Publications

reproductive disturbances of romney ewe lambs grazed on red clover (trifolium pratense) pastures.		1958	13590269
[actions of various antibiotics on symbiosis of the red clover (trifolium pratense l.)].		1963	14048729
enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle in rhizobia and nodules of legumes.	the relatively high level of fatty acids in soybean nodules and rhizobia from soybean nodules suggested that the glyoxylate cycle might have a role in nodule metabolism. several species of rhizobia in pure culture were found to have malate synthetase activity when grown on a number of different carbon sources. significant isocitrate lyase activity was induced when oleate, which presumably may act as an acetyl coa precursor, was utilized as the principle carbon source. malate synthetase was activ ...	1966	16656404
electron microscopy of the development of erysiphe polygoni in resistant and susceptible trifolium pratense.		1969	5377739
[sodium, zinc and managanese available to dairy cows grazing on weathered soils of different geological origins, as determined by analysis of the black hairs of the cattle, and of hops and purple clover].		1971	5556570
formation of tumor-like structures on legume roots by rhizobium.	tumor-like structures appeared on the roots of medicago sativa, alysicarpus vaginalis, and trifolium pratense inoculated with a non-nodulating strain of rhizobium trifolii or with irradiated cultures of either of two nodulating rhizobium strains. the structures were composed of disorganized plant tissues which, on the basis of microscopic examination, were devoid of bacterial cells. rhizobia which could nodulate legumes of one cross-inoculation group and which were able to induce formation of su ...	1971	4995381
effect of meloidogyne incognita on reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans in red clover and alfalfa.	roots of seedlings of red clover and alfalfa growing on 10(1) hoagland and arnon solution agar were inoculated with various combinations of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus penetrans. egg-laying by p. penetrans decreased as the number of nematodes, the ratio of entrant m. incognita to entrant p. penetrans, and the priority of invasion of roots by m. incognita increased. embryogeny and hatching of eggs of p. penetrans, and development of larvae of m. incognita, were not affected. in red clo ...	1975	19308128
effects of potassium fertilization and pratylenchus penetrans on yield and potassium content of red clover and alfalfa.	red clover and alfalfa were inoculated with pratylenchus penetrans and grown in an alberry sandy loam soil to which potassium (k) was added at seeding at 0, 41.5, 83, and 166 microg/g. in one experiment with alfalfa, additional k was added after each forage cut to replace that which was removed. nematode populations were not consistently affected by k fertilization. nematode infection stunted red clover and alfalfa and resulted in lower yields at all k levels, except for alfalfa at the lowest k ...	1976	19308208
microbial changes in clover rhizosphere after foliar and soil application of cobalt.	application of cobalt(ii) nitrate to the leaves of red clover (trifolium pratense l.) resulted in a pronounced increase of dry weight and the number of root nodules. counts of bacteria in the rhizosphere, content of ammonia and production of carbon dioxide in rhizosphere soil were also higher, whereas the content of nitrates decreased. differences in the counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, azotobacter, anaerobic bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria in the rhizosphere of control and treated ...	1978	669491
[biological fertilization (mycorrhiza + rhizobium + phosphobacteria) of trifolium pratense in different cultural conditions].		1979	293006
in vitro digestion of bloat-safe and bloat-causing legumes by rumen microorganisms: gas and foam production.	leaves of three bloat-safe legumes -- birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus l.), sainfoin (onobrychis viciaefolia scop.), and cicer milkvetch (astralagus cicer l.) -- and of three bloat-causing legumes -- alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), and white clover (trifolium repens l.) -- were incubated with strained rumen fluid or with mixed rumen fluid and solids. gas released was measured during the early period (0 to 22 h) of this in vitro digestion. gas volume was gre ...	1980	7419778
isotopic fractionation associated with symbiotic n(2) fixation and uptake of no(3) by plants.	isotopic fractionation associated with n(2) fixation and no(3) (-) uptake by plants are relevant to the accuracy of estimates of n(2) fixation based on differences in the natural abundance of (15)n between n(2) fixing and nonfixing plants. the isotope effect on n(2) fixation by soybeans (glycine max [l] merrill, variety harosoy) and red clover (trifolium pratense [l]) was determined from the difference in (15)n abundance between atmospheric n(2) and the total n of plants grown hydroponically wit ...	1980	16661392
n abundance of nodules as an indicator of n metabolism in n(2)-fixing plants.	this paper expands upon previous reports of (15)n elevation in nodules (compared to other tissues) of n(2)-fixing plants. n(2)-fixing nodules of glycine max (soybeans), vigna unguiculata (cowpea), phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean), prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), and olneya tesota (desert ironwood) were enriched in (15)n. nodules of vicia faba (fava beans), arachis hypogaea (peanut), trifolium pratense (red clover), pisum sativum (pea), lathyrus sativus ...	1982	16662517
allelopathic properties of α-terthienyl and phenylheptatriyne, naturally occurring compounds from species of asteraceae.	alpha-terthienyl (α-t), a naturally occurring polyacetylene derivative from roots oftagetes erecta l., and phenylheptatriyne (pht), from leaves ofbidens pilosa l., were tested as possible allelopathic agents against four seedling species (asclepias syriaca l.,chenopodium album l.,phleum pratense l.,trifolium pratense l.).asclepias was the most sensitive of the species. allelopathic activity was enhanced in the presence of sunlight or sources of near-uv, with lc50s fora. syriaca of 0.15 ppm and 0 ...	1982	24415251
competitiveness of rhizobium trifolii strains associated with red clover (trifolium pratense l.) in mississippi soils.	five strains of rhizobium trifolii were evaluated in competition with indigenous populations in nodulating red clover (trifolium pratense l.) cv. kenland in two different soils in mississippi. double antibiotic resistance acquisition was used to measure the proportion of nodules occupied by the introduced mutant strains. in vertisol soil, strains rp113-7, 162bb1, lm1, and 162p17 were recovered in at least 94% of the assayed nodules, whereas ta1 was found in 83.8% of the nodules. at an ultisol lo ...	1982	16346130
