Publications

evidence that the hrpb gene encodes a positive regulator of pathogenicity genes from pseudomonas solanacearum.	the hrp gene cluster of pseudomonas solanacearum gmi1000 strain encodes functions that are essential for pathogenicity on tomato and for the elicitation of the hypersensitive response on tobacco. in this study, we present the nucleotide sequence of one of the hrp genes (hrpb) located at the left-hand end of the cluster and we show that hrpb encodes a positive regulator controlling the expression of hrp genes. hrpb has a coding capacity for a 477-amino-acid polypeptide, which shows significant si ...	1992	1479894
homology between the hrpo protein of pseudomonas solanacearum and bacterial proteins implicated in a signal peptide-independent secretion mechanism.	a region of approximately 22 kb of dna defines the large hrp gene cluster of strain gmi1000 of pseudomonas solanacearum. the majority of mutants that map to this region have lost the ability to induce disease symptoms on tomato plants and are no longer able to elicit a hypersensitive reaction (hr) on tobacco, a non-host plant. in this study we present the complementation analysis and nucleotide sequence of a 4772 bp region of this hrp gene cluster. three complete open reading frames (orfs) are p ...	1993	8316211
phenotype conversion in pseudomonas solanacearum due to spontaneous inactivation of phca, a putative lysr transcriptional regulator.	phenotype conversion (pc) in pseudomonas solanacearum is the coordinated change in production of extracellular polysaccharide and a variety of extracellular proteins, some of which contribute to virulence. although pc is normally spontaneous, it is mimicked by transposon inactivation of the phca locus (s. m. brumbley and t. p. denny, j. bacteriol. 172:5677-5685, 1990). the dna sequence of a 1.8-kb region from strain aw1 that contains phca revealed one open reading frame that should encode a poly ...	1993	8366033
hrp genes of phytopathogenic bacteria.		1994	7859514
vsra, a second two-component sensor regulating virulence genes of pseudomonas solanacearum.	the wilt-inducing phytopathogen pseudomonas solanacearum produces several extracellular virulence factors, both polysaccharides (eps i) and proteins (exps), which are independently regulated by a lysr-type transcriptional regulator, phca, and a histidine kinase sensor, vsrb. here we characterize a third locus, vsra, which is also required for normal production of eps i, some exps and wilt disease. analysis of eps::lacz reporters in vsra mutants showed that, like vsrb and phca, vsra is required f ...	1994	8152373
characterization of a negative regulator of exopolysaccharide production by the plant-pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas solanacearum.	wild-type strains of the bacterial wilt pathogen pseudomonas solanacearum exhibit reduced exopolysaccharide production and virulence when transformed with plasmids carrying the epsr locus. to understand the function of epsr, we used mutagenesis and dna sequencing to identify the gene responsible for the shutoff of exopolysaccharide production. the epsr gene encodes a 236-amino-acid polypeptide that, based on polypeptide sequence homology, has significant similarity to other proteins of the luxr ...	1994	8167363
popa1, a protein which induces a hypersensitivity-like response on specific petunia genotypes, is secreted via the hrp pathway of pseudomonas solanacearum.	this paper describes the identification of a new class of extracellular bacterial proteins, typified by popa1 and its derivative popa3, which act as specific hypersensitive response (hr) elicitors. these two heat-stable proteins, with hr-like elicitor activities on tobacco (non-host plant) but without activity on tomato (host plant), have been characterized from the supernatant of the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas solanacearum strain gmi1000. these two proteins induced the same pattern ...	1994	8313899
a complex network regulates expression of eps and other virulence genes of pseudomonas solanacearum.	we have discovered an unusual and complex regulatory network used by the phytopathogen pseudomonas solanacearum to control transcription of eps, which encodes for production of its primary virulence factor, the exopolysaccharide eps i. the major modules of this network were shown to be three separate signal transduction systems: phca, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator, an dual two-component regulatory systems, vsra/vsrd and vsrb/vsrc. using lacz fusions and rna analysis, we found that both p ...	1995	7868600
