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toxoplasmosis in naturally infected deer from brazil.serum samples from 107 cervids were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using indirect hemagglutination (iha), indirect immunofluorescence (ifa), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and dot-elisa. samples were obtained from 66 marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus) in the state of são paulo (brazil) and from 41 pampas deer (ozotocerus bezoarticus) in the state of goiás (brazil). antibodies to t. gondii were found in 23 (22%) of the deer, with 18 and 5 positive samples, respectively, for ...19979391980
conservation genetics of the endangered pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus).the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus l. 1758) is the most endangered neotropical cervid, and in the past occupied a wide range of open habitats including grassland, pampas, savanna, and cerrado (brazil) from 5 degrees to 41 degrees s. to better understand the effect of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic variation, and to uncover genetic units for conservation, we examined dna sequences from the mitochondrial control region of 54 individuals from six localities distributed througho ...19989465416
serosurvey for antibodies against brucella abortus and leptospira interrogans in pampas deer from brazil.a survey for antibodies against brucella abortus, and leptospira interrogans was conducted on 17 pampas deer (ozotocerus bezoarticus) from pantanal matogrossense (state of mato grosso do sul, brazil) and on 24 pampas deer from parque nacional de emas (state of goiás, brazil). antibodies against b. abortus were detected by plate agglutination, rose bengal, and complement fixation tests; antibodies against leptospira interrogans were detected by the microscopic agglutination test. all sera were ne ...199910073359
health evaluation of pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, argentina.samples from 14 free-ranging pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) were collected in 1995 and 1998, at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, buenos aires, argentina. hematology, serum chemistries, minerals and metals, and fecal parasites were analyzed. in addition, fecal ova and parasites were evaluated seasonally during 1998-2000. serology for infectious diseases included blue-tongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, infectious b ...200314733285
environmental effect on the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus).sera obtained from pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) captured in two different brazilian environments were analyzed for the presence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). samples were collected from 23 animals from a savanna area in the national park of emas, in the state of goiás, brazil. this area is surrounded by cultivated lands and allows very little contact between wild and domestic animals. another batch of samples was collected from 16 a ...200516112811
seasonal changes in fecal testosterone concentrations and their relationship to the reproductive behavior, antler cycle and grouping patterns in free-ranging male pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus).the purpose of this study was to validate noninvasive endocrine monitoring techniques for pampas deer and to evaluate seasonal changes in testicular steroidogenic activity and their correlation to reproductive behavior, antler cycle and group size. thus, fecal samples, behavioral data and observations of antler status were collected at monthly intervals during 1 year from free-ranging pampas deer stags (three radio-collared individuals and 15 random individuals) living in emas national park, bra ...200515826677
effects of environmental conditions, human activity, reproduction, antler cycle and grouping on fecal glucocorticoids of free-ranging pampas deer stags (ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus).in this study, a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) was validated in detecting glucocorticoids in pampas deer feces, in order to investigate the influence of several factors on the adrenocortical function. fecal samples, behavioral data and information concerning male grouping and antlers status were collected at a monthly basis during a 1 year period from free-ranging stags living at emas national park, brazil (18 degrees s/52 degrees w). the results revealed that concentrations of fecal gluco ...200616000199
cross-amplification tests of ungulate primers in the endangered neotropical pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus).in cross-species amplification tests of 15 ungulate primers in pampas deer, five were retained to form a small panel of highly polymorphic loci that could be used to efficiently screen populations of this endangered species. the polymerase chain reactions were performed incorporating the universal fluorescent labeled m13 (-21) primer. in 69 pampas deer, average allelic diversity was 15, expected heterozygosity was 0.869 and the mean polymorphic information content value was 0.847. paternity excl ...200718273805
