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studies on the bovine filariid setaria cervi (rudolphi, 1819). 195514370830
[serological studies on animal & human filariasis with antigens from dirofilaria immitis & setaria cervi]. 195613443396
physiological studies on nematodes--setaria cervi. i. carbohydrate metabolism. 196113732423
the skin test in filariasis using setaria cervi. 196114492127
studies on setaria cervi (nematoda: filarioidea) i. morphology of the microfilaria. 196314083699
studies on setaria cervi (nematoda: filarioidea).ii. its peritoneal transplant and periodicity of the microfilariae in white rats. 196414208914
setaria cervi, a test organism for screening antifilarial agents. 19694388089
an in vivo method for the screening of antifilarial agents using setaria cervi as test organism. 19724538408
secondary antifilarial screening in dogs using setaria cervi as test organism. 19724539791
[setaria cervi (rud., 1819) filaria from altaĭ deer]. 19725086341
studies on the use of setaria cervi for in vitro antifilarial screening. 19734544692
lipid composition of the filarial parasite setaria cervi. 19734744527
setaria cervi: enzymes of glycolysis and pep-succinate pathway.setaria cervi, the filarial parasite inhabiting the indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis linn.) contained almost all the enzymes involved in glycogen degradation. significant activities of glycogen phosphorylase, glucokinase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, fdp-aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were detected ...1977860572
effect of drugs on the nerve-muscle complex of setaria cervi. 197723357
acetylcholine: a possible neurotransmitter in setaria cervi.the total and free acetylcholine (ach) and cholinesterase (che) content of adult setaria cervi were estimated. the ach was estimated by bioassay on rectus abdominis muscle of frog and the che by measuring the drop in ph following incubation of worm homogenate with ach chloride. the free and total ach contents (4.0 +/- 0.57 and 6.0 +/- 0.48 microgram/g wet weight of worms respectively) were as high as found in mammalian brain cortex. the cholinesterase activity was found to be 5.57 +/- 0.6 units/ ...197828290
effect of diethylcarbamazine on setaria cervi in vitro.diethylcarbamazine (dec) produced an initial stimulation followed by depression of the movements of the intact worm and nerve-muscle preparation of setaria cervi. the effective concentration of dec was reduced to one hundredth in the nerve-muscle preparation as compared to the whole worm, suggesting that the cuticular barrier is highly effective in preventing the penetration of the drugs. the depressant effect of dec was concentration dependent and was not reversed even after repeated changes of ...1978680945
biochemical composition of microfiliarial and adult stages of setaria cervi.the microfilariae and adults of setaria cervi, a filarial parasite of indian water-buffalo (bubalus bubalis linn.) and of other ruminants were analysed for various biochemical constituents. both stages of the parasite were rich in protein, carbohydrate, and lipids while nucleic acids were detectable in only small amounts. microfilariae and adults contained 10 and 25% dry matter, 57.4 and 63.0% protein, 8.9 and 14.8% carbohydrate, and 12.8 and 9.2% lipid, respectively. reducing sugars accounted f ...19807395308
anthelmintic studies on setaria cervi: histochemical alterations in glucose-6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and malic dehydrogenase. 19826320612
setaria cervi: enzymes in microfilariae and in vitro action of antifilarials.microfilariae of bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi are equipped with the enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate and pep-succinate pathways and thus resemble the adult form in its metabolic pattern. malate dehydrogenase was the most active enzyme in microfilariae followed by lactic dehydrogenase and fumarase, while phosphoglucoisomerase, pep-carboxykinase and fdp-aldolase were comparatively less active. the very low ratio of pk/pepck in s. cervi microfilariae indicates active fixation of c ...19827157943
immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi antigens.an elisa was developed using cross-reacting antigens of litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi to detect antibodies in filarial patients. the diagnostic potential of the test was investigated in 80 symptomatic cases of filariasis, 40 asymptomatic carriers and 50 normal subjects of an area around lucknow endemic for bancroftian filariasis. by the criteria laid down for elisa positivity for filariasis, 86.2% of the symptomatic cases could be detected by this test. only four of 40 asymptomatic carr ...19836356499
effect of anthelmintics on the enzyme activities of setaria cervi (nematoda: filarioidea).the present study deals with the comparative efficacy of hetrazan, levamisole and tetramisole on the enzyme activities of adult setaria cervi worms. the drugs were administered orally to white rats, intraperitoneally infected with the bovine filariid, setaria cervi. biochemical assays revealed the decreased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase in the drug-treated worms. hetrazan was relatively more effective than tetr ...19836614575
transcuticular uptake of methyl glucose by setaria cervi. 19836667981
osmoregulation in a parasitic nematode, setaria cervi.studies on osmotic and ionic regulation in setaria cervi indicate that it can osmoregulate in hypertonic solutions but not in hypotonic solutions. the depression of the freezing point (delta degrees c) of host's peritoneal fluid was -0.71 degrees c.19846721246
histochemical enzyme pattern of microfilaria of setaria cervi.the present study deals with the histochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase, malic dehydrogenase and aldolase in the microfilaria of setaria cervi. marked activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was observed in the cephalic cells, excretory and anal pores, g-cells and innenkörper. malic dehydrogenase activity was noted throughout the body (including cuticle) of the microfilaria except for innenkörper. intense aldolase activity was observed in the excretory pore and g-cells only. muscle cells ...19846098146
