. following anesthetic indu ... | 1997 | 9523635 |
| the impact of water temperature on core body temperature of north american river otters (lutra canadensis) during simulated oil spill recovery washing protocols. | ten north american river otters (lutra canadensis) were anesthetized with telazol and instrumented with ingestable radiotelemetry temperature sensors for measuring core body temperature. the otters were then subjected to a washing protocol to simulate rehabilitation following an oil spill contamination. this protocol consisted of a 30-min wash in a 1:16 dilution of dishwashing liquid using either cold (24 degrees c) water or water near baseline core body temperature (38.4 degrees c), followed by ... | 1997 | 9523634 |
| what is your diagnosis? a river otter with anemia. | 1997 | 12658606 | |
| intestinal helminths of river otters (lutra canadensis) from the pacific northwest. | the intestinal helminth fauna of river otters, lutra canadensis, from the pacific northwest was characterized by low species richness and intensity of infection. river otters from the lower columbia river (n = 23) were infected with 9 species of helminths (83% prevalence); those from a relatively undisturbed reference area near the headwaters of the trask and wilson rivers on the oregon coast (n = 6) were infected by 5 species of helminths (100% prevalence). single species of eucestoda (schistoc ... | 1997 | 9057704 |
| gastrointestinal helminths in the river otter (lutra canadensis) in tennessee. | the first records of 3 helminth parasites from otters, lutra canadensis, collected in tennessee are reported. digestive tracts of 91 river otters collected from 1983 to 1993 were examined for helminth parasites. thirty otters were infected with baschkirovitrema incrassatum, 5 otters were infected with acanthocephalus sp., and 1 otter was infected with 2 strongyloides lutrae. no significant differences in prevalence, mean abundance, or mean intensity of b. incrassatum occurred between counties or ... | 1997 | 9057716 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasmosis in river otters. | the prevalence of antibody titers to toxoplasma gondii in river otters (lutra canadensis) from eastern north carolina (usa) was investigated in a cross sectional study. sera from 103 live trapped river otters were tested for antibodies to t. gondii using a commercially available latex agglutination kit. forty-six (45%) of the sera were positive with titers ranging from 1:16 to > 1:2,048. adult otters (n = 78) had a seroprevalence of 47% and juvenile otters (n = 25) had a seroprevalence of 39%. s ... | 1997 | 9249717 |
| [domestication as a possible mode of biodiversity conservation (as exemplified by the river otter lutra lutra l., 1758)]. | on an experimental basis in the institute of cytology and genetics siberian division, russian academy of sciences, a cage population of river otter (lutra lutra) was formed. during the introduction period of captivity, as the selection for stress resistance in an anthropogenic environment is shown to be a crucial factor. through the course of domesticating river otters, directional selection occurs due to the increase in the number of individual otters and to the absence of fear-induced response ... | 1997 | 9378310 |
| regional health assessment relating to mercury content of fish caught in the yukon-kuskokwim delta rivers system. | seven species of fish were surveyed for muscle tissue mercury content across a broad area of western alaska. total mercury levels were determined by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy in 66 fish sampled during 1997. methylmercury in sampled fish amounted to 97 to 100% of total mercury values. using mercury consumption risk levels derived from u.s. environmental protection agency hazard assessment models, mean total mercury was determined to be above the human critical value of 0.2 g/g ( ... | 1998 | 10202403 |
| heavy and trace metals in wild mink (mustela vison) and river otter (lontra canadensis) captured on rivers receiving metals discharges. | 1998 | 9841719 | |
| an examination of spatial variation in mercury concentrations in otter (lutra canadensis) in south-central ontario. | hair samples were collected from otter (lutra canadensis) trapped in several parts of south-central ontario, canada. the concentrations of total hg in hair were compared with methyl mercury concentrations in liver tissues from the same individuals to determine if hair is a suitable monitoring tissue. hg in the two tissues was significantly correlated. hair was used to monitor hg in 51 individuals from four townships. the concentrations of total hg in hair ranged from 4 to 20 micrograms/g. no sig ... | 1998 | 9652129 |
