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mechanism of action of flavensomycin on penicillium oxalicum. 19665985274
flavensomycin, an inhibitor of enzyme reactions involving hydrogen transfer.the antifungal antibiotic flavensomycin inhibited the oxidation of amino acids and of glucose by penicillium oxalicum. the compound inhibited l-amino acid oxidase (ec 1.4.3.2) activity for l-leucine and l-phenylalanine, and also d-amino acid oxidase (ec 1.4.3.3) in the oxidation for dl-alanine. the addition of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which is a cofactor for this enzyme, antagonized the action of the antibiotic. glucose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.4) was also inhibited. the antibiotic inhibited the re ...19674383133
microbiological transformations. i. hydroxylation of progesterone at c-11 by rhizopus nigricans and penicillium oxalicum. 19695380069
the isolation, structure and absolute configuration of secalonic acid d, the toxic metabolite of penicillium oxalicum. 19705415401
toxic nature of penicillium oxalicum currie thom in chicks. 19715092751
possible role of solar radiation on the viability of some air fungi in egypt.the high occurrence of alternaria humicola and the moderate occurrence of stemphylium verruculosum, rhizopus nigricans, and epicoccum nigrum in the air of egypt could be correlated to their apparent resistance to solar radiation. cladosporium herbarum, aspergillus niger, and penicillium oxalicum, although highly occurring, were light-sensitive. the miniumum solar radiation in november, coupled with the highest total fungal catch, dominated by cladosporium herbarum, reveals the importance of sola ...19761037050
lytic enzymes in the autolysis of filamentous fungi.the degrees of autolysis attained by five different genera of filamentous fungi during an incubation period of 60 days, under the same culture conditions were: 87.3% for penicillium oxalicum; 65.9% for neurospora crassa; 62.7% for polystictus versicolor; 51.7% for aspergillus niger and 23.5% for nectria galligena. n. crassa, a. niger and p. versicolor reached the end of the autolysis during this incubation period (60 days), whereas p. oxalicum and n. galligena did not. the excretion of the lytic ...197613304
a study on fungal radioresistance and sensitivity.lower doses of gamma and x-rays (5 and 1 krad, respectively) stimulated the spore germination and growth of 7 tested fungi. higher doses (500 and 100 krad, respectively) revealed that epicoccum nigrum was the most radioresistant, while alternaria humicola, stemphylium verruculosum, rhizopus nigricans, and cladosporium herbarum were of moderate resistance. aspergillus niger and penicillium oxalicum were the most radiosensitive. protein and polysaccharide synthesis were inhibited in the mycelium d ...1977857505
detection of mutagens produced by fungi with the salmonella typhimurium assay.forty-one fungal isolates (one isolate per species) representing common plant pathogens and food crop contaminants were grown on sterile, polished rice and assayed for mutagenic activity in the salmonella typhimurium-microsome system. initially, single doses of aqueous and chloroform extracts of the moldy rice were assayed against the ta100 tester strain by incorporating extracts into the growth medium and by applying small quantities on disks placed on the agar surface. suspected activity was e ...1978354528
mutagenicity of secalonic acid d in mice.secalonic acid d is an acutely toxic and teratogenic mycotoxin, produced by penicillium oxalicum in corn. two rodent mutagenicity tests, the dominant lethal test designed to evaluate male germ cell mutations and the micronucleus test designed to evaluate somatic cell mutations, were conducted in mice to assess the carcinogenic potential of secalonic acid d. data obtained indicate that the positive control compound triethylene melamine (tem) induced dominant lethal mutations during weeks 1 throug ...19807217855
production and biological activity of secalonic acid d.twenty isolates of penicillium oxalicum produced secalonic acid as their major secondary metabolite. fermentation conditions were determined for toxin production in grain and liquid media. the 50% lethal dose value for mice ranged from 26.5 to 51.7 mg/kg dependent on animal strain and sex, males being more susceptible than females. secalonic acid was nontoxic and nonteratogenic to the chicken embryo and exhibited poor antibiotic properties. its potential role in mycotoxicoses is discussed.198016345499
high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the mycotoxin secalonic acid d and its application to biological fluids.secalonic acid d (sad) is an acutely toxic, teratogenic and possibly mutagenic fungal metabolite produced in corn by penicillium oxalicum. using ultraviolet absorbance at 340 nm as a means of detection, sad was resolved as a sharp peak by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a small particle (10 mu m) mu bondapak c18 column in 4 min by an acetonitrile--water--glacial acetic acid-tetrahydrofuran (5:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system a and 4:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system b) elu ...19817276113
teratogenicity of secalonic acid d in mice.teratogenicity and fetotoxicity of secalonic acid d, a toxic fungal metabolite produced by penicillium oxalicum, were investigated with pregnant cd1 mice. the compound was administered ip on d 7-15 of pregnancy. a dose-dependent reduction in weight gain of mothers receiving all doses of secalonic acid d and an increase in resorptions of implanted embryos of dams treated with more than 5 mg/kg secalonic acid d occurred. the latter effect was nearly 100% at 15 or 9 mg/kg given in nahco3 with or wi ...19817288897
60co-irradiation as an alternate method for sterilization of penicillin g, neomycin, novobiocin, and dihydrostreptomycin.the effects of the use of 60co-irradiation to sterilize antibiotics were evaluated. the antibiotic powders were only occasionally contaminated with microorganisms. the d-values of the products and environmental isolates were 0.028, 0.027, 0.015, 0.046, 0.15, 0.018, and 0.19 mrads for aspergillus species (uc 7297, 7298), a. fumigatus (uc 7299), rhodotorula species (uc 7300), penicillium oxalicum (uc 7269), pseudomonas maltophilia (uc 6855), and a biological indicator microorganism, bacillus pumil ...19836186803
production of oxalic acid by some fungi infected tubers.oxalic acid (as oxalate) was detected in four tubers commonly used for food in nigeria-dioscorea rotundata (white yam), solanum tuberosum (irish potato), ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), and manihot esculenta (cassava). whereas healthy i. batata had the highest oxalic acid content, healthy m. esculenta contained the lowest. when all tubers were artifically inoculated with four fungi-penicillium oxalicum curie and thom, aspergillus niger van tiegh, a. flavus and a. tamarii kita, there was an incre ...19836670294