cloning and characterization of the hrpa gene in the terc region of escherichia coli that is highly similar to the deah family rna helicase genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	during the course of systematic nucleotide sequence analysis of the terc region of e.coli k-12 by using the ordered lambda phage clones, we found the presence of a gene, termed hrpa, that showed a high degree of sequence similarity to the prp2, prp16 and prp22 genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the products of these yeast genes are known to play their roles in mrna splicing, and belong to a group of proteins collectively called the deah family. the hrpa gene is the first example of a deah family ...	1995	7899078
the hrp gene locus of pseudomonas solanacearum, which controls the production of a type iii secretion system, encodes eight proteins related to components of the bacterial flagellar biogenesis complex.	five transcription units of the pseudomonas solanacearum hrp gene cluster are required for the secretion of the hr-inducing popa1 protein. the nucleotide sequences of two of these, units 1 and 3, have been reported. here, we present the nucleotide sequence of the three other transcription units, units 2, 4 and 7, which are together predicted to code for 15 hrp genes. this brings the total number of hrp proteins encoded by these five transcription units to 20, including hrpb, the positive regulat ...	1995	7623665
transfer of two burkholderia and an alcaligenes species to ralstonia gen. nov.: proposal of ralstonia pickettii (ralston, palleroni and doudoroff 1973) comb. nov., ralstonia solanacearum (smith 1896) comb. nov. and ralstonia eutropha (davis 1969) comb. nov.	based on the results of phenotypic characterization, cellular lipid and fatty acid analysis, phylogenetic analysis of 16s rdna nucleotide sequences and rna-dna hybrization, burkholderia pickettii, burkholderia solanacearum and alcaligenes eutrophus are transferred to the new genus ralstonia, and ralstonia pickettii (ralston, palleroni and doudoroff 1973) comb. nov., ralstonia solanacearum (smith 1896) comb. nov., and r. eutropha (davis 1969) comb. nov. are proposed. the type species of the new g ...	1995	8657018
complementation analyses of pseudomonas solanacearum extracellular polysaccharide mutants and identification of genes responsive to epsr.	many plant-pathogenic bacteria require extracellular polysaccharides (eps) for successful infection. for example, mutations tht prevent eps production in the bacterial wilt pathogen, pseudomonas solanacearum, will reduce the ability to wilt plants. while several p. solanacearum eps genes have been identified and characterized, a systematic analysis of eps mutants has not previously been performed. we have screened over 12,000 transposon-tagged mutants and categorized 66eps::lacz mutants into nin ...	1995	8664493
sequence and expression analysis of the hrpb pathogenicity operon of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria which encodes eight proteins with similarity to components of the hrp, ysc, spa, and fli secretion systems.	in this paper we describe the molecular characterization of hrpb, the largest operon in the xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria hrp cluster. the hrpb region encompasses 6 kb and encodes eight putative proteins, seven of which were expressed in escherichia coli. the hrpb3 protein is the only one carrying a signal peptide sequence at the n-terminus and is a putative lipoprotein localized in the outer membrane of x. campestris pv. vesicatoria. the hrpb4 and hrpb8 proteins contain one and five pu ...	1995	8664494
siderophore-mediated iron uptake in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 and identification of aleb encoding the ferric iron-alcaligin e receptor.	siderophore production in response to iron limitation was observed in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, and the corresponding siderophore was named alcaligin e. alcaligin e was characterized as a phenolate-type siderophore containing neither catecholate nor hydroxamate groups. alcaligin e promoted the growth of siderophore-deficient a. eutrophus mutants under iron-restricted conditions and promoted 59fe uptake by iron-limited cells. however, the growth of the sid- mutant ae1152, which was obtained fro ...	1996	8808942
identification of cbbbc as an additional distal gene of the chromosomal cbb co2 fixation operon from ralstonia eutropha.	ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) strain h16 possesses two highly homologous cbb operons encoding most of the calvin cycle enzymes. one copy of the operon is located on the chromosome, the other on the megaplasmid phg1 of the organism. sequence analysis of the region downstream of the presumptive 3'-terminal gene (cbbac) of the chromosomal operon revealed the presence of an open reading frame comprising 2,274 bp. evidence is presented that this open reading frame is an addition ...	1996	8824147
