Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| subcellular responses to localized infection of chenopodium quinoa by pokeweed mosaic virus. | 1970 | 5462794 | |
| electron microscopy of artichoke mottled crinkle virus in leaves of chenopodium quinoa willd. | 1973 | 4346103 | |
| symposium no. 10: animal genetics. introduction by the chairman. | on the basis of morphology chenopodium quinoa of the andes and c. nuttalliae of mexico appear to be very closely related species. artificial hybrids have been secured between the two. it is suggested that both species may have been derived from the same original wild type. a weedy quinoa, c. quinoa var. melanospermum, is known from south america, but as yet a weed race closely related to c. nutalliae has not been reported from mexico. | 1974 | 4442716 |
| genetic control and distribution of leucine aminopeptidase in the cultivated chenopods (chenopodium) and related weed taxa. | isozymes of leucine aminopeptidase (lap) in leaf tissue of the cultivated chenopods (chenopodium quinoa and c. nuttalliae) and their sympatric weedy relatives (c. hircinum and c. berlandieri) can be electrophoretically resolved into a sum total of five anodally migrating bands. these are the products of two unlinked gene loci which apparently reflect genetic duplication via allotetraploidy. accessions from the andean and mexican areas of cultivation are characterized by a lack of electrophoretic ... | 1976 | 1016226 |
| [chemical and biological evaluation of quinua (chenopodium quinoa willd). effect of the extraction of saponins by heat treatment]. | the changes in proximate composition, amino acid content and protein efficiency ratio (per) caused by hot-water extraction of the saponins were studied in four bolivian varieties of quinua (chenopodium quinoa, willd). detectable saponin was eliminated with an extraction at 70 degrees c. extraction at 87 degrees c also eliminated the saponins but, in addition, had the tendency of slightly increasing the protein amino acid content. the maximum per obtained was 2.99 for the blanca variety, followed ... | 1978 | 572664 |
| genetic complementation between natural strains of red clover mottle virus. | three strains of red clover mottle virus were purified and their components separated by density gradient and isopycnic centrifugation. the infectivity of the purified components and of homologous and heterologous mixtures of them was assayed using phaseolus vulgaris. infectivity enhancement occurred in all combinations of middle and bottom components. local lesion isolates from heterologous combinations were propagated and their symptoms on pisum sativum and chenopodium quinoa are described. it ... | 1978 | 669903 |
| [digestibility and protein quality of quinua: comparative study of quinua (chenopodium quinoa) seed and flour in children]. | based on the hypothesis that the digestibility of quinua seed is the limiting factor in the utilization of nutrients from this staple, two quinua-based diets were prepared using quinua seeds and quinua flour. theses diets were offered to children recovering from malnutrition. the digestibility and protein quality of the quinua diets were compared to those of a casein control diet by analyzing the children's metabolic balance. results showed that digestibility of the quinua diets were compared to ... | 1981 | 6807239 |
| rates and products of long-chain fatty acid synthesis from [1-c]acetate in chloroplasts isolated from leaves of 16:3 and 18:3 plants. | chloroplasts highly active in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids from [1-(14)c]acetate were prepared from leaves of solanum nodiflorum, chenopodium quinoa, carthamus tinctorius, and pisum sativum. these preparations were used to test whether the various additions to incubation media found to stimulate the synthesis of particular lipid classes in vitro by spinacia oleracea chloroplasts were applicable generally. chloroplasts from 18:3 plants incorporated a greater proportion of radioactivity ... | 1984 | 16663528 |
| independent replication of cowpea mosaic virus bottom component rna: in vivo instability of the viral rnas. | we compared the accumulation of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rnas after inoculation of cowpea and chenopodium quinoa protoplasts with bottom (b) or middle (m) component virions alone, or with a mixture of the m and b components. rna extracted from infected protoplasts was subjected to quantitative spot hybridization after electrophoresis and blotting. compared to the complete m plus b mixture, the b inoculum induced (1) a reduced rate and extent of accumulation of b-rna of both the (+) and (-) pol ... | 1985 | 18640533 |
| [effect of the extrusion process on the functional characteristics and protein quality of quinua (chenopodium quinoa, willd)]. | in order to have available a human food of high nutritive value, and conscious of the protein quality of the quinua, as well as its carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral content, its behavior during the extrusion process was tested in the present study. to eliminate saponins, a simple method was developed which consisted of washing the seeds through an aluminum container, using a wooden stirrer. seven treatments were studied: washed quinua, washed and cooked quinua, washed and expanded quinua no. 1 ... | 1985 | 3834873 |
| cytopathology in the identification and classification of tombusviruses. | ten recognized members of the tombusvirus group, including two strains of tomato bushy stunt virus, were compared for their ultrastructural effects in nicotiana clevelandii, gomphrena globosa, and chenopodium quinoa. the cytopathic inclusions known as multivesicular bodies and tonoplast evaginations containing virus particles were induced by all the viruses in all three hosts. some of the viruses could be differentiated from each other (especially in c. quinoa) by other characters, such as the a ... | 1987 | 3450676 |
| effect of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna composition on transmission by polymyxa betae. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is naturally transmitted by the soil-borne fungus polymyxa betae and usually remains confined to the roots of infected sugarbeets. in naturally infected sugarbeets the virion rna always consists of four components which are uniform in size in different isolates but when bnyvv is propagated by mechanical inoculation to leaves of chenopodium quinoa the two smallest rna components, rna-3 and -4, may undergo deletion or disappear from the isolate, suggesting t ... | 1988 | 3336941 |
| cucumber mosaic virus-associated rna 5. xi. comparison of 14 carna 5 variants relates ability to induce tomato necrosis to a conserved nucleotide sequence. | seven carna 5 (cucumber mosaic virus-associated rna 5) variants were obtained from an indonesian cucumber mosaic virus isolate (designated cmv-in) by serial passage of this virus in squash, chenopodium quinoa, tobacco, and tomato. bioassays of the isolated carna 5 variants for their capability to induce lethal necrosis in tomato allowed categorization of the carna 5 variants as either necrogenic or nonnecrogenic. comparison of the carna 5 sequences with sequences previously published shows that ... | 1988 | 3354198 |
| [spectrophotometric determination of oleanolic acid and saponins from quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd, kancolla variety)]. | saponins were extracted from quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd, kancolla variety) by refluxing with a methanol-water (4:1) mixture. once the methanol was evaporated, the remaining residue was treated following honerlagen and tretter's method with only slight modifications. the extract was then hydrolyzed with 12n sulfuric acid in a 1:1 dioxane-water system at 110 degrees c for 1.5 hr. the sapogenins were extracted with chloroform, concentrated and some microliters (equivalent to 121 mg of quinoa) ... | 1988 | 3256282 |