isolation, purification and assay of the macerating enzyme produced by penicillium oxalicum curie and thom.penicillium oxalicum produced two isozymes of polygalacturonase (pg) and a pectate lyase (pl). the enzymes were separated and purified following ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, ultrogel column chromatography and isoelectric focusing. the first isozyme of polygalacturonase (pgi) was rather unstable hence its properties could not be much assayed. pgii macerated and killed yam tissue in 4 hours but pl was unable to do so. enzyme assay for the end-products of degradatio ...19846741169
[production of secalonic acid d by strains of penicillium oxalicum and its toxic effects on chick embryos].over the years 1983 to 1984, eight strains of penicillium oxalicum were isolated from feed mixtures for chickens; all of them produced on wheat secalonic acid d (1 to 22 mg x kg-1). as found out, toxic dose of secalonic acid d for two-day, three--day and four-day chicken embryos is 0.90, 2.80 and 3.80 micrograms, respectively. teratogenic effects, microophthalmia and bilateral beak fissure was observed in the embryotoxicity range on all days of application.19853931337
separation of mycotoxin-containing sources in grain dust and determination of their mycotoxin potential.two distinct reservoirs of mycotoxins exist in fungal-infected cereal grains--the fungal spores and the spore-free mycelium-substrate matrix. many fungal spores are of respirable size and the mycelium-substrate matrix can be pulverized to form particles of respirable size during routine handling of grain. in order to determine the contribution of each source to the level of mycotoxin contamination of dust, we developed techniques to harvest and separate mycelium-substrate matrices from spores of ...19863709472
enhancement of influenza virus infections by secalonic acid d.secalonic acid d (sad), a hepatotoxic, teratogenic, and slightly mutagenic metabolite of penicillium oxalicum has been identified as a natural contaminant of grain dust. secalonic acid d was administered intraperitoneally to male icr mice that were exposed to influenza virus aerosols 5 days earlier. the mortality rate was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in mice subjected to both influenza and sad than those subjected to influenza alone. virus titers in lung tissue samples at selected ti ...19863011393
microorganisms associated with mouldiness of dried yam chips and their prevention.the broad objective of this study was to isolate and identify the microorganisms causing mouldiness of stored yam chips and to look for ways of preventing the problem. microorganisms isolated included aspergillus flavus, a. glaucus, a. nidulans, a. niger, a. ochraceous, a. tamarii, a. candidus, penicillium oxalicum, trichoderma longibrachyatum, rhizopus nigricans, cylindrocarpon radicicola, neurospora crassa, botryodiplodia theobromae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, erwinia carotovora and s ...19883231261
penicillin amidohydrolases in fungal autolysis.the production of penicillin g and penicillin v amidohydrolases or acylases (e.c.3.5.1.11) was studied during the autolysis of filamentous fungi in a mineral medium, and in the same medium with phenoxyacetic acid as inducer. in all the studied fungi, enzymes showing penicillin g and penicillin v amidohydrolase activities were found. generally, an increase of these activities during fungal autolysis was observed. the presence of phenoxyacetic acid in the medium did not increase these activities. ...19892499747
purification and properties of a 1,3-beta-glucanase from penicillium oxalicum autolysates.high 1,3-beta-glucanase activity was detected during autolysis in a culture medium containing penicillium oxalicum. it was due to the combined action of four enzymes. the purification process for the major enzyme produced a homogeneous band in the sds polyacrylamide gel that corresponded to a molecular weight of 79,400 daltons. the enzyme pi was 6.3 and it was only active against 1,3-beta-glucans, with a s0.5 of 0.23 mg ml-1 against laminarin. the enzymatic optima were found at ph 4 and 55 degre ...19892612890
purification and properties of a beta-glucosidase from penicillium oxalicum autolysates.a beta-glucosidase from the medium of an autolyzed culture of penicillium oxalicum has been purified by tannic acid precipitation, sephacryl s-200, deae-biogel, cm-biogel and mono q successively. the purification process produced a homogeneous band in the sds-page that correspond to a mr of 133,500. the enzyme had a pl of 4, and the active optima were found at ph 5.5 and 55 degrees c. the enzyme hydrolyzed different substrates showing maximum affinity against p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucoside with ...19902109721
effect of beta-glucanases on penicillium oxalicum cell wall fractions.the polysaccharidic effect of a purified 1,3-beta-glucanase, a purified beta-glucosidase, and of partially purified endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from autolysed penicillium oxalicum cultures on cell wall isolate fractions from the same fungus were studied. fractionation of 5-day-old cell wall gave rise to a series of fractions that were identified using infrared spectrophotometry. the fractions used were: f1, an alpha-glucan; f3, a beta-glucan; f4, a chitin-glucan; and f4b, a beta-glucan. the fraction ...19902121589
parasitological and microbiological evaluation of mixe indian medicinal plants (mexico).medicinal plants are an important health resource in many regions of the americas and are of particular importance to many indian communities. based on a recent ethnobotanical study in mexico, we investigated the activity of 29 plant extracts against entamoeba histolytica, three bacteria (bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, and micrococcus luteus) and two fungi (cladosporium cucumerinum and penicillium oxalicum). after separation of these extracts between ch2cl2 and h2o the resulting phases wer ...19921501496
purification of a new galactanase from penicillium oxalicum catalysing the hydrolysis of beta-(1----5)-galactofuran linkages.an endo beta-(1----5)-galactofuranase from penicillium oxalicum has been purified 91-fold. the enzyme is a basic glycoprotein with a pi 7.9 and 20% (w/w) carbohydrate content, galactose being the principal sugar. the apparent mr of the enzyme estimated by denaturing gel electrophoresis was 77,000. the optimum ph was 5.0, and the enzyme was stable over the ph range 4.0-7.5. this enzyme hydrolyses specifically (1----5)-linked beta-d-galactofuranose residues in homo- and heterogalactans, but did no ...19921536645
imi descriptions of fungi and bacteria no. 1107. penicillium oxalicum. 19921640983
effect of processing on the mycoflora and aflatoxin b1 level of a cassava-based product.cassava bread was prepared by pre-gelling, battering and baking cassava flour to which were added, in moderate amounts, sugar, yeast solution and edible oil. baking was at 215 degrees c for 40 min. no mould was isolated from the cassava bread and the mean value of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) for the three subsamples of cassava bread was 0.03 microgram/kg. the cassava tuber (manihot esculenta crantz), which was used for the production of cassava bread had an initial afb1 level of 1.91 micrograms/kg and t ...19938506233