| energy metabolism of underwater swimming in river-otters (lutra lutra l.). | we used a still-water swim channel in conjunction with open-flow oxygen and carbon dioxide respirometry to examine the energy requirements of river-otters (lutra lutra l.) swimming voluntarily underwater in neumünster zoo (germany). while at rest on land (5 degrees c), river-otters had a respiratory quotient of 0.77 and a resting metabolic rate of 4.1 w kg-1. this increased to an estimated 6.4 w kg-1 during rest in water (11-15 degrees c) and to 12.3 w kg-1 when the animals were feeding in the c ... | 1998 | 9542149 |
| pulmonary silicosis in three north american river otters (lutra canadensis). | three adult female north american river otters (lutra canadensis) demonstrated severe anesthetic complications shortly after being immobilized for dental procedures. two of the animals died shortly after anesthesia, and the third otter died 2 mo after immobilization. all three animals were diagnosed with pulmonary silicosis on the basis of histopathology, polarized light microscopy, and mass spectrometry. one animal also had primary pulmonary bronchoalveolar carcinoma. significant concurrent dis ... | 1999 | 10749447 |
| technique of mandibular salivary gland biopsy in river otters (lutra canadensis). | a franklin-silverman biopsy needle was used to obtain 2-5- x 1-2-mm mandibular salivary gland tissue samples percutaneously from nine north american river otters (lutra canadensis). the samples were suitable for fluorescent antibody or polymerase chain reaction rabies testing. ninety-two percent (11/12) of the biopsy procedures yielded histologically confirmed salivary gland tissue, and the remaining biopsy yielded adipose tissue. no complications were noted after 5-21 days. | 1999 | 10484141 |
| exertional myopathy in translocated river otters from new york. | lesions consistent with exertional myopathy (em) were documented postmortem in four north american river otters (lutra canadensis) during translocation for a population restoration project. clinical signs in these otters included depression, anorexia and shock. gross lesions in one otter included locally extensive linear, pale areas within the subscapularis, rectus abdominis, quadriceps, and dorsal laryngeal muscles. microscopic lesions were characterized by acute to subacute myofiber necrosis o ... | 1999 | 10479089 |
| butyltin compounds in river otters (lutra canadensis) from the northwestern united states. | butyltin compounds, including mono-, di-, and tributyltin (mbt, dbt, and tbt) were measured in livers of 40 adult river otters (lutra canadensis) collected from rivers and coastal bays in washington and oregon, usa. butyltins were found in all the river otters, at a concentration range of 8.5-2,610 ng/g, ww. the greatest concentration of total butyltins of 2,610 ng/g, ww, was found in a river otter collected in puget sound from fort ward, washington. river otters collected near areas with major ... | 1999 | 10227866 |
| reproductive and morphological condition of wild mink (mustela vison) and river otters (lutra canadensis) in relation to chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination. | we assessed chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of mink and river otters on the columbia and fraser river systems of northwestern north america, in relation to morphological measures of condition. we obtained carcasses of mink and river otters from commercial trappers during the winters 1994-1995 and 1995-1996. necropsies included evaluation of the following biological parameters: sex, body mass and length, age, thymus, heart, liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, kidney, gonad, omentum, adrenal glan ... | 1999 | 9924010 |
| hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were obtained from 155 north american river otters (lontra canadensis; 94 adult males, 38 adult females, 10 juvenile males, and 13 juvenile females) to establish baseline hematology and from 50 adult river otters (40 males and 10 females) for baseline serum biochemistry parameters for the species. the otters were livetrapped from eastern north carolina (usa) during a 4-yr period. data for 14 routine hematologic parameters and 22 serum chemistry assays showed significant differences ... | 2000 | 11428394 |
| infectious and parasitic diseases and contaminant-related problems of north american river otters (lontra canadensis): a review. | the aquatic north american river otter (lontra canadensis), a charismatic nonendangered mustelid, presently occupies a greatly reduced range. the species is common in zoos and has economic value as a furbearer. at least 17 states and one canadian province have undertaken recent reintroduction programs. nevertheless, little has been published on nonparasitic diseases of river otters, and little is known of the clinical significance of most of their parasitic infections. records of environmental c ... | 2000 | 11428392 |
