Publications

on a collection of helminths from thomson's gazelle, gazella thomsoni, from tanganyika.		1955	13306936
a comparison of sweat gland activity in eight species of east african bovids.	1. the pattern and control of the sweat glands of eight species of wild bovids has been studied.2. heat exposure resulted in changes in cutaneous moisture loss which showed considerable species variation. duiker, grant's gazelle, thomson's gazelle and oryx all demonstrated periodic discharges of moisture on to the surface of the skin. defassa waterbuck and eland exhibited discharges which were accompanied by a gradual rise in basal level. buffalo showed an immediate large increase which was sust ...	1969	5821863
exposure of thomson's gazelle to experimental infection with cysticercus bovis.		1972	5014722
nutrition and reproduction of grant's and thomson's gazelles, coke's hartebeest and giraffe in kenya.		1973	4522381
round-the-clock activity of thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni günther 1884) in the serengeti national park.		1973	4791759
observations on the histomorphology of sarcosporidian cysts of some east african game animals (artiodactyla).	the histomorphology of formalin-fixed micro and macrosarcosporidian cysts of grant's, thomson's gazelle, impala, wildebeest, bubal hartebeest, cape eland, red duiker, kirk's dik-dik, defassa waterbuck, bohor reedbuck, african buffalo, giraffe, warthog, and giant forest hog is described. the wall of microsarcosporidian cysts is smooth and without villi or with villi. the villi are solid or of honeycomb-like structure on tangential sections. in some animals, microsarcosporidian cysts of almost the ...	1975	807047
the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine petechial fever.	after experimental inoculation of cytoecetes ondiri, the agent of bovine petechial fever (bpf), multiplication occurred in impala, bushbuck, thomson's gazelles and wildebeest, as shown by infectivity studies and clinical findings. similar attempts to infect one eland failed. as a sequel to this, blood and spleen samples were collected from four species of wild ruminants in an area where bptf was endemic. isolations of c. ondiri were made from three of five bushbuck, but not from any other specie ...	1975	1054728
nutritional studies on east african herbivores. 2. losses of nitrogen in the faeces.	1. a series of nitrogen-balance trials was done using groups of four animals of various species of wild and domesticated ruminants using pelleted diets (arman & hopcraft, 1975). 2. various herbivores were given grass or grass hays, legumes, herbs and shrubs. food and faecal samples were analysed for n. 3. with the pelleted diets, the n content of the faecal dry matter (dm) was low for eland (taurotragus oryx pallas), high for sheep and cattle (bos taurus and bos indicus) and intermediate for the ...	1975	1115763
nutritional studies on east african herbivores. 1. digestibilities of dry matter , crude fibre and crude protein in antelope, cattle and sheep.	1. a series of digestibility trials was done using four animals of each of the following species: friesian cattle (bos taurus), boran zebu cattle (bos indicus), corriedale sheep, fat-tailed sheep, eland (taurotragus oryx pallas), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei günther), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii günther) and bush duiker (sylvicapra grimmia l.). 2. two batches of pelleted food were prepared from ground maize cobs, cassava, whs (a-e) were prepared containing 65 (a)-135 ( ...	1975	1172929
serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy flow by grazing.	dense concentrations of migratory wildebeest leaving the serengeti plains in late may 1974 reduced green plant biomass by almost 400 grams per square meter, 85 percent of the initial standing crop. however, this grazing prevented senescence and stimulated net primary productivity of the grasslands. thomson's gazelles leaving the plains a month later were significantly associated with areas previously grazed by wildebeest, and this association was still evident at the end of the dry season, 6 mon ...	1976	17834943
forms of aggression in thomson's gazelle; their situational motivation and their relative frequency in different sex, age, and social classes.	forms of aggression, their situational motivations and frequencies in thomson's gazelle were investigated to elucidate the multiple functions of aggressive behavior as well as quantitative differences in encounters with opponents of different sex, age, and social classes. the study was conducted in the serengeti national park (tanzania) where the gazelle population is estimated to total 600 000. within three years, 4016 agonistic encounters were recorded and analyzed. besides the confirmation of ...	1978	567909