biological screening of traditional medicinal plants from papua new guinea.based on ethnopharmacological literature, 17 species of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in papua new guinea were collected. extracts of different polarities were tested in a preliminary biological screening for their antimicrobial (escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus and penicillium oxalicum) and molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata as well as for their toxicity to brine shrimp. the pretreated plant extracts were also investigated for their a ...19958824740
purification and properties of a chitinase from penicillium oxalicum autolysates.a chitinase (ec. 3.2.1.14) from autolysed culture filtrate of penicillium oxalicum was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. the purified enzyme showed a single protein band in sds gel electrophoresis. the enzyme is an acidic protein with a pi of 4.5 and has a molecular weight of 54,900 as estimated from sds gel electrophoresis and 21,500 from gel filtration. the optimum ph and temperature were 5.0 and 35 degrees c, respectively. the ...19957765867
ecophysiological factors affecting growth, sporulation and survival of the biocontrol agent penicillium oxalicum.the effect of temperature, ph, water potential and sources of nitrogen and carbon on the biocontrol agent penicillium oxalicum were studied in vitro. the fungus is xerotolerant, mesophillic and has a wide ph tolerance. the parameters evaluated (germination, germ tube length, growth rate and sporulation) showed different sensitivities to the environmental factors. peptone and free amino acids gave the highest growth rates and high levels of sporulation. xylose, mannose and fructose gave the highe ...199716283450
[post traumatic ocular mycosis due to penicillium oxalicum.].an ocular fungal infection in a 33 year-old man is reported. the patient had a traumatic corneal ulcer with subsequent abscess and perforation. antibiotics were administered at the beginning of the treatment. two successive conjunctival flaps were performed but were unsuccessful, followed by a corneal transplant with unfavorable outcome and the appearance of endophthalmitis. material from the vitreous and corneal ulcer margins was obtained and penicillium oxalicum currie & thom was isolated in t ...199817655422
transglycosylation of thiamin by fungal β-n-acetylhexosaminidases.a new thiamin glycoside, e.g., thiamin β-d-2-deoxy-2-acetamidoglucopyranoside was prepared by transglycosylation by β-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspergillus oryzae and characterized spectrally. series of other fungal β-n-acetyl-hexosaminidases from a. awamori, a. tamari, a. terreus, and penicillium oxalicum were shown to be able to synthesize the same compound in lower yields.199827392399
characterization of allergens from penicillium oxalicum and p. notatum by immunoblotting and n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis.penicillium species are important causative agents of extrinsic bronchial asthma. however, little is known about the allergens of these ubiquitous fungal species. objective the object was to analyse the composition, the allergenic cross-reactivity and the n-terminal sequences of allergens from two prevalent airborne penicillium species, p. oxalicum and p. notatum.199910231324
secalonic acid d alters the nature of and inhibits the binding of the transcription factors to the phorbol 12-o-tetradecanoate-13 acetate-response element in the developing murine secondary palate.secalonic acid d (sad), a mycotoxin produced by penicillium oxalicum in corn, induces cleft palate (cp) in the offspring of exposed dams. results of recent studies suggest that protein kinase c (pkc) inhibition by sad may be relevant to its cp-induction. downstream effects of pkc are determined by the nature of transcription factors (tf) that form the activator protein-1 (ap-1) and the binding of ap-1 (and other tf) to the phorbol 12-o-tetradecanoate-13 acetate-response element (tre) to form ap- ...200011097866
surface hydrophobicity, viability and efficacy in biological control of penicillium oxalicum spores produced in aerial and submerged culture.the surface hydrophobicity, viability and biocontrol ability of penicillium oxalicum spores, produced either in aerial or submerged culture, were characterized. a phase distribution test showed that spores produced in both methods of culture were highly hydrophobic, but those produced in aerial culture were more hydrophobic. spores stored fresh at either 4 or 25 degrees c retained a high viability (80%) after 27 weeks of storage, although aerial spores survived better. freeze-drying severely aff ...200011119160
induced resistance by penicillium oxalicum against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: histological studies of infected and induced tomato stems.abstract tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants of 'lorena' were induced with a conidial suspension (10(7) conidia per ml) of penicillium oxalicum before inoculation with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. histological changes occurred in plants under both growth chamber and glasshouse culture conditions and there was a reduction of disease severity. in noninduced plants, the pathogen produced almost a complete loss of cambium (75 to 100% reduction), an increase in the nu ...200018944618
cdna cloning and immunologic characterization of pen o 18, the vacuolar serine protease major allergen of penicillium oxalicum.penicillium species are prevalent indoor airborne fungi that have been identified as causative agents of human extrinsic bronchial asthma. in the preparation of standardized diagnostic reagents, it is imperative to define the allergens of these ubiquitous fungi. results from our previous study on p. oxalicum suggest that the 34-kd major immunoglobulin e-reacting component of this prevalent penicillium species is probably a vacuolar serine protease. the purpose of the present study was to define ...200111174468
production, survival, and evaluation of solid-substrate inocula of penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent against fusarium wilt of tomato.abstract production of conidia of penicillium oxalicum (atcc number pending), a biocontrol agent of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, was tested in liquid and solid fermentation. p. oxalicum produced 250-fold more conidia in solid than in liquid fermentation at 30 days after inoculation of substrate. solid fermentation was carried out in plastic bags (600 cm(3)) especially designed for solid fermentation (valmic) containing 50 g of peat/vermiculite (pv) (1:1, wt/wt) with 40% moisture, seale ...200218942965
antagonistic activity of penicillium oxalicum corrie and thom, penicillium decumbens thom and trichoderma harzianum rifai isolates against fungi, bacteria and insects in vitro.the antibiotic activity of 70 isolates belonging to the genera aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium, alternaria and trichoderma was tested as preliminary screening. the highest activity was obtained with three penicillium oxalicum isolates, one penicillium decumbens isolate and the trichoderma harzianum isolate. after that, we chose these five isolates in order to carry out other studies with bacteria, fungi and insects. extracts from these isolates were obtained. the extracts were tested for anti ...200212828512