transfer of rhizobium meliloti psym genes into agrobacterium tumefaciens: host-specific nodulation by atypical infection.	the psym megaplasmid of rhizobium meliloti 2011 mobilized by plasmid rp4, or plasmid pgmi42, an rp4-prime derivative which carries a 290-kilobase psym fragment including nitrogenase and nod genes, was introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens. the resulting transconjugants induced root deformations specifically on the homologous hosts medicago sativa and melilotus alba and not on the heterologous hosts trifolium pratense and trifolium repens. the root deformations were shown to be genuine nodule ...	1984	6690420
the role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of lotus pedunculatus for sheep. rates of body and wool growth.	lotus pedunculatus (cv. grasslands maku) grown on acid low-fertility soil and containing high concentrations of condensed tannin (76-90 g/kg dry matter (dm] was grazed by growing sheep for 31-42 d periods in three experiments. in expt 2 an additional group of lambs grazed areas oversown with white clover (trifolium repens) and red clover (trifolium pratense). lambs were transferred from grazing ryegrass (lolium perenne)-white clover straight on to lotus in all experiments (unconditioned sheep). ...	1985	4063306
associative nitrogen fixation by klebsiella spp.: adhesion sites and inoculation effects on grass roots.	adhesion sites on grass roots for klebsiella strains carrying type 3 or type 1 fimbriae or both were determined. adhesion of the strains to the roots of poa pratensis and festuca rubra was highly localized; the bacteria adhered strongly to root hairs and with a markedly lower efficiency to the surface of the zone of elongation and to the root cap mucilage. no adhesion to the epidermal cells between root hairs was observed. the adhesion sites were identical for the type 3- and 1-fimbriated bacter ...	1986	16347205
the role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 5. effects on the endocrine system and on adipose tissue metabolism.	1. three experiments were conducted using lotus pedunculatus containing high concentrations of condensed tannins (ct), and utilizing the principle that polyethylene glycol (peg) application (molecular weight 3350) will irreversibly bind a portion of the ct and thus reduce the dietary reactive (i.e. non-peg bound) ct concentration. lotus diets containing 95, 45 and 14 g total reactive ct/kg dry matter (dm), induced by spraying with three peg rates, were given to sheep at hourly intervals (600 g d ...	1986	3676235
clonal propagation of trifolium pratense, t. resupinatum and t. subterraneum by direct somatic embryogenesis on cultured immature embryos.	direct somatic embryogenesis on immature zygotic embryos in vitro has been confirmed for trifolium pratense and extended to t. resupinatum and t. subterraneum. for all species direct embryo cloning can be achieved on an appropriate basal medium supplemented with 1gl(-1) yeast extract and 0.05 mgl(-1) bap. basal medium/sucrose formulation, level of yeast extract and level of bap affected the nature of in vitro responses. in particular, for t. pratense and t. subterraneum lowering of the yeast ext ...	1986	24248123
cryptic viruses in hop trefoil (medicago lupulina) and their relationships to other cryptic viruses in legumes.	three double-stranded (ds) rna-containing viruses, named hop trefoil cryptic virus (htcv) 1, 2 and 3, were found in apparently healthy seedlings of hop trefoil (medicago lupulina). only 1-2% of plants tested were virus-free. the particles occurred in the cytoplasm, nuclei and nucleoli of parenchyma cells. they were purified as a mixture (htcv-m) with a mean yield of 50-100 micrograms/kg fresh tissue, and an antiserum was obtained. htcv1 was serologically related to one component (acv1) of a mixt ...	1987	3450677
creep grazing and early weaning effects on cow and calf productivity.	one hundred fifty simmental-hereford cows and calves were used in a 3-yr study to evaluate three creep grazing treatments and an early weaning treatment on cow and calf performance during midsummer (july to september). calves were approximately 150 d of age and averaged 178.6 kg when treatments were initiated. tifleaf pearl millet (pennisetum americanum l. leeke) was used as the forage for two of the creep treatments, representing two cow stocking intensities of .466 (tlm1) and .239 (tlm2) ha of ...	1988	3397337
rhizobium leguminosarum genes required for expression and transfer of host specific nodulation.	the contributions of various nod genes from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae to host-specific nodulation have been assessed by transferring specific genes and groups of genes to r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and testing the levels of nodulation on pisum sativum (peas) and vicia hirsuta. many of the nod genes are important in determination of host-specificity; the node gene plays a key (but not essential) role and the efficiency of transfer of host specific nodulation increased with addition ...	1989	24272714
in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance in red clover.	in vitro, selection is a viable method of selecting herbicide-tolerant crops. this research was to evaluate in vitro selection techniques for enhancing 2,4-d [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] tolerance in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). in vivo and in vitro responses to 2,4-d of eight diverse red clover populations were correlated (r=0.77), justifying in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance. suspension cultures of a red clover genotype capable of regeneration were plated onto agar-based nut ...	1989	24227154
monitoring by epifluorescence microscopy of organelle dna fate during pollen development in five angiosperm species.	the fates of mitochondrial and plastid nucleoids during pollen development in six angiosperm species (antirrhinum majus, glycine max, medicago sativa, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, and trifolium pratense) were examined using epifluorescence microscopy after double staining with 4',6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (dapi) to stain dna and with a potentiometric dye (either dioc7 or rhodamine 123) for visualization of metabolically active mitochondria. from the pollen mother cell stage to the microsp ...	1991	1879613
effects of synthetic and naturally occurring flavonoids on benzo[a]pyrene metabolism by hepatic microsomes prepared from rats treated with cytochrome p-450 inducers.	activity-directed fractionation of trifolium pratense resulted in isolation of the isoflavone biochanin a, a potent inhibitor of metabolic activation of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) in cells in culture. to determine the structural features required for maximal inhibition of cytochrome p-450 mediated metabolism of b[a]p, the inhibitory potencies of 23 flavonoids on metabolism of b[a]p to water-soluble derivatives were examined in liver s-9 homogenate from rats induced with aroclor 1254. ...	1991	1913623