| quantitative determinations of chemical compounds with nutritional value from inca crops: chenopodium quinoa ('quinoa'). | quantitative determinations of total and soluble proteins, total and free sugars, starch, total lipids, tanins, ash (ca, na, k, fe, and p), and caloric value were carried out on quinoa flour. results show that the amount of soluble proteins was higher than the standard value for wheat and maize and was very close to that of barley's. the yield of free sugars like glucose (4.55%), fructose (2.41%) and sucrose (2.39%) were also of importance. iron and calcium levels were higher than the reported v ... | 1989 | 2631089 |
| in vitro synthesis of biologically active beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) has a quadripartite plus-strand rna genome in which the two smallest genome components, rna 3 and 4, are not necessary for virus multiplication in leaves. infectious transcripts of bnyvv rna 3 and 4 have already been described (v. ziegler-graff, s. bouzoubaa, i. jupin, h. guilley, g. jonard, and k. richards (1988) j. gen. virol. 69, 2347-2357). in this paper we describe synthesis of a full-length rna-1 transcript by bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase-directed ... | 1989 | 2773320 |
| immunodetection in vivo of beet necrotic yellow vein virus-encoded proteins. | open reading frames identified on the four genomic rnas of beet necrotic yellow vein virus were cloned into bacterial expression vectors and resulting cl-fusion proteins expressed in escherichia coli were used to raise polyclonal antibodies. this set of antisera was used to show the presence of 7 of 9 predicted viral proteins in mechanically inoculated chenopodium quinoa leaves by the western blot technique. viral coat protein (p22) and its readthrough protein p85 encoded by rna-2 could be detec ... | 1990 | 2202150 |
| multiplication of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 3 lacking a 3' poly(a) tail is accompanied by reappearance of the poly(a) tail and a novel short u-rich tract preceding it. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 1 and 2 but not rnas 3 and 4 are required for viral multiplication in chenopodium quinoa leaves. elimination of the 3' poly(a) tail from rna 3 transcripts markedly attenuated their ability to be amplified when co-inoculated with rnas 1 and 2 to this host. successful multiplication of the tailless rna 3 was accompanied by the reappearance of new 3' poly(a) tails on the progeny. the evidence suggests that the newly acquired poly(a) sequence results from the act ... | 1990 | 2389554 |
| in vitro synthesis of biologically active transcripts of tomato black ring virus satellite rna. | synthetic transcripts of tomato black ring virus satellite rna (tbrv satrna), isolate l, were prepared from cdna cloned in the bluescribe transcription vector. transcripts with 49 (t49l) or two (t2gl) extra nucleotides at their 5' ends and 42 extra nucleotides at their 3' ends were able to induce, but to different extents, the synthesis in vitro of the satrna-encoded 48k protein. however, when inoculated into chenopodium quinoa together with tbrv l genomic rnas, only t2gl was biologically active ... | 1990 | 1691271 |
| tests for transmission of prunus necrotic ringspot and two nepoviruses by criconemella xenoplax. | in two of three trials, detectable color reactions in elisa for prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were observed for criconemella xenoplax handpicked from the root zone of infected peach trees. criconemella xenoplax (500/pot) handpicked from root zones of peach trees infected with pnrsv failed to transmit the virus to cucumber or peach seedlings. the nematode also failed to transmit tomato ringspot (tomrsv) or tobacco ringspot viruses between cucumbers, although xiphinema americanum transmit ... | 1990 | 19287748 |
| descriptions and comparative morphology of cactodera milleri n. sp. (nematoda: heteroderidae) and cactodera cacti with a review and key to the genus cactodera. | a new species, cactodera milleri n. sp., is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of common lambsquarter, chenopodium album l., from mattawan, michigan. cactodera milleri can be differentiated from other cactodera species by the presence of punctated egg shells and a second-stage juvenile (j2) stylet length averaging 21.8 mum as measured from freshly killed specimens in water mounts. thirty-four plant species, including 11 weed species, 18 agronomic crop species, and 5 cac ... | 1990 | 19287746 |
| transformation of cultured cells of chenopodium quinoa by binary vectors that carry a fragment of dna from the virulence region of ptibo542. | a 15.2-kb kpni fragment from the virulence region of ptibo542, the ti plasmid harbored by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain a281, was introduced into binary vectors. the fragment contained the virb, virc and virg genes, and it is known to have the ability to increase the virulence of strains of a. tumefaciens. the strains of a. tumefaciens that carried the resulting plasmids were able to transform cells in a suspension culture of chenopodium quinoa willd cells which were not transformable by comm ... | 1990 | 24226938 |
| biologically active transcripts of a large satellite rna from arabis mosaic nepovirus and the importance of 5' end sequences for its replication. | synthetic transcripts of a satellite rna associated with a lilac isolate of arabis mosaic nepovirus (armv) were made from cdna clones. transcripts having either six (m1r) or 29 (m3r) extra nucleotides at their 5' ends replicated in the presence of armv genomic rna in manually inoculated chenopodium quinoa plants, even though m1r also differs from the native sequence at nucleotide position 2. transcript 12r, which has 11 guanosyl residues and 27 other nucleotides not present in the natural satell ... | 1991 | 1722500 |
| change in phenotype and encapsidated rna segments of an isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus: an influence of host passage. | a local lesion isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv-n20) from lucerne was found to encapsidate two extra rnas in addition to the four major rnas (rna1, -2, -3 and -4). these were resolved by gel electrophoresis both under native conditions and after glyoxal denaturation. the rna with an electrophoretic mobility between that of rnas 2 and 3 was designated rna31, that between rnas 3 and 4 was designated rna3s. sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis of amv-n20 showed six instead of the no ... | 1991 | 1765766 |
| shortened forms of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna-3 and -4: internal deletions and a subgenomic rna. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna-3 and rna-4, produced as full-length biologically active transcripts in vitro, can undergo spontaneous internal deletions when inoculated onto chenopodium quinoa leaves along with rna-1 and -2. the deletion process is specific, giving rise to only a few major species, and can be rapid; deleted forms appear after only one or two passages in leaves. in one of the shortened forms of rna-4, the deletion precisely eliminated one copy of a 15 nucleotide (nt) direct ... | 1991 | 1993870 |
| a spontaneous red clover necrotic mosaic virus mutant with a truncated movement protein. | a spontaneous red clover necrotic mosaic virus mutant, tpm-341, was isolated by multiple passage of czechoslovakian isolate tpm-34 in beans, followed by three cycles of single lesion isolation in cowpea and in chenopodium quinoa. the symptoms induced in cowpea by tpm-34 and tpm-341 differed. tpm-34 gave rise to chlorotic lesions which expanded with time, often becoming confluent with adjacent lesions, and developed necrotic margins; the plants became systemically infected. tpm-341 induced necrot ... | 1991 | 1875192 |