serum protein changes and their correlation with antibody production in rabbits following induced setaria cervi infection.the sera obtained from normal control and setaria cervi infected rabbits were analysed weekly both qualitatively and quantitatively. electrophoretic studies as well as biochemical estimation reveal an increase in total protein and globulin and a decrease in albumin level. the changes were more marked in the third week, followed by a declining phase reaching an almost normal level by the sixth week. the increased globulin level analysed electrophoretically also coincided with the appearance of 2 ...19846524705
protein kinases in different life stages of brugia malayi and other filarial worms.the investigation of protein kinase activity in different life stages of a few filarial worms indicates the presence of different protein kinases and of dissimilarities between the distribution pattern of these enzymes during the development. phosvitin turned out to be the preferred exogenous acceptor protein, when homogenates of adults of brugia malayi, dipetalonema viteae, setaria cervi and litomosoides carinii were used as source of enzyme. in contrast to adults the l3-larval and the microfil ...19846541823
host endocrine effect on setaria cervi. iii. influence of thyroidectomy and pancreatectomy on the microfilaraemia in white rats. 19853915309
distribution of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases in the parasitic nematode setaria cervi. 19854091293
enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle in microfilarial & adult stages of setaria cervi. 19863817925
purification & characterization of lactate dehydrogenase from setaria cervi. 19863817926
protein and antigenic composition of adult and microfilarial stages of setaria cervi.the protein and antigenic pattern of adult (female/male) and microfilarial stages of setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, was studied using certain immunochemical techniques. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed the presence of 35-40 protein bands in adults and 25-29 protein bands in microfilariae in molecular weight range of 10,000-200,000. immunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of 9-10 precipitin lines in adult and only 4 precipitin lines in microfilarial antigenic ...19862432003
identification of antigenic proteins of setaria cervi by immunoblotting technique.identification and characterization of antigenic proteins of setaria cervi (bovine filarial parasite) adults and microfilariae was done by immunoblotting technique using hyperimmune rabbit sera against s. cervi and brugia malayi. the antigens recognized by these sera were detected by using 125i protein-a followed by autoradiography. fifteen different antigens were observed to be common between adult and microfilarial stages of the parasite. some stage specific antigens were also identified. many ...19872442100
gross chemical composition of the two sexes and microfilariae of setaria cervi. 19872449059
setaria cervi: metabolism. iv. ribonucleotide biosynthesis from 14c-labelled glucose in microfilariae. 19872449060
[significance of setaria cervi antigens in the diagnosis of human filariasis]. 19873304547
somatic antigens from male and female adults of setaria cervi: immune reactions in guinea pigs.antigens obtained from adult female setaria cervi were more protective than those of males against the development of microfilaremia in guinea pigs (transplanted with 10 s. cervi). in high dose levels (2 ml 500 microliters/ml) significant resistance was induced by antigens from male (52% of protection) and female (62% of protection) worms. the antigens from female worms were effective (40% protection) at low dose level (2 ml 50 microliters/ml) also.19873444925
setaria cervi: lipid biosynthesis from c14-labelled acetate and glucose in the two sexes and microfilariae.microfilariae (mf), males and females of setaria cervi were able to synthesize several important classes of lipids and thus exhibited a functional lipid metabolism. the incorporation of the c14 label from acetate into lipids was relatively greater than that from glucose in adults, whereas label from glucose was incorporated to a greater extent in mf. though only a small portion of these precursors, was utilized for the non-polar (np) lipid synthesis, they were the preferred substrate for the pol ...19873619115
antigenic characterization of excretory-secretory products of setaria cervi.excretory-secretory products (es) of setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, were prepared by in vitro maintenance of the worms in a protein free defined medium at 37 degrees c. rpmi-1640 medium proved to be the best as the worms remained motile in it for the maximum period of time without change of medium, and approximately 12-15 mg protein per 100 adult worms could be obtained. crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of es products revealed 11-15 antigens and most of them were common to soma ...19873629131
suppression of release of microfilariae in vitro from setaria cervi (nematoda: filariodeae) by chlorpromazine.chlorpromazine (cpz) caused suppression in release of microfilariae in vitro from setaria cervi at 10(-5) m concentration. the inhibitory effect of cpz was further stimulated by ca2+ (2 mm), whereas addition of egta (2 mm) resulted in partial reversal. addition of dopamine (1 mm) along with cpz (10(-5) m) caused similar inhibition as was observed in the presence of cpz (10(-5) m) alone. cpz did not effect in vitro oxygen uptake by worm homogenates up to 0.5 mm concentration. the results indicate ...19883138401
polyamine metabolism in setaria cervi, the bovine filarial worm.spermine and spermidine were found to be the principal polyamines in the bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi, whereas putrescine was observed in very low amounts. studies conducted on the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis revealed low activity for s-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase, questionable and negligible activities for the decarboxylation of ornithine and arginine, and appreciable activity for ornithine aminotransferase. uptake studies with radiolabeled putrescine, spermidine and sperm ...19892704725