| ingestion of crude oil: effects on digesta retention times and nutrient uptake in captive river otters. | studies following the exxon valdez oil spill in prince william sound, alaska indicated that river otters (lontra canadensis) from oiled regions displayed symptoms of degraded health, including reduced body weight. we examined the fate of ingested oil in the digestive tract and its effects on gut function in captive river otters. fifteen wild-caught males were assigned to three groups, two of which were given weathered crude oil in food (i.e., control, 5 ppm day(-1), and 50 ppm day(-1)) under con ... | 2000 | 11083525 |
| distribution of inorganic and methylmercury among tissues in mink (mustela vison) and otter (lutra canadensis). | total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were measured in brain, kidney, liver, and fur from several mink and otter collected in south-central ontario. there was a large range in concentrations of both total and methylmercury. the percentage of the total mercury present as methylmercury varied among the various tissues; however, the percentage mercury found as the methyl form was relatively constant within a given tissue for all tissues in mink but highly variable in otter. for both specie ... | 2000 | 11068926 |
| comparison of spectrofluorometric and hplc methods for the characterization of fecal porphyrins in river otters. | a spectrofluorometric method (b. grandchamp et al., 1980, biochem. biophys. acta 629, 577-586) developed for the determination of amounts of uroporphyrin i (uro i), coproporphyrin iii (copro iii), and protoporphyrin ix (proto ix) in skin fibroblasts was compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for the analysis of porphyrins in fecal samples of river otters (lutra canadensis). heptacarboxylate porphyrin i and coproporphyrin i, two porphyrins determined to be critical i ... | 2000 | 10991782 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| clinical anatomy of the north american river otter (lontra canadensis). | published anatomic studies of north american river otters (lontra canadensis) include only comparative reviews of single anatomic systems, but this paper includes multiple clinically relevant anatomic features. both captive and free-ranging north american river otters were studied by gross dissection of nine specimens, radiography of 18 live otters, and physical examination of 170 otters. body fat in north american river otters is stored primarily subcutaneously at the base of the tail and in th ... | 2000 | 11428393 |
| pcbs and their putative effects on polecat (mustela putorius) populations in central europe. | in europe polecat populations are declining for unknown reasons during the last decades. data on the river otter, another mustelid predator, indicate that pcb levels are high enough in some populations to interfere with the reproduction of this aquatic species. since the diet of the polecats consists to a large amount of aquatic prey (amphibians) it appears reasonable to assume that pcbs ingested with the prey are a factor in the decline of polecats. to test this assumption pcb residues in amphi ... | 2001 | 11161692 |
| hematological and biochemical reference intervals for wild caught eurasian otter from spain. | hematologic and serum chemistry reference intervals were determined from 33 wild caught eurasian otters (lutra lutra lutra) between november 1995 and may 1998 during a reintroduction project. blood was obtained by jugular venipuncture after administration of ketamine and medetomidine. the mean, standard deviation, and range for 19 hematology parameters and 28 serum chemistry values are presented. there were no significant differences between sexes in most analytes. the results are in agreement w ... | 2001 | 11272491 |
| for whales and seals the ocean is not blue: a visual pigment loss in marine mammals. | most terrestrial mammals have colour vision based on two spectrally different visual pigments located in two types of retinal cone photoreceptors, i.e. they are cone dichromats with long-to-middle-wave-sensitive (commonly green) l-cones and short-wave-sensitive (commonly blue) s-cones. with visual pigment-specific antibodies, we here demonstrate an absence of s-cones in the retinae of all whales and seals studied. the sample includes seven species of toothed whales (odontoceti) and five species ... | 2001 | 11328346 |
| isolation of pathogenic yersiniae from wild animals in bulgaria. | pathogenic yersinia strains were isolated between december 1998 and april 1999 from 37 wild animals: rabbit (lepus europeus), boar (sus scrofa scrofa), asiatic jackal (canis aureus), red fox (vulpes vulpes), mouflon (ovis musimon), european river otter (lutra lutra), beech marten (martes foina), polecat (musleta putorius) and wild cat (felis silvestris). it was established that among the wild animals y. enterocolitica strains of serotype 0:3 predominated, accompanied by y. pseudotuberculosis str ... | 2001 | 11393816 |