genetic diversity of two brazilian populations of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) is one of the most endangered neotropical cervid with populations that have been drastically reduced to small and isolated ones, mainly because of its habitat destruction. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to analyze population divergence and genetic variation within and between two populations corresponding to distinct subspecies. the rapd markers displayed substantial genetic variation with all animals possessing unique rapd phen ...200718278346
[phylogenetic relationships among neotropical deer genera (artiodactyla: cervidae) by means of dnamt sequences and microsatellite markers].the current work shows two molecular phylogenetic analyses on neotropical deers. in the first analysis, the mitochondrial control region (d-loop) was sequenced in six odocoileinae species from latin america, using the sequences of two muntiacinae as outgroups. the results obtained were as follows: a sequence of mazama americana showed a striking relationship with several sequences of odocoileus in contrast to that expected, since this m. americana haplotype, from a mexican origin, was not associ ...200719069784
reproductive biology of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus): a review.the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a south american grazing deer which is in extreme danger of extinction. very little is known about the biology of the pampas deer. moreover, most information has not been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and is only available in local publications, theses, etc. therefore, our aim was to update and summarize the available information regarding the reproductive biology of the pampas deer. moreover, in most sections, we have also included n ...200818534014
observations on the macroscopic anatomy of the intestinal tract and its mesenteric folds in the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).we described the macroscopic anatomy of the intestines and their peritoneal folds of five adult pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), a cervid species considered to ingest a high proportion of grass in its natural diet. the mean (+/-sd) body weight was 17 (+/-2) kg. the small intestine and the caecocolon measured 495 (+/-37) cm and 237 (+/-24) cm in length, respectively, with an average ratio (small intestine:caecocolon) of 1.9 (+/-0.1). the ascending colon had two and a half centripetal gyri, a ...200818400045
rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) as a parasite of pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoarticus) and cattle in brazil's central pantanal.in the pantanal, domestic and wild animals share the same habitats; their parasites and environment interact in a complex and dynamic way. the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important cattle tick in brazil. in the past two decades, some traditional management practices are being replaced with the aim of intensifying cattle production. forested areas are being replaced by exotic pasture and ranch owners are replacing nelore for european breeds. the pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoar ...200919500460
[genetic variability in neotropical deer genera (mammalia: cervidae) according to dna microsatellite loci].species conservation programs are highly based on analyses of population genetics. we compared eight neotropical cervidae (mazama americana, m. gouzaoubira, m. rufina, odocoileus virginianus, hippocamelus antisensis, pudu mephistopholes, ozotoceros bezoarticus and blastoceros dichotomus) and some european and asian cervidae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus and dama dama). the european species c. elaphus was our standard for a high degree of genetic variability: we use ...200919928479
real time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose anaplasma marginale in cattle and deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster) of the brazilian pantanal.epizootiological study of anaplasma marginale in regions that contain various reservoir hosts, co-existence of rickettsia pathogens, and common vectors is a complicated task. to achieve diagnosis of this rickettsia in cattle and campeiro deer of brazilian pantanal, a comparison was made between a real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with intercalating sybr green fluorochrome and primers based on msp5 gene of a. marginale; a conventional pcr (c-pcr); and parasitological examination using ...201020943025
parasitism rates of lipoptena guimaraesi and a new record of lipoptena mazamae on ozotoceros bezoarticus from the central pantanal wetlands in brazil.from may to october of 2006 we collected 143 louse flies of the genus lipoptena on the body surface of 16 pampas deer ozotocerus bezoarticus captured in four farms from the central area of the brazilian pantanal wetlands. we also examined 172 cattle individuals and none of them had louse flies. most of the parasites identified were lipoptena guimaraesi but one specimen of l. mazamae was also found, representing a new host record for this ked fly. the prevalence of l. guimaraesi was 93.8%, the me ...201121722497