evaluation of setaria cervi antigen in the diagnosis of human filariasis.bovine filariid worm (setaria cervi) antigen was evaluated for the immunodiagnosis of human filariasis. patients with manifestations of filarial infection; [1) microfilaremia cases, (2) chronic clinical cases, (3) tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) cases) were taken for the investigations along with (4) normal endemic and non-endemic human subjects. ciep, ifat and elisa tests were employed for detection of serum antibodies. there was a high degree of sensitivity shown by ifat (1:64-1:256) and ...19902093612
[studies on dynamics of antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with homologous and heterologous adult filarial antigens].the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and immunoenzymatic staining technique (iest) with frozen sections of brugia malayi and setaria cervi adult worms as antigens were used to detect igg levels in rabbits immunized with three different filarial antigens. the results showed the dynamics of the specific igg antibody in the course of immunization. the peaks (gmrt 76.11-861.08) of igg levels in immunized rabbits appeared at the 4th week after primary immunization, which returned to (4 ...19902096002
an approach for immunodiagnosis of clinical cases of filariasis.in this communication an immunodiagnostic approach has been adopted for detection of antigen and antibody in amicrofilaeamic mf(-) patients by countercurrent immuno electrophoresis (ccie) and immunodiffusion (id). using setaria cervi and immune complex (ic) antigens, out of fifteen clinical cases the number of positive patients in ccie were twelve and ten respectively. sixty percent of the mf(-) cases were positive in antigen detection against both the homologous and heterologous antibody. in id ...19902111432
effect of anthelmintics and phenothiazines on adenosine 5'-triphosphatases of filarial parasite setaria cervi.s. cervi showed particulate bound ca2+ atpase and na+,k(+)-atpase activities while mg2+ atpase was detected in traces. atpase of s. cervi was also differentiated from the nonspecific p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. female parasite and microfilariae exhibited higher ca2+ atpase and na+,k(+)-atpase activities than the male adults and the enzyme na+,k(+)-atpase was mainly concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract of the filarial parasite. na+,k(+)-atpase of the filariid was ouabain-sensitive w ...19902163977
mitochondrial nadh oxidase activity of setaria cervi.the bovine filarial parasite, setaria cervi, has been found to contain nad(p)h oxidase activity. the system was predominantly located in the mitochondrial membranes, with very little activity available in the soluble fraction of the organelle. the membrane preparation also exhibited the presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase which converted nadph into nadh by transferring a hydride ion. the oxidase activity was inhibited by all the respiratory inhibitors examined, with the gr ...19902267725
biogenic amines, metabolites and monoamine oxidase in the filarial worm setaria cervi.analysis of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in setaria cervi adults by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) revealed dopamine as the major monoamine followed by norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht). 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid and tryptophan were also detected in significant amounts. a particulate-bound monoamine oxidase (mao, ec 1.4.3.4.) catalysing the oxidative deamination of several amines was also demonstrated in both microfilariae and adults. the ...19902276863
enzymes of pep-succinate pathway in setaria cervi and effect of anthelmintic drugs.localization of different enzymes of pep-succinate pathway has been done in setaria cervi, a bovine filarial worm. succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase were localized in mitochondria rich particulate fraction while all other enzymes were cytosolic. the in vitro effect of certain antifilarial/anthelmintic agents on these enzymes was also investigated. sumarmin, at low concentration, could cause a marked inhibition of most of the enzymes of this pathway. centperazine, an antifilarial dru ...19902279781
polyamine metabolism in some helminth parasites.polyamine levels of some helminth parasites were analyzed by reverse phase hplc of benzoyl derivatives. setaria cervi, acanthocheilonema viteae, hymenolepis nana, h. diminuta, and ascaridia galli contained higher levels of spermine than spermidine while in ancylostoma ceylanicum and nippostrongylus brasiliensis the spermidine levels were higher than spermine; putrescine was either absent or present in minor quantities. the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis viz., ornithine decarboxylase, s-adenos ...19911993461
scanning electron microscopy of setaria cervi adult male worms.scanning electron microscopy studies of adult setaria cervi male worms showed the presence of horn-like lateral appendages and characteristic striated bands on the ventral side of the tail. all other features were indistinguishable from other members of the genus setaria.19912040560
[studies on dynamic of antibodies detected in sera from jirds infected with brugia malayi before and after treatment].indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and immunoenzymatic staining technique (iest), using frozen section of brugia malayi and setaria cervi adult worms, were applied to detect levels of igg and igm antibodies in jirds infected with brugia malayi before and after treatment. both methods could show the dynamic of antibodies during the course of infection. the peak of igg and igm antibodies were at the 12-14th week and 2-6th week after infection respectively. a high correlation was obser ...19912065458