| visualisation of transgene expression at the single protoplast level. | protoplasts are currently used to study the expression of genes following transformation. expression is followed on a population of protoplasts after total protein extraction by conventional western blotting or measure of the enzymatic activity of the transgenic protein. we describe here a new method, called protoplast printing, allowing easy detection of the fraction of cells expressing a certain protein within a population of protoplasts. it consists of immobilization of the protoplast protein ... | 1992 | 24201436 |
| synthesis of full-length transcripts of beet western yellows virus rna: messenger properties and biological activity in protoplasts. | full-length cdna of beet western yellows virus genomic rna has been cloned behind the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter of the transcription vector bs(-). the in vitro run-off transcription product obtained in the presence of t7 rna polymerase and m7gpppg cap has the same messenger properties as natural viral rna in in vitro translation systems. the full-length transcript was also able to infect chenopodium quinoa protoplasts inoculated by electroporation. infection could be followed by t ... | 1992 | 1727597 |
| immunodetection of grapevine fanleaf virus satellite rna-encoded protein in infected chenopodium quinoa. | an antiserum was raised against a fusion protein containing the c-terminal half of the protein (p3) encoded by the satellite rna of grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv; f13 isolate) and the n-terminal portion of the ci repressor of phage lambda. this antiserum specifically recognized p3 synthesized in the in vitro wheatgerm translation system and also in infected chenopodium quinoa plants. in these plants, the amount of virus increased for 10 days, then remained constant for up to 21 days, whereas p3 ... | 1992 | 1279107 |
| quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd) an important andean food crop. | 1992 | 1342156 | |
| replication of grapevine fanleaf virus satellite rna transcripts in chenopodium quinoa protoplasts. | a set of full-length cdna clones of the satellite rna of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus isolate f13 (gflv-f13) was constructed with a variable number of additional, non-viral nucleotides at the 5' and 3' ends. the biological activity of the rnas transcribed from these constructs was tested in chenopodium quinoa protoplasts using a helper virus. when inoculated with arabis mosaic virus s (armv-s) rna as helper, transcripts with 33 non-viral nucleotides at the 5' end (tr45p4) did not replicate, where ... | 1992 | 1383395 |
| cis-active sequences near the 5'-termini of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4. | rnas 3 and 4 of the multicomponent genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus are dispensable for infection of chenopodium quinoa leaves. we have used mutagenesis of biologically active rna 3 transcripts to identify 5'-proximal sequences essential in cis for rna 3 amplification. one such element, box i, (nucleotides 283-292) was complementary to the first 10 residues (box i') following the 5'-terminal cap. a second cis-active element (box ii) was identified between nucleotides 237-244 and was com ... | 1992 | 1529554 |
| nutritional quality of the protein in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa, willd) seeds. | the nutritional quality of protein in quinoa seeds has been determined by amino acid assay and by animal feeding experiments. the amino acid composition of the protein in raw quinoa and washed quinoa show similar pattern. the first limiting amino acids were the aromatic amino acids thyrosine + phenylalanine giving a chemical score of 86 for protein in raw quinoa and 85 for protein in washed quinoa. threonine was the next limiting amino acid followed by lysine. the amount of lysine and sulfur ami ... | 1992 | 1546052 |
| a cdna clone of tomato mosaic virus is infectious in plants. | a cdna clone of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) genomic rna was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter and the nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal. the transcriptional initiation site of the 35s rna promoter was altered by in vitro mutagenesis so that the resulting transcripts start at the first nucleotide of the tomv sequence. in addition, 12 nucleotides were inserted in the 5' untranslated region of the tomv genome. this plasmid, psln, was used to inoculate several host pl ... | 1992 | 1583735 |
| a comparison, using dsrna analysis, between beet soil-borne virus and some other tubular viruses isolated from sugar beet. | double-stranded rna preparations from chenopodium quinoa leaves inoculated with two english isolates of beet soil-borne virus (bsbv), bsbv-n and bsbv-452n, a french isolate of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), a swedish isolate of a tubular beet virus (86-109) or a belgian isolate of a similar virus (1530) were compared following separation on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. the dsrnas of bnyvv differed in mobility from those isolated from tissue infected with the other four tubular b ... | 1992 | 1588330 |
| efficient cell-to-cell movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus requires 3' proximal genes located on rna 2. | rna 2 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) carries six open reading frames. the four 3' proximal frames encode the proteins p42, p13, p15, and p14. the first three species present homologies to proteins encoded by three overlapping open reading frames (the triple gene block) in potexviruses, carlaviruses, and barley stripe mosaic virus. p14 does not display homology with other known plant viral proteins. the functions of p42, p13, p15, and p14 were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis ... | 1992 | 1604825 |
| virus-specific proteins in cells infected with tomato black ring nepovirus: evidence for proteolytic processing in vivo. | the synthesis of proteins encoded by the rna of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) in vivo was studied in protoplasts by direct labelling with [35s]methionine, and in protoplasts and plants by immunoblotting experiments with specific antisera. comparison of the proteins synthesized in infected and mock-inoculated protoplasts suggested that proteins of m(r) 120k, 90k, 80k, 57k and 46k were virus-specific. the proteins derived from the rna-1-encoded polyprotein detected by immunoblotting were a stable ... | 1992 | 1629691 |
| immunodetection of the proteins encoded by grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus rna2. | fragments of the putative non-structural proteins (44k and 46k) encoded by rna2 of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (gcmv) were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli and used to raise specific antisera. all three proteins encoded by gcmv rna2 (viral coat protein, and the 44k and 46k proteins) were detected by immunoblotting in subcellular fractions prepared from the leaves of infected chenopodium quinoa plants, confirming a previously proposed model of the gcmv rna2-encoded polyprote ... | 1992 | 1645145 |
