Publications

the growth of cooperia curticei (giles, 1892), a nematode parasite of sheep.		1960	13832779
studies on the development of the free-living stages of cooperia curticei.		1974	4531596
exsheathment of infective larvae of cooperia curticei.		1974	4534014
studies on the pathogenicity of cooperia curticei for sheep.		1975	1060974
efficacy of p-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone against gastrointestinal helminths in ovines.	a new anthelmintic candidate, p-toluoyl chloride phenlylhydrazone, was administered to lambs in a paste formulation. the efficacy of this drug was determined at dose rates of 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of body weight. helminths expelled by these dosages included haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcicta, trichostrongylus colubriformis, t. axei, nematodirus filicollis, cooperia curticei, strongyloides papillosus, oesophagostomum columbianum, bunostomum trigoncephal ...	1976	1263040
[distribution of nematode parasites of the digestive system in sheep (ovis aries) and goats (capra hircus) of the piedmontese and valdostano alpine arc].	a survey, carried out on gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats of piemonte and of valle d'aosta (87 sheep and 12 goats) has shown the presence of the following species in sheep, bunostomum trigonocephalum, chabertia ovina, cooperia curticei, haemonchus contortus, marshallagia marshalli, nematodirus abnormalis, nematodirus filicollis, nematodirus helvetianus, nematodirus spathiger, oesophagostomum venulosum, ostertagia circumcincta, ostertagia lyrata, ostertagia trifurcata, skrjabinema o ...	1977	572958
[species of cooperia ranson, 1907, (nematoda: trichostrongylidae), parasite of bovines in the state of são paulo, brasil (author's transl)].	the authors verified for the first time in the state of são paulo, brazil, the presence of cooperia curticei giles, 1892 (nematoda: trichostrongylidae), parasitizing the small intestine of cattle at the region of alta araraquarense.	1977	607908
[cooperia curticei giles, 1892 (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) parasite of goats (capra hircus) in the state of são paulo, brazil (author's transl)].	cooperia curticei giles, 1892 (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) is reported, for the first time, parasitizing the small intestine of goats (capra hircus) in the state of são paulo, brazil. the animals came from the region of the alta araraquarense. the spicules of the worms were well chitinized and measured, on the average, 153,68 micrometer with a standard error of 0,91 micrometer.	1977	607911
epidemiological studies on gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of sheep: the seasonal number of generations and succession of species.	monthly post mortem worm counts were carried out from june to september on grazing lambs, in association with faecal egg counts and pasture larval counts. similar patterns were recorded by all three methods, and egg counts proved to be a reliable reflection of worm burden over this period. a succession of species was recorded, in particular ostertagia spp and nematodirus spp in june; haemonchus contortus in july; trichostrogylus virinus in august; t axei, t colubriformis and cooperia curticei in ...	1977	841205
an evaluation of ethyl-6-ethoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamate (sch 18099) for anthelmintic activity in domestic animals.	ethyl-6-ethoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamate (sch 18099) was evaluated for efficacy against natural helminth infections in ponies, pigs, lambs and chickens. sixteen critical trials were conducted in ponies at dosages of 15 to 150 mg/kg. at 15 mg/kg, efficacy against adult and larval oxyuris equi was 100% and 91% and against small strongyles it was 98%. efficacy levels were 95% against strongylus vulgaris and s. edentatus at the 20 mg/kg dosage. in two trials at 100 mg/kg efficacy against parascaris e ...	1977	864223
efficacy of oxfendazole against natural infestations of nematodes and cestodes in sheep in egypt.	oxfendazole liquid suspension (systamex; wellcome) was administered orally at the dose of 4.5 mg per kg to 800 indigenous egyptian sheep clinically affected with dictyocaulus filaria, moniezia expansa, haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, nematodirus spp, trichostrongylus axei, cooperia curticei, trichuris ovis and oesophagostomum spp. a 100 per cent clearance was recorded for all parasites with the exception of t ovis which were markedly reduced in number.	1979	157586
efficacy of ivermectin against naturally acquired and experimentally induced nematode infections in sheep.	the activity of ivermectin against common nematode parasites of sheep was examined in 2 experiments. in the 1st experiment, 14 sheep with naturally acquired infections were assigned to 2 groups of 7 sheep each. sheep in 1 group were treated with 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight and the remainder served as nontreated controls. in the 2nd experiment, 15 sheep with experimentally supplemented infections (including a benzimidazole-resistant strain of haemonchus contortus) were assigned ...	1982	7041712
[microecological characterization of parasitic nematoda present in goats of arid zones of venezuela].	goats from the venezuelan northern arid zones were found infested by the following nematodes: haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus axei, t. colubriformis, cooperia curticei, oesophagostomum columbianum, skrjabinema ovis y trichuris globulosa. the shannon-weaver index of diversity values oscillated between 0.045 and 1.73 bits (means = 1.16 +/- 0.24 bits). the maximum value of montly diversity ranged from 1 to 2.80 bits (means = 2.49 +/- 0.28 bits) and the equitability ranged from 0.045 to 0.67 ...	1986	3587000