a comparative study of acetylcholinesterase activity in bovine (s. cervi) and human (b. malayi, w. bancrofti) filaria.setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, contains a significant amount of acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity with microfilaria having five to ten times more ache activity than female and male adult worms, respectively. because ache shows substrate specificity and hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine but not butrylthiocholine, this parasitic enzyme is likely a true acetylcholinesterase. the latter also resembles an ache enzyme in the human filarial parasite b. malayi which hydrolyzes acetylthiocholin ...19921293431
characterization of ca(2+)-atpase of setaria cervi (nematoda: filarioidea): effect of phenothiazines and anthelmintics.1. a mg2+ independent, ca(2+)-atpase requiring high concentrations of ca2+ (5 mm) for the activation, equally distributed in cuticle-muscular-hypodermis, genital organs and gastrointestinal tissues and mainly localized in 10,000 g pellet fraction, was identified in setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. 2. filarial enzyme showed km value of 3.33 mm for atp as computed from the double reciprocal lineweaver-burk plot. 3. the enzyme could be completely solubilized by sonication with about 4-fol ...19921426525
antioxidant system of litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi: effect of a macrofilaricidal agent.filarial parasites, litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi, showed great susceptibility to the oxidants generated in vitro by the xanthine/xanthine-oxidase system. in order to counteract such injurious effects, both the filariids possessed an active antioxidant enzymes system. superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were detected in appreciable amounts but glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in very low quantities. the former three enzymes were also foun ...19921496806
antifilarial activity of centratherum anthelminticum seed extracts on setaria cervi.effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of c. anthelminticum was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of s. cervi. ethylacetate, acetone and methanol extract showed similar effect, of causing inhibition of spontaneous motility of the nerve-muscle preparation of s. cervi characterized by decreased amplitude and frequency of contractions. the inhibitory effect on the motility was reversible. further, the extracts did not involve the blockade of cholin ...19921506041
effect of antibiotics on protein synthesis in filarial parasites.acanthocheilonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi were found to actively synthesize proteins in vitro. different centrifugation fractions and their tca-precipitable fractions were assessed for the distribution of newly synthesized proteins. penicillin and streptomycin inhibited the process in a. viteae. the synthesis in s. cervi was susceptible to puromycin, chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, neomycin and polymyxin b. the process in l. carinii was strongly blocked by puromycin while ...19938132970
antifilarial effect of two triterpenoid saponins isolated from acacia auriculiformis.the active principle, isolated from the funicles of a. auriculiformis, consisted of two triterpenoid saponins, acaciaside a and acaciaside b which killed in vitro 97% microfilaria of setaria cervi in 100 min at 4mg/ml concentration and 100% of adults in 35 min. the drug, when administered orally at 100 mg/kg on rats, in which s. cervi adults were implanted intra-peritoneally, increased the blood mf count by 1.5-fold after the first phase of treatment for 10 days. following the third phase of tre ...19938225417
non-specific effects of setaria cervi antigen, adjuvants and vaccines against litomosoides carinii infection in cotton rats, sigmodon hispidus. 19938406609
monoclonal antibodies against antigenic epitopes common between setaria cervi and brugia malayi.several common antigens between the bovine (setaria cervi) and human (brugia malayi) filarial parasites have been demonstrated [immunol investig, 16 (1987) 139]. hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against such common antigenic epitopes were obtained by immunizing the balb/c mice with s. cervi antigen, fusing the spleen cells with sp2/0 myeloma cells and screening the culture supernatants for antibody against both s. cervi and b. malayi antigens by elisa. nine monoclonal antibod ...19947525468
parasitic infections of indian yak bos (poephagus) grunniens--an overview.for centuries, the yak and its hybrids with domestic cows (dzomo/dzo) have been contributing to the socio-economic status of their owners in desolate regions of the greater himalayas. studies on the prevalence of parasitic diseases in these animals were undertaken in ladakh (jammu and kashmir), sikkim and villages near the indo-nepal border of uttar pradesh. visceral organs of necropsied animals were observed for the presence of adult metazoan parasites, fresh or preserved faecal samples were ex ...19948091621
oxidation and reduction of cytochrome c by mitochondrial enzymes of setaria cervi.a mitochondria-rich fraction isolated from the cuticle-hypodermis-muscle system of setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, possessed substrate-coupled cytochrome c reductases and cytochrome c oxidase in appreciable activities. all these activities were located predominantly in the membranes. nadh-coupled cytochrome c reductase was more prominent than nadph- and succinate-coupled reductases. all the three reductases exhibited marked sensitivity to rotenone and antimycin a. salicylhydroxamic ac ...19957622786
identification of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in setaria cervi (nematoda: filarioidea) and their role in regulation of spontaneous motility.whole worm of setaria cervi and its nerve muscle preparation exhibit rhythmical movements when suspended in modified ringer's solution in an isolated organ bath. deprivation of calcium from the bathing fluid results in gradual reduction in the amplitude and rate of contraction till the movements ceased completely. similar results were obtained by adding edta (5 micrograms/ml) to the bath. the effect was concentration related and was evident early with higher concentration of edta. acetylcholine ...19957649597