regulation of co2 assimilation in ralstonia eutropha: premature transcription termination within the cbb operon.	in the facultatively chemoautotrophic bacterium ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus), most genes required for co2 assimilation via the calvin cycle are organized within two highly homologous cbb operons located on the chromosome and on megaplasmid phg1, respectively, of strain h16. these operons are subject to tight control exerted by a promoter upstream of the 5'-terminal cbbl gene that is regulated by the activator cbbr. the existence of subpromoters within the operons was now e ...	1996	8955287
the tfdr gene product can successfully take over the role of the insertion element-inactivated tfdt protein as a transcriptional activator of the tfdcdef gene cluster, which encodes chlorocatechol degradation in ralstonia eutropha jmp134(pjp4)	the tfdt gene is located upstream of and transcribed divergently from the tfdcdef chlorocatechol-degradative operon on plasmid pjp4 of ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) jmp134. it is 684 bp long and encodes a 25-kda protein. on the basis of its predicted amino acid sequence, the tfdt protein could be classified as a lysr-type transcriptional regulator. it has the highest degree of similarity with the proteins tcbr, clcr, and tfdr, which are involved in the regulation of chloroa ...	1996	8955303
characterization of the agrobacterium vitis peha gene and comparison of the encoded polygalacturonase with the homologous enzymes from erwinia carotovora and ralstonia solanacearum.	dna sequencing of the agrobacterium vitis peha gene revealed a predicted protein with an m(r) of 58,000 and significant similarity to the polygalacturonases of two other plant pathogens, erwinia carotovora and ralstonia (= pseudomonas or burkholderia) solanacearum. sequencing of the n terminus of the peha protein demonstrated cleavage of a 34-amino-acid signal peptide from pre-peha. mature peha accumulated primarily in the periplasm of a. vitis and peha+ escherichia coli cells during exponential ...	1997	8979363
rapid induction by wounding and bacterial infection of an s gene family receptor-like kinase gene in brassica oleracea.	a receptor-like kinase, srk, has been implicated in the autoincompatible response that leads to the rejection of self-pollen in brassica plants. srk is encoded by one member of a multigene family, which includes several receptor-like kinase genes with patterns of expression very different from that of srk but of unknown function. here, we report the characterization of a novel member of the brassica s gene family, sfr2. rna gel blot analysis demonstrated that sfr2 mrna accumulated rapidly in res ...	1997	9014364
the hrpa and hrpc operons of erwinia amylovora encode components of a type iii pathway that secretes harpin.	a 6.2-kb region of dna corresponding to complementation groups ii and iii of the erwinia amylovora hrp gene cluster was analyzed. transposon mutagenesis indicated that the two complementation groups are required for secretion of harpin, an elicitor of the hypersensitive reaction. the sequence of the region revealed 10 open reading frames in two putative transcription units: hrpa, hrpb, hrcj, hrpd, and hrpe in the hrpa operon (group iii) and hrpf, hrpg, hrcc, hrpt, and hrpv in the hrpc operon (gr ...	1997	9045830
molecular cloning, characterization, and mutagenesis of a pel gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. lachyrmans encoding a member of the erwinia chrysanthemi pelade family of pectate lyases.	the pels gene from pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans 859 was cloned by heterologous expression in nonpectolytic p. syringae pv. syringae buvs1, using genomic dna libraries constructed with two novel broad-host-range cosmid vectors, pcpp34 and pcpp47. screening of p. syringae pv. syringae transconjugants for the ability to pit pectate media at ph 6.0 and 8.5 yielded several overlapping clones of the same dna region. ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing gels, activity-stained with diagnostically ...	1997	9100381
a fatty acid alpha-ketol, a product of the plant lipoxygenase pathway, is oxidized to 3(z)-dodecendioic acid by a bacterial monooxygenase.	the fatty acid alpha-ketol 13-hydroxy-12-oxo-9(z)-octadecenoic acid (methyl ester) was incubated with a bacterial culture isolated from soil. the bacteria (tentatively identified as ralstonia sp.) exhibited strong monooxygenase activity growing on 2-tridecanone as sole source of carbon. they catalyzed a baeyer-villiger type of oxidation and converted the alpha-ketol to 3(z)-dodecendioic acid. 3(z)-dodecendioic acid was isolated from the incubation mixture and identified by comparison with an aut ...	1997	9125182