monensin controlled-release intraruminal capsule for control of bloat in pastured dairy cows.	monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, is potentially an important agent for bloat relief in dairy cows grazing temperate legume-based pasture. a series of studies was undertaken to determine the effect of monensin, when delivered continuously in the rumen of lactating dairy cows by means of controlled-release capsules (monensin crc). such devices release approximately 300 mg/head/day for 100 d. a short-term pilot study made at ruakura, new zealand, tested monensin crc in cows selected for ...	1991	2018451
forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: ii. stocker systems.	fall weaned angus calves grazed stockpiled 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 2) tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) tall fescue-alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) or were barn-fed, 4) tall fescue hay, 5) orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.)-alfalfa hay, or 6) tall fescue silage from late october to early april during each of 5 yr. infection of the fescue with acremonium coenophialum ranged from 0 to 55%. there were two replications each of steers and heifers for each fora ...	1992	1312526
forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: i. cow-calf production.	six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) or 2) kentucky blue-grass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.). each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red ...	1992	1548221
a soap technique for cell separation to study the seed coat of sesbania punicea.	a technique is described for separating plant cells used for morphological studies. the plant material is placed in a concentrated solution of olive oil castile soap for 1-2 days or more. the material is then thoroughly washed and placed between two glass slides. the upper glass slide is lifted from the lower one, then gently pressed down several times. through this procedure malpighian cells of the seed coat of sesbania punicea, mesophyll cells of euphorbia peplus and of trifolium pratense and ...	1993	7687883
oviposition and development of face flies in dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets.	dung was collected from angus cattle (bos taurus l.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (ef) and endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) infected (ei) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the ...	1994	7886909
evaluation of brassicas in grazing systems for sheep: i. quality of forage and animal performance.	four years of grazing trials were conducted with brassica forages to evaluate their chemical composition and effect on adg of fattening lambs and breeding ewes in late fall. brassicas tested included kales (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc), turnips (b. rapa l.), and a chinese cabbage hybrid (b. rapa l. x b. pekinensis [lour.] rupr.). daily gains of lambs varied widely among years (19 to 330 g/d); adg on brassicas were, however, generally higher than on stockpiled kentucky 31 tall fescue (f ...	1994	7928762
distribution in the western united states on alfalfa and cultivar reaction to mixed populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi.	ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from arizona, california, colorado, idaho, montana, oregon, south dakota, utah, washington, and wyoming. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. only ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. all of the 16 fields sampled in wyoming contained both nematodes. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in the wyoming samples ranged f ...	1994	19279952
a central domain of rhizobium node protein mediates host specificity by determining the hydrophobicity of fatty acyl moieties of nodulation factors.	previously, we have shown that the node gene is a major determinant of the difference in host range between rhizobium leguminosarum biovars viciae and trifolii. a new genetic test system for stringent functional analysis of node genes was constructed. by testing chimeric node genes constructed by the exchange of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated restriction cassettes, we show that a central domain, containing only 44 non-conserved amino acid residues, determines the host specificity of t ...	1995	8577248
a hierarchical analysis of population genetic structure in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.	little is known about the population processes that shape the genetic diversity in natural populations of rhizobia. a sample of 912 rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii isolates were collected from naturalized red clover populations (trifolium pratense) and analysed for 15 allozyme loci to determine the levels and distribution of genetic diversity. hierarchical analyses compared different sampling levels, geographical separation, and temporal separation. total genetic diversity across all iso ...	1996	8673267
forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: iii. finishing systems.	fall-weaned angus calves grazed or were fed different forages during winter followed by 1) n-fertilized tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grazed alone, 2) bluegrass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) sequence grazed with tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) bluegrass-white clover sequence grazed with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). heifers were supplemented with grain at 1% of bw from april until slaughter in july. on ...	1996	8707721
the in vitro biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide produced by rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, strain na 30.	rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, strain na 30 nodulates both red (trifolium pratense) and white (t. repens) clover and produces an acidic exopolysaccharide (eps) containing glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, acetate and ketalpyruvate residues in a 5:1:2:1:2 molar ratio. the in vitro synthesis of this eps as well as the characterization of five structurally related lipid linked oligosaccharides is described employing edta treated cells as enzyme preparation and 14c-labelled udp-glc, udp-gl ...	1996	8832106
floral constancy in bumble bees: handling efficiency or perceptual conditioning?	individual bees often prefer flowers of the same species that they are already foraging on, and other individual bees prefer other flowers. this "floral constancy" has classically been explained as a learned behavior by which bees avoid wasting time switching between handling techniques. choice trails were given to bombus vagans workers that were freely foraging in mixed and pure fields of trifolium pratense, t. repens, viccia cracca, and prunella vulgaris. contrary to expectation, (1) bees show ...	1996	28307449
investigation of the use of honey bees and honey bee products to assess heavy metals contamination.	experiment was carried out using 12 colonies of honey bees bred in hives located near an extraurban crossroad. we analyzed the pb, cd and zn deposited on the bee's surfaces and the heavy metal accumulation in the foragers, dead bees, honey products and some environmental markers during nine weeks of the experiment. results showed a large amount of zn and cd on the bee's surface as a consequence of atmospheric fallout, whereas pb seems to be either water-extractable and/or likely accumulated in t ...	1996	24193729