analysis and potential of excretory-secretory antigens of setaria cervi for immunodiagnosis of human filariasis.the excretory-secretory (e-ls) products released by the adult setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, were used to raise polyvalent hyperimmune serum in rabbits. analysis of e-s products, using anti-e-s serum showed the presence of 10-14 immunogenic proteins, the rabbit anti-e-s serum showed reciprocal antibody titres in the range of 100,000-250,000 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. the anti-e-s antibodies could detect circulating antigen in filarial patients sera by counter immunoelectro ...19968792637
in vitro antifilarial activity of sencio nudicaulis buch. ham. effect on setaria cervi (nematoda filarioidea).the effect on aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of sencio nudicaulis buch. ham. was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of micro-filariae in vitro. aqueous as well as alcoholic extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of s. cervi characterized by decreased amplitude, rate and tone of contractions. the concentration required to inhibit the moveme ...19968950138
regulation of cholinomimetic action of pyrantel pamoate by calcium channels in setaria cervi.nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi (nematoda:filarioidea) exhibits spontaneous rhythmical movements when suspended in isolated organ bath containing modified ringer's solution. pyrantel pamoate (50 ng/ml) when applied caused initial short lasting stimulation followed by irreversible paralysis. when suspended in calcium free bathing fluid the movements of n.m. preparation showed a gradual decrease both in amplitude and rate of contraction til the movements ceased completely. the effect was ...19968950141
potential antifilarial activity of roots of asparagus adscendens roxb, against setaria cervi in vitro.effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the roots of a. adscendens was studied on the spontaneous movements of whole worm and nerve muscle (n.m.) preparation of s. cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro. aqueous as well alcoholic extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and n.m. preparation of s. cervi characterized by initial, short lasting small increase in amplitude and tone of contractions followed by paralysis. the initial stimulatory effect was not ...19979315227
filarial dna and its interaction with polyamines and antifilarial drugs.the interaction of dna from filarial parasite setaria cervi with polyamines was monitored by melting temperature (tm) profile, condensation and b to z dna transition and compared with dna of escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus and calf thymus having different gc content. polyamines, viz. spermine and spermidine, stabilized the secondary structure of all dnas as indicated by increase in tm value. uv absorption studies indicated b to z dna transition in the presence of polyamines. the amount of p ...19979443951
antifilarial activity of mallotus philippensis lam. on setaria cervie (nematoda: filarioidea) in vitro.the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of mallotus philippensis (lam.) muell. arg. was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle (n.m.) preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro. both the extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and the n.m. preparation of s. cervi characterized by initial stimulation followed by depression in amplitude. the tone and rate of contractions remained visibly un ...199710235663
secretory acetylcholinesterase of setaria cervi microfilariae and its antigenic cross-reactivity with wuchereria bancrofti.setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, secretes acetylcholinesterase during in vitro cultivation. a significant amount of enzyme activity was detected both in culture media and somatic extracts of different developmental stages of the parasite. the microfilarial stage showed a higher level of ache activity than adult worms, with females being considerably more active than males. the secretory enzyme from microfilariae preferentially utilized acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and showed t ...19989484968
5/6/7/8 mono or disubstituted 1h/1-phenyl-9h-pyrido [3,4 b] indoles--a new class of antifilarial agents and their relationship with voltage sensitive calcium channels in setaria cervi.synthetic compounds of 5/6/7/8 mono or disubstituted 1h/1-phenyl-9h pyrido (3,4 b) indole series were screened for their antifilarial activity in vitro by observing their effect on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of s. cervi (nematoda:filarioidea). of the 10 compounds tested only compound 87/581 was able to modify the movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation. this compound caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and nerve muscl ...19989854428
characterization of secretory acetylcholinesterase from setaria cervi microfilariae: a potential antigen for diagnosis of human filariasis.acetylcholinesterase (ache) is released to the external medium when microfilariae (m.f.) of setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, are maintained in vitro. intense enzyme staining at amphids, excretory pores, anal vesicle and phasmids suggest an active secretion of ache from m.f. excretory-secretory products of m.f. displayed two electromorphic variants of ache when resolved by 6% nondenaturing page. the two isoforms of ache (a and b) were separated on the basis of charge by deae sepharose c ...199910402969
exploration of antifilarial potential and possible mechanism of action of the root extracts of saxifraga stracheyion on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi.the effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the roots of saxifraga stracheyi engl. on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. both extracts caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of s. cervi, characterized by an increase in the amplitude and a decrease in the rate of contractions, while the tone of the contractions rema ...200010641054