serengeti ungulates: feeding selectivity influences the effectiveness of plant defense guilds.	association of themeda triandra, a palatable grass species, with less palatable plants protected it from grazing by two comparatively unselective herbivores, wildebeest and african buffalo. grazing on t. triandra by two more selective herbivores, thomson's gazelle and zebra, was not related to the relative abundance of less palatable plants. the differential effectiveness of plant defense guilds against different ungulates may contribute to the high species diversity of the east african grazer f ...	1978	17836297
rotavirus (reovirus-like) infection of neonatal ruminants in a zoo nursery.	an outbreak of a pneumoenteric disease occurred in neonates in a zoo nursery. four of seven affected animals died. rotaviruses were observed in the feces of an affected 4-day old impala (aepyceros melampus), a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii) and an addax (addax nasomaculatus). encapsulated escherichia coli also were isolated from the feces. the recovered rotaviruses was antigenically related to bovine rotavirus. a bovine rotavirus vaccine was given orally and no adverse effects were noted.	1978	211273
the prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (mycoplasma strain f38) in some wild herbivores and camels in kenya.	sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to mycoplasma strain f38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) in kenya. antibodies were found in buffalo (syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (aepyceros melampus) (10%) and camels (camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), eland (taurotragus oryx), grant's gazelle (gazella granti), kongoni (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (oryx beisa), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (kobu ...	1978	691121
experimental transmission of gastro-intestinal nematodes between sheep (ovis aries) and thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsonii).	experimental cross-transmission of gastro-intestinal nematodes between merino sheep (ovis aries) and thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsonii) from similar but separate grazing habitats in kenya was studied. cross-transmission did occur with some species but the faecal egg counts of sheep were higher than the gazelles' following infection with larvae isolated from either sheep or gazelles. of the 11 gastro-intestinal nematodes which became established in gazelles following infection with larvae cul ...	1979	501844
primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from bovidae. impala, thomson's gazelle, nilgai and water buffalo.	the amino acid sequences of the pancreatic ribonucleases from impala thomson's gazelle, nilgai and two types of water buffalo were studied from several enzymic digests. peptides were positioned by homology with other ribonucleases of known sequence. only peptides that differ in amino acid composition from the corresponding peptides of ox and goat ribonuclease were sequenced. the primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from 11 species of the bovidae family are known to date. the evolutiona ...	1980	7353035
does competition or facilitation regulate migrant ungulate populations in the serengeti? a test of hypotheses.	interspecific competition and facilitation have both been proposed as processes promoting species separation and co-existence in african ungulates. in one group of grazers on the serengeti plains, comprising wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus), zebra (equus burchelli), and thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni), these processes have also been suggested to regulate the populations. censuses of these populations over 20 years have shown changes that allow a test of which, if either, process regulates ...	1982	28311742
mycoplasmosis in a thomson's gazelle.		1986	3727318
the decline of the serengeti thomson's gazelle population.	the population of thomson's gazelles in the serengeti national park, tanzania has declined by almost two thirds over a 13 year period. in the early 1970s, numbers stood at 0.66 million animals but had decreased to less than 0.25 million animals in 1985 as estimated by 5 different censuses using two different counting techniques. predation, interspecific competition and disease are all factors that could have contributed to this decline, and at least one of these factors, predation, could now pre ...	1987	28311402
does competition regulate ungulate populations? further evidence from serengeti, tanzania.	changes in populations of several ungulate species in the serengeti-mara region of east africa over the past 30 years suggest several hypotheses for their regulation and coexistence. recent censuses in the 1980s have allowed us to test the hypotheses that: (1) there was competition between wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni). this predicted that gazelle numbers should have declined in the 1980s when wildebeest were food limited. census figures show no chan ...	1990	28312676