biosorption of reactive dyes by the mycelium pellets of a new isolate of penicillium oxalicum.three reactive dyes were rapidly adsorbed by the mycelium pellets of penicillium oxalicum. dye removal of reactive blue 19 was up to 60% in 10 min and 91% in 80 min. dye adsorption isotherms fitted langmuir model well and the maximum adsorption capacities at 20 degrees c were calculated to be 160 mg g(-1) for reactive blue 19, 122 mg g(-1) for reactive red 241 and 137 mg g(-1) for reactive yellow 145, respectively. the pellets exhibited a high dye adsorption capacity (80-180 mg g(-1)) for all of ...200314514054
detection of ige reactivity to fungus antigens by immunoblotting in allergic diseases in children.fungi are well-known as sources for allergens that cause allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to airborne fungi in allergic diseases in children.200314604308
[effect of water activity and temperature on competing abilities of penicillium oxalicum against fusarium oxysporum].the in vitro effect of water activity (0.995, 0.98, 0.95, 0.90 and 0.85) and temperature (25 and 15 degrees c) on competing abilities of the biocontrol agent penicillium oxalicum against fusarium oxysporum fsp. lycopersici, a tomato pathogen, and fusarium oxysporum fsp. gladioli, a gladiolus pathogen, was evaluated. the aim of this study was to assess the suitability of p. oxalicum to be applied as a biocontrol agent against these phytopathogenic fungi. plates were inoculated in two points with ...200315456354
fungal beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases with high beta-n-acetylgalactosaminidase activity and their use for synthesis of beta-galnac-containing oligosaccharides.about 60 fungal strains were tested for production of extracellular beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases. a unique beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase with the beta-galnac-ase/beta-glcnac-ase ratio of 2.3-2.8 was found in the culture filtrates of some strains of penicillium oxalicum. addition of 20% (w/v) mgso(4) increased the beta-galnac-ase/beta-glcnac-ase ratio to the value of 3.35. cultivation conditions influence this ratio as well. beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases from p. oxalicum ccf 2430 and aspergillus ory ...200312681926
a metal-independent hydrolase from a penicillium oxalicum strain able to use phosphonoacetic acid as the only phosphorus source.a penicillium oxalicum strain was capable of the phosphate-sensitive utilization of phosphonoacetic acid as the sole source of phosphorus. a carbon-to-phosphorus bond-cleavage enzyme yielding acetic acid and inorganic phosphate was detected and characterized in extracts from cells grown on this phosphonate. contrary to bacterial phosphonoacetate hydrolases, the fungal enzyme neither required nor was stimulated by divalent cations.200312770709
casuarina cunninghamiana tissue extracts stimulate the growth of frankia and differentially alter the growth of other soil microorganisms.aqueous extracts of host plant casuarina cunninghamiana tissue altered the in vitro growth of its diazotrophic microsymbiont frankia and a selection of other soil microorganisms. the growth of actinomycetous frankia strains, 55005. avci1, cesi5, cji82 001, and cj was stimulated by aqueous extracts of c. cunninghamiana tissue. green cladodes (photosynthetic branches), unsuberized roots, and suberized roots were more stimulatory than dry cladodes and seed tissue. aqueous extracts of green cladodes ...200415112734
[decolorization of reactive blue kn-r by penicillium oxalicum bx1 adsorption].the biomass of penicillium oxalicum bx1 could adsorb many kinds of dyes. the effect of temperature, carbon source and ph on its growth and its adsorption to reactive blue kn-r were studied. to avoid the toxicity of the dye on bx1 biomass growth, bx1 culture and its adsorption to the dye were separated. it was found that there were three phases during bx1 growth: spore activation, linear growth and decay. the rate of bx1 growth in different carbon sources followed the order of starch > xylose > s ...200415330428
[effects of phosphate-dissolving fungi on transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer 32p].by using a radioactive 32p-labeled technique, this paper studied the effects of p-dissolving penicillium oxalicum p8 inoculum on the transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer p. the results showed that the inoculum could prevent available p from fixation by soil, and promoted the uptake of applied p by maize and peanut. additionally, it reduced the amount of ca10-p fraction derived from available p, increased the pool of available p, and maintained more 32p in forms of ca2-p and ca8- ...200415707330
biological control of postharvest fungal rot of yam (dioscorea spp.) withbacillus subtilis.the potential of isolates of bacillus subtilis from yam farm soil to control rot of yam in storage barns was investigated. yam tubers inoculated in vivo with b. subtilis showed no rot while those inoculated with aspergillus niger, botryodiploidia theobromae or penicillium oxalicum showed considerable rot. the set of yams in which b. subtilis and the fungi were simultaneously inoculated produced rot whereas those in which b. subtilis was inoculated a day before the fungi was inoculated were total ...200515770458
chemical properties and nmr spectroscopic identification of certain fungal siderophores.siderophores of six fungi viz. aspergillus sp. abp4, aureobacidium pullulans, penicillium oxalicum, p. chrysosporium, mycotypha africana and syncephalastrum racemosum were examined for their (1) electrophoretic mobilities to determine the acidic, basic or neutral charge; (2) fe (iii) binding nature viz., mono-, di-, or trihydroxamate; (3) amino acid composition; and (4) nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy to determine their structure. electrophoretic mobilities of siderophores of 3 fun ...200516235721
[study on transformation of p-dissolving penicillium oxalicum p8 with double-marker vector expressing green fluorescent protein and hygromycin b resistance].p-dissolving penicillium oxalicum p8 was isolated previously in this lab which has a considerable ability to dissolve many kinds of inorganic phosphorus and improve crop growth. in order to study rhizosphere colonization of plants by penicillium oxalicum p8, protoplasts were transformed with a double-marker expression vector of green fluorescent protein and hygromycin b resistance. some transformants were selected which expressed both the gfp and hygromycin b phosphotransferase and did not show ...200516496688
establishment of the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales) as an endophyte in cocoa seedlings (theobroma cacao).the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana became established as an endophyte in in vitro-grown cocoa seedlings tested for up to 2 mo after inoculation to the radicle with b. bassiana suspensions. the fungus was recovered in culture from stems, leaves and roots. b. bassiana also was detected as an epiphyte 1 and 2 mo postinoculation. penicillium oxalicum and five bacterial morphospecies also were detected, indicating that these were present as endophytes in the seed.200516722213