| a pitfall in determining the globulin/albumin ratio in amaranth grains. | in amaranth grains (amaranthus hypochondriacus l. and amaranthus cruentus l.), there were two albumin (alb) fractions, alb-1 and alb-2; alb-1 was extracted with water or 0.5 m nacl, and alb-2 was extracted with water after extracting alb-1 and globulin. the amount of alb-2 comprised about 30% of the total albumin and globulin content. little or no measurable protein corresponding to the amaranth alb-2 was extracted from seeds of buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), quinoa (chenopodium quinoa ... | 1992 | 1506925 |
| identification and characterization of pseudo-recombinants of red clover mottle comovirus. | cdna clones specific for the two genomic rnas of strain o of the comovirus red clover mottle virus (rcmv) were constructed. using these clones, in conjunction with clones specific for rnas of rcmv strain s, local lesion isolates containing reciprocal pseudo-recombinants between strains s and o were identified. investigation of the biological properties of these pseudo-recombinants showed that the ability of rcmv to infect chenopodium quinoa is determined by b rna. the results also suggest that b ... | 1992 | 1645149 |
| identification of beet western yellows luteovirus genes implicated in viral replication and particle morphogenesis. | the roles in replication and viral assembly of different beet western yellows luteovirus gene products were investigated in chenopodium quinoa protoplasts using mutated transcripts. of the six long open reading frames (orfs) present on the viral rna, only orfs 2 and 3, which encode proteins containing conserved putative replicase domains, were essential for replication. various deletions in the 3' part of the genome within orfs 4, 5, and 6 did not affect viral replication. analysis of the progen ... | 1993 | 8337839 |
| efficient replication of the in vitro transcripts from cloned cdna of tomato black ring virus satellite rna requires the 48k satellite rna-encoded protein. | tomato black ring virus isolate l supports the multiplication of a large satellite rna of 1376 nt which has no common features with the two genomic rnas except for the terminal motif 5' vpg uugaaaa and a 3' poly(a) tail. the tbrv sat-rna contains an orf for a protein of 48k which is translated both in vitro and in vivo. to determine the function of the 48k protein we have studied the effect of different mutations introduced in the orf of the cdna clone on the capacity of transcripts to multiply ... | 1993 | 7684878 |
| the multiplication in plants of arabis mosaic virus satellite rna requires the encoded protein. | oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to create two mutations at each of three positions within the open reading frame (orf) of a cdna clone representing a satellite rna from a lilac isolate of arabis mosaic nepovirus (armv). three of the six mutants, in which stop codons were introduced at three different sites, did not direct synthesis of a translation product. the other three mutants, in which stop codons were not introduced, directed synthesis of a translation product (39k) although, ... | 1993 | 7687652 |
| partial purification and characterization of foxtail mosaic potexvirus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of foxtail mosaic virus (fmv) was partially purified from infected leaves of chenopodium quinoa. the membrane fraction of crude plant extracts contained most of the fmv rdrp activity. additional purification was obtained by solubilization of the rdrp using kcl and dodecyl-sucrose and by centrifugation through a glycerol gradient. the rna template endogenous to rdrp preparations could be removed using micrococcal nuclease but the resulting fraction was unab ... | 1993 | 8249292 |
| biologically active transcripts from cloned cdna of genomic grapevine fanleaf nepovirus rnas. | transcripts were produced in vitro by run-off transcription from full-length cdna of rna1 and rna2 of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (gflv; isolate f13) cloned downstream from a bacteriophage rna polymerase promoter. these transcripts, which possess a 5' terminal cap structure and a non-viral g residue instead of the naturally occurring genome-linked viral protein (vpg), are infectious to chenopodium quinoa protoplasts when inoculated by electroporation. synthetic rna1 alone replicated in protoplas ... | 1993 | 8429300 |
| crop/weed gene flow:chenopodium quinoa willd. andc. berlandieri moq. | introduction of the andean grain chenopod (chenopodium quinoa) into north america placed this crop within the distributional range of a related wild species,c. berlandieri. this wild species, native to the north american flora, is cross-compatible withc. quinoa. isozyme analysis of progeny fromc. berlandieri plants growing within and at the periphery of thec. quinoa fields, combined with fertility assessment and phenetic comparison among putative hybrids and parental types, indicates that over 3 ... | 1993 | 24193715 |
| properties of starch and dietary fibre in raw and processed quinoa (chenopodium quinoa, willd) seeds. | we investigated certain properties of starch in raw and in heat-treated samples of quinoa, properties that are of importance to the nutritional quality of an infant food currently being developed. scanning electron microscopy of the starch in raw seeds showed polygonal granules (0.6 to 2.0 microns diameter) to be present both singly and as spherical aggregates. thermograms (dsc) of the flours showed one transition phase for gelatinisation of the starch and another for the amylose-lipid complex. ... | 1994 | 8052579 |
| amplification in vivo of brome mosaic virus rnas bearing 3' noncoding region from cucumber mosaic virus. | the 3' noncoding aminoacylatable regions of the three genomic rnas of brome mosaic (bmv) and cucumber mosaic (cmv) viruses are highly conserved and exhibit extensive similarities in their primary and secondary structures. to investigate the functional significance of these conserved features, the 3' 186 nucleotide sequence of fny-cmv rna3 was incorporated into the 3' end of full-length genomic bmv rna2 and rna3 and their replicative competence and infectivity were examined in barley protoplasts ... | 1994 | 8091683 |
| artificial defective interfering rnas derived from rna 2 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | long internal deletions were introduced into cloned cdna of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 1-4 and transcripts containing the deletions were tested for their ability to inhibit replication of viral rna in chenopodium quinoa protoplasts and plants. no inhibition was observed with the deletion mutants based on rnas 1, 3 and 4 but the rna 2 deletion mutants all provoked a dramatic inhibition of synthesis of viral rnas 1 and 2. | 1994 | 8198439 |
| a satellite rna associated with bamboo mosaic potexvirus. | a small rna molecule with properties of a satellite rna was found in an isolate of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (bamv-v) from bambusa vulgaris mcclure. this rna (sbamv rna) and the genomic rna of bamv shared no significant sequence homology as assessed by hybridization with cdna probes derived from the genomes of bamv and sbamv rna. replication of sbamv rna in barley protoplasts or chenopodium quinoa was supported by bamv, but not by potato virus x, the type member of the potexvirus group, or other ... | 1994 | 7518162 |
| purification, properties, and subcellular localization of foxtail mosaic potexvirus 26-kda protein. | the open reading frame 2 (orf2) of the potexviral genome encodes a 24- to 26-kda protein which is part of the "triple gene block," a group of overlapping orfs also present in the genomes of the carla-, hordei-, and furoviruses. the product of these orfs is believed to play a role in the cell-to-cell movement of the viruses in host plants. the amino acid sequences of the homologous orf2 products encoded by these related viruses suggest that they specify ntp binding and possibly helicase activitie ... | 1994 | 7522371 |