resistance of cooperia curticei against fenbendazole.	resistance of cooperia curticei against fenbendazole was demonstrated in the netherlands. experimental infection of lambs followed by intraruminal injection of 5 mg kg-1 showed a 100 per cent survival of the c curticei population. with an in vitro egg development assay lc50 values between 0.23 and 0.38 micrograms ml-1 thiabendazole were found. this is the first record of a cooperia species resistant against an anthelmintic.	1986	3809737
the persistence of the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin in sheep.	the persistent anthelmintic effect of subcutaneously and orally administered ivermectin given at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg was evaluated against experimentally induced infections of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia spp., trichostrongylus spp. and cooperia curticei in sheep. while both ivermectin treatments apparently resulted in some reduction in the establishment of most of the parasite species examined, only for c. curticei were these reductions statistically significant. for c. curticei, stati ...	1986	16031290
efficacy of ivermectin against cooperia curticei infection in sheep.	lambs were inoculated with a single dose of cooperia curticei. subcutaneous administration of ivermectin at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight resulted in 61.1% and 90.4% anthelmintic efficacy, when measured at 7 and 14 days after treatment, respectively. in the treatment groups, parasites that remained were located more distally in the small intestine than those in the lambs in the control groups.	1988	3354973
effect of ivermectin on the reproductive potential of cooperia curticei.		1988	3394239
anthelmintic activity of the macrocyclic lactone f28249-alpha in sheep.	the macrolytic lactone f28249-alpha was titrated in experimentally infected sheep and found to be highly effective against most of the common gastrointestinal nematodes as a single oral dose, given at a rate of 0.025, 0.05, or 0.1 mg/kg. specifically, maximal activity was evident at even the lowest dosage against adult haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcinta, trichostrongylus axei, and t colubriformis and l4 o circumcinta. activity against oesophagostomum columbianum was also high at all do ...	1990	2240816
anthelmintic activity of paraherquamide in sheep.	paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of penicillium paraherquei, was tested against the common gastrointestinal nematode species of sheep at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, per os. it was highly efficacious (greater than or equal to 98% reduction) as a single oral treatment dosages greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg against adult haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei, and the l4 stage of cooperia spp. ...	1990	2352063
comparison of an indirect haemagglutination assay and an elisa for diagnosing fasciola hepatica in experimentally and naturally infected sheep.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with somatic (s) or excretory-secretory antigens (es) was compared with an indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) for ability to detect antibodies against fasciola hepatica in sheep. the specificity of both assays was determined by testing sera collected from sheep experimentally or naturally mono-infected with fasciola hepatica, haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, cooperia curticei, taenia ovis, eimeria spp., trichostrongylus vitrinus, tri ...	1992	1485406
controlled tests on activity of contemporary parasiticides on natural infections of helminths in lambs, with emphasis on strains of haemonchus contortus isolated in 1955.	ten controlled tests were done between 1972 and 1989, in lambs on pasture, evaluating activity of fenbendazole (fbz; 5 mg/kg of body weight), oxfendazole (ofz; 3.5 and 10 mg/kg), oxibendazole (obz; 10 mg/kg), pyrantel pamoate (prt; 25 mg of base/kg), and thiabendazole (tbz; 44 and 50 mg/kg) against natural infections of helminths, with emphasis on 2 strains (a and b) of haemonchus contortus. strain a was phenothiazine-susceptible and strain b was phenothiazine-resistant when isolated in 1955. fo ...	1992	1539921
benzimidazole-resistant cooperia curticei from cornwall, england.		1992	1566544
an evaluation of an oral formulation of moxidectin against selected anthelmintic-resistant and -susceptible strains of nematodes in lambs.	the efficacy of an oral formulation of the newly developed parasiticide, moxidectin, was tested against benzimidazole-resistant haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, and nematodirus spathiger, levamisole-resistant ostertagia circumcincta, and susceptible cooperia curticei infections in weaned lambs. thirty-two lambs were experimentally infected with mixed doses of the above strains of nematodes. they were allocated into four treatment groups by stratified randomisation using live ...	1992	16031668
activity of morantel citrate against strains of benzimidazole-resistant nematodes of sheep in the united kingdom.	the activity of morantel citrate (5.94 mg/kg base) was determined in laboratory tests against field isolates of benzimidazole-resistant nematodes. its efficacies against adult and seven-day-old worms were 100 per cent and 100 per cent for cooperia curticei, 95.1 per cent and 69.8 per cent for haemonchus contortus and 100 per cent and 82 per cent for ostertagia circumcincta. morantel citrate was 100 per cent effective against benzimidazole-susceptible nematodirus battus and trichostrongylus vitri ...	1993	8236701
the efficacy and persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in sheep.	the direct efficacy and the long-term persistent anthelmintic effect of an oral suspension and an injectable formulation of ivermectin at a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 was studied in sheep. lambs were infected experimentally with haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus vitrinus and cooperia curticei. after 3 weeks they were treated with an oral suspension or with an injection, and reinfected with the same dose of larvae 3, 6 or 10 days after treatment. post-mortem worm counts showed no persistent ef ...	1993	8291186