dna topoisomerase i inhibitor, ergosterol peroxide from penicillium oxalicum.recently, we found that the meoh extract of penicillium oxalicum showed inhibitory activity towards dna topoisomerase i. subsequently, ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol, palmitoleic acid, and linoleic acid were isolated from the cultured mycelia of p. oxalicum. the structural determinations were based on physical and spectral analyses. biological evaluation revealed that ergosterol peroxide inhibited the relaxation of supercoiled dna (pbr322) induced by dna topoisomerase i, and also showed margina ...200515678378
production of galacto-manno-oligosaccharides from guar gum by beta-mannanase from penicillium oxalicum so.beta-mannanase from penicillium oxalicum so efficiently hydrolyzed guar galactomannan to galacto-manno-oligosaccharides. gel filtration estimated the molecular weight of the beta-mannanase as 35 000 and sds-page as 29 000. the optimum ph was around 5 while a stable ph was reached in the range of 3-6. optimum temperature was around 60 degrees c at ph 5, while under 60 degrees c activity was stable. hplc analysis detected oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (dp) of 2 to 7 and 2 to 6 re ...200617002466
phosphonoacetic acid utilization by fungal isolates: occurrence and properties of a phosphonoacetate hydrolase in some penicillia.among a collection of 18 fungal strains representing eight genera, only two strains (penicillium oxalicum and p. minioluteum) were capable of growth on phosphonoacetic acid as sole phosphorous source. enrichment liquid cultures in minimal medium with the compound as the only p-source selected four isolates, that were also identified as penicillium spp. phosphonoacetate metabolism did not lead to extracellular release of inorganic phosphate. in all cases phosphonoacetate hydrolase activity was de ...200617123811
phosphonoacetate hydrolase from penicillium oxalicum: purification and properties, phosphate starvation-independent expression, and partial sequencing.the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of phosphonoacetic acid, a non-biogenic c-p compound, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a wild-type strain of penicillium oxalicum. a 50-fold enrichment was obtained by a combination of anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and monoq-fast protein liquid chromatography, with a yield of one-third of the initial activity. a characterization of the protein showed both similarities and differences with respect to the well-characterized bacter ...200616129582
purification and properties of an extracellular pectin lyase produced by the strain of penicillium oxalicum in solid-state fermentation.a pectin lyase (pnl, ec 4.2.2.10) produced extracellularly by the strain of penicillium oxalicum in solid-state fermentation medium containing deoiled mandarin orange peel meal was purified to apparent homogeneity by a protocol that included ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sephadex a-50 and sephadex g-100 chromatography. the enzyme had molecular mass of 50 kd, as determined by sds- page and showed optimum ph and temperature at 8.0 and 50 degrees c respectively. it had an isoelectric point ( ...200717970283
suppression of nigrospora oryzae (berk. & broome) petch by an aggressive mycoparasite and competitor, penicillium oxalicum currie & thom.the objective of this research was to study by means of different techniques, the interaction between penicillium oxalicum and nigrospora oryzae under different temperatures (15 and 25 degrees c), water activities (0.95, 0.98, and 0.995) and culture media (rice and rice extract agar). in dual culture, p. oxalicum was dominant over n. oryzae in spite of presenting in the majority of cases, lower growth rates. the microscopic study revealed that p. oxalicum is a powerful mycoparasite, which attack ...200818177964
moulds and ochratoxin a on surfaces of artisanal and industrial dry sausages.the use of moulds as a seasoning for sausage can have both desirable and undesirable consequences. the desirable consequences are the creation of a successful product that appeals to consumers. the undesirable consequences are due to the growth of undesirable moulds that produce highly toxic secondary metabolites referred to as mycotoxins. the aim of the paper was to investigate the presence of moulds producing ochratoxin a (ota) on the surface of sausages from northern italy. a total of 757 mou ...200919028307
the vacuolar serine protease, a cross-reactive allergen from cladosporium herbarum.subtilisin-like serine proteases make up one of the most important allergen-families regarding the number of individual allergens. previously, fungal subtilisin-like serine proteases have been identified from aspergillus-, penicillium-, and trichophyton-species having a prevalence of ige-reactivity between 33% and 80%. since ige-cross-reactivity is a common phenomenon within fungal species we wanted to know whether this protein also represents an allergen in cladosporium herbarum. hence, a scree ...200919162325
modified electrophoretic and digestion conditions allow a simplified mass spectrometric evaluation of disulfide bonds.proper formation of disulfide bonds in proteins is a prerequisite to their stability and function. information on disulfide pattern may therefore serve as an indication of the proper folding of recombinant proteins, and can also be used in protein homology modeling for the purpose of structure refinement. protein handling and digestion at basic ph leads to disulfide bond scrambling. that is why the samples are usually treated and digested at low ph where no scrambling occurs. unfortunately, the ...200919551705
filamentous fungi associated with mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) in municipalities of the brazilian amazon.several species of the family culicidae are important vectors of diseases in humans and other animals. immature stages are filter-feeders of organic particulate matter and microorganisms. studies on microbial diversity can contribute to the discovery of new substances that can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for food or for biological control. the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi associated with culicidae larvae found in different habitats (natural and artificial), ...200919618051
natural formation of styrene by cinnamon mold flora.tests on 106 dried pure cinnamon samples of diverse origins showed that some samples were naturally contaminated with high levels of styrene, up to 524 microg/g. styrene taint can be associated with high water activity levels and thus with microorganism growth. the mold flora of a korintji cinnamon sample in which styrene had been found at a 50 microg/g concentration was analyzed and 5 species of mold were isolated. an investigation into the ability of the 5 species of mold to produce styrene sh ...200919723212
identification of two marine fungi and evaluation of their antivirus and antitumor activities.to identify two marine fungi and evaluate the inhibitory effects of their crude extracts on tobacco mosaic virus and two tumor cell lines.200920030065