survey of leptospira spp in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the pantanal wetlands of the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil by serology and polymerase chain reaction.this work reports a survey of leptospira spp in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the pantanal wetlands of the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil by serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). seventy pampas deer were captured in the dry season and surveyed using pcr, microscopic agglutination test (mat) (n = 51) and by both techniques (n = 47). pcr detected infections in two pampas deer and mat detected infections in three. through sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the pcr-amplifie ...201122012234
illegal hunting cases detected with molecular forensics in brazil.illegal hunting is one of the major threats to vertebrate populations in tropical regions. this unsustainable practice has serious consequences not only for the target populations, but also for the dynamics and structure of tropical ecosystems. generally, in cases of suspected illegal hunting, the only evidence available is pieces of meat, skin or bone. in these cases, species identification can only be reliably determined using molecular technologies. here, we reported an investigative study of ...201222863070
physiological and biochemical parameters in response to electroejaculation in adult and yearling anesthetized pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) males.the aim of this study was to characterize changes in physiological and biochemical parameters during electroejaculation (ee) under general anaesthesia in adult and yearling pampas deer males (ozotoceros bezoarticus). the relation between heart rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate and oximetry with ee voltages was studied. the changes in cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and rectal temperature were determined before and after electroejaculation (bee and aee ...201221762217
discovery of an undescribed protostrongylid nematode from the endangered pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) in argentina.dorsal-spined protostrongylid nematode larvae (metastrongyloidea: protostrongylidae) were recovered from the feces of the endangered pampas deer (ozotocerus bezoarticus celer) in campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, bahia samborombón, argentina. partial dna sequences from the large subunit ribosomal rna (lsu rrna) gene and from the second internal transcribed spacer region (its2) were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and compared to those of other nematodes. nucleotide alignment and phylogenetic analy ...201222740538
pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) courtship and mating behavior.pampas deer, ozotoceros bezoarticus (linnaeus 1758), is a south american grazing deer categorized as "near threatened". however, knowledge about pampas deer behavior including courtship and mating is scarce and incomplete. the aim of this study was to characterize the courtship and mating behavior of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), an endangered species from south america.201223062236
gross anatomy of the female genital organs of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).to describe the macroscopic anatomy of the genital organs of the female pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), organs from animals dead in a captive breeding station were dissected. a total of twenty females, 17 adults and 10 pre-puberal approximately 1 year old were studied by gross dissection. the ovaries of adult females without corpora lutea weighed 0.22±0.02 g on the right and 0.20±0.01 g on the left and accounted for 0.03±0.01% of body weight. all corpora lutea (n=6) were found in the right ...201322788248
permanent contact with females increases testosterone and improves fresh semen traits in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) males.socio-sexual signals can stimulate neuroendocrinal control of reproduction. the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that permanent and close contact with females stimulates testosterone production and enhances fresh seminal characteristics of pampas deer males. five adult males (group cf) were established in a paddock in five breeding groups each comprising one stag and between five and ten hinds. six adult males (group is) were held in another paddock without any direct contact with fem ...201324220343
anatomical and scanning electron microscopic characteristics of the tongue in the pampas deer (cervidae: ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).this study represents the first definitive anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the pampas deer and compares the different information on the morphology of the other ruminant species available in the literature. in this study, the tongues of four adult and one fetal deer were used. the tongue was elongated with an oval or rounded apex. the filiform papillae on the lingual apex were smaller than the ones on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the lingual body. two very thin ...201323857640
demographic characterization and social patterns of the neotropical pampas deer.the most endangered subspecies of pampas deer ozotoceros bezoarticus uruguayensis is an endemic cervidae of the uruguayan temperate grasslands. the aim of our study was to assess the demographic trends, grouping structure and dynamic of this small and isolated population. we surveyed the population during seven years and detected an average of 117 (+ 72.7 sd) individuals (44 censuses). the average population structure observed was 55% adult females, 34% adult males, 10% juveniles, and 1% fawns, ...201323853746