performance of lactating dairy cows fed red clover or alfalfa silage.	the objective of this study was to compare utilization of red clover (trifolium pratense l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) by lactating dairy cows. red clover and alfalfa were harvested and conserved as silage at two maturities in 2 consecutive yr. each year, diets containing experimental forages and supplemental grain were fed to 16 multiparous holstein cows in early lactation in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square lactation trial. lactation performance and nutrient intake responses caused by fo ...	1997	9436113
molecular characterization of psscde genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ta1: pssd mutant is affected in exopolysaccharide synthesis and endocytosis of bacteria.	we have identified the three genes psscde in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1. even though they were almost identical to earlier identified psscde genes of r. leguminosarum, they differed in gene lengths and gene overlaps. the predicted gene products of psscde genes shared significant homology to prokaryotic glycosyl transferases involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis. the tn5 insertion in pssd created the nonmucoid mutant that induced non-nitrogen-fixing nodules. the microscopic analys ...	1998	9805402
molecular characterization and symbiotic importance of prsd gene of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1.	the prsd, prse and orf3 genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ta1 encode the proteins which are significantly related to the family of bacterial abc transporters type i secretion systems. the prsd:km(r) mutant of strain ta1 induced non-nitrogen-fixing nodules on trifolium pratense. microscopic analysis of the nodules induced by prsd mutant did not reveal major abberations in the bacteroid appearance. the exopolysaccharide of prsd mutant was produced in increased amount and its lev ...	1998	10397353
within-population genetic diversity of taraxacum officinale (asteraceae): differential genotype response and effect on interspecific competition.	clonal offspring of five morphologically distinct individuals of taraxacum officinale were planted in a greenhouse experiment with each of three competitors, plantago major, poa pratensis and trifolium pratense. the competitors were chosen to represent a series of competitive environments experienced by a natural population of t. officinale through the year. differences in size, morphology, and response to the competitive environments were found among clones and support classification of the fiv ...	1998	21684978
antioxidant defenses in the peripheral cell layers of legume root nodules.	ascorbate peroxidase (ap) is a key enzyme that scavenges potentially harmful h2o2 and thus prevents oxidative damage in plants, especially in n2-fixing legume root nodules. the present study demonstrates that the nodule endodermis of alfalfa (medicago sativa) root nodules contains elevated levels of ap protein, as well as the corresponding mrna transcript and substrate (ascorbate). enhanced ap protein levels were also found in cells immediately peripheral to the infected region of soybean (glyci ...	1998	9449834
parasites and flower choice of bumblebees.	in a field experiment, we tested whether workers of bumblebees, bombus pascuorum and b. humilis, parasitized by larvae of conopid flies, physocephala rufipes and sicus ferrugineus, differ in their flower choice from unparasitized ones. we collected workers at random in the field and immediately tested them in experimental arenas that offered the choice of a reference plant (red clover, trifolium pratense) versus a test plant (from five species). the choices of 396 workers were analysed with logi ...	1998	9632470
effects of elevated co2 on flowering phenology and nectar production of nectar plants important for butterflies of calcareous grasslands.	effects of elevated co2 on flowering phenology and nectar production were investigated in trifolium pratense, lotus corniculatus, scabiosa columbaria, centaurea jacea and betonica officinalis, which are all important nectar plants for butterflies. in glasshouse experiments, juvenile plants were exposed to ambient (350 μl l(-1)) and elevated (660 μl l(-1)) co2 concentrations for 60-80 days. elevated co2 significantly enhanced the development of flower buds in c. jacea. b. officinalis flowered ear ...	1998	28307818
ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (medicago sativa), white clover (trifolium repens), red clover (trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne).	two experiments were performed with post-valve t-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (cp) and amino acid (aa) digestibilities. the control diets (c1 and c2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (medicago sativa) or white clover (trifolium repens) meal in expt 1 and ...	1999	10743486
characterization of an atrazine-degrading pseudaminobacter sp. isolated from canadian and french agricultural soils.	atrazine, a herbicide widely used in corn production, is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. fourteen bacterial strains able to use this herbicide as a sole source of nitrogen were isolated from soils obtained from two farms in canada and two farms in france. these strains were indistinguishable from each other based on repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr genomic fingerprinting performed with primers eric1r, eric2, and boxa1r. based on 16s rrna sequence analysis of one representativ ...	2000	10877767
forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south.	the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ...	2000	10907841
an in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome p450 3a4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures.	serial dilutions of 21 commercial ethanolic herbal extracts and tinctures, and 13 related pure plant compounds have been analyzed for their in vitro cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) inhibitory capability via a fluorometric microtitre plate assay. roughly 75% of the commercial products and 50% of the pure compounds showed significant inhibition of cyp3a4 metabolite formation. for each herbal product and pure compound exhibiting dose-dependency, the inhibition values were used to generate median inhib ...	2000	10969720
the effect of marigolds (tagetes spp.) and other cover crops on pratylenchus penetrans and on following potato crops.	root-lesion nematodes (primarily pratylenchus penetrans) were monitored in two marigold cultivars (tagetes tenuifolia cv. nemakill and cv. nemanon), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum cv. lemtal), red clover (trifolium pratense cv. florex), and soybean (glycine max cv. proteus), and in the following potato (solanum tuberosum cv. superior) crop during three growth sequences. meadow fescue (festuca elatior cv. miner) and bee plant (phacelia tanacetifolia cv. gipha) were added to the trial in the ...	2000	19271006
effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading.	the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ...	2000	15092904
evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms.	eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity. methanol extracts of red clover (trifolium pratense l.), chasteberry (vitex agnus-castus l.), and hops (humulus lupulus l.) showed significant competitive binding to estrogen receptors alpha (er alpha) and beta (er beta). with cultured ishikawa (endometrial) cells, red clover and hops exhibited estrogenic activity as indicated by induction of alkaline phosphatase (ap) ...	2001	11368622
influence of the zinc hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens j. & c. presl. and the nonmetal accumulator trifolium pratense l. on soil microbial populations.	metal hyperaccumulator plants like thlaspi caerulescens j. & c. presl. are used for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. since little is known about the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulators, the influence of t. caerulescens was compared with the effects of trifolium pratense l. on soil microbes. high- and low-metal soils were collected near a zinc smelter in palmerton, penn. soil ph was adjusted to 5.8 and 6.8 by the addition of ca(oh)2. liming increased bacterial populations and decreased metal ...	2001	11575505
screening botanical extracts for quinoid metabolites.	botanical dietary supplements represent a significant share of the growing market for alternative medicine in the usa, where current regulations do not require assessment of their safety. to help ensure the safety of such products, an in vitro assay using pulsed ultrafiltration and lc-ms-ms has been developed to screen botanical extracts for the formation of electrophilic and potentially toxic quinoid species upon bioactivation by hepatic cytochromes p450. rat liver microsomes were trapped in a ...	2001	11712913
trifolium pratense (red clover) exhibits estrogenic effects in vivo in ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats.	studies were conducted using an ovariectomized rat model to determine the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of trifolium pratense l. (red clover) extracts. a red clover extract, standardized to contain 15% isoflavones was administered by gavage [250, 500 and 750 mg/(kg x d)] to virgin, ovariectomized 50-d-old sprague-dawley rats, for 21 d in the presence and absence of 17beta-estradiol [50 microg/(kg x d)]. estrogenic effects included an increase in uterine weight, vaginal cell cornificatio ...	2002	11773503
a preliminary rapd-pcr analysis of cimicifuga species and other botanicals used for women's health.	traditional taxonomic methods of botanical identification that rely primarily on morphological observations cannot be used efficiently when only powdered plant materials are available. thus, our objectives were to determine if we could apply a molecular approach to: a) produce unique dna profiles that are characteristic of the species, and b) determine if the geographical area or time of collection influences these dna profiles. towards this end, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analyses ...	2002	12587700
novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer.	aims: this paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. growth: grazing on pure swards of red clover (trifolium pratense) or chicory (chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14 ...	2002	16032280
red clover (trifolium pratense) monograph: a clinical decision support tool.	red clover, a legume resembling soy is used by man as a phytoestrogen. other uses include asthma, pertussis, cancer and gout. the authors systematically review this herb in terms of pharmacology, efficacy, safety, side effects, standardization, dosing, toxicology as well as other parameters.	2002	15277090
soil persistence of 4-hppd-inhibitors in different soil types.	in field experiments carried out during the 1997-2001 period on four different soil types (sand, sandy loam, heavy sandy loam and clay) in flanders (belgium), the persistence of the three 4-hppd inhibiting maize herbicides mesotrione (100 and 150 g ha-1), sulcotrione (300 and 450 g ha-1) and isoxaflutole (75 and 125 g ha-1) was studied. therefore, soil samples were taken at regular intervals from application in spring and frozen. when all samples had been taken, greenhouse bioassays were set up ...	2002	12696405
oxygen deficiency affects carbohydrate reserves in overwintering forage crops.	anaerobic conditions developing under an ice cover affect winter survival and spring regrowth of economically important perennial crops. the objective was to compare, during a prolonged period of low (<2%) o2 at low temperature, the concentration of carbohydrates of four plant species contrasting in their resistance to oxygen deficiency. four perennial forage species, lucerne (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata ...	2003	12754268
influence of ageing on zinc bioavailability in soils.	currently, soil quality criteria or soil risk assessments of metals are based on laboratory toxicity tests which are carried out in soils freshly spiked with metal salts. with these data, species sensitivity distributions are fitted, from which hazardous concentrations and predicted no effect concentrations are derived. however, due to long-term processes, called ageing, soil metal availability decreases with time. here we show that ph is the most important parameter determining the effect of ag ...	2003	12963299
influence of aging on copper bioavailability in soils.	because of long-term chemical processes, metal bioavailability in field soils decreases with time. metal toxicity may, therefore, be overestimated if toxicity data with freshly spiked soils are used to derive soil quality criteria, a current practice. in the present study, effects of the long-term processes, called aging, on copper partitioning and ecotoxicity are investigated. twenty-five field soils contaminated by copper runoff from bronze statues and 25 uncontaminated control soils sampled a ...	2003	12729229
the development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on a range of herbage species or on plots of differing topographical aspect.	five "contaminations", where faeces containing trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were deposited on pasture and serially recovered, were used to compare the rate of decline of faecal mass and larval development. in the first three contaminations, faeces from a common source were deposited on swards of browntop (agrostis capillaris cv grasslands muster), ryegrass (lolium perenne cv grassland nui), white clover (trifolium pratense cv grassland tahora), or onto bare ground in the late spring, summ ...	2003	12591198