| synthesis of infectious transcripts of blueberry scorch carlavirus in vitro. | blueberry scorch carlavirus (bbscv) is a filamentous virus with a polyadenylated, positive-sense rna genome. a near full-length cdna clone of bbscv was constructed by assembly of clones from a cdna library. to generate a full-length cdna clone, the 5' terminus was mutagenized by pcr to introduce nucleotides present in the wild-type virus and not in the near full-length clone, and then fused directly to the t7 bacteriophage rna polymerase promoter at the 5' terminus. capped and uncapped bbscv tra ... | 1994 | 8077955 |
| small satellite of arabis mosaic virus: autolytic processing of in vitro transcripts of (+) and (-) polarity and infectivity of (+) strand transcripts. | in vitro rna transcripts of both (+) and (-) polarities were obtained from a circularly permuted dimer clone of the small satellite of arabis mosaic virus (sarmv). the transcripts show efficient self-cleavage at the two specific sites in the sequence where the monomers were joined. autolytic processing of the full-length transcript in both orientations releases promoter-proximate fragments (+) or (-) p, promoter-distal fragments (+) or (-) d, and the monomer fragments (+) or (-) m. the presence ... | 1995 | 7531215 |
| detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | a diagnostic test based on reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). a specific 500-base-pair fragment was amplified from the read-through region of the coat protein gene located on rna-2. the viral origin of the amplified product was confirmed by sequencing, with the sequence obtained having 94.5% homology with published sequence data for bnyvv. the assay gave a sensitivity of 800 times th ... | 1995 | 7559854 |
| a subgenomic rna associated with cherry leafroll virus infections. | cherry leafroll nepovirus (clrv) genomic rna 1 (8 kb) and genomic rna 2 (7 kb) have 3' polyadenylate tracts and, extending 5' from the polyadenylate, nearly identical sequences of 1.6 kb termed the 3' common region. we observed rnas 1 and 2 and a third rna of 1.5 kb in nucleic acid extracts of clrv-infected nicotiana tabacum suspension cell protoplasts and chenopodium quinoa plants, using a hybridization probe complementary to 1 kb of the 3' common region. the third rna was partially purified by ... | 1995 | 7645232 |
| biological significance of the seven amino-terminal basic residues of brome mosaic virus coat protein. | inoculation of six brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna3 transcripts with defined deletions in the coat protein (cp) gene to three chenopodium spp demonstrated that synthesis of a functional, encapsidation-competent cp is required for the induction of local lesions. the bmv cp open reading frame contains two in-frame aug codons separated by seven amino acids, resulting in the synthesis of two cps (cp1 and cp2). to elucidate the biological significance of the n-terminal basic region of bmv cp, rna3 varia ... | 1995 | 7645235 |
| specificity in the association of tomato black ring virus satellite rna with helper virus. | the satellite rnas (sat-rnas) associated with some isolates of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) consist of single-stranded molecules of about 1375 nucleotides, encoding a nonstructural protein of 48k which has been shown to be involved in the replication of the sat-rna. the tbrv sat-rnas are also dependent for their replication and for their encapsidation on the helper virus. to characterize the nature of the association between sat-rna and helper virus, transcripts of sat-rna from tbrv isolates c ... | 1995 | 7483283 |
| expression, subcellular location and modification of the 50 kda protein encoded by orf2 of the apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus genome. | a putative movement protein of molecular mass 50 kda encoded by the orf2 of the apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) genome was expressed in escherichia coli using an expression vector and was then used to produce an antiserum. immunoblot analysis using an antiserum raised against this protein showed that the orf2 protein of aclsv was detected in both cell wall and cell membrane fractions prepared from infected chenopodium quinoa tissues. the orf2 protein from infected tissues had a molecular ... | 1995 | 7782779 |
| the small cysteine-rich protein p14 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus regulates accumulation of rna 2 in cis and coat protein in trans. | the effect of null mutations of the small cysteine-rich protein p14 encoded by rna 2 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus has been investigated using in vitro transcripts of viral rna to infect chenopodium quinoa protoplasts. the p14 mutations down-regulated rna 2 accumulation by approximately 10- to 50-fold. accumulation of minus-strand rna 2 was also diminished but rna 1 accumulation was much less affected. the inhibition of rna 2 accumulation could not be complemented in trans by providing p14 ... | 1995 | 7793082 |
| autocatalytic processing of the 223-kda protein of blueberry scorch carlavirus by a papain-like proteinase. | the first open reading frame of the blueberry scorch carlavirus (bbscv) genome encodes a putative replication-associated protein of 223 kda (p223). a pulse-chase analysis of viral rna translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate revealed that p223 was proteolytically processed. using a full-length orf 1 cdna clone in a coupled in vitro transcription/translation reaction, we confirmed that the orf 1 gene product of bbscv processes autocatalytically. from sequence alignments with phylogenetic ... | 1995 | 7871721 |
| grapevine fanleaf nepovirus p38 putative movement protein is not transiently expressed and is a stable final maturation product in vivo. | the putative 38 kda movement protein (p38) gene, located on the rna2 of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (gflv), was cloned in escherichia coli and expressed as a fusion protein fused to six histidines (6hisp38). this protein was purified and used to produce a specific polyclonal antiserum from which immunoglobulins were isolated by immunoaffinity against the recombinant 6hisp38. western immunoblot analyses on gflv rna2 in vitro maturation products showed that the antibodies were specific for p38 pro ... | 1995 | 9049337 |
| subcellular immunolocalization of the coat protein of two potexviruses in infected chenopodium quinoa. | the production of coat protein is necessary for cell-to-cell transport of potexviruses in plants. to investigate the role of coat protein in the movement process, the intracellular distribution of coat protein in tissues infected with either of two potexviruses was studied using immunocytochemical procedures. we report that coat protein antigens are associated with the plasmodesmata of infected cells. | 1995 | 8525636 |
| complete sequence of an infectious full-length cdna clone of citrus tatter leaf capillovirus: comparative sequence analysis of capillovirus genomes. | the complete nucleotide sequence of citrus tatter leaf capillovirus (ctlv lily strain) was determined. it is 6496 nucleotides long, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tract, and contains two putative overlapping open reading frames (orfs). orf1 (positions 37-6354) encodes a potential polyprotein of molecular mass 242 kda. orf2 (positions 4788-5750) codes for a 36 kda protein. the 242 kda polypeptide contains several non-structural protein domains (i.e. methyltransferase, ntp-binding helicase, pap ... | 1995 | 7561769 |