comparative efficacy of moxidectin and mebendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in experimentally infected lambs.	a controlled trial was conducted to determine the anthelmintic efficacies of moxidectin and mebendazole. the compounds were administered orally at doses of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight and 15.0 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively, to lambs infected experimentally with large numbers of gastrointestinal nematode larvae including a benzimidazole-resistant strain of haemonchus contortus. moxidectin was 100 per cent effective against adult h contortus, ostertagia species, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia ...	1994	7975106
the effects of anthelmintics on ovine larval nematode parasite migration in vitro.	the anthelmintics ivermectin, levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole all inhibited, in vitro, the motility of third stage larvae (l3) of trichostrongylus colubriformis. the bioassay, based on the inhibition of l3 migration from agar gels, yielded sigmoid dose-response curves for ivermectin, levamisole and morantel tartrate, but not thiabendazole. the concentration of levamisole giving 50% inhibition of migration (ec50) was determined for cooperia curticei, haemonchus contortus, nematodi ...	1994	8070948
[epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants in the plateau areas in togo].	post-mortem helminthological examinations were performed in togo on small ruminants of the djallonké breed (59 sheep, 60 goats), revealing the presence of eight gastrointestinal nematode species which were, in decreasing prevalence order, trichostrongylus sp. (t. axei and t. colubriformis) (99%), haemonchus contortus (82%), strongyloides papillosus (67%), cooperia curticei (43%), oesophagostomum columbianum (40%), gaigeria pachyscelis (36%) and trichuris ovis (4%). the average worm burden was 1, ...	1995	8734228
genetic factors affecting antibody responses to four species of nematode parasite in romney ewe lambs.	serum levels of antibodies (ab) and immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) to the larval (l3) stage of the internal parasites cooperia curticei and trichostrongylus colubriformis and levels of ab to the l3 stages of haemonchus contortus and ostertagia circumcincta were determined in 1432 romney ewe lambs which were born on one farm in 1990 and 1991 and were the progeny of 63 rams. the objectives were to estimate heritabilities of, and genetic correlations among, the serum concentrations in newly weaned lambs ...	1995	7558568
comparison of two enzyme immunoassays for the detection of haemonchus contortus infections in sheep.	two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using either excretory/secretory (es) products or crude somatic antigens (csa) of adult haemonchus contortus were compared for their ability to detect antibodies against h. contortus in sheep. serum samples obtained from a group of 32 h. contortus mono-infected sheep were tested in the two elisas and the obtained data were compared with the results of the faecal examinations of these sheep. the first sheep became patent 3 weeks post infection (p.i.) ...	1995	7660570
[anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in the netherlands].	the prevalence of anthelmintic resistant nematodes in sheep was investigated in 1994 with a faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) and an egg hatch assay (eha) on 71 farms in the netherlands. a benzimidazole (oxfendazole) was tested on 70 farms, ivermectin on 51 farms, and levamisole on 35 farms. based on the fecrt benzimidazole resistance was present on 56 farms, 2 were suspected, on 9 no resistance was observed, while 3 farms could not be tested due to a too low egg output before treatment. n ...	1995	7900149
efficacy of oral moxidectin against benzimidazole-resistant isolates of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.	the efficacy of orally administered moxidectin was determined against four benzimidazole-resistant nematode isolates. at the start of the trial, 30 lambs were each infected experimentally with 20,000 third stage larvae (5000 haemonchus contortus, 7000 teladorsagia circumcincta, 3000 trichostrongylus colubriformis and 5000 cooperia curticei); 28 days later they were allocated randomly to three groups of 10: one untreated group, one group treated orally with fenbendazole (5 mg/kg bodyweight) and o ...	1995	7900256
effects of the excretory/secretory products of six nematode species, parasites of the digestive tract, on the proliferation of ht29-d4 and hgt-1 cell lines.	the excretory/secretory (es) products of the nematode parasite trichostrongylus colubriformis have been found to increase the in vitro proliferation of the epithelial cell line ht29-d4. to assess the specificity of this effect, es products from other trichostrongyle species were tested on colonic (ht29-d4) and gastric (hgt-1) tumour cell lines. adult worms of six different nematode species, parasites of the stomach or the small intestine of ruminants, were incubated in vitro in dulbecco's modifi ...	1995	9439903
antibody responses of grazing alpacas (lama pacos) in new zealand to intestinal nematodes.	alpaca (lama pacos) were grazed for 10 months (october 1992-june 1993) on pasture with sheep or on pasture which had been recently grazed by sheep. the alpaca, of various age groups, totalled 94 at the beginning of the experiment and during the course of the experiment 32 progeny (cria) were born, 10 in spring 1992 and 22 in autumn 1993. serum levels of specific antibodies to excretory/secretory antigens of the third larval stage (l3) of cooperia curticei, ostertagia circumcincta or trichostrong ...	1996	8773531