voltage activated calcium channels in somatic muscle of filarial nematode setaria cervi.acetylcholine (ach), levamisole and pyrantel pamoate all cause stimulation of spontaneous rhythmic movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of filarial nematode setaria cervi. these stimulant effects are manifested only in the presence of available ca2+ or extracellular ca2+. electrical stimulation of nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi elicited depolarization and increase in amplitude and tone of contractions. electrical current stimulates ca2+ entry leading to depolarization ...200112562016
potential antifilarial activity of the leaves and seeds extracts of psoralea corylifolia on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi.the effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the leaves and seeds of psoralea corylifolia, on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. alcohol extracts of both leaves and seeds caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of s. cervi, characterised by initial, short lasting small increase in tone of contractions followed by par ...200212169401
setaria cervi: in vitro released collagenases and their inhibition by wuchereria bancrofti infected sera.in vitro released products of adult setaria cervi females, microfilariae and extracts showed considerable amounts of collagenase activity. on the basis of per mg protein released in vitro, the products of both microfilariae and adult females exhibited comparable activity but this was much higher than that of extract of microfilariae and adult females. two collagenase enzymes with molecular masses of 50 kda and 70 kda were separated using deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100 column chromatograp ...200312590669
anti fi larial potential of the fruits and leaves extracts of pongamia pinnata on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi.the effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the fruits and leaves of pongamia pinnata (linn.) merr. (syn. pongamia glabra vent, leguminosae) on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of micro fi lariae in vitro was studied. the aqueous and alcohol extracts of fruits and the alcohol extract of leaves caused an inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of s. cervi. the ini ...200314595597
synthesis and antifilarial evaluation of 7-o-acetamidyl-4-alkyl-2h-1-benzopyran-2-ones.a series of 7-o-acetamidyl-4-alkyl-2h-1-benzopyran-2-ones (5-23) has been synthesized by amidation of 7-o-(carbethoxymethyl)-4-alkyl-2h-1-benzopyran-2-ones (2a, 2b) with different primary and secondary amines in fair to good yield. the resulting compounds were screened for their filarial dna topoisomerase inhibitory activity under in vivo condition in setaria cervi. the compounds were tested in vitro against brugia malayi. a few of the compounds possess promising antifilarial activity.200314732967
poorer nf-kappa b signaling by microfilariae in macrophages from balb/c mice affects their ability to produce cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide to kill microfilariae.upon activation with microfilariae (mf), macrophages from c57bl/6 mice showed higher nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappa b) but lower activating protein 1 dna-binding activity as compared to balb/c macrophages. the c57bl/6 macrophages produced cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide (no) to kill setaria cervi mf as compared to balb/c macrophages. inhibition of the nf-kappa b signal by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (pdtc) blocked no production and microfilaricidal activity of c57bl/6 macrophages and inclusio ...200415178336
adult 175 kda collagenase antigen of setaria cervi in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi in jirds.a 175 kda antigen fraction with collagenase activity was isolated and purified from somatic extracts of adult setaria cervi females using column chromatography involving consecutive steps of deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100. the optimum ph for 175 kda collagenase was found to be ph 7.0. sensitivities to a variety of inhibitors and activators indicated that the 175 kda coilagenolytic enzyme was metalloserine in nature. the enzyme hydrolysed a variety of protein substrates such as haemoglobi ...200415575994
syntheses of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives as a new class of antifilarial topoisomerase ii inhibitors.a series of 21 compounds of trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro topoisomerase ii inhibitory activity against filarial parasite setaria cervi. out of these, seven compounds (8, 11-14, 25 and 28) have shown 60-80% inhibition at 40 and 20 microg/ml concentration. five compounds (12, 13, 14, 25 and 28) exhibited 70-80% inhibition at 10 microg/ml concentration and three compounds (13, 14 and 28) have shown 40-60% inhibition at 5 microg/ml conce ...200515582408
antifilarial activity of azadirachta indica on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi.alcohol and aqueous extracts of flowers of azadirachta indica were tested in vitro for their potential antifilarial activity against whole worm, nerve muscle (n.m.) preparation and microfilariae of setaria cervi. the effects of alcohol and aqueous extracts were similar in nature on the spontaneous movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation. on the whole worm, the response was characterized by initial increase in tone, rate and amplitude of contractions followed by reversible paralysis. ...200515664463
setaria cervi: immunoprophylactic potential of glutathione-s-transferase against filarial parasite brugia malayi.glutathione-s-transferase (gst) has been detected in the adult female setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. the role of s. cervi gst antigen in inducing immunity in the host against brugia malayi microfilariae and infective larvae was studied by in vitro antibody dependent cell mediated reaction as well as in situ inoculation of filarial parasites within a microchamber in mastomys. the immune sera from glutathione-s-transferase immunized mastomys promoted the adherence of peritoneal exudate ...200515755423