| stability of quantitative traits in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa). | the stability of various descriptive characters was studied over a 5-year period in 14 lines of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) to determine the most appropriate time in a breeding programme when selection for these characters could be performed, and which lines could serve as potential parents. various measures of stability were employed to analyse these data, including those proposed by francis and kannenberg (1978) and lin and binns (1988), appropriately modified for the purpose of this in ... | 1996 | 24162207 |
| the open reading frame of bamboo mosaic potexvirus satellite rna is not essential for its replication and can be replaced with a bacterial gene. | a satellite rna of 836 nt depends on the bamboo mosaic potexvirus (bamv) for its replication and encapsulation. the bamv satellite rna (satbamv) contains a single open reading frame encoding a 20-kda nonstructural protein. a full-length infectious cdna clone has been generated downstream of the t7 rna polymerase promoter. to investigate the role of the 20-kda protein encoded by satbamv, satbamv transcripts containing mutations in the open reading frame were tested for their ability to replicate ... | 1996 | 8610182 |
| biological and molecular properties of a pathotype p-1 and a pathotype p-4 isolate of pea seed-borne mosaic virus. | two isolates of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus, dpd1 and ny, were identified as pathotypes p-1 and p-4, respectively, by their infectivity on pisum sativum l. lines homozygous for the recessive resistance genes sbm-1 and sbm-4. the two isolates differed in several biological characteristics. dpd1 induced transient vein clearing, downward rolling of leaflets and internode shortening on p. sativum, whereas ny only caused a slight growth reduction. dpd1 moved systemically in chenopodium quinoa whe ... | 1996 | 8683223 |
| immunodetection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna3-encoded protein in different host plants and tissues. | the protein p25 open reading frame (orf) of beet necrotic yellow vein virus-bnyvv rna3 was cloned into bacterial expression vector downstream of the 5-'terminus part of beta-galactosidase orf and the expressed p25 fusion protein was used to produce an antiserum. the latter was employed to detect the subcellular location of p25 in mechanically inoculated tetragonia expansa, chenopodium quinoa and sugarbeet leaves by western blot assay. the results showed that p25 was present as a soluble protein ... | 1996 | 8886114 |
| molecular studies on bromovirus capsid protein. i. characterization of cell-to-cell movement-defective rna3 variants of brome mosaic virus. | to evaluate the extent to which brome mosaic virus (bmv) coat protein (cp) gene is involved in the process of cell-to-cell movement. chenopodium quinoa plants were coinoculated with bmv wild-type rnas 1 and 2 and a rna3 variant containing either the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene in place of cp (b3/cp-gus), to be subjected to gus analysis, or a deletion in the cp gene to be analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). irrespective of time postinoculation, gus expressed from the subgenom ... | 1996 | 8955048 |
| molecular studies on bromovirus capsid protein. ii. functional analysis of the amino-terminal arginine-rich motif and its role in encapsidation, movement, and pathology. | the n-terminal region of the brome mosaic bromovirus (bmv) coat protein (cp) contains an arginine-rich motif that is conserved among plant and nonplant viruses and implicated in binding the rna during encapsidation. to elucidate the functional significance of this conserved motif in the bmv cp, a series of deletions encompassing the arginine-rich motif was introduced into a biologically active clone of bmv rna3, and their effect on replication, encapsidation, and infection in plants was examined ... | 1996 | 8955049 |
| deletion of the c-terminal 33 amino acids of cucumber mosaic virus movement protein enables a chimeric brome mosaic virus to move from cell to cell. | the movement protein (mp) gene of brome mosaic virus (bmv) was precisely replaced with that of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv). infectivity tests of the chimeric bmv on chenopodium quinoa, a permissive host for cell-to-cell movement of both bmv and cmv, showed that the chimeric bmv failed to move from cell to cell even though it replicated in protoplasts. a spontaneous mutant of the chimeric bmv that displayed cell-to-cell movement was subsequently obtained from a local lesion during one of the expe ... | 1997 | 9032362 |
| molecular studies on bromovirus capsid protein. iii. analysis of cell-to-cell movement competence of coat protein defective variants of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. | to determine whether the role of coat protein (cp) in cell-to-cell movement of dicot-adapted cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (ccmv) is distinct from that of monocot-adapted brome mosaic bromovirus (bmv), two reporter genes, beta-glucuronidase (gus) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp), were substituted for the cp in a biologically active clone of ccmv rna3 (c3). primary leaves of nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium quinoa, and cowpea were co-inoculated with wild-type (wt) ccmv rna 1 a ... | 1997 | 9191853 |
| the enigma of px: a host-dependent cis-acting element with variable effects on tombusvirus rna accumulation. | tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) is a small isometric virus that contains a single-stranded rna genome with five major genes. in this study, we have analyzed the importance of an additional small sixth open reading frame (orf) of 207 nucleotides, designated px, which resides at the 3' end of the genome. bioassays showed that deletions or additions of nucleotides at the 5' end of the px gene that were designed to disrupt the orf, or site-specific inactivation of its start codon, all gave rise to t ... | 1997 | 9344907 |
| molecular studies on bromovirus capsid protein. iv. coat protein exchanges between brome mosaic and cowpea chlorotic mottle viruses exhibit neutral effects in heterologous hosts. | two members of the bromovirus group, brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), selectively infect barley and cowpea, respectively, and also differ in their ability to systemically infect a common permissive host, chenopodium quinoa. ccmv is confined to inoculated leaves of c. quinoa, whereas bmv causes rapid systemic mottling. to examine whether host-specific determinants for systemic movement of bmv and ccmv in each of these hosts are localized in the coat protein (cp), ... | 1997 | 9400617 |
| infectious cdna clone used to identify strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus as causal agent of the disease. | a full-length in vivo infectious cdna clone of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus (smyeav) was constructed and used to inoculate fragaria vesca 'alpine' seedlings and rubus rosifollus. both host plants could be infected using particle bombardment or agroinoculation, but not by mechanical inoculation. a method that used potted strawberry plants for particle bombardment resulted in high survival and infection rates. the plants developed systemic infection and virus particles were de ... | 1997 | 9292025 |
| characterization of beet yellows closterovirus-specific rnas in infected plants and protoplasts. | abstract tetragonia expansa plants infected with a california isolate of beet yellows virus (byv-60) contained multiple byv-specific rnas identified by northern blot hybridization. these rnas were identified by cdna probes specific to six open reading frames (orfs). one genomic rna and five subgenomic (sg) rnas representing the p65/p6.4, p64, p24, p22, and p21 orfs were identified. a probe derived from the 3'-terminal orf (p21) hybridized to each of the sgrnas, indicating the rnas are 3' cotermi ... | 1997 | 18945179 |