| polymerized bovine hemoglobin (oxyglobin solution) administration in two river otters (lutra canadensis). | polymerized bovine hemoglobin (oxyglobin solution(®)) was successfully administered to two river otters (lutra canadensis) that required general anesthesia and surgery for trap-related injuries. in both animals, blood oxygen content was maintained at presurgical levels despite a 47-70% decrease in their hematocrit. otter 1 received a dose of 19 ml kg(-1), given at a rate of 29 ml kg(-1) h(-1). otter 2 received a dose of 20 ml kg(-1), given at a rate of 5 ml kg(-1) h(-1). for many of the uncommon ... | 2001 | 28404257 |
| natural exposure of coastal river otters to mercury: relation to age, diet, and survival. | we evaluated effects of location (i.e., jackpot bay, a naturally contaminated site, and herring bay, reference site), diet as determined by stable isotopes, and age on mercury concentrations in individual river otters (lontra canadensis) from prince william sound, alaska, usa. we also investigated the effects of mercury accumulation on survival of river otters from these two locations. our results indicated that mercury concentrations in fishes from jackpot bay were significantly higher than tho ... | 2001 | 11521825 |
| biomarker responses in river otters experimentally exposed to oil contamination. | investigations in prince william sound (alaska, usa) following the exxon valdez oil spill (evos) revealed that river otters (lontra canadensis) on oiled shores had lower body mass and elevated values of biomarkers, than did otters living on nonoiled shores. in addition, otters from oiled areas selected different habitats, had larger home ranges, and less diverse diets than animals living in nonoiled areas. these differences between river otters from oiled shores and those from nonoiled areas str ... | 2001 | 11504223 |
| response of river otters to experimental exposure of weathered crude oil: fecal porphyrin profiles. | profiles of porphyrins were characterized in fecal samples from river otters (lontra canadensis) experimentally exposed to weathered crude oil to determine effects on heme synthesis. fifteen male river otters were randomly assigned to three groups of five individuals each representing a control group, a low-dosage group that received 5 mg/kg body mass of oil per day, and a high-dosage group that received 50 mg/kg body mass of oil per day. mean levels of coproporphyrin iii (coproiii) and protopor ... | 2001 | 11349287 |
| induction of cytochrome p450 1a1 expression in captive river otters fed prudhoe bay crude oil: evaluation by immunohistochemistry and quantitative rt-pcr. | numerous studies have explored the relationships between exposure to a variety of environmental contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and induction of cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) in different vertebrates. few controlled studies, however, simulated chronic long-term exposure with repeated non-lethal sampling of the same individuals, which should better represent repeated exposure incidents in animals inhabiting polluted areas. in this study, we investigated the effects of chronic ... | 2001 | 23886277 |
| spatial variation in mercury concentrations in wild mink and river otter carcasses from the james bay territory, québec, canada. | mercury concentrations were analyzed in different organs/tissues of wild minks (mustela vison) and river otters (lutra canadensis) trapped during two seasons in the james bay territory (49 degrees n to 55 degrees n, québec, canada). in 1993-94, mean total hg concentration (microg/g, wet weight) in 39 wild mink and 12 river otter carcasses was greatest in fur/hair samples (30.1 and 20.7 microg/g, respectively) and least in brain samples (0.96 and 0.8 microg/g, respectively) with liver, kidney, an ... | 2001 | 11116347 |
| surgical technique for intra-abdominal radiotransmitter placement in north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | twenty-two free-ranging north american river otters (lontra canadensis) from northern and eastern new york were captured and surgically implanted with radiotransmitters as part of a relocation project. the surgical technique involved an incision in the paralumbar fossa and transection through the abdominal musculature to introduce a radiotransmitter into the abdominal cavity. two complications were encountered. excessive hemorrhage occurred during one procedure. the otter was treated for blood l ... | 2001 | 12790421 |
| perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in mink and river otters from the united states. | mink and otters are good integrators of their aquatic environments and useful sentinel species for determining exposure to environmental contaminants. in this study, perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos; c8f17so3-), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (fosa; c8f17so2nh2), perfluorohexanesulfonate (pfhxs; c6f13so3-), and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa; c7f15co2-) were measured in livers of mink and river otters collected from various locations in the united states. pfos was found in all mink livers analyzed. frequenc ... | 2002 | 12099451 |