a two-component system in ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum modulates production of phca-regulated virulence factors in response to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester.	expression of virulence factors in ralstonia solanacearum is controlled by a complex regulatory network, at the center of which is phca, a lysr family transcriptional regulator. we report here that expression of phca and production of phca-regulated virulence factors are affected by products of the putative operon phcbsr(q). phcb is required for production of an extracellular factor (ef), tentatively identified as the fatty acid derivative 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester (3-oh pame), but a b ...	1997	9171411
a putative monofunctional glycosyltransferase is expressed in ralstonia eutropha.	a gene, mgt, encoding a protein homologous to the n-terminal module of class a high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins was identified in ralstonia eutropha. by using specific antibodies, the corresponding mgt protein was detected in association with the membrane, confirming that the n-terminal hydrophobic segment functioned as a membrane anchor. a derivative in which the hydrophobic sequence was deleted was overexpressed as a maltose-binding fusion protein in escherichia coli. cleavage o ...	1997	9190828
mobilization, cloning, and sequence determination of a plasmid-encoded polygalacturonase from a phytopathogenic burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.	phytopathogenic strains of burkholderia cepacia (synonym pseudomonas cepacia) produce endopolygalacturonase, whereas strains of clinical and soil origin do not. growth of a phytopathogenic strain (atcc25416) at elevated temperatures resulted in nonpectolytic derivatives that were either cured of a resident plasmid or contained a plasmid of reduced mass. the resident 200-kb plasmid (ppec320) in strain atcc25416 was tagged with tn5-mob. the ppec320::tn5-mob (ppec321) plasmid was mobilized in b. ce ...	1997	9304858
purification and characterization of 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase, a novel nadh-dependent, fad-containing aromatic hydroxylase from pseudomonas azelaica hbp1.	2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase (hbpa), the first enzyme of 2-hydroxybiphenyl degradation in pseudomonas azelaica hbp1, was purified 26-fold with a yield of 8% from strain hbp1 grown on 2-hydroxybiphenyl. the enzyme was also purified from a recombinant of escherichia coli jm109, which efficiently expressed the hbpa gene. computer densitometry of scanned slab gels revealed a purity of over 99% for both enzyme preparations. gel filtration, subunit cross-linking, and sds-polyacrylamide gel electr ...	1997	9305879
isolation of new 6-methylnicotinic-acid-degrading bacteria, one of which catalyses the regioselective hydroxylation of nicotinic acid at position c2.	2-hydroxynicotinic acid is an important building block for herbicides and pharmaceuticals. enrichment strategies to increase the chances of finding microorganisms capable of hydroxylating at the c2 position and to avoid the degradation of nicotinic acid via the usual intermediate, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, were used. three bacterial strains (mena 23/3-3c, mena 25/4-1, and mena 25/ 4-3) were isolated from enrichment cultures with 6-methylnicotinic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. part ...	1997	9325423
production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in recombinant escherichia coli grown on glucose.	a recombinant escherichia coli strain has been developed that produces poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) when grown in complex medium containing glucose. this has been accomplished by introducing into e. coli dh5 alpha separate plasmids harboring the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis genes from ralstonia eutropha (formerly named alcaligenes eutrophus) and the succinate degradation genes from clostridium kluyveri, respectively. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) levels ...	1997	9335177
occurrence of multiple genomovars of burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients and proposal of burkholderia multivorans sp. nov.	we performed an integrated genotypic and phenotypic analysis of 128 strains of the genera burkholderia, ralstonia, and pseudomonas in order to study the taxonomic structure of burkholderia cepacia and its relationships with other burkholderia species. our data show that presumed b. cepacia strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients belong to at least five distinct genomic species, one of which was identified as burkholderia vietnamiensis. this group of five phenotypically similar species is ...	1997	9336927