anthelmintic resistant nematodes in goats in the netherlands.	a suspected case of anthelmintic resistance on a farm with angora and anglo-nubian goats was confirmed in a controlled test. twelve lambs of sheep were infected with larvae cultured from faeces of the goats. the lambs were allocated to four groups: untreated controls and lambs treated 21 days after infection with 5 mg kg-1 oxfendazole, 0.2 mg kg-1 ivermectin or 7.5 mg kg-1 levamisole. the lambs were slaughtered 1 week later and post-mortem worm counts were performed. benzimidazole resistance was ...	1996	8916403
prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminths of nigerian goats.	a total of 120 gastro-intestinal tracts and 960 faecal samples were examined to assess the prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of red sokoto (maradi) goats slaughtered at ibadan between may 1991 and april 1992. egg types of strongyles, strongyloides, trichuris, skrjabinema, dicrocoelium and moniezia were encountered in 93%, 83%, 44%, 0.9%, 2.3% and 31% of the faecal samples respectively. however, only strongyle, strongyloides and trichuris eggs occurred in ...	1996	8960229
[helminth burden of slaughter sheep in upper bavaria. 1: species spectrum, infestation extent and infestation intensity].	the helminth fauna of 136 slaughtered sheep (99 lambs < 1 year, and 37 sheep > or = 1 year) from upper bavaria, germany, was examined. in all 2 species of trematodes, 3 species of cestodes and 24 species of nematodes were found. all the animals harboured gastrointestinal nematodes, 9 of them liver flukes, 33 moniezia spp., 19 cysticercus tenuicollis, and one sheep setaria sp. lungworms were not seen. the most prevalent species were cooperia curticei (74.3%), trichuris ovis (69.1%), ostertagia ci ...	1996	8694743
nematode burdens and immunological responses following natural challenge in romney lambs selectively bred for low or high faecal worm egg count.	breeding lines of romney sheep, selected as lambs for consistently low or high faecal nematode egg count (fec) following periods of natural challenge, have been maintained at wallaceville for some years. in order to determine the extent to which fecs in low and high genotypes reflected their ability to resist the establishment of gastro-intestinal nematode burdens, we investigated the infection status and immune responses in 8- to 9-month-old progeny of selected rams from low and high fec breedi ...	1996	8720563
a high efficiency technique for the long-term preservation of infective nematode larvae.	improvements are suggested for the existing long term techniques for the preservation of nematode larvae. haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei larvae exsheathed in sodium hypochlorite and then suspended in phosphate buffered saline (pbs ph 7.2) are cooled in the gas over liquid nitrogen at a cooling rate of -1 degree c min-1 down to -50 degrees c. larvae are then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees c. after warming at 30 degr ...	1997	9008808
use of cloned excretory/secretory low-molecular-weight proteins of cooperia oncophora in a serological assay.	the potential of cooperia oncophora excretory/secretory (es) proteins as antigens in a serological assay which aims to establish exposure levels in cattle was assessed. es proteins were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the n-terminal domains of two es proteins were sequenced, and the corresponding cdnas were cloned. two cdnas, designated coes14.0 and coes14.2, were expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant proteins were tested in an ...	1997	9196182
characterization of acetylcholinesterase secreted by the trichostrongyle nematode parasites of ruminants.	acetylcholinesterase (ache) secreted by seven different ruminant trichostrongyles was studied in vitro. ache activity was particularly high (84 and 160 x 10(-3) m.g-1.min-1) in the excretion products of nematodirus spathiger and n battus, moderate (3 and 5 x 10(-3) m.g-1.min-1) for trichostrongylus colubriformis and t vitrinus and low (0.9 x 10(-3) m.g-1.min-1) for teladorsagia circumcincta. no activity was observed with haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei. at 4 degrees c, 80% of ache act ...	1997	9208448
the repeatability of faecal egg counts in polish wrzosówka sheep.	the number of nematode eggs in the faeces was estimated in polish wrzosówka sheep, in the spring and autumn of 1993 and again in 1994. the sheep had been naturally infected. the dominant species were haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta, but trichostrongylus spp., cooperia curticei, nematodirus spp. and chabertia ovina were also present. anthelmintics were not used. egg counts were skewed, with a range of 0-4100 eggs g-1 (epg); most sheep had egg counts below 100 epg. egg counts we ...	1997	9211649
a survey of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep in the netherlands.	the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep was surveyed in 1994 on 70 farms in the netherlands. an in vitro egg hatch assay, faecal egg count reduction (fecr) 14 days after treatment, and larval cultures were used as methods of investigation. oxfendazole was tested on 69, ivermectin on 51, and levamisole on 36 farms. the median effective dose (ed50) of thiabendazole could be determined on 64 farms. on 60 farms (94%) the ed50 value was > or = 0.12 microgram ml-1, which is ind ...	1997	9413114
genetic evidence indicating that cooperia surnabada and cooperia oncophora are one species.	sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of ribosomal dna were determined for the trichostrongylid nematodes cooperia surnabada and cooperia oncophora, to test the hypothesis that they represent one species. also included for comparison were other morphologically distinct species within the genus, namely cooperia punctata and cooperia curticei. there were no differences in the consensus its-2 sequences between c. oncophora and c. surnabada, whereas each taxon differed from c. ...	1998	9512997
efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against nematode and arthropod endoparasites in sheep.	five controlled trials were conducted in germany or in the united kingdom, using 74 female sheep of merino or dorset horn breeds, to evaluate the efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against naturally acquired or induced infections of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and nasal bot larvae and against incoming infections with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. half of the animals were treated with one ivermectin controlled-release capsule that delivered ivermectin at th ...	1998	9571756
[endoparasitic infections in sheep from the swabian alb].	the endoparasite fauna of 59 slaughtered sheep (30 lambs, 29 ewes) from the swabian alb, germany, was examined. one species of trematodes, 3 species of cestodes, 29 species of nematodes (23 species of gastro-intestinal and 6 species of lung nematodes), 1 species of arthropodes and 1 species of protozoa were recorded. all animals were infected with dicrocoelium dentriticum as well as gastro-intestinal and lung nematodes, 45.8% with moniezia spp., 15.3% with cysticercus tenuicollis, 55.9% with oes ...	1998	9857565
localization and migration of benzimidazole resistant and susceptible adult cooperia curticei in the small intestine of sheep after treatment with thiabendazole.	four groups of three lambs per group were experimentally infected with cooperia curticei susceptible (two groups) or resistant (two groups) to benzimidazoles, and distributions of adult worms in the small intestine were studied. for each cooperia isolate, one group was treated with thiabendazole (tbz) (5 or 50mg/kg bodyweight) 28 days after infection. in the two untreated groups, the population of c. curticei were present from the second to the tenth meter of intestine from the pylorus with a ma ...	2000	11027860
studies on the immunoglobulin e responses to teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep: purification of a major high molecular weight allergen.	studies on the immunoglobulin (ig)e immune responses to the gastric nematode, teladorsagia circumcincta, have demonstrated a major high molecular weight allergen (hmwtc). cross reactive allergens of similar mw were demonstrated for trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei, but not for haemonchus contortus. purification of hmwtc was achieved by gel-filtration chromatography, and nonreducing sds-page and western blot analysis revealed two closely associated bands with a molecular weigh ...	2001	11309133
intestinal infusion of soluble larval antigen stimulates rejection of heterologous nematode larvae by immune sheep.	sheep immunised by multiple truncated infections with trichostronglyus colubriformis were highly resistant to subsequent challenge with homologous exsheathed larvae, administered via a surgically implanted duodenal cannula. the duration of immunity after truncated infections was 12-14 weeks against challenge with t. colubriformis or cooperia curticei, but there was little cross-protection against challenge with nematodirus spathiger. when immune sheep were given booster doses of t. colubriformis ...	2002	12049466
kinetics of exsheathment of infective ovine and bovine strongylid larvae in vivo and in vitro.	the aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of exsheathment of ovine and bovine 3rd-stage strongylid larvae in an artificial rumen (rusitec) and to compare the results with in vivo data obtained from rumen-fistulated sheep. infective larvae were incubated in nylon mesh bags in the sheep rumen or the rusitec apparatus for periods of 1, 6 and 12 h, respectively. the 12 h exsheathment rates in the rumen and the rusitec apparatus (in parentheses) were as follows: haemonchus cont ...	2002	12166522
quantitative analysis of its2 sequences in trichostrongyle parasites.	real-time pcr assays were developed to identify and quantify common gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants. the assays were based on genus-specific primer and probe combinations derived from the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) ribosomal dna transcription unit of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia leptospicularis, trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei. the taqman probes for the first two species were labelled with 6-carboxyfluorescein and those for the latter two with vic ...	2002	12392918
immune rejection of trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep; a possible role for intestinal mucus antibody against an l3-specific surface antigen.	sheep that have been immunized by multiple truncated infections with the parasitic nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis contain anti-larval activity in their intestinal mucus and high-speed mucus supernatants. this activity induces t. colubriformis l3 to clump in vitro and causes a significant reduction in larval establishment in naive sheep after infusion of larvae and mucus into the intestinal lumen via a duodenal cannula. in this report, we provide evidence that one factor contributing to ...	2003	12753437
confirmation of resistance to ivermectin by cooperia curticei in sheep.	to investigate the occurrence of resistance to a full dose of oral ivermectin by cooperia curticei in sheep.	2005	16220129
the possibilities and limitations of evasive grazing as a control measure for parasitic gastroenteritis in small ruminants in temperate climates.	between 1999 and 2003 studies were done at utrecht university on the population dynamics of gastrointestinal nematodes and the potential to use evasive grazing for the control of nematode infections in small ruminants. on most pastures grazed in may and june it took at least 3 weeks before high pasture infectivity levels for haemonchus contortus developed while it took at least 2 weeks on pastures grazed in july, august and september. occasionally, larvae emerged earlier on pasture when high tem ...	2005	15817209