| ra-226 in bone of mink (mustela vison) and otter ( lutra canadensis) taken near u workings at elliot lake, canada, and from reference areas, with calculation of transfer parameters. | 2002 | 12012064 | |
| characteristics of sex-biased dispersal and gene flow in coastal river otters: implications for natural recolonization of extirpated populations. | river otters (lontra canadensis) were extirpated from much of their historic distribution because of exposure to pollution and urbanization, resulting in expansive reintroduction programmes that continue today for this and other species of otters worldwide. bioaccumulation of toxins negatively affects fecundity among mustelids, but high vagility and different dispersal distances between genders may permit otter populations to recover from extirpation caused by localized environmental pollution. ... | 2002 | 11928704 |
| heinz-body hemolytic anemia associated with ingestion of methylene blue in a river otter. | heinz-body hemolytic anemia and nephrosis associated with hemoglobinuria were diagnosed in a north american river otter. fluids were administered, and the signs of renal failure improved immediately. severe anemia developed, and the otter received a semisynthetic hemoglobin product to maintain the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood until a blood transfusion could be given. immediate clinical improvement was observed following hemoglobin administration, and adverse effects were not seen. six d ... | 2002 | 11829270 |
| running energetics of the north american river otter: do short legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? | semi-aquatic mammals move between two very different media (air and water), and are subject to a greater range of physical forces (gravity, buoyancy, drag) than obligate swimmers or runners. this versatility is associated with morphological compromises that often lead to elevated locomotor energetic costs when compared to fully aquatic or terrestrial species. to understand the basis of these differences in energy expenditure, this study examined the interrelationships between limb morphology, co ... | 2002 | 12208295 |
| mortality associated with melarsomine dihydrochloride administration in two north american river otters (lontra canadensis) and a red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens). | two adult north american river otters (lontra canadensis) and an adult red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens) at three separate institutions died within 22 hr after receiving single 2.5- to 2.7-mg/kg doses of melarsomine dihydrochloride administered in the epaxial musculature as a treatment for filarid nematodes. one otter had a suspected dirofilaria immitis infection, the other had a confirmed d. lutrae infection, and the red panda had a confirmed dirofilaria sp. infection, presumably with d. immi ... | 2002 | 12462491 |
| canine distemper virus in river otters in british columbia as an emergent risk for coastal pinnipeds. | 2003 | 12625539 | |
| bilateral uric acid nephrolithiasis and ureteral hypertrophy in a free-ranging river otter (lontra canadensis). | we report the first case of uric acid nephrolithiasis in a free-ranging river otter (lontra canadensis). a 7 yr old male river otter collected from the skagit river of western washington (usa) had bilateral nephrolithiasis and severely enlarged ureters (one of 305 examined [0.33%]). the uroliths were 97% uric acid and 3% protein. microscopic changes in the kidney were confined to expansion of renal calyces, minor loss of medullary tissue, and multifocal atrophy of the cortical tubules. no inflam ... | 2003 | 14733290 |
| metal concentrations in the liver and kidney of aquatic mammals and penguins. | we determined the hepatic and renal concentrations of cd, pb, zn, cu, and fe in (1) marine mammals (three bottle-nosed dolphins, six california sea lions, and one sea otter), (2) freshwater and brackish-water mammals (one oriental short-clawed otter and four european river otters), and (3) sea birds (three rock-hopper penguins, two king penguins, three humboldt penguins, four macaroni penguins, and four magellanic penguins), all of which were kept in a zoo and an aquarium in japan. we investigat ... | 2004 | 14985624 |
| an interspecies comparison of mercury inhibition on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. | mercury (hg) is a ubiquitous pollutant that can disrupt neurochemical signaling pathways in mammals. it is well documented that inorganic hg (hgcl(2)) and methyl hg (mehg) can inhibit the binding of radioligands to the muscarinic acetylcholine (mach) receptor in rat brains. however, little is known concerning this relationship in specific anatomical regions of the brain or in other species, including humans. the purpose of this study was to explore the inhibitory effects of hgcl(2) and mehg on [ ... | 2005 | 15885266 |