cooperioides antidorca from intestinal nodules in gazella thomsoni and g. granti in kenya.	examination of nodules from the intestine of gazella thomsoni and g. granti in kenya revealed the presence of the trichostrongylid nematode cooperioides antidorca. nodules from the two hosts were histologically similar and took the form of chronic inflammatory lesions extending through the wall of the gut from the submucosa into the muscular layers. there was some necrosis around the parasite located in the centre of the nodule, a varying population of inflammatory cells and a varying degree of ...	1992	1469125
haematological reference values for east african wild ungulates.	basic haematological values were obtained in the field from shot, clinically normal, wild east african ungulates. the species studied were: thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), grant's gazelle (gazella grantii), blue wildebeest (conochaetes taurinus), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), impala (aepyceros melampus) and burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). red cell parameters compared well with previous reports although the mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were higher. the white ...	1993	8460271
chromosomal evolution in gazelles.	the chromosomes of nine gazelle species and two other antilopinae species (antidorcas marsupialis and antilope cervicapra) were prepared from fibroblast cultures. g- and c-band karyotypes were constructed, and when possible, autosomal arms were numbered according to the cattle standard karyotype. diploid chromosome numbers ranged from 30 to 58. based on band similarity, chromosome-arm homoeologies were extensive, whereas shared homoeologous biarmed chromosomes were rare. therefore evolution in t ...	1995	7608514
gazelle herpesvirus 1: a new neurotropic herpesvirus immunologically related to equine herpesvirus 1.	a herpesvirus was isolated from thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni) kept at a zoological garden in japan during an outbreak of epizootic acute encephalitis. the virus, gazelle herpesvirus 1 (ghv-1), was serologically related to equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). however, dna fingerprints of ghv-1 were different from those of ehv-1 and other equine herpesviruses. southern hybridization with probes of cloned bamhi fragments derived from ul and us segments of ehv-1 revealed differences in the dna restr ...	1997	9015181
neuropathological study of gazelle herpesvirus 1 (equine herpesvirus 9) infection in thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni).	gazelle herpesvirus (ghv-1), correctly designated as equine herpesvirus 9, is a new type of equine herpesvirus immunologically related to equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). as a sequel to a virological study, the neuropathology of encephalitis caused by ghv-1 in thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) was examined. seven gazelles died with or without neurological symptoms between early september and mid-october in 1993. no gross abnormalities were observed at necropsy, but all animals had non-suppurati ...	1998	9749360
phylogenetic relationships in the bovid subfamily antilopinae based on mitochondrial dna sequences.	a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily antilopinae was determined using the two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase iii. the tribe antilopini is monophyletic with antidorcas marsupialis and litocranius walleri basal to the large genus gazella. antilope cervicapra falls within gazella. this placement would either make gazella paraphyletic or require that the genus name gazella be changed to antilope. gazella thomsonii is supported as a subspecies of g. rufifrons. ...	1999	10381312
pathogenicity of a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus 9 (gazelle herpesvirus 1) in horses.	pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus 9 (ehv-9), a new type of equine herpesvirus isolated from gazella thomsoni, in horses was investigated by intranasal inoculation of ehv-9 (10(7) pfu) to two conventionally reared 8-months old half-bred weanling horses. fever higher than 39 degrees c was recorded. virus was recovered from nasal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. both horses developed neutralizing antibody to ehv-9. perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and glial reaction wer ...	2000	10720196
sarcocystis infections in gazelles at the king khalid wildlife research centre, saudi arabia.	the prevalence of sarcocystis species in muscle samples from gazelles kept as breeding groups at the king khalid wildlife research centre, saudi arabia, was determined by fibreoptic examination, pepsin digestion and histological techniques. no macroscopic sarcocysts were detected by fibreoptic examination, and the overall prevalence of sarcocystis was 66 x 7 per cent by pepsin digestion, and 39 x 9 per cent by histological examination. by digestion, the tongue contained the highest density of br ...	2000	10731071