| purification and properties of a new virus from black currant, its affinities with nepoviruses, and its close association with black currant reversion disease. | abstract black currant reversion is a virus-like disease whose causal agent has not been identified. in rooted cuttings of a black currant plant affected with the severe form of the disease, pronounced chlorotic line patterns and ringspots developed in newly emerging leaves. from such symptom-bearing leaves, a virus was mechanically transmitted with difficulty to chenopodium quinoa and, from this host, to other herbaceous test plants. the virus was purified and partially characterized, and the p ... | 1997 | 18945119 |
| differences in root uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa. | the concentration of cs was measured in the shoots of 30 taxa of plants after exposing the roots for 6 h to 0.1 microg radiolabelled cs g(-1) soil. there were maximum differences between chenopodium quinoa and koeleria macrantha of 20-fold in cs concentration and 100-fold in total cs accumulated. there was a weak relationship between rb (k) and cs concentration across the 30 taxa, but a strong relationship within the gramineae and chenopodiaceae. taxa in the chenopodiaceae discriminated approxim ... | 1997 | 15093373 |
| uptake of various trace elements during germination of wheat, buckwheat and quinoa. | the practice of sprouting is widely used to improve the nutritional value of grain seeds. several nutritive factors such as vitamin concentrations and bioavailability of trace elements and minerals increase during germination. the objective of this work was to study the enrichment of various essential trace elements during germination of wheat (triticum aestivum), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) seeds in order to improve their nutritional role as a source of bio ... | 1997 | 9373873 |
| sampling strategy for a core collection of peruvian quinoa germplasm. | quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) is an andean crop with a high potential for cultivation under temperate agricultural conditions. a new quinoa cultivar for such an environment requires plant characteristics that may be available primarily largely in genetic resources held in gene banks. a core collection may simplify management and enhance the utilisation of quinoa genetic resources. this paper describes the development of a core subset of the whole quinoa gene bank (1029 accessions) of the universid ... | 1998 | 24710887 |
| comparison of ambisense m rna of watermelon silver mottle virus with other tospoviruses. | abstract double-stranded genomic rnas (dsrnas) extracted from chenopodium quinoa infected with watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmv) were similar to those of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv, serogroup i) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv, serogroup iii), except that the s dsrna of wsmv is 0.75 and 0.6 kbp longer than those of tswv and insv, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic m rna of wsmv was determined from cdna clones generated from separated m dsrna. the m rna ... | 1998 | 18944959 |
| beet yellows closterovirus hsp70-like protein mediates the cell-to-cell movement of a potexvirus transport-deficient mutant and a hordeivirus-based chimeric virus. | it has been suggested that the beet yellows closterovirus (byv)-encoded p65 protein, a homologue of hsp70 cell chaperones, plays a role as a virus movement protein (mp). to test this hypothesis, we used two types of complementation experiments with plant viruses containing the triple gene block (tgb) of mp genes. in one, the byv p65 gene was cloned into a 35s promoter plasmid and introduced into nicotiana benthamiana plants by microprojectile bombardment along with the 35s promoter-driven gus ge ... | 1998 | 9568985 |
| a single conserved amino acid in the coat protein gene of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus modulates the ability of the virus to move systemically in chenopodium quinoa. | two isolates of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus, dpd1 and ny, which both infect pea (pisum sativum) systemically, differ in their ability to move long distance in chenopodium quinoa. dpd1 spreads to uninoculated leaves, whereas ny is restricted to the inoculated leaves. the ny isolate was found to move from cell to cell infecting all parts of the inoculated leaves, including the petiole. the coat protein (cp) coding region was identified as the determinant of long-distance movement. virus chimer ... | 1998 | 9499805 |
| analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants. | a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ... | 1998 | 9615455 |
| cell-to-cell movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus: i. heterologous complementation experiments provide evidence for specific interactions among the triple gene block proteins. | cell-to-cell movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) requires three proteins encoded by a triple gene block (tgb) on viral rna 2. a bnyvv rna 3-derived replicon was used to express movement proteins to functionally substitute for the bnyvv tgb proteins was tested by coinoculation of tgb-defective bnyvv with the various replicons to chenopodium quinoa. trans-heterocomplementation was successful with the movement protein (p30) of tobacco mosaic virus but not with the tubule-forming mov ... | 1998 | 9650295 |
| adjuvant action of chenopodium quinoa saponins on the induction of antibody responses to intragastric and intranasal administered antigens in mice. | saponins extracted from the seed of chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) were studied for their ability to act as mucosal adjuvants upon their intragastric or intranasal administration together with model antigens in mice. quinoa saponins, co-administered intragastrically or intranasally with cholera toxin or ovalbumin, potentiated specific igg and iga antibody responses to the antigens in serum, intestinal and lung secretions. the potentiating effect of the saponins appeared, to some extent, mediated by ... | 1998 | 9681245 |
| genome properties of beet virus q, a new furo-like virus from sugarbeet, determined from unpurified virus. | based solely on the information that beet virus q (bvq) contains tubular particles, the entire nucleotide sequence of its tripartite genome was determined from unpurified virus in ca. 40 ml crude sap from locally infected chenopodium quinoa. a starting sequence for rna 1 was generated using primers corresponding to highly conserved helicase domains in the respective rnas of furo-, pomo-, peclu-, hordei- and tobraviruses, and was extended by a walking random-primed cdna approach. the similarity o ... | 1998 | 9714254 |
| identification of genes involved in replication and movement of peanut clump virus. | the genome of peanut clump pecluvirus (pcv) consists of two messenger rna components which contain, respectively, three and five open reading frames (orfs). inoculation of transcripts from full-length cdna clones derived from the pcv rnas showed that rna-1 is able to replicate in the absence of rna-2 in protoplasts, but both rnas are necessary for plant infection. to investigate the role of different gene products in viral rna replication and movement, transcripts from mutant cdna clones were in ... | 1998 | 9721240 |