bioaccumulation of cu-complex reactive dye by growing pellets of penicillium oxalicum and its mechanism.in this paper bioaccumulation of cu-complex reactive dye by growing pellets of penicillium oxalicum and its mechanism was investigated. shaking flasks experiment showed that 99.7% of dye removal at 400 mg/l was attained after 48 h contact. column reactor experiment showed that air lift ferment tower was a suitable reactor for both pellets formation and dye bioaccumulation. repeated inoculation of the dye-loaded pellets accelerated dye bioaccumulation, leading to complete dye removal within 12 h. ...201020421123
decolorization and treatment of kokuto-shochu distillery wastewater by the combination treatment involving biodecolorization and biotreatment by penicillium oxalicum d, physical decolorization by ozonation and treatment by activated sludge.kokuto-shochu is a traditional japanese distilled liquor made from brown sugar. kokuto-shochu distillery wastewater (kdw) contains high concentrations of organic compounds and brown pigments (called molasses pigments) which are hardly decolorized by general biological wastewater treatment. a fungus, penicillium oxalicum d, which we isolated in a previous study, decolorizes 47% of the color from kdw without the addition of any nutrients. p. oxalicum d decolorizes kdw by absorbing the pigments int ...201020473555
cryo-scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy for the study of fungi interactions.the application of the cryo-scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy for the study of the interactions at different environmental conditions between penicillium oxalicum and fusarium verticillioides is described. a dual microculture was developed for the light microscopy analysis of the interaction. the microscope and macroscopic examinations were compared. analysis of petri plates revealed that f. verticillioides was a competitor for space and nutrients while p. oxalicum was a mycopara ...201020572205
[screening of three straw-cellulose degrading microorganism].the aim of this study was to screen straw-cellulose degrading microorganisms and to investigate their degradation ability of straw-cellulose.201020815232
bleach enhancement of mixed wood pulp by xylanase-laccase concoction derived through co-culture strategy.mixed enzyme preparation having both xylanase and laccase activity was evaluated for its bleach enhancing ability of mixed wood pulp. the enzyme was produced through co-cultivation of mutant penicillium oxalicum sau(e)-3.510 and pleurotus ostreatus mtcc 1804 under solid-state fermentation. bleaching of pulp with mixed enzyme had resulted into a notable decrease in kappa number and increased brightness as compared to xylanase alone. analysis of bleaching conditions had denoted that 8 iu g(-1) of ...201019421722
study of the interactions between penicillium oxalicum currie & thom and alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler.the aim of this research was the analysis of the possible antagonistic effect of penicillium oxalicum over the pathogen rice fungus a. alternata under different conditions of temperature, water activity and culture media. the macroscopic study of the dual growth revealed that according to the index of dominance p. oxalicum was more competitive that a. alternata at 25°c whereas at 15°c was this species. microscopic analysis showed that p. oxalicum was a mycoparasite of a. alternata at all conditi ...201024031546
[screening and application of phosphate-dissolving microorganism suitable for corn production].to obtain phosphate-dissolving strains which can be suitable for corn production.201021365915
enzymatic characterization and molecular modeling of an evolutionarily interesting fungal β-n-acetylhexosaminidase.fungal β-n-acetylhexosaminidases are inducible extracellular enzymes with many biotechnological applications. the enzyme from penicillium oxalicum has unique enzymatic properties despite its close evolutionary relationship with other fungal hexosaminidases. it has high galnacase activity, tolerates substrates with the modified n-acyl group better and has some other unusual catalytic properties. in order to understand these features, we performed isolation, biochemical and enzymological character ...201121564548
co-cultivation of mutant penicillium oxalicum sau(e)-3.510 and pleurotus ostreatus for simultaneous biosynthesis of xylanase and laccase under solid-state fermentation.co-cultivation of mutant penicillium oxalicum sau(e)-3.510 and pleurotus ostreatus mtcc 1804 was evaluated for the production of xylanase-laccase mixture under solid-state fermentation (ssf) condition. growth compatibility between mutant p. oxalicum sau(e)-3.510 and white rot fungi (p. ostreatus mtcc 1804, trametes hirsuta mtcc 136 and pycnoporus sp. mtcc 137) was analyzed by growing them on potato dextrose agar plate. extracellular enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. under ...201121642024
penicillium oxalicum saem-51: a mutagenised strain for enhanced production of chitin deacetylase for bioconversion to chitosan.a novel chitin deacetylase (cda) producing strain penicillium oxalicum itcc 6965 was isolated from residual materials of sea food processing industries. strain following mutagenesis using ethidium bromide (etbr) and microwave irradiation had resulted into a mutant p. oxalicum sae(m)-51 having improved levels of chitin deacetylase (210.71 ± 1.65 ul(-1)) as compared to the wild type strain (108.26 ± 1.98 ul(-1)). maximum enzyme production was achieved in submerged fermentation following 144 hours ...201120920617
Improved phosphorus acquisition by tobacco through transgenic expression of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from Penicillium oxalicum.Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, but is generally unavailable and inaccessible in soil, since applied P is mostly fixed to aluminium (Al) and ferrum (Fe) in acidic soils and to calcium (Ca) in alkaline soils. Increased organic acid excretion is thought to be one mechanism by which plants use to enhance P uptake. In this study, we overexpressed a mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene from the mycorrhizal fungi Penicillium oxalicum in tobacco. The M ...201221863348
evolution of microbial aerosol behaviour in heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems--quantification of staphylococcus epidermidis and penicillium oxalicum viability.the aim of this study was to develop an experimental set-up and a methodology to uniformly contaminate several filter samples with high concentrations of cultivable bacteria and fungi. an experimental set-up allows contaminating simultaneously up to four filters for range of velocities representative of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems. the test aerosol was composed of a microbial consortium of one bacterium (staphylococcus epidermidis) and one fungus (penicillium oxalicum) and ...201223393961