the effects of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) when compared with perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, survival and migration.	two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of birdsfoot trefoil and chicory on parasitic nematode development, survival and migration when compared with perennial ryegrass. in experiment one, sheep faeces, containing 10,385 cooperia curticei eggs were added to 25 cm diameter pots containing birdsfoot trefoil, chicory or ryegrass, and the pots maintained under optimal conditions for nematode parasite development. replicate pots of each forage type were destructively sampled on day ...	2006	16495015
effect of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) silage and hay on established populations of haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei in lambs.	the objective of the study was to examine the effect of dried and ensiled sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) on established populations of haemonchus contortus (abomasum) and cooperia curticei (small intestine) in lambs under controlled conditions. twenty-four parasite naïve lambs were inoculated with a single dose of infective larvae of these parasites 28 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment. twenty-four days post-infection, 4 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment, animal ...	2006	16934938
feasibility of genus-specific real-time pcr for the differentiation of larvae from gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep.	results of real-time pcr analysis of coproculture third stage larvae (l3) using genus specific taqman minor groove binder probes were compared with the results of morphological differentiation of l3 after coprocultured and direct morphological worm differentiation from gastrointestinal samples of eight sheep with naturally acquired nematodes infections. faecal egg counts prior to postmortem confirmed infections with trichostrongyles with a geometric mean count of 4828 eggs per gram for all sheep ...	2006	17009713
individual administration of three tanniferous forage plants to lambs artificially infected with haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei.	we investigated direct anthelmintic effects associated with the feeding of fresh tanniferous forages against established populations of haemonchus contortus and cooperia curticei in lambs. twenty-four parasite naive lambs were inoculated with a single dose of infective larvae of these two parasites 27 days prior to the start of the feeding experiment. lambs were individually fed with either chicory (cichorium intybus), birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) or a ...	2007	17336459
prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern ethiopia.	a 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (gi) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern ethiopia. during may 2003 to april 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and gi tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of haramaya, harar, dire dawa and jijiga in eastern ethiopia. all animals were raised in the farming areas ...	2007	17969715
arrested development of sheep strongyles: onset and resumption under field conditions of central europe.	two tracer tests were conducted between august 2004 and march 2007 at an ecological farm in western bohemia. the first tracer test was performed for the summer-autumn grazing period (onset of arrested development), the second for spring (resumption of arrested development). in the first tracer test, the percentage of nematodes arresting development over the winter months reached 87.7% for teladorsagia circumcincta, 66.7% for haemonchus contortus, 89.9% for nematodirus filicollis, 21.6% for trich ...	2008	18454350
dose determination studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep.	monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. three dose determination studies were conducted in australia and switzerland to identify the minimum therapeutic dose of monepantel when formulated for the oral treatment of sheep to control fourth stage (l4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae. in each study, sheep infected with the target nematodes (selected from haemonchus contortus, teladors ...	2008	18760536
linear distribution of nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract of tracer lambs.	forty-eight tracer lambs were killed in 2004-2007. the abomasum, duodenum, small intestine (jejunum and ileum), colon and caecum were collected and processed for parasites enumeration and identification-mucosal scrapings of both abomasums and intestines were digested. out of 48 gastrointestinal tracts examined, all were found to be positive for nematode infection. seventeen species of gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered: bunostomum trigonocephalum, cooperia curticei, haemonchus contortus, ...	2008	18766377
dose confirmation studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep.	monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. nine dose confirmation studies were conducted in australia, new zealand and switzerland to confirm the minimum therapeutic oral dose of monepantel to control fourth stage (l4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae in sheep (target species were haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta, teladorsagia trifurcata, trichostrongylus a ...	2009	19135310
effect of fasting sheep for a short period on the efficacy and safety of monepantel.	eighteen, six- to seven-month-old lambs were infected experimentally with larvae of haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia curticei and nematodirus spathiger, and allocated to three equal groups. the infections were timed to ensure that fourth-stage larvae were present when groups 1 and 2 were treated orally with monepantel. group 1 was not fed for 24 hours before the treatment, group 2 was fed two hours before the treatme ...	2009	19596676
the efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in three countries of southern latin america.	the efficacy of the novel anthelmintic, monepantel (an amino-acetonitrile derivative), was investigated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in five studies in argentina, brazil, and uruguay. monepantel, administered at 2.5 mg/kg liveweight, was highly effective (>99.7%) against haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia curticei, cooperia mcmasteri, cooperia oncophora, cooperia pectinata, c ...	2009	19789895
the use of parasites as bioindicators of pesticide exposure.	organisms used in risk assessment of pesticides must be the most sensitive ones to pesticides exposure. the aim of this study was to observe the effect of two commercial pesticide products (containing glyphosate and tolylfluanid) to larval stages of parasites cooperia curticei, ostertagia circumcincta, haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus axei. there were two concentrations tested for each product vs. control group. larvae (500 individuals/petri dish) were incubated at 27 °c and observed da ...	2009	21217852
the effect of sheep breed, age, and gender on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative.	this analysis investigated the influence of breed and gender on the pharmacokinetics of monepantel, and influence of breed, age, and gender on its efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in a comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles from two studies, merino lambs had significantly greater maximum concentrations of monepantel and monepantel sulfone, and faster times to reach these concentrations than dorset cross lambs. males had a statistically greater area under the curve (0-504 h) ...	2010	19898870
effect of route of administration on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of an experimental formulation of the amino-acetonitrile derivative monepantel in sheep.	the effect of the route of administration (oral, intraruminal and intra-abomasal) on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the new anthelmintic monepantel in sheep was investigated. the target nematodes were fourth-stage haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei. a clear difference in efficacy was identified between the routes of administration, although the difference did not consistently reach statistical significance; oral treatment w ...	2010	20400740
efficacy of a combined oral formulation of derquantel-abamectin against the adult and larval stages of nematodes in sheep, including anthelmintic-resistant strains.	derquantel (dql), a semi-synthetic member of a novel anthelmintic class, the spiroindoles, in combination with abamectin (aba) [as the combination product startect(-«)] is a new entry for the treatment and control of parasites in sheep. the 19 studies reported herein were conducted in australia, new zealand, south africa and the united kingdom to demonstrate the efficacy of derquantel-abamectin (dql-aba) against a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes of sheep, and to supp ...	2011	21684691
safety and efficacy against fourth-stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae, of monepantel in 6-week old lambs.	a controlled, blinded study was undertaken in 6-week old, pre-weaned lambs to demonstrate the safety and efficacy against fourth-stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae, of monepantel administered per os at 2.5mg/kg body weight. worm burdens of 10 monepantel-treated lambs were compared to those from 10 untreated control lambs. geometric mean derived efficacies of 100, 100, 96.4 and 99.9% were demonstrated against haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia spp., cooperia curticei and trichostrongylus colu ...	2011	22075043
therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin extended-release injection against induced infections of developing (fourth-stage larvae) and adult nematode parasites of cattle.	the therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (eri) formulation was evaluated against induced infections of developing fourth-stage larval or adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle in a series of six studies under two identical protocols (three each for developing fourth-stage larvae or adults) conducted in the usa, germany or the uk (two studies at each location, one per stage). each study initially included 16 nematode-free cattle. the cattle were ...	2012	23273929
nematode burdens of pastured cattle treated once at turnout with eprinomectin extended-release injection.	the efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (eri) formulation was evaluated against infections with third-stage larvae or eggs of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle under 120-day natural challenge conditions in a series of five studies conducted in the usa (three studies) and in europe (two studies). for each study, 30 nematode-free (four studies) or 30 cattle harboring naturally acquired nematode infections (one study) were included. the cattle were of various ...	2012	23273928
in vivo anthelmintic activity of anogeissus leiocarpus guill & perr (combretaceae) against nematodes in naturally infected sheep.	the identification of new anthelmintic drugs becomes a priority because of the availability of a handful of drugs, cost of treatments, and recent emergence of drug resistance. medicinal plants are a good source of bioactive compounds for development of drugs. in this study, in vivo efficacy of anogeissus leiocarpus was assessed in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. fecal examination, serological analyses, and necropsy were carried out to determine the egg and worm-burden r ...	2013	23657462
pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of topical eprinomectin in goats prevented from grooming.	pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic activity of topical eprinomectin in goats prevented from physical contact to others and self-grooming were studied. sixteen approximately 7 months old male castrated german white noble goats harbouring induced infections of gastrointestinal nematode parasites were included in the study. they were blocked based on pre-treatment body weight (range 22.4 to 36.4 kg) and then randomly allocated to the untreated control group or the group treated with topical 0.5% w/v ...	2014	25106840
species-specific pcr for the identification of cooperia curticei (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) in sheep.	agricultural ruminants usually harbour mixed infections of gastrointestinal nematodes. a specific diagnosis is important because distinct species can differ significantly in their fecundity and pathogenicity. haemonchus spp. and cooperia spp. are the most important gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants in subtropical/tropical environments. in brazil, c. punctata is more adapted to cattle than sheep. additionally, c. spatulata appears to be more adapted to cattle, whereas c. curticei is ...	2014	23721998
a multiplex pcr-based method to identify strongylid parasite larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures and/or pasture samples.	a multiplex pcr-based method was developed to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination as a means of identifying individual infective larvae from the wide range of strongylid parasite species commonly encountered in sheep in mixed sheep-cattle grazing situations in new zealand. the strategy employed targets unique species-specific sequence markers in the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) region of ribosomal dna of the nematodes and utilises individual larval lysates as reacti ...	2014	24373513
real-time pcr/dna melting curve-based assay to identify individual strongylid larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures.	a closed-tube real-time pcr (rt pcr) method was developed to identify individual strongylid nematode larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures. the method builds on an earlier conventional pcr assay established by our group and similarly targets species-specific sequence motifs in the its-2 region of ribosomal dna. the new procedure combines rt pcr with dna melting curve analyses to identify species-specific amplicons, thus avoiding the need to undertake gel electrophoresis. as with the earlie ...	2015	26526096
establishment rate of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus).	to investigate the establishment of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in red deer, five red deer and five sheep aged 5-6 months were challenged with a mixed burden of sheep gin at a rate of 327l3/kg bodyweight. the lsmean (se) establishment rates (%) for haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, cooperia curticei, trichostrongylus spp. and oesophagostomum+chabertia spp. were 18.6 (0.03), 35.5 (0.04), 30.7 (0.04), 74.9 (0.05), 19.9 (0.06), respectively in sheep and 10.5 (0.03), 1.0 (0 ...	2015	25657087
lack of efficacy of monepantel against trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep in brazil.	multiple drug resistance of nematodes against anthelmintics has become one of the most important economic problems in sheep production worldwide. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of monepantel (2.5mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes in fecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) and controlled efficacy test (ct) in naturally infected sheep. we used 30 sheep for the fecrt and 20 sheep for the ct, equally divided into control and treated groups. in the fecrt, the reduction ...	2016	26801587
gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in botucatu, state of são paulo, brazil.	gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in botucatu, state of são paulo, brazil between april 2008 and march 2011. every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. at the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. the seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of h. contortus, w ...	2016	25271455
eprinomectin pour-on (eprinex® pour-on, merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep.	the anthelmintic efficacy of the 0.5% w/v topical formulation of eprinomectin (epn), eprinex® pour-on (merial) when administered at 1 mg/kg body weight was evaluated in sheep in two dose confirmation laboratory studies and one multicenter field study. in addition, the pharmacokinetics of epn when administered at that dosage to adult sheep was determined.	2017	28558828
a novel snapback primer probe assay for the detection and discrimination of sympatric haemonchus species using dna melting analysis.	different sympatric species of haemonchus parasites infecting ruminants and camels can be distinguished morphologically, but involves tedious microscopic examinations, measurements and several other limitations. information on internal transcribed spacer-2 (its-2) sequence provides confirmatory differentiation of sympatric haemonchus species. the present study introduces a novel, snapback primer probe based, real time pcr assay for the differentiation of three sympatric haemonchus species, h. co ...	2017	28242041
genetic basis of benzimidazole resistance in teladorsagia circumcincta in ireland.	resistance to benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics is common in ovine nematodes of economic importance. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) at three positions in the isotype 1 β- tubulin gene have been associated with bz resistance and molecular tests for the detection of bz resistance have been developed. in order to determine if such tests are practicable in ireland the polymorphisms associated with bz resistance must be identified. to this end, bz-resistant nematodes were recovered from four fa ...	2017	28228936