potential antifilarial activity of fruit extracts of ficus racemosa linn. against setaria cervi in vitro.effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the fruits of f. racemosa linn., on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. alcoholic as well as aqueous extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of setaria cervi characterized by increase in amplitude and tone of contractions. initial stimulatory effect was not observed with aqueous extr ...200515875719
identification and characterization of a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in setaria cervi.setaria cervi a bovine filarial parasite secretes selenium glutathione peroxidase during in vitro cultivation. a significant amount of enzyme activity was detected in the somatic extract of different developmental stages of the parasite. among different stages, microfilariae showed a higher level of selenium glutathione peroxidase activity followed by males then females. however, when the activity was compared in excretory secretory products of these stages males showed higher activity than micr ...200515882986
filarial glutathione s-transferase: its induction by xenobiotics and potential as drug target.glutathione-s-transferase (gst) a phase-ii drug detoxification enzyme, was detected in setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. in vitro effect of diethylcarbamazine, butylated hydroxyanisole and phenobarbitone on the gst of adult female s. cervi was assayed by the addition of these compounds in the maintenance medium. the specific activity of gst towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was increased progressively 1.2-1.97, 1.3-2.4 and 1.2-2.7 times at 10-100 microm of diethylcarbamazine, butylate ...200515912210
setaria cervi: kinetic studies of filarial glutathione synthetase by high performance liquid chromatography.the bovine filarial worm setaria cervi was found to have abundance of glutathione synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.2.3) activity, the enzyme being involved in catalysing the final step of glutathione (gsh) biosynthesis. a rp-hplc method involving precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde has been followed for the estimation of gs activity in crude filarial preparations. subcellular fractionation of the enzyme was undertaken and it was confirmed to be a soluble protein residing mainly in cytosolic fra ...200516087176
tissue localization of collagenase and leucine aminopeptidase in the bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi.like other helminth proteases, filarial proteases have also been shown to require for parasite survival inside the host and mediate various physiologic processes such as tissue invasion, feeding, embryogenesis and host immune evasion. many of these proteases have shown potential for vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents against active filarial infections. setaria cervi is a bovine filarial parasite and serves as a good parasite model for the studies in lymphatic filariasis. recently, a 175 kda co ...200616716219
vaccination with setaria cervi 175 kda collagenase induces high level of protection against brugia malayi infection in jirds.a zinc containing metalloprotease, 175 kda collagenase, purified from adult female setaria cervi showed strong cross-reactivity with sera from putatively immune (pi) individuals (unpublished observation) and induced cytotoxicity to b. malayi l3 larvae and microfilariae by adcc mechanism [srivastava y, bhandari yp, reddy mvr, harinath bc, rathaur s. an adult 175 kda collagenase antigen of setaria cervi in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi. j helminth 2004;78:347-52]. these preliminary obser ...200616870314
maldi mass sequencing and characterization of filarialglutathione-s-transferase.glutathione-s-transferase has been detected in the somatic extract and excretory-secretory products of different life stages of setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. the enzyme was subjected to maldi-tof followed by mass spectrometry and the nearest match found was pleuronectes platessa gst. molecular mass of the purified enzyme was approximately 26 kda as determined by sds-page and maldi-tof. setaria cervi gst exhibited high activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid. ...200717367761
biochemical composition and metabolic pathways of filarial worms setaria cervi: search for new antifilarial agents.the main problem regarding the chemotherapy of filariasis is that no safe and effective drug is available yet to combat the adult human filarial worms. setaria cervi, the causal organism of setariasis and lumbar paralysis in cattle, is routinely employed as a model organism for conducting biochemical and enzymatic studies on filarial parasites. in view of the practical difficulties in procuring human strains of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi for drug screening, the bovine filarial parasi ...200717875226
monoclonal antibodies generated against excretory/secretory antigens of mammalian stage larvae of the lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against excretory/secretary (e/s) antigens of fourth stage (l4) larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were raised and screened for their specificity and sensitivity and evaluated for their potential in detecting homologous e/s antigens in human blood samples. five mabs were obtained and, among them, mab a7 showed high reactivity against e/s antigens of l4 and crude somatic antigens of microfilariae (mf) of w. bancrofti, and infective stage (l3) and adult stage larvae of bru ...200717885888