| evaluation of injury severity and hematologic and plasma biochemistry values for recently captured north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | as part of a reintroduction program, blood samples from free-ranging, recently captured nearctic river otters (lontra canadensis) in eastern new york state were collected and analyzed to determine baseline hematology and plasma biochemistry values for the source population, and to determine whether these values were significant predictors of trap-injury status. based on physical exam, each otter was classified as uninjured, moderately injured, or severely injured. clinical pathology parameters w ... | 2005 | 17312754 |
| effects of mercury on neurochemical receptors in wild river otters (lontra canadensis). | fish-eating wildlife, such as river otters (lontra canadensis), accumulate mercury (hg) at concentrations known to impair animal behavior, but few studies have explored the underlying biochemical changes that precede clinical neurotoxicity. the objective of this study was to determine if hg exposure can be related to concentrations of neurochemical receptors in river otters. river otter carcasses (n = 66) were collected in ontario and nova scotia (canada) by local trappers in 2002-2004. concentr ... | 2005 | 15952362 |
| mercury levels in mink (mustela vison) and river otter (lontra canadensis) from northeastern north america. | aquatic ecosystems have received mercury released from anthropogenic sources. the northeast region of north america is at especially high risk because of local and regional emission sources, prevailing wind patterns, and certain hydrological and biogeochemical features. here we examine regional variation in total mercury (hg) in brain, liver, and fur from otter and mink collected across new york, new england, and nova scotia. gender and age are examined as factors potentially affecting hg tissue ... | 2005 | 15931971 |
| cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activity in relation to mercury levels in the cerebral cortex of wild river otters. | mercury (hg) is a global pollutant that is neurotoxic to many mammalian species. the present study was conducted to determine if the bioaccumulation of hg by wild river otters (lontra canadensis) could be related to variations in the activities of key neurochemical enzymes. river otters were collected from ontario and nova scotia (canada) during the trapping seasons, spanning 2002-2004, and their brains were dissected into the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. the activities of cholinesterase (che ... | 2007 | 17439924 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the cerebral cortex of wild river otters (lontra canadensis). | we measured the levels of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb), organochlorinated pesticides (ocp), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde) in the cerebral cortex of river otters (lontra canadensis) trapped from ontario and nova scotia between 2002 and 2004. the mean concentration of total pcbs was 70.9+/-12.1 ng/g l.w., and congeners 153, 180 and 138 accounted for nearly 60% of the sum. the mean concentration of total ocps was 21.2+/-3.7 ng/g l.w., and hexachlorobenzene (32.6% of ... | 2007 | 17321655 |
| progressive ataxia in a captive north american river otter (lontra canadensis) associated with brain stem spheroid formation. | progressive ataxia, particularly of the hind limbs, developed in a paretic female juvenile captive north american river otter (lontra canadensis). severe bilaterally symmetrical axonal degeneration in the medulla oblongata (nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus) and multiple scattered spheroids in the region of the pons were detected microscopically. this is the first description of ataxia associated with axonal degeneration in otters. | 2007 | 18229864 |
| the identification of a genetically unique piroplasma in north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | during a routine health check of a wild-caught north american river otter (lontra canadensis) small piroplasms were noted within erythrocytes. analyses of the 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene sequences determined that this was a genetically unique organism most closely related to babesia microti-like parasites found in other small carnivores. subsequently 39 wild-trapped north american river otters from north carolina were tested for the presence of piroplasma deoxyribonucleic acid (dn ... | 2007 | 17214914 |