evaluation of the estrogenic effects of legume extracts containing phytoestrogens.	seven legume extracts containing phytoestrogens were analyzed for estrogenic activity. methanol extracts were prepared from soybean (glycine max l.), green bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), alfalfa sprout (medicago sativa l.), mung bean sprout (vigna radiata l.), kudzu root (pueraria lobata l.), and red clover blossom and red clover sprout (trifolium pratense l.). extracts of kudzu root and red clover blossom showed significant competitive binding to estrogen receptor beta (erbeta). estrogenic activ ...	2003	12670155
comparison of hormonal activity (estrogen, androgen and progestin) of standardized plant extracts for large scale use in hormone replacement therapy.	extracts from red clover (trifolium pratense), soybean (glycine max.) and black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) are frequently used as alternative compounds for hormone replacement therapy (hrt) to treat menopausal disorders. fifteen commercially available products made either from red clover, soybean or black cohosh were tested in in vitro assays in this study. the main polycyclic phenolic compounds of soy and red clover products were biochanin a, genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and glycitein. ...	2003	12711012
cloning and expression of the isoflavone synthase gene (ifs-tp) from trifolium pratense.	isoflavones are secondary metabolites found mainly in leguminous plants. their synthesis from flavanones is catalyzed by isoflavone synthase (ifs). we have cloned a isoflavone synthase gene (ifs-tp) from trifolium pratense that encodes a predicted 525 amino acids protein, molecular weight 59 kda, with strong homology to ifs's from other legumes. ifs-tp was expressed in all the tissues examined, and addition of glutathione and uv irradiation enhanced its expression. microsomes from yeast transfor ...	2003	12872984
the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces.	studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ...	2003	14651879
influence of bacterial strains isolated from lead-polluted soil and their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of trifolium pratense l. under lead toxicity.	we isolated two bacterial strains from an experimentally lead (pb)-polluted soil in hungary, 10 years after soil contamination. these strains represented the two most abundant cultivable bacterial groups in such soil, and we tested their influence on trifolium pratense l. growth and on the functioning of native mycorrhizal fungi under pb toxicity in a second pb-spiked soil. our results showed that bacterial strain a enhanced plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations, nodule formation, ...	2003	14663492
phytoestrogens in botanical dietary supplements: implications for cancer.	phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. a number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estroge ...	2003	15035899
impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of central europe.	the impact of land use intensity on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated at eight sites in the "three-country corner" of france, germany, and switzerland. three sites were low-input, species-rich grasslands. two sites represented low- to moderate-input farming with a 7-year crop rotation, and three sites represented high-input continuous maize monocropping. representative soil samples were taken, and the amf spores present were morphologically identified and count ...	2003	12732553
environmental modulation of the psstnop gene expression in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.	exopolysaccharide production by rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is required for successful establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with clover (trifolium pratense l.). using plasmid-borne transcriptional fusions of promoters of pss genes with promoterless lacz the effect of root exudate, phosphate, and ammonia on expression of psst, pssn, psso, and pssp genes in wild-type strain rtta1 background was determined. a stimulating effect of these environmental factors on psso and pssp gene exp ...	2004	15105887
[effect of copper pollution on seedling growth and activate oxygen metabolism of trifolium pratense].	the effect of copper (cu) pollution on the seedling growth and activate oxygen metabolism of trifolium pratense was studied by water cultivation experiments. the results showed that under low concentration of cu (< 10 mg.l-1), the growth of trifolium pratense seedlings could be improved, their fresh/dry weight and the contents of soluble protein and chlorophylls in leaves increased slightly, the mda content of leaf cells decreased, the activities of sod, cat and pod in the activate oxygen metabo ...	2004	15139202
chemical and biological characterization and clinical evaluation of botanical dietary supplements: a phase i red clover extract as a model.	botanical dietary supplements, as compared with nutritional supplements or single-component pharmaceutical drugs, are typically less-refined preparations derived from bulk plant material and, as such, require a modified approach to their development, production, and evaluation. an integrated, multidisciplinary team of scientific and clinical investigators is required in order to develop high quality phytomedicines and rigorously evaluate their safety and efficacy. research on botanicals involves ...	2004	15180571
simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome p450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction.	here we describe a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms) method with automated online extraction (lc/lc/ms) to simultaneously determine the in vitro inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on six major human drug-metabolising cytochrome p450 enzymes. substrates were incubated with a commercially available mixture of cyp1a2/2c8/2c9/2c19/2d6 and 3a4 from baculovirus-infected insect cells and the resulting metabolites were quantified with lc/lc/ms using electrospray ionisation in the select ...	2004	15384148
cloning and characterization of red clover polyphenol oxidase cdnas and expression of active protein in escherichia coli and transgenic alfalfa.	red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves contain high levels of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity and o-diphenol substrates. wounding of leaves during harvest and ensiling results in browning of leaf tissues from activity of ppo on the o-diphenols. in association with browning, leaf proteins remain undegraded during ensiling, presumably due to ppo-generated o-quinone inhibition of leaf proteases. we cloned three red clover ppo cdnas, ppo1, ppo2, and ppo3, from a leaf cdna library. sequence compari ...	2004	15466227
inhibition of extrahepatic human cytochromes p450 1a1 and 1b1 by metabolism of isoflavones found in trifolium pratense (red clover).	biochanin a and formononetin are the predominant isoflavones in red clover. in a previous study (j. agric. food chem. 2002, 50, 4783-4790), it was demonstrated that human liver microsomes converted biochanin a and formononetin to genistein and daidzein. this paper now shows cyp1b1-catalyzed o-demethylation of biochanin a and formononetin to produce genistein and daidzein, respectively, which inhibit cyp1b1. recombinant human cyp1a1 or cyp1b1 was incubated with biochanin a or formononetin. cyp1a1 ...	2004	15479032