how low can we get? tonometry in the thomson gazelle (gazella thomsoni).	to establish a normal reference range of intraocular pressure estimates in thomson gazelles (gazella thomsoni).	2000	10782631
intraocular pressure and tear production in captive eland and fallow deer.	applanation tonometry was used to estimate intraocular pressure (iop) and schirmer tear test (stt) i was used to estimate tear production in both eyes of 12 juvenile elands (taurotragus oryx) and one eye each of 15 asian fallow deer (dama mesopotamica). mean (+/- standard deviation) iop was 14.6 +/- 4.0 mm hg in the eland and 11.9 +/- 3.3 mm hg in the deer. mean tear production was 18.7 +/- 5.9 mm/min in the eland and 10.5 +/- 6.5 mm/min in the deer. the large variation in iop between two member ...	2001	11310895
cardiopulmonary assessment of medetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol anesthesia in captive thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni).	this investigation evaluated the cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol anesthesia in captive juvenile thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni). butorphanol was incorporated to reduce the dose of medetomidine necessary for immobilization and minimize medetomidine-induced adverse cardiovascular side effects. medetomidine 40.1 +/- 3.6 microg/kg, ketamine 4.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg, and butorphanol 0.40 +/- 0.04 mg/kg were administered intramuscularly by hand injection to nine gazel ...	2001	12790416
influence of diet on the rumen protozoal fauna of indigenous african wild ruminants.	a study was carried out to determine if the protozoal fauna of indigenous african wild ruminants was different from that found in their domestic counterparts and if the animal's diet influenced the number and types of protozoa. samples of rumen contents were collected in 1997 and 2001 from various indigenous african wild ruminants in kenya. all three ruminant feeding types were sampled: browsers or concentrate selectors (giraffe and guenther's dik-dik); intermediate or adaptable mixed feeders (i ...	2003	12836880
interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids.	in this study, i explored the interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism in wild bovids by examining temporal patterns of nematode faecal egg shedding in species with different diet types during a drought and non-drought year. study species included three grass and roughage feeders (buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck), four mixed or intermediate feeders (eland, grant's gazelle, impala, thomson's gazelle) and two concentrate selectors (dik-dik, klipspringer). six ...	2004	15013743
the development of the refractive state in the newborn thomson gazelle.	changes in refractive error during the first 3 months of life were studied retinoscopically in six thomson gazelles ( gazella thomsoni). animals were hand-raised to allow repeat testing over time without chemical restraint. refraction results were correlated with ultrasound measurements of intraocular dimensions, and with values in adult gazelles. gazelles are born hyperopic with a mean refractive error of 3.44+/-0.31 d. by day 50, the animals are virtually emmetropic (0.13+/-0.21 d) and remain ...	2004	15309483
antibodies against equine herpesviruses and equine arteritis virus in burchell's zebras (equus burchelli ) from the serengeti ecosystem.	a total of 51 sera from a migratory population of burchell's zebras (equus burchelli) were collected in the serengeti national park (tanzania) between 1999 and 2001 to assess levels of exposure to equine herpesvirus types 1, 2, 4, 9 (ehv-1, -2, -4, -9), ehv-1 zebra isolate t965, and equine arteritis virus (eav). using virus-specific neutralizing antibody tests, seroprevalence was high for ehv-9 (60% of 45), moderate for eav (24% of 51), and lower for the ehv-1-related zebra isolate (17% of 41), ...	2005	15827213
comparative tick counts on game, cattle and sheep on a working game ranch in kenya.	the main objective of the study was to determine the possible influence of host species on the maintenance of ticks in the field by determining the relative contribution of game animals compared to domestic animals. the study was carried out on a game ranch 32 km south-east of nairobi. tick counts were carried out on 30 zebu cattle (bos indicus) aged 1 to 3 years and 20 red maasai sheep (ovis aries) aged 6 months to 1 year grazing with game animals in a common area for a period of 2 years and th ...	2006	17405627
bone marrow hypoplasia secondary to florfenicol toxicity in a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii).		2006	16846470