bio-protective potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented wax gourd.the antifungal activities of 85 lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from fermented wax gourd against the four fungal species, penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus sydowii, and mucor racemosus, were determined. inhibitory activity against at least one or more fungal species was observed with 27 weissella cibaria and 11 weissella paramesenteroides strains. among these strains, w. cibaria 861006 and w. paramesenteroides 860509 showed greater inhibitory activities and were therefo ...201222307833
bioconversion of iodoacetophenones by marine fungi.nine marine fungi (aspergillus sclerotiorum cbmai 849, aspergillus sydowii ce19, beauveria felina cbmai 738, mucor racemosus cbmai 847, penicillium citrinum cbmai 1186, penicillium miczynskii ce16, p. miczynskii gc5, penicillium oxalicum cbmai 1185, and trichoderma sp. gc1) catalyzed the asymmetric bioconversion of iodoacetophenones 1-3 to corresponding iodophenylethanols 6-8. all the marine fungi produced exclusively (s)-ortho-iodophenylethanol 6 and (s)-meta-iodophenylethanol 7 in accordance t ...201222653656
cytotoxic dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones from marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum.two new dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones and a new natural chromone, namely oxalicumones a-c (1-3), respectively, were isolated from a culture broth of a marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum scsgaf 0023, meripilaceae family. the structures of 1-3 and acetylated derivatives of 1 (4-7) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and chemical reactions. the absolute configuration of 1 was established by using the modified mosher ester method and circular dichroism data of in sit ...201223150074
production and characterization of acidophilic xylanolytic enzymes from penicillium oxalicum gz-2.multiple acidophilic xylanolytic enzymes were produced by penicillium oxalicum gz-2 during growth on wheat straw, rice straw, corn stover, and wheat bran. the expression of xylanase isoforms was dependent on substrate type and nitrogen source. the zymograms produced by the sds-page resolution of the crude enzymes indicated that wheat straw was the best inducer, resulting in the highest xylanase (115.2u/ml) and β-xylosidase (89mu/ml) activities during submerged fermentation. the optimum temperatu ...201222940308
biodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (pcl) by a new penicillium oxalicum strain dsyd05-1.in this study, fungi isolated from soil were screened for their ability to form clear zones on agar plates with emulsified poly(ε-caprolactone) (pcl). the most active strain, designated as dsyd05, was identified as penicillium oxalicum on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. mutant dsyd05-1, obtained by ultraviolet-light mutagenesis from strain dsyd05, was more effective in pcl degradation. in liquid cultures of the mutant strain with pcl emulsion, dsyd05-1 showe ...201222806733
mass spectrometry-based chemotaxonomic classification of penicillium species (p. echinulatum, p. expansum, p. solitum, and p. oxalicum) and its correlation with antioxidant activity.in this study, 4 penicillium species (17 strains) were classified on the basis of metabolite profile (chemotaxonomy) by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap-mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms), gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (gc-it-ms) and multivariate statistical analysis. the lc-esi-ms-based dendrogram was similar to the internal transcribed spacer (its)-based dendrogram, in that penicillium oxalicum was separated from the other 3 species. moreover, vermiculidi ...201222732319
disinfection of wheat grains contaminated with penicillium oxalicum spores by a supercritical carbon dioxide-water cosolvent system.spores of the plant pathogenic fungus penicillium oxalicum inoculated onto wheat grains were inactivated using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)). after the sc-co(2) treatment at various conditions of temperature, time and amount of water cosolvent, the colony forming units (cfu) of fungal spores on wheat grains and the germination yields of wheat grains were determined. among these sc-co(2) treatment parameters, the inactivation of p. oxalicum spores was found to be significantly increased ...201222551673
cellodextrin transporters play important roles in cellulase induction in the cellulolytic fungus penicillium oxalicum.cellodextrin transporters (cellodextrin permeases) have been identified in fungi in recent years. however, the functions of these transporters in cellulose utilization and cellulase expression have not been well studied. in this study, three cellodextrin transporters, namely, cdtc, cdtd, and cdtg, in the cellulolytic fungus penicillium oxalicum (formally was classified as p. decumbens) were identified, and their functions were analyzed. the deletion of a single cellodextrin transporter gene slig ...201324132667
enhanced production of a novel cytotoxic chromone oxalicumone a by marine-derived mutant penicillium oxalicum scsio 24-2.many marine natural products hold great potential for the development of new and much needed drugs. however, the production of active metabolites by marine-derived microorganisms is usually very low, and large-scale culture has to be involved to meet the need of chemical structural modification and deep pharmacy study. in order to enhance the production of a novel cytotoxic sulfur-containing chromone oxalicumone a (oa), germinating spores of a marine-derived wild strain penicillium oxalicum scsg ...201324061416
cytotoxic dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones from the marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum.two new dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones and a new natural chromone, namely oxalicumones a-c (1-3), respectively, were isolated from a culture broth of a marine-derived fungus, penicillium oxalicum. the structures of 1-3 and acetylated derivatives of 1 (4-7) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and chemical reactions. the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were established by using the modified mosher ester method and circular dichroism data of an in situ formed [rh2(ococf3)4 ...201324037588
a novel and other bioactive secondary metabolites from a marine fungus penicillium oxalicum 0312f1.a new compound 2-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) quinazolin-4(3h)-one (1) and four known compounds were isolated from a marine fungus penicillium oxalicum 0312f1. the structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated based on the spectroscopic analysis. bioactivity assays showed that 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl) quinazolin-4(3h)-one (2) and methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (5) had potent inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), and the new compound 1 had moderate inhibitory activity against tmv and human gas ...201323962399
evolution of microbial aerosol behaviour in heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems--quantification of staphylococcus epidermidis and penicillium oxalicum viability.the aim of this study was to develop an experimental set-up and a methodology to uniformly contaminate several filter samples with high concentrations of cultivable bacteria and fungi. an experimental set-up allows contaminating simultaneously up to four filters for range of velocities representative of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems. the test aerosol was composed of a microbial consortium of one bacterium (staphylococcus epidermidis) and one fungus (penicillium oxalicum) and ...201323837350