gross anatomy of the male genital organs of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).to describe the macroscopic anatomy of the genital organs of the male pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), organs from ten animals found dead in a captive breeding station were dissected. the unpigmented scrotum was located in the inguinal region near the body, and was covered by the thighs. in the investments of the testicles the dartos tunic was greatly developed. the cremaster muscle was located dorsocaudal to the testicle, and was divided caudally into three bundles of fibers. the right tes ...201323381482
treatment with an equine chorionic gonadotrophin single dose restored spermatozoa production in an azoospermic pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) male: a case report.azoospermy was diagnosed after semen extraction in a pampas deer male, an endangered species. to determine the reproductive status, testicular fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac), followed by a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) challenge (8.4 μg of buserelin acetate) was performed. blood samples were obtained to measure luteinizing hormone (lh) and testosterone by radioimmunoanalysis. no spermatozoa was visible in the cytology examination. lh and testosterone surges were observed after t ...201329699132
molecular detection and identification of hemoparasites in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus linnaeus, 1758) from the pantanal brazil.hemoparasites were surveyed in 60 free-living pampas deer ozotoceros bezoarticus from the central area of the pantanal, known as nhecolândia, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil, through the analysis of nested pcr assays and nucleotide sequencing. blood samples were tested for babesia/theileria, anaplasma spp., and trypanosoma spp. using npcr assays and sequencing of the 18s rrna, msp4, its, and cathepsin l genes. the identity of each sequence was confirmed by comparison with sequences from genb ...201323567028
arterial thoracic vascularization in some deer species: pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) and axis deer (axis axis).in this study, the arterial distributions of the aortic arches of three deer species (axis axis, ozotoceros bezoarticus and mazama gouazoubira) were described. the animals were dissected immediately after being found dead. latex injection method was used to observe the vascularization of the thorax. the branching pattern of the arteries of the thoracic aorta in o. bezoarticus was similar to domestic ruminants. in the m. gouazoubira and a. axis, there were no bicarotid trunk. interestingly, the f ...201424611999
morphological examination of the obturator notch and canal in cervidae.the purpose of this study was to investigate gross findings of the obturator notch (on) and obturator canal (oc) in cervidae. a total of 183 pelvic girdles from 26 species of deer were examined, and the obturator canal (oc) was classified into 4 types based on the degree of separation from the obturator foramen (of). the deep on was observed primarily in the subfamily capreolinae (telemetacarpal deer). the small bony oc was frequently observed in hydropotes inermis, mazama gouazoubira and ozotoc ...201424430657
retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates.formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from elk (cervus elaphus), goats, and camelids with case histories and lesions suggestive of parelaphostrongylus tenuis were examined by histology to characterize lesions that could aid in definitively diagnosing p. tenuis infection. additionally, sections of paraffin-embedded tissue were used in a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) using parelaphostrongylus-specific primers to determine how pcr results corresponded with histological findings. histo ...201425274743
sperm characterization and identification of sperm sub-populations in ejaculates from pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus).pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a native endangered species. knowledge of the basic spermiogram characteristics and the morphometric descriptors is necessary to effectively develop sperm cryopreservation. in other species, sperm sub-population is related to sperm cryo-resistance. the objective was to provide a general description of the sperm, including sperm head morphometric descriptors, its repeatability, and the existence of sperm sub-populations. sperm were obtained from adult males ...201425104472
social rank and reproductive performance of pampas deer females (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus, 1758).our objectives were to determine if success index of pampas deer females is related with females' age and if social rank makes any influence on reproductive performance. female social rank was determined in 18 groups of animals composed of 1 male: 5-9 females (total=98 females). date of parturition for each female and sex and birth weight of fawns were recorded for each birth. the females were categorized in three hierarchical ranks: low (<0.33) (group lr), medium (0.33-0.66) (group mr), and hig ...201424631833