genetic relatedness and pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from onager, zebra and gazelle.	equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from an onager in 1985, a zebra in 1986 and a thomson's gazelle in 1996 in usa. the genetic relatedness and pathogenicity of these three viruses were investigated based on the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein g (gg) gene, experimental infection in hamsters, and comparison with horse isolates. the gg gene sequences of ehv-1 from onager and zebra were identical. the gg gene sequences of the gazelle isolate showed 99.5% identity to those of onager and zebra ...	2007	17051419
effects of dehydration and heat stress on food intake and dry matter digestibility in east african ruminants.	comparative investigations were made between wild and domestic ruminants from arid and semi-arid regions and those species from non-arid areas in an attempt to evaluate the adaptations of these ruminants in terms of the effects of heat stress and dehydration on food intake and digestibility. the effect of (a) an intermittent heat load (a daily light cycle of 12 h at 22 degrees c and 12 h at 40 degrees c) compared to 22 degrees c throughout the day and (b) dehydration level of 15% weight loss, wi ...	2008	18644247
molecular phylogeny of equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from onager, zebra and thomson's gazelle.	viruses related to equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) were isolated from an aborted fetus of an onager (equus hemionus) in 1984, an aborted fetus of grevy's zebra (equus grevyi) in 1984 and a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni) with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1996, all in the usa. the mother of the onager fetus and the gazelle were kept near plains zebras (equus burchelli). in phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of the genes for glycoproteins b (gb), i (gi), and e (ge), and ...	2008	19002555
detection of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife and domestic species in wildlife-livestock interface areas of kenya by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the seroprevalence of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife (eland, blue wildebeest, kongoni, impala, thomson's gazelle, grant's gazelle, giraffe and plains zebra) and domestic animal (cattle, sheep and goat) populations was studied in wildlife/livestock interface areas of kenya. serum samples were analyzed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa), using a recombinant antigen (msp-5) from anaplasma marginale surface membrane. a monoclonal antibody, fc-16, was used as the ...	2008	19040134
detection of equid herpesvirus 9 dna in the trigeminal ganglia of a burchell's zebra from the serengeti ecosystem.	equid herpesvirus 9 (ehv-9) was isolated from a herd of thomson's gazelles affected by encephalitis. the natural host of ehv-9 is unknown, but zebras are suspected to be the source of infection in gazelles. to prove this hypothesis, we analyzed 43 sera from burchell's zebras (equus burchelli) and 21 thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) from the serengeti ecosystem for neutralizing antibodies. seven zebra sera were positive for ehv-1, ehv-9 and ehv-1 from grevy's zebra strains t965 and t616. the ...	2008	19122410
sequence analysis of the prion protein gene in mongolian gazelles (procapra gutturosa).	prion diseases are a group of human and animal neurodegenerative conditions, which are caused by the deposition of an abnormal isoform prion protein (prpsc) encoded by a single copy prion protein gene (prnp). in sheep, genetic variations of prnp were found to be associated with the incubation period, susceptibility, and species barrier to the scrapie disease. we investigated the sequence and polymorphisms of the prion protein gene of mongolian gazelles (gprnp). gprnp gene sequence analysis of bl ...	2009	19579063
[occurrence of giardia species and genotypes in humans and animals in wielkopolska region, poland].	giardia is the most common intestinal protozoan parasite found in humans and animals worldwide. although it has been known for three hundred years, the nomenclature, taxonomy, host specificity, and pathogenicity of giardia still arouse numerous controversies and ambiguities. giardia is classified into six species, that are characterised by various ranges of hosts. the most dubious species is g. intestinalis, which includes a dozen or so genotypes, and only two of them (genotype a and b) have wid ...	2009	20209826
fatal epizootic equine herpesvirus 1 infections in new and unnatural hosts.	in a zoological collection, four black bears (ursus americanus) died from neurological disease within six months. independently in a geographically different zoo, two thomson's gazelles (eudorcas thomsoni) and 18 guinea pigs (cavia porcellus f. dom.) suffered from neurological disorders. in addition, guinea pigs showed abortions and stillbirths. all affected animals displayed a non suppurative meningoencephalitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies. immunohistology demonstrated equine herpes viru ...	2010	21167662
intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in the hepatocytes of an antelope.	this case report describes intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in the hepatocytes of a 13-year-old female thomson's gazelle. histologically, multifocal to coalescing areas of many hepatocytes contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles filled with pale eosinophilic homogeneous material and rare fine basophilic granules. von kossa staining showed the presence of calcium within cytoplasm, mainly in the inclusions, of hepatocytes. transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy ...	2010	21234409
body size and the division of niche space: food and predation differentially shape the distribution of serengeti grazers.	1. theory predicts that small grazers are regulated by the digestive quality of grass, while large grazers extract sufficient nutrients from low-quality forage and are regulated by its abundance instead. in addition, predation potentially affects populations of small grazers more than large grazers, because predators have difficulty capturing and handling large prey. 2. we analyse the spatial distribution of five grazer species of different body size in relation to gradients of food availability ...	2011	21801174
the curse of the prey: sarcoptes mite molecular analysis reveals potential prey-to-predator parasitic infestation in wild animals from masai mara, kenya.	recently, there have been attempts to understand the molecular epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei, to evaluate the gene flow between isolates of s. scabiei from different hosts and geographic regions. however, to our knowledge, a molecular study has not been carried out to assess the molecular diversity and gene flow of sarcoptes mite in a predator/prey ecosystem.	2011	21978557
knowledge of mange among masai pastoralists in kenya.	pastoralists in low-income countries usually live in close proximity to their animals and thus represent an important repository of information about livestock disease. since wild and domestic animals often mix freely whilst grazing, pastoralists are also able to observe first-hand the diseases that are present in wildlife and as such are key informants in disease outbreaks in sylvatic animals. we report here the findings of the first study of the knowledge and role of masai pastoralists in mang ...	2012	22912858
sarcoptic mange and cheetah conservation in masai mara (kenya): epidemiological study in a wildlife/livestock system.	the sanitary control of threatened wild animals is of pivotal interest for their conservation. this task, however, is highly complex in wildlife/livestock systems. in this paper we report findings from a 2-year cross-sectional study of the epidemiology and attempted control of a sarcoptes mite infestation in the threatened cheetah population in masai mara (kenya), and discuss its interaction with sympatric wild (lion, wildebeest and thomson's gazelle) and domestic (dog, cattle and sheep) animals ...	2012	23036718
complete genome sequence of equine herpesvirus type 9.	equine herpesvirus type 9 (ehv-9), which we isolated from a case of epizootic encephalitis in a herd of thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) in 1993, has been known to cause fatal encephalitis in thomson's gazelle, giraffe, and polar bear in natural infections. our previous report indicated that ehv-9 was similar to the equine pathogen equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1), which mainly causes abortion, respiratory infection, and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy. we determined the genome sequ ...	2012	23166237
full genome sequences of zebra-borne equine herpesvirus type 1 isolated from zebra, onager and thomson's gazelle.	a strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was isolated from zebra. this strain, called "zebra-borne ehv-1", was also isolated from an onager and a gazelle in zoological gardens in u.s.a. the full genome sequences of the 3 strains were determined. they shared 99% identities with each other, while they shared 98% and 95% identities with the horse derived ehv-1 and equine herpesvirus type 9, respectively. sequence data indicated that the ehv-1 isolated from a polar bear in germany is one of the ...	2014	24920546
axenic in vitro culture and molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis from red deer (cervus elaphus) and thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii).	giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous flagellate that infects humans and many species of animals. this species exhibits great biotypic and genetic diversity. in the present study, we established short- and long-term in vitro cultures of g. duodenalis trophozoites originating from red deer and thomson's gazelle (artiodactyls) and genetically characterised the isolates by their glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase gene sequences. the g. duodenalis isolates from red deer and the gaz ...	2014	25236290