| does human proximity affect antibody prevalence in marine-foraging river otters (lontra canadensis)? | the investigation of diseases of free-ranging river otters (lontra canadensis) is a primary conservation priority for this species; however, very little is known about diseases of river otters that forage in marine environments. to identify and better understand pathogens that could be important to marine-foraging river otters, other wildlife species, domestic animals, and humans and to determine if proximity to human population could be a factor in disease exposure, serum samples from 55 free-r ... | 2007 | 17347401 |
| cryptosporidium and giardia in marine-foraging river otters (lontra canadensis) from the puget sound georgia basin ecosystem. | species of cryptosporidium and giardia can infect humans and wildlife and have the potential to be transmitted between these 2 groups; yet, very little is known about these protozoans in marine wildlife. feces of river otters (lontra canadensis), a common marine wildlife species in the puget sound georgia basin, were examined for species of cryptosporidium and giardia to determine their role in the epidemiology of these pathogens. using znso4 flotation and immunomagnetic separation, followed by ... | 2007 | 17436965 |
| human north american river otter (lontra canadensis) attack. | as a result of the successful restoration and conservation programs deployed by state and federal agencies, populations of the north american river otter (lontra canadensis) are increasing in many states. recreational activities such as swimming, boating, and fishing increase the likelihood of human interactions with this charismatic, nonendangered mustelid. otters tend to avoid areas of high human activity, occur at low population densities, and in some habitats in the united states have not re ... | 2007 | 17447713 |
| sink or swim? bone density as a mechanism for buoyancy control in early cetaceans. | previous analyses have shown that secondarily aquatic tetrapods, including whales, exhibit osteological adaptations to life in water as part of their complex buoyancy control systems. these structural specializations of bone span hyperostosis through osteoporosis. the past 15 years of paleontological effort has provided an unprecedented opportunity to examine the osteological transformation of whales as they make their transition to an obligate aquatic lifestyle over a 10-million-year period. it ... | 2007 | 17516430 |
| canine adenovirus type 1 infection of a eurasian river otter (lutra lutra). | a 10-year-old female eurasian river otter (lutra lutra) died after prolonged anorexia and weight loss in the seoul grand park zoo, seoul, republic of korea. on necropsy, the liver was found to be swollen and friable with 1 lobe enlarged and necrotic. the other organs showed no significant alterations except for mild atrophy of the right kidney. microscopically, there was multifocal hepatic necrosis. the hepatocytes around the necrotic areas were swollen and contained large basophilic intranuclea ... | 2007 | 17606519 |
| variation in digestive efficiency of captive north american river otters (lontra canadensis) on various diets. | energy content, proximate nutrient values, passage rate, and digestive efficiency associated with various diet types and factors affecting these parameters have not been quantified for the north american river otter (lontra canadensis). we measured energy digestive efficiency (deff) and intestinal passage rate of three captive river otters on their regular diet (a combination of polar bear diet, cat food, and feline diet) and on test diets consisting of the constituent components of their regula ... | 2007 | 19360560 |
| effects of river otter activity on terrestrial plants in trophically altered yellowstone lake. | animals that deposit aquatically derived nutrients on terrestrial landscapes link food webs and affect a variety of in situ processes. this phenomenon, however, is poorly documented in freshwater habitats, especially where species introductions have drastically changed an ecosystem's trophic structure. in this study, we used stable isotopes to document water-to-land nutrient transport by river otters (lontra canadensis) around yellowstone lake, an ecosystem recently altered by nonnative species ... | 2007 | 17536719 |
| mercury concentrations in wild mink (mustela vison) and river otters (lontra canadensis) collected from eastern and atlantic canada: relationship to age and parasitism. | total mercury (hg) concentrations were measured in the fur, brain and liver of wild mink (mustela vison) and river otters (lontra canadensis) collected from eastern and atlantic canada. total hg concentrations in fur were strongly correlated with levels in the brain and liver. there was no difference in tissue concentrations between male and female mink; however, female otters had significantly higher fur, brain and liver hg levels than males. similarly, there was not a significant relationship ... | 2008 | 18367299 |