arterial vascularization and morphological characteristics of adrenal glands in the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).this research presents morphological characteristics of adrenal glands and a demonstration of arterial vascularization in the pampas deer, which is considered to be in extreme danger of extinction. a total of ten deer constituted the material of the study. vascularization of organs was investigated by using latex injection technique. left adrenal glands were basically supplied by coeliac, cranial mesenteric, renal and lumbal arteries. the arterial vascularization of the left adrenal glands was v ...201424001368
vocalizations during electroejaculation in anaesthetized adult and young pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) males.the aim of this study was to characterize the vocalizations produced during electroejaculation under general anaesthesia in pampas deer males and to determine whether the characteristics of those vocalizations differ in adult and young pampas deer males. electroejaculation was applied to 13 adults (am) and 13 young (ym) males under general anaesthesia. vocalizations were digitally recorded, and the number and duration of vocalizations, the latency in relation to each voltage, the total time voca ...201525683788
congenital mature intracranial teratoma in a pampas deer ( ozotoceros bezoarticus ) in brazil.we describe a congenital mature intracranial teratoma in a pampas deer ( ozotoceros bezoarticus ) in southern brazil. we found an irregular, spongy, space-occupying mass in the brain. the tumor consisted of well-differentiated tissues that derived from all three germ layers.201627310166
arterial vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus, 1758).based on gross dissection of fifteen adult animals (11 females, 4 males), we described the arterial supply of the stomach and intestines of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), a south american endangered species. the coeliac artery emitted the splenic, left gastric and hepatic arteries. the splenic artery directed towards the spleen, and the right ruminal artery, which is its only collateral directed towards the stomach, being the main artery of the rumen. the left gastric artery gave orig ...201626224544
detection of wild animals as carriers of leptospira by pcr in the pantanal biome, brazil.leptospiral infection is widespread in wildlife. in this context, wild ecosystems in tropical countries hold a vast biodiversity, including several species that may act as potential reservoirs of leptospires. the pantanal biome presents highly favorable environmental conditions for the occurrence of leptospirosis, such as high temperatures, constant flooding, and high biodiversity. the purpose of this study was to detect wild animals as carriers of leptospira sp. using direct methods (pcr and cu ...201627496621
are brazilian cervids at risk of prion diseases?prion diseases are neurodegenerative fatal disorders that affect human and non-human mammals. chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of cervids regarded as a public health problem in north america, and polymorphisms at specific codons in the prnp gene are associated with this disease. to assess the potential cwd susceptibility of south american free-ranging deer, the presence of these polymorphisms was examined in mazama gouazoubira, ozotoceros bezoarticus and blastocerus dichotomus. d ...201728281927
asymmetrical size and functionality of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) testes: right testis is bigger but left testis is more efficient in spermatogenesis.information about gonadal asymmetries in ruminants is very scarce. in this work, we performed three complementary studies to compare characteristics of both testes: (i) weight and size of offspring and adult dead males; (ii) the tissue:fluid relationship determined by ultrasound scanning; and (iii) the spermatogenic status using fine needle aspiration cytology. the right testis was heavier than the left one in both offspring and adult animals and had greater width and volume in adult males than ...201728884495
antler velvet is thicker in adult than in yearling pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus): a histological study.antlers are lined by soft velvet tissue during antler growth. later, the velvet is shed before rut onset. there are no detailed histological descriptions of the growing velvet, nor whether the velvet changes according to stag age. our aims were to: 1) describe the basic histology of pampas deer antler velvet from adult and yearling males; and 2) determine the influence of age and time of antler growth on velvet's tissues morphometry.201727813624
gross anatomy of pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758) mouth and pharynx.the aims of this study were to describe the anatomy of the mouth and pharynx of the pampas deer, and to consider its evolutionary feeding niche according to those characteristics. gross dissections of the mouth and pharynx were performed in 15 animals, 10 adult females and five young animals under 1 year (three males and two females), all dead by causes unrelated to this anatomical region. the upper lip entered in the constitution of a pigmented nasolabial plane. the masseter muscles weighed 43. ...201727753124