[the endoparasites of sika deer (cervus nippon) in austria].the endoparasite fauna of 108 sika deer (42 calves <1 year, 20 approximately 1 year old animals, 46 animals >1 year) originating from the two free-living sika deer populations in austria (ostrong, 35 animals; tullner donauauen, 73 animals) was studied. the deer were shot during the hunting seasons 2003-2005. in all, at least four species of protozoa (eimeria austriaca, eimeria robusta, eimeria sordida; sarcocystis spp.), two species each of cestodes (moniezia benedeni, larval cyst of taenia hyda ...200717987366
cytosolic and microsomal glutathione-s-transferases from bovine filarial worms setaria cervi.the work presented here deals with the status of glutathione-s-transferase (gst; e.c. 2.5.1.18), the major enzyme of the phase ii detoxification pathway, in bovine filarial worms setaria cervi. gst activity was determined in various subcellular fractions of bovine filarial worms s. cervi (bubalus bubalis linn.) and was found to be mainly associated with cytosolic and microsomal fractions. the respective specific activities of the enzyme from cytosolic and microsomal fractions of s. cervi females ...200718314670
partial purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase isozymes from adult bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi.filariasis is a major health problem, affecting millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. the isolation and characterization of parasite-specific enzyme targets is essential for developing effective control measures against filariasis. acetylcholinesterase (ache, e.c. 3.1.1.7), an important enzyme of neuromuscular transmission is found in a number of helminths including filarial parasites and may be playing a role in host-parasite interactions. earlier, we demonstrate ...200718341214
filarial glutathione-s-transferase: a potential vaccine candidate against lymphatic filariasis.present report enumerates the vaccine potential of a glutathione-s-transferase purified from setaria cervi against lymphatic filariasis. in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) vaccination trial, a very significant 82.75% (p<0.005) reduction in adult parasite burden was observed in scgst immunized group after 90 days post brugia malayi l3 challenge. an inverse correlation between the antibody level and worm burden was found in scgst immunized group (person's correlation r=0.943, p<0.05). no recoveries ...200818499308
purification and biochemical characterization of cytosolic glutathione-s-transferase from filarial worms setaria cervi.the present study reports the purification and characterization of gst from cytosolic fraction of setaria cervi. gst activity was determined in various subcellular fractions of bovine filarial worms s. cervi (bubalus bubalis linn.) and was found to be localized mainly in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions. the soluble enzyme from s. cervi was purified to homogeneity using a combination of salt precipitation, centrifugation, cation exchange and gsh-sepharose affinity chromatography followed b ...200818752976
synthesis of 4-amino-5-cyano-2, 6-disubstituted pyrimidines as a potential antifilarial dna topoisomerase ii inhibitors.a novel series of 4-amino-5-cyano-2, 6-disubstituted pyrimidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifilarial dna topoisomerase ii activity against filarial parasite setaria cervi. in particular compounds bearing 4-chloro-phenyl substitutent at position-6, exhibited strong inhibition at 40 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml concentration. the present study based on the biological results obtained, suggests that the nature of substitutent at position-4 in the phenyl ring directly af ...200818991743
ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes: potential precursors, metalloligands, and topo ii inhibitors.neutral and cationic mononuclear complexes containing both group 15 and polypyridyl ligands [ru(kappa3-tptz)(pph3)cl2] [1; tptz=2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine], [ru(kappa3-tptz)(kappa2-dppm)cl]bf4 [2; dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane], [ru(kappa3-tptz)(pph3)(pa)]cl (3; pa=phenylalanine), [ru(kappa3-tptz)(pph3)(dtc)]cl (4; dtc=diethyldithiocarbamate), [ru(kappa3-tptz)(pph3)(scn)2] (5) and [ru(kappa3-tptz)(pph3)(n3)2] (6) have been synthesized. complex 1 has been used as a metalloligand in ...200818171055
purification and characterization of a leucine aminopeptidase from the bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi.using synthetic peptide substrate leu-p-na, leucine aminopeptidase (lap) activity was detected in both microfilarial and adult stages of a bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi. a single protein fraction containing lap activity was purified from the adult female s. cervi using three different chromatographic techniques. this purified enzyme was shown to be a 321 kda zinc dependent metalloexopeptidase having maximum activity at ph 9.0 and 37 degrees c. its activity was significantly inhibited by ...200818262499
screening of different classes of proteases in microfilarial and adult stages of setaria cervi.many of the filarial proteases involved in critical physiological functions are expressed in stage-specific manner and belong to various mechanistic classes. setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite express different classes of proteases. this parasite shows strong antigenic cross-reactivity with human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. somatic extracts of s. cervi microfilariae (mf) and adult stages as well as their excretory-secretory (es) products were screened for th ...200919184106
antifilarial activity of 1,3-diarylpropen-1-one: effect on glutathione-s-transferase, a phase ii detoxification enzyme.chalcone derivatives were evaluated for their antifilarial activity on setaria cervi using glutathione-s-transferase (gst) as a drug target. the compounds 1-(4-benzotriazol-1-yl-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5), and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (7) showed a significant suppression (p < 0.01) in gst activity of adult female parasite extract at 3 microm concentration in vitro. however, gst activity was detected along with depletion in gsh level. ex ...200919407121
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