quantifying heterogeneity in host-vector contact: tsetse (glossina swynnertoni and g. pallidipes) host choice in serengeti national park, tanzania.	identifying hosts of blood-feeding insect vectors is crucial in understanding their role in disease transmission. rhodesian human african trypanosomiasis (rhat), also known as acute sleeping sickness is caused by trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and transmitted by tsetse flies. the disease is commonly associated with wilderness areas of east and southern africa. such areas hold a diverse range of species which form communities of hosts for disease maintenance. the relative importance of different ...	2016	27706167
prevalence of salmonella enterica and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in zoo animals from chile.	salmonella (s.) enterica and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) are foodborne pathogens. here, we report the prevalence of s. enterica and stec in feces of 316 zoo animals belonging to 61 species from chile. s. enterica and stec strains were detected in 7.5% and 4.4% of animals, respectively. all salmonella isolates corresponded to the serotype enteritidis. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of s. enteritidis in the culpeo fox (lycalopex culpaeus), black-capped cap ...	2016	27030195
extreme wildlife declines and concurrent increase in livestock numbers in kenya: what are the causes?	there is growing evidence of escalating wildlife losses worldwide. extreme wildlife losses have recently been documented for large parts of africa, including western, central and eastern africa. here, we report extreme declines in wildlife and contemporaneous increase in livestock numbers in kenya rangelands between 1977 and 2016. our analysis uses systematic aerial monitoring survey data collected in rangelands that collectively cover 88% of kenya's land surface. our results show that wildlife ...	2016	27676077
a serologic and polymerase chain reaction survey of equine herpesvirus in burchell's zebras (equus quagga), hartmann's mountain zebras (equus zebra hartmannae), and thomson's gazelles (eudorcas thomsonii) in a mixed species savannah exhibit.	reports of equine herpesvirus (ehv) 1 and ehv-9 causing clinical disease in a wide range of species have been well documented in the literature. it is thought that zebras are the natural hosts of ehv-9 both in the wild and in captive collections. concerns about potential interspecies transmission of ehv-1 and ehv-9 in a mixed species savannah exhibit prompted serologic and polymerase chain reaction surveys. eighteen burchell's zebras ( equus quagga ), 11 hartmann's mountain zebras ( equus zebra ...	2016	28080902
retrospective evaluation of histopathologic findings in captive gazelle species.	capturing disease trends among different species has indisputable value to both veterinary clinicians and zoo managers for improving the welfare and management of zoo species. the causes of mortality for eight species of gazelle (addra gazelle, nanger dama; dorcas gazelle, gazella dorcas; grant's gazelle, nanger granti; sand gazelle, gazella leptoceros; saudi goitered gazelle, gazella subgutturosa; soemmerring's gazelle, nanger soemmerringii; thomson's gazelle, eudorcas thomsonii; and speke's ga ...	2016	27010271
wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya.	wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ...	2017	28103269
zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a thomson's gazelle ( eudorcas thomsonii).	we describe the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of a case of meningoencephalitis in a thomson's gazelle ( eudorcas thomsonii) naturally infected with zebra-borne equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) and the implications for the molecular detection of zebra-borne ehv-1. a 4-y-old female thomson's gazelle was submitted for postmortem examination; no gross abnormalities were noted except for meningeal congestion. microscopic evaluation demonstrated multifocal nonsuppurative meni ...	2017	28425387
a 'dynamic' landscape of fear: prey responses to spatiotemporal variations in predation risk across the lunar cycle.	ambiguous empirical support for 'landscapes of fear' in natural systems may stem from failure to consider dynamic temporal changes in predation risk. the lunar cycle dramatically alters night-time visibility, with low luminosity increasing hunting success of african lions. we used camera-trap data from serengeti national park to examine nocturnal anti-predator behaviours of four herbivore species. interactions between predictable fluctuations in night-time luminosity and the underlying risk-reso ...	2017	28901034