| deletions in the conserved amino-terminal basic arm of cucumber mosaic virus coat protein disrupt virion assembly but do not abolish infectivity and cell-to-cell movement. | the n-terminal basic arm of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (cmv) coat protein (cp) contains a conserved arginine-rich motif, which is characteristic of rna binding proteins of several plant and nonplant viruses. to identify regions of the cmv cp n-terminus that are essential for interacting with viral genomic rna, a comprehensive set of mutations was engineered into biologically active clones of cmv rna3 and the behavior of each variant with respect to infectivity, packaging and movement was examin ... | 1998 | 9721241 |
| serological characterization of the 3'-proximal encoded proteins of beet yellows closterovirus. | the 3'-proximal open reading frames (orfs) of beet yellows closterovirus, california isolate (byv-ca), were sequenced and the expression of the corresponding proteins analyzed. the nucleotide sequence of orf 5 (coding for p24) was most conserved compared with orf 7 (coding for p20) and orf 8 (coding for p21) among the isolates analyzed. polyclonal antisera were produced to gst fusion proteins of p24, p20, and p21. accumulation of p24, cp, p20 and p21 was studied in infected tetragonia expansa pl ... | 1998 | 9722879 |
| infectivity of turnip mosaic potyvirus cdna clones and transcripts on the systemic host arabidopsis thaliana and local lesion hosts. | full-length cdna clones of turnip mosaic virus were assembled under the control of t7 or 35s promoter. the 35s or nopaline synthase terminator signals were introduced downstream the full length cdna controlled by 35s promoter. both the capped in vitro transcripts from t7 controlled template, and the cdnas from 35s controlled plasmids were infectious on arabidopis thaliana plants according to systemically induced symptoms and to elisa assays. the cdnas from 35s controlled plasmids induced local l ... | 1998 | 9725673 |
| mutations in the n terminus of the brome mosaic virus polymerase affect genetic rna-rna recombination. | previously, we have observed that mutations in proteins 1a and 2a, the two virally encoded components of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) replicase, can affect the frequency of recombination and the locations of rna recombination sites (p. d. nagy, a. dzianott, p. ahlquist, and j. j. bujarski, j. virol. 69:2547-2556, 1995; m. figlerowicz, p. d. nagy, and j. j. bujarski, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 94:2073-2078, 1997). also, it was found before that the n-terminal domain of 2a, the putative rna polyme ... | 1998 | 9765466 |
| molecular studies on bromovirus capsid protein. | brome mosaic bromovirus (bmv) and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (cmv) are structurally and genetically very similar. the specificity of the bmv and cmv coat proteins (cps) during in vivo encapsidation was studied using two rna3 chimera in which the respective cp genes were exchanged. the replicative competence of each chimera was analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts, and their ability to cause infections was examined in two common permissive hosts, chenopodium quinoa and n. benthamiana. e ... | 1998 | 9837807 |
| transmission of raspberry bushy dwarf virus by seed of chenopodium quinoa. | 1998 | 9842450 | |
| evolution of bamboo mosaic virus in a nonsystemic host results in mutations in the helicase-like domain that cause reduced rna accumulation. | a mutant population of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (bamv) was isolated after serial passage using chenopodium quinoa plants. while the wild type inoculum induced indistinct chlorotic lesions, the mutant produced obvious lesions on c. quinoa although rna accumulation of the mutant in nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts was significantly reduced compared to wild type. mutations were identified in the helicase-like domain. one rt-pcr-generated cdna clone (designated pl1-33) representing the helicase-lik ... | 1998 | 9879769 |
| detection of infectious tobamoviruses in forest soils. | our objectives were to evaluate elution and bait plant methods to detect infectious tobamoviruses in forest soils in new york state. soils were collected from two forest sites: whiteface mountain (wf) and heiberg forest (hf). the effectiveness of four buffers to elute tomato mosaic tobamovirus (tomv) from organic and mineral fractions of wf soil amended with tomv was tested, and virus content was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the effectiveness of chenopodium quinoa (will ... | 1998 | 16349545 |
| in vivo detection, rna-binding properties and characterization of the rna-binding domain of the p7 putative movement protein from carnation mottle carmovirus (carmv). | biochemical and structural characterization studies on the p7 putative movement protein from a spanish isolate of carnation mottle carmovirus (carmv) have been conducted. the carmv p7 gene was fused to a sequence coding for a six-histidine tag and expressed in bacteria, allowing the purification of carmv p7 and the production of a specific antiserum. this antiserum led to the immunological identification of carmv p7 in infected leaf tissue from the experimental host chenopodium quinoa. putative ... | 1999 | 10069961 |
| the nine c-terminal residues of the grapevine fanleaf nepovirus movement protein are critical for systemic virus spread. | the grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) rna2-encoded polyprotein p2 is proteolytically cleaved by the rna1-encoded proteinase to yield protein 2a, 2b(mp) movement protein and 2c(cp) coat protein. to further investigate the role of the 2b(mp) and 2c(cp) proteins in virus movement, rna2 was engineered by alternatively replacing the gflv 2b(mp) and 2c(cp) genes with their counterparts from the closely related arabis mosaic virus (armv). transcripts of all chimeric rna2s were able to replicate in chenopo ... | 1999 | 10374950 |
| effects of structural modifications upon the accumulation in planta of replicons derived from beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 3. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna 3 from which all but the 3' and 5' 'core' replication origins (promoters) have been deleted replicates when coinoculated to chenopodium quinoa with viral rnas 1 and 2. the resulting 'replicon' can be used to express inserted heterologous sequences in planta. the effects of alterations of replicon structure on its efficiency of accumulation in planta were examined. inclusion of up to approximately 240 nucleotides of sequence from the region immediately ... | 1999 | 10446653 |
| a simple and reliable protocol for the detection of apple stem grooving virus by rt-pcr and in a multiplex pcr assay. | primers were identified which amplify specifically a 499 bp fragment in the coat protein coding region of apple stem grooving virus (asgv) genome. these primers were used in various rt-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses for the detection of asgv in chenopodium quinoa, nicotiana occidentalis, and in species of malus and pyrus. isolates of asgv in malus and pyrus from locations in canada, china, israel, japan, nepal, pakistan, south africa, and the u.s.a. were reliably detected in leaf and b ... | 1999 | 10598077 |
| the cognate coat protein is required for cell-to-cell movement of a chimeric brome mosaic virus mediated by the cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. | cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (cmv) and brome mosaic bromovirus (bmv) have many similarities, including the three-dimensional structure of virions, genome organizations, and requirement of the coat protein (cp) for cell-to-cell movement. we have shown that a chimeric bmv with the cmv 3a movement protein (mp) gene instead of its own cannot move from cell to cell in chenopodium quinoa, a common permissive host for both bmv and cmv. another chimeric bmv was constructed by replacing both mp and cp gen ... | 1999 | 10600595 |