red clover extracts stimulate differentiation of human osteoblastic osteosarcoma hos58 cells.	different extracts from red clover (trifolium pratense l.) were tested for their ability to stimulate the activity of osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (hos58). as a key marker of osteoblasticity we chose the activity of alkaline phosphatase (alp). whereas butanol and methanol extracts had no influence on either alp or cellular protein production, enzyme activity was increased significantly on incubation with chloroform extracts. all extracts were analysed for isoflavone content. the data clearly ...	2004	15490331
mycorrhizal inoculum potentials of pure reclamation materials and revegetated tailing sands from the canadian oil sand industry.	recent improvements in the management of oil sand tailings used by the canadian oil sand industry have resulted in the production of composite tailing sands (ct): a new challenging material for reclamation work. jack pine (pinus banksiana lamb.), hybrid poplar (populus deltoides bartr. ex marsh. xpopulus nigra l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense l.) plants were used in an 8-week greenhouse bioassay to evaluate the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of ct. this inoculum potential was compared with ...	2004	15883852
transformation of fulvic substances in the rhizosphere during phytoremediation of used motor oil.	changes in the chemical composition of fulvic acids in used oil-contaminated soils treated with different plant species and fertilization (fertilized, f; and nonfertilized, nf) were analyzed by fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ftir). soil contaminated with 1.5% (w/w) used motor oil was seeded with sunflower (helianthus annuus)/indian mustard (brassica juncea); soybean (glycine max)/green bean (phaseolus vulgaris); mixed grasses/maize (zea mays); mixed clover (red clover, trifolium prat ...	2004	15478929
comprehensive structural analysis of the genome of red clover (trifolium pratense l.).	with the aim of establishing the basic knowledge and resources needed for applied genetics, we investigated the genome structure of red clover trifolium pratense l. by a combination of cytological, genomic and genetic approaches. the deduced genome size was approximately 440 mb, as estimated by measuring the nuclear dna content by flow cytometry. seven chromosomes could be distinguished by microscopic observation of dapi stained prometaphase chromosomes and fluorescence in situ hybridization usi ...	2005	16769692
plant growth inhibition by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and cis-cinnamic acid.	spiraea thunbergii sieb. contains 1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (cg) and 6-o-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (bcg) as major plant growth inhibiting constituents. in the present study, we determined the inhibitory activity of cg and bcg on root elongation of germinated seedlings of lettuce (lactuca sativa), pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus), red clover (trifolium pratense), timothy (phleum pratense), and bok choy (brassica rapa var chinensis) in c ...	2005	15898503
effect of forage legumes and anthelmintic treatment on the performance, nutritional status and nematode parasites of grazing lambs.	recent studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (medicago sativa), red clover (trifolium pratense) and white clover (trifo ...	2005	15946801
effects of the environment, cultivar, maturity, and preservation method on red clover isoflavone concentration.	red clover (trifolium pratense l.) contains isoflavones that are of interest because of their benefits for human health as well as their adverse effects on the fertility of farm animals. a series of field experiments was conducted in sainte-anne-de-bellevue, qc, canada, to determine the effects of the environment, cultivar, plant maturity, plant part, and preservation method on the concentration of the two predominant isoflavones in red clover, formononetin and biochanin a. in a multi-year, mult ...	2005	16076124
phyllobacterium trifolii sp. nov., nodulating trifolium and lupinus in spanish soils.	bacterial strain petp02(t) was isolated from nodules of trifolium pratense growing in a spanish soil. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that this strain represents a member of the genus phyllobacterium. however, divergence found with the 16s rrna gene sequence of the single recognized species of this genus, phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, indicated that strain petp02(t) belongs to a different species. the results of dna-dna hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid a ...	2005	16166699
menopause: a review of botanical dietary supplements.	since the release of the women's health initiative (whi) findings, an increasing number of dietary supplement products specifically targeting women in menopause have appeared in the american marketplace. this growth highlights the need for a critical evaluation of the tolerability and effectiveness of these products. the purpose of this article is to assess the evidence for safety and benefit of botanical monopreparations used for relief of menopause-related symptoms. the cochrane library and me ...	2005	16414334
soil to plant transfer of 238u, 226ra and 232th on a uranium mining-impacted soil from southeastern china.	both soil and plant samples of nine different plant species grown in soils from southeastern china contaminated with uranium mine tailings were analyzed for the plant uptake and translocation of 238u, 226ra and 232th. substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (tf) among these radionuclides and plant species. lupine (lupinus albus) exhibited the highest uptake of 238u (tf value of 3.7x10(-2)), while chinese mustard (brassica chinensis) had the least (0.5x10(-2)). how ...	2005	15878419
[chemical forms of heavy metals in the soils and plants of copper tailings yard].	the study on the chemical forms of heavy metals in the soils and plants at the copper tailings yard in tongling city indicated that the soils were extremely poor, with organic mater content being 2.6-5.8 g x kg(-1), only 1/15 of the control, while their cu, cd, pb and zn contents were higher than the control, with cu 809.30-1395.54 mg x kg(-1) and cd 3.25-6.35 mg x kg(-1), as 30-60 times as those of the control. the heavy metals contents in zoysia japonica and trifolium pratense had a significan ...	2005	16515200
attributes of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus transmission from clover to snap beans by four species of aphids (homoptera: aphididae).	after characterization of the natural spread of necrosis-inducing bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, bymv(n)), nonpersistently transmitted from clover, trifolium repens l., to an adjacent field of snap bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., in western oregon, we established a study site enabling us to investigate the virus reservoir, to observe en masse transmission of bymv(n) to bean plants, and to identify aphid species associated with virus spread. colonies of myzus pers ...	2005	16539099