bioconversion to chitosan: a two stage process employing chitin deacetylase from penicillium oxalicum saem-51.chitin deacetylase from penicillium oxalicum saem-51 was evaluated for bioconversion of chitin to chitosan in a two stage chemical and enzymatic process. variations in morphology, crystallinity and thermal properties following chemical treatment were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. degree of deacetylation of the substrates was determined using ft-ir and elemental analysis. the pretreatment of substrat ...201323768582
characterization of a novel swollenin from penicillium oxalicum in facilitating enzymatic saccharification of cellulose.plant expansins and fungal swollenin that can disrupt crystalline cellulose have great potential for applications in conversion of biomass. recent studies have been mainly focused on trichoderma reesei swollenin that show relatively low activity in the promotion of cellulosic hydrolysis. our aim was to isolate a novel swollenin with greater disruptive activity, to establish an efficient way of producing recombinant swollenin, and to optimize the procedure using swollenin in facilitation of cellu ...201323688024
enhancement of supercritical co2 inactivation of spores of penicillium oxalicum by ethanol cosolvent.the inactivation of spores of penicillium oxalicum by supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co2) was optimized by response surface methodology. the optimal inactivation conditions of 16.8 mpa, 49°c, and 20 min were determined using ridge analysis, at which the predicted and experimental log10 reductions were obtained as 5.74 and 6.12, respectively. the synergistic effect of a cosolvent (ethanol), which was used to modify sc-co2, on the inactivation of the fungal spores was investigated. at less sever ...201323676914
molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an acid-stable endoxylanase gene from penicillium oxalicum in trichoderma reesei.an endoxylanase gene (poxyna) that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 11 was cloned from a xylanolytic strain, penicillium oxalicum b3-11(2). poxyna was overexpressed in trichoderma reesei qm9414 by using a constitutive strong promoter of the encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc). the high extracellular xylanase activities in the fermentation liquid of the transformants were maintained 29~35-fold higher compared with the wild strain. the recombinant poxyna was purified to homogeneity ...201323412069
novel decaturin alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum.from the mycelia of penicillium oxalicum two new compounds, decaturins e (1) and f (2), have been isolated, along with four known analogues, decaturin a (3), decaturin c (4), decaturin d (5), and oxalicine b (6). the structures were determined by hr-esi-ms and 1d and 2d nmr analysis.201324354183
antifungal coatings based on ca(oh)2 mixed with zno/tio2 nanomaterials for protection of limestone monuments.the presence and deteriorating action of microbial biofilms on historic stone buildings have received considerable attention in the past few years. among microorganisms, fungi are one of the most damaging groups. in the present work, antimicrobial surfaces were prepared using suspensions of ca(oh)2 particles, mixed with zno or tio2 nanoparticles. the antimicrobial surfaces were evaluated for their antifungal activity both in the dark and under simulated natural photoperiod cycles, using penicill ...201323347459
penicillium oxalicum reduces the number of cysts and juveniles of potato cyst nematodes.to test the biocontrol potential of penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent against fungal diseases and against the potato cyst nematodes (pcns), globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis.201323560806
cloning and expression of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase in escherichia coli dh5α improves phosphate solubilization.a primary cdna library of penicillium oxalicum i1 was constructed using the switching mechanism at the 5' end of the rna transcript (smart) technique. a total of 106 clones showed halos in tricalcium phosphate (tcp) medium, and clone i-40 showed clear halos. the full-length cdna of clone i-40 was 1355 bp with a complete open reading frame (orf) of 1032 bp, encoding a protein of 343 amino acids. multiple alignment analysis revealed a high degree of homology between the orf of clone i-40 and delta ...201425345824
an evaluation of the proteolytic and lipolytic potential of penicillium spp. isolated from traditional greek sausages in submerged fermentation.a number of novel penicillium strains belonging to penicillium nalgiovense, penicillium solitum, penicillium commune, penicillium olsonii, and penicillium oxalicum species, isolated from the surface of traditional greek sausages, were evaluated for their proteolytic and lipolytic potential in a solid substrate first and next in submerged fermentations, using complex media. extracellular proteolytic activity was assessed at acid, neutral, and alkaline ph, while the lipolytic activity was assessed ...201424122629
voriconazole-resistant penicillium oxalicum: an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised hosts.penicillium species are rarely reported agents of infections in immunocompromised patients. we report 3 cases of invasive mycosis caused by voriconazole-resistant penicillium oxalicum in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while on voriconazole therapy. penicillium oxalicum has not been previously recognized as a cause of invasive mycoses.201425734109
insights into high-efficiency lignocellulolytic enzyme production by penicillium oxalicum gz-2 induced by a complex substrate.agricultural residue is more efficient than purified cellulose at inducing lignocellulolytic enzyme production in penicillium oxalicum gz-2, but in trichoderma reesei rut-c30, cellulose induces a more efficient response. to understand the reasons, we designed an artificially simulated plant biomass (cellulose plus xylan) to study the roles and relationships of each component in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by p. oxalicum gz-2.201425419234
transformation of inorganic p fractions of soil and plant growth promotion by phosphate-solubilizing ability of penicillium oxalicum i1.the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate is often considered as the standard for screening of most phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (psms). however, usually the effect of large-scale application of psm on the promotion of crop growth varies. this study presents an efficient method for screening and testing phosphate-solubilizing fungus that enhance plant growth. a fungus penicillium oxalicum i1 (p-i1) was isolated and identified that had high ability of phosphate-solubilization and could ...201425363630
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