genetic diversity of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) population in the brazilian pantanal assessed by combining fresh fecal dna analysis and a set of heterologous microsatellite loci.the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) is close to being classified as 'globally threatened', with the largest population occurring in the brazilian pantanal. since capture is stressful to these animals, non-invasive sampling methods such as the use of feces can provide reliable sources of dna. the aim of this study was to use fecal samples to evaluate the genetic variability of the brazilian pantanal population of pampas deer. six heterologous microsatellite markers were used to screen 142 st ...201728981561
close relationship of plasmodium sequences detected from south american pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) to plasmodium spp. in north american white-tailed deer.we report, for the first time, the presence of ungulate malaria parasites in south america. we conducted pcr-based surveys of blood samples of multiple deer species and water buffalo from brazil and detected plasmodium sequences from pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) samples. phylogenic analysis revealed that the obtained sequences are closely related to the plasmodium odocoilei clade 2 sequence from north american white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). nucleotide differences suggest tha ...201829845014
arterial irrigation of the head and neck of the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a medium-sized deer that weighs 20-40 kg. historically, it was a widely distributed species that occupied a wide range of open habitats, including pastures, pampas, and brazilian savanna. however, it is currently considered to be a species at risk of extinction. anatomical descriptions of the arterial supply are very useful when working with exotic mammals. knowledge of the locations, the distribution pattern, and the anatomical relationships of the ar ...201829948976
arterial distribution to the pelvic cavity and pelvic limb in the pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus 1758).this research is a study about the arterial vascularization of pelvic cavity and pelvic limb in pampas deer. for this study, 25 dead animals were used. the vascularization of the organs was investigated using a latex injection technique. two animals were injected in the common carotid artery with contrast to cardiac angiography, and then, radiographs were taken. the aorta showed the two external iliac arteries, and after a short course, the aorta ended in two internal iliac arteries. the median ...201829205895
adult and yearling pampas deer stags (ozotoceros bezoarticus) display mild reproductive seasonal patterns with maximum values in autumn.the pampas deer is an endangered species, from which reproductive biology little is known. we aimed to describe and compare the reproductive seasonal patterns of adult and yearling pampas deer stags throughout the year, including morphological traits, testosterone concentration, sperm morphology and cryoresistance pattern changes. six adult (as) and five yearling (ys) stags were captured with anesthetic darts once in winter, spring, summer and autumn to study morphological variables, serum testo ...202032714462
time budget seasonal variations in semi-captive pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) females.the time and period of the day dedicated by several ruminant species to different activities (time budget) varies along the year. pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus, linnaeus, 1758) is an endangered species that lives in the southern cone of south america. our aim was to describe seasonal variations of pampas deer female time budget under semi-captivity conditions. the study was performed at the estación de cría de fauna autóctona cerro pan de azúcar (uruguay), with 31 female' pampas deer house ...202032650024
aggressive interactions among female, semi-captive pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) increase within the hierarchy and after short-term removal of the male.two trials were carried out to determine: (a) if there is a positive relation between the frequency of aggressive interactions among female pampas deer and their position within the hierarchy (hi), (b) if short-term removal of the male triggers an increase in the frequency of aggression, and (c) if the magnitude of this increase is related to the individual rank position of the female. each of 19 breeding groups comprised one adult male and from four to six adult females. the hi was determined f ...202032048733
serological evidence of equine infectious anaemia, west nile fever, surra and equine piroplasmosis in a herd of horses in northern argentina.northern argentina hosts equine populations living under preserved natural areas and extensive breeding conditions, with limited access to veterinary care. horses can be in contact with i) wildlife considered to be a potential reservoir of horse pathogens (e.g. capybara, coatis and pampas deer) and/or ii) potential disease vectors such as ticks, horse flies, culicidae and vampire bats. in this context, the aim of this study was to assess the exposure of horses from a herd in northern argentina t ...202134024382
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