application of dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) as a root drench to legumes inhibits the growth and reproduction of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphididae).	dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) is a non-protein amino acid that is an effective inducer of resistance against a variety of plant pathogens. however, examples of baba-induced resistance against insect herbivores have not been reported. we applied baba as a soil drench to legumes and monitored its effects on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). on tic bean (vicia faba var. minor), baba increased aphid mortality, caused a reduction in the mean relative growth rate of individual insects and ...	2005	16197565
heterodera glycines infectivity and egg viability following nonhost crops and during overwintering.	the most effective management program for soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, is a crop rotation that uses nonhost crops and resistant soybean cultivars. however, little is known about the effects of rotation crops and overwintering on h. glycines biology. these experiments were initiated to determine the effects of seven alternative crops on h. glycines' ability to infect and mature on subsequent soybean crops, and to assess the viability of eggs during the overwintering months. rotatio ...	2005	19262870
the chemical and biologic profile of a red clover (trifolium pratense l.) phase ii clinical extract.	to document the chemical and biologic profile of a clinical phase ii red clover (trifolium pratense l.) extract by identifying and measuring the major and minor components visible in the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) chromatogram and evaluating each compound for estrogenic and antioxidant activity.	2006	16566672
plant bioassays for an in situ monitoring of air near an industrial area and a municipal solid waste: zilina (slovakia).	the process of a bioindication of genotoxic effects of complex mixtures on the environment using higher plants is very appropriate and effective. we present the results of an in situ indication of the genotoxic effects of polluted environment near zilina city. for a more complex monitoring we used: the tradescantia micronucleus (trad-mcn) assay, the tradescantia microspore test and an evaluation of the abortivity of the pollen grains of native plant species. we found significant differences in t ...	2006	16617421
[colonization of plant rhizosphere by actinomycetes of different genera].	the survival of environmental isolates of actinomycetes introduced with the seeds of agricultural plants in the root-free soil and in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane was studied. different strategies of colonization of the rhizosphere were revealed for the representatives of the genera streptomyces, micromonospora, and streptosporangium, the organisms typical for the moderate climate rhizosphere. the plants of winter rye (secale cereale l.) inoculated with actinomycetes were shown to have growth ...	2006	16758877
effect of biochanin a on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome p450 1a1 in mcf-7 human breast carcinoma cells.	phytoestrogen biochanin a is an isoflavone derivative isolated from red clover trifolium pratense with anticarcinogenic properties. this study examined the action of biochanin a with the carcinogen activation pathway that is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) in mcf-7 breast carcinoma cells. treating the cells with biochanin a alone caused the accumulation of cyp1a1 mrna and an increase in cyp1a1-specific 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity in a dose dependent manner. a c ...	2006	16903077
red clover (trifolium pratense).	genetic modification of plants by the insertion of transgenes can be a powerful experimental approach to answer basic questions about gene product function. this technology can also be used to make improved crop varieties for use in the field. to apply this powerful tool to red clover, an important forage legume, a population of red clover with a high potential for regeneration in tissue culture has been developed. here we provide a detailed procedure for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of ...	2006	16988360
[number and structure of actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere winter rye, oat and red clover].	the actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere of three agricultural plants by using the methods of luminescense microscopy and cup sowing were investigated. it was established, that concentration of prokaryotic biomass and biomass of actinomycetes mycelium in rhizosphere of plants is higher than in free from the radicals to soil. rhizosphera of the oat (avena sativa l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense l.) is colonized by streptomyces, micromonospora and olygospore species. dominante actinomy ...	2006	17022483
effects of isoflavones from red clover (trifolium pratense) on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats.	estrogens have a profound influence on skin. the relative hypoestrogenism that accompanies menopause exacerbates the deleterious effects of both intrinsic and environmental aging. estrogens improve skin in many ways. among these, they increase collagen content, skin thickness and improve skin moisture. there is evidence that diets with high levels of phytoestrogenic isoflavones are associated with a low incidence of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. plant extracts such as red clover, which c ...	2006	17078110
mechanisms of microbially enhanced fe acquisition in red clover (trifolium pratense l.).	soil microorganisms may play an important role in plant fe uptake from soils with low fe bioavailability, but there is little direct experimental evidence to date. we grew red clover, an fe-efficient leguminous plant, in a calcareous soil to investigate the role of soil microbial activity in plant fe uptake. compared with plants grown in non-sterlie (ns) grown plants, growth and fe content of the sterile(s) grown plants was significantly inhibited, but was improved by foliar application of fe ed ...	2006	17087472
critical review of health effects of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in post-menopausal women.	a consensus view of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in clinical interventions in post-menopausal women is presented that is based on data from the eu-funded project phytohealth. the phyto-oestrogens, primarily genistein and daidzein, were given as soyabean-protein isolates, whole-soyabean foods or extracts, supplements or pure compounds. a comprehensive literature search was conducted with well-defined inclusion or exclusion criteria. for areas for which substantial research exists only placebo-contro ...	2006	16441947