identifying drivers of spatial variation in occupancy with limited replication camera trap data.	occupancy models are widely used in camera trap studies to analyze species presence, abundance, and geographic distribution, among other important ecological quantities. these models account for imperfect detection using a latent variable to distinguish between true presence/absence and observed detection of a species. under certain experimental setups, parameter estimation in a latent variable framework can be challenging. several studies have issued guidelines on the number of independent repl ...	2018	29901234
fitness trade-offs of group formation and movement by thomson's gazelles in the serengeti ecosystem.	collective behaviours contributing to patterns of group formation and coordinated movement are common across many ecosystems and taxa. their ubiquity is presumably due to altering interactions between individuals and their predators, resources and physical environment in ways that enhance individual fitness. on the other hand, fitness costs are also often associated with group formation. modifications to these interactions have the potential to dramatically impact population-level processes, suc ...	2018	29581398
histopathologic characteristics of thyroid gland neoplasms in thomson's gazelles ( eudorcus thomsonii).	published reports of neoplasms in thomson's gazelles ( eudorcas thomsonii) are very rare, but thyroid tumors were the most common neoplasm of this species, accounting for 12% of reported pathologies in a 1998-2012 retrospective study of cases submitted for histologic review of grossly enlarged thyroid glands. this report describes the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of thyroid neoplasms in 10 thomson's gazelles from five different zoological collections. neoplasms were submi ...	2018	29517438
land use, redd+ and the status of wildlife populations in yaeda valley, northern tanzania.	redd+ projects primarily focus on reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. these projects are regularly evaluated against their core objective of conserving carbon stocks, but their contribution to biodiversity conservation has rarely been assessed. to assess the conservation value of the area and the relative performance of a redd+ land use plan in yaeda valley, a semi-arid savannah ecosystem in northern tanzania, we implemented an annual wild ...	2019	30947305
infection dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths in sympatric non-human primates, livestock and wild ruminants in kenya.	gastrointestinal parasites are neglected infections, yet they cause significant burden to animal and human health globally. to date, most studies of gastrointestinal parasites focus on host-parasite systems that involve either a single parasite or a host species. however, when hosts share habitat and resources, they may also cross-transmit generalist gastrointestinal parasites. here we explore multi-host-parasite interactions in a single ecosystem to understand the infection patterns, especially ...	2019	31181093
long-term historical and projected herbivore population dynamics in ngorongoro crater, tanzania.	the ngorongoro crater is an intact caldera with an area of approximately 310 km2 located within the ngorongoro conservation area (nca) in northern tanzania. it is known for the abundance and diversity of its wildlife and is a unesco world heritage site and an international biosphere reserve. long term records (1963-2012) on herbivore populations, vegetation and rainfall made it possible to analyze historic and project future herbivore population dynamics. nca was established as a multiple use ar ...	2020	32155150
long-term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area.	facilitating coexistence between people and wildlife is a major conservation challenge in east africa. some conservation models aim to balance the needs of people and wildlife, but the effectiveness of these models is rarely assessed. using a case-study approach, we assessed the ecological performance of a pastoral area in northern tanzania (manyara ranch) and established a long-term wildlife population monitoring program (carried out intermittently from 2003 to 2008 and regularly from 2011 to 2 ...	2020	33005359
peste des petits ruminants virus infection at the wildlife-livestock interface in the greater serengeti ecosystem, 2015-2019.	peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in africa, the middle east and asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to ppr virus (pprv) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. the role of wild species in pprv epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the global strategy for the control and eradication of ppr. these studies aimed to investigate pprv inf ...	2021	34066336