| diversity of mtdna in southern river otter (lontra provocax) from argentinean patagonia. | lontra provocax is an endemic species from patagonia that has been categorized as "endangered" by the international union for conservation of nature. in this study, noninvasive molecular methods were used to investigate the genetic diversity and haplotype distribution of l. provocax in argentinean patagonia. we analyzed 150 scat samples collected from 1995 to 2006 and obtained 13 sequences of control region with 1 haplotype and 34 sequences of cytochrome b with 4 haplotypes. the population of th ... | 2008 | 18310615 |
| environmental contaminants in male river otters from oregon and washington, usa, 1994-1999. | this study reports hepatic concentrations and distribution patterns of select metals, organochlorine pesticides (ocs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) in 180 male river otters (lontra canadensis) collected from oregon and washington, 1994-1999. seven regional locations of western oregon and washington were delineated based on associations with major population centers, industry or agriculture. cadmium (cd) was ... | 2008 | 18058253 |
| total mercury and methylmercury residues in river otters (lutra canadensis) from wisconsin. | the wisconsin department of natural resources (wdnr) collected trapper-caught river otter (lutra canadensis) from 3 distinct areas of wisconsin (north, central, and south). otter carcasses were collected from a total of 12 counties during the trapping seasons of 2003 and 2004. liver, kidney, muscle, brain, and fur tissue was collected for mercury (hg) analysis. analysis of variance identified collection zone as the significant factor for differences in tissue hg levels, with a pattern of decreas ... | 2008 | 17926081 |
| chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in feces of river otters from the southern pacific coast of canada, 1998-2004. | chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in coastal river otters (lontra canadensis) were evaluated by sampling feces (scats) collected on the south coast of british columbia, canada. a broad survey of industrialized areas of the strait of georgia region was conducted in 1998, and a subsequent survey of working harbours in 2004. samples from 1998 were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine (oc) pesticides, and polychlorinated dioxins (pcdds) and furans (pcdfs), while in 2004, ... | 2008 | 18433835 |
| trapping and handling of north american river otters (lontra canadensis) in a managed marsh. | north american river otters (lontra canadensis) were trapped in a managed marsh in northern california between july and november of 1998. five trap types using several set configurations were utilized in this study. otters were successfully captured with minimal injury and a relatively high trap rate (1 capture per 48 trap nights), with the use of no. 1.5 and no. 1.75 double-coil spring traps, and no. 11 double long spring traps on short chains in blind land sets, or in bank sets on one-way cabl ... | 2008 | 18432092 |
| deciphering ecological barriers to north american river otter (lontra canadensis) gene flow in the louisiana landscape. | for north american river otters (lontra canadensis) in louisiana, statewide distribution, availability of aquatic habitats, and the absence of physical barriers to dispersal might suggest that they exist as a large, panmictic population. however, the wide variety of habitat types in this region, and the dynamic nature of these habitats over time, could potentially structure river otter populations in accordance with cryptic landscape features. recently developed landscape genetic models offer a ... | 2008 | 18316322 |
| technical advances: effects of genotyping protocols on success and errors in identifying individual river otters (lontra canadensis) from their faeces. | in noninvasive genetic sampling, when genotyping error rates are high and recapture rates are low, misidentification of individuals can lead to overestimation of population size. thus, estimating genotyping errors is imperative. nonetheless, conducting multiple polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) at multiple loci is time-consuming and costly. to address the controversy regarding the minimum number of pcrs required for obtaining a consensus genotype, we compared consumer-style the performance of tw ... | 2008 | 21585770 |
| characterization of basal seminal traits and reproductive endocrine profiles in north american river otters and asian small-clawed otters. | in this study, fecal samples were collected from 24 north american river (naro) and 17 asian small-clawed otters (asco) for 6-36 months and semen collected seasonally from naro males (n=4/season) via electroejaculation. our main objectives were to: (1) characterize endocrine parameters by longitudinal monitoring of fecal hormone metabolites and (2) investigate semen collection and basal seminal traits in naro. naro demonstrated a distinct seasonality in the spring, with females having a monoestr ... | 2009 | 19367624 |