involvement of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in enantioselective degradation of (r)- and (s)-mecoprop by sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh.	cell extracts of sphingomonas herbicidovorans mh grown on (r)-mecoprop contained an enzyme activity that selectively converted (r)-mecoprop to 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, whereas extracts of cells grown on (s)-mecoprop contained an enzyme activity selective for the s enantiomer. both reactions were dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate and ferrous ions. besides 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, pyruvate and succinate were detected as products of the reactions. labeling experiments with (18)o2 revealed that both ...	1997	9352915
mutants of ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum sensitive to antimicrobial peptides are altered in their lipopolysaccharide structure and are avirulent in tobacco.	ralstonia solanacearum k60 was mutagenized with the transposon tn5, and two mutants, m2 and m88, were isolated. both mutants were selected based on their increased sensitivity to thionins, and they had the tn5 insertion in the same gene, 34 bp apart. sequence analysis of the interrupted gene showed clear homology with the rfaf gene from escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium (66% similarity), which encodes a heptosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) core. ...	1997	9352919
hierarchical autoinduction in ralstonia solanacearum: control of acyl-homoserine lactone production by a novel autoregulatory system responsive to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester.	bacteria employ autoinduction systems to sense the onset of appropriate cell density for expression of developmental genes. in many gram-negative bacteria, autoinduction involves the production of and response to diffusible acylated-homoserine lactones (acyl-hsls) and is mediated by members of the luxr and luxi families. ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium that appears to autoregulate its virulence genes, produces compounds that promote expression of several heterol ...	1997	9371457
identification of 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester as a novel autoregulator controlling virulence in ralstonia solanacearum.	expression of virulence genes in ralstonia solanacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium, is controlled by a complex regulatory network that integrates multiple signal inputs. production of several virulence determinants is coordinately reduced by inactivation of phcb, but is restored by growth in the presence of a volatile extracellular factor (vef) produced by wild-type strains of r. solanacearum. the vef was purified from spent culture broth by distillation, solvent extraction, and liquid chromat ...	1997	9383151
a regulatory locus, pehsr, controls polygalacturonase production and other virulence functions in ralstonia solanacearum.	we previously identified a locus that regulates production of polygalacturonase (pg), an extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzyme important in bacterial wilt of plants caused by ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum. the dna sequence of this locus, called pehsr, was determined and two consecutive open reading frames (orfs) of 1,905 and 1,680 bp were identified. the amino acid sequences predicted to be encoded by these orfs are similar to those of regulators of pilin synthesis in pseudomonas ...	1997	9390420
differential activation of two acc oxidase gene promoters from melon during plant development and in response to pathogen attack.	acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) oxidase genes are differentially expressed in melon during development and in response to various stresses. we investigated the molecular basis of their transcription by analyzing the 5' untranslated regions of the acc oxidase genes cm-aco1 and cm-aco3. in order to determine how their temporal and spatial expression patterns were established, we fused the promoter regions of cm-aco1 (726 bp) and cm-aco3 (2260 bp) to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter ge ...	1997	9393445
an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase, pehb, is required for wild-type virulence of ralstonia solanacearum.	ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease of many plant species, produces several extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes that are suspected virulence factors. these include a previously described endopolygalacturonase (pg), peha, and two exo-pgs. a gene encoding one of the exo-pgs, pehb, was cloned from r. solanacearum k60. the dna fragment specifying pehb contained a 2,103-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein of 74.2 kda with a typical n-terminal signal sequen ...	1997	9393701
degradation of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol by ralstonia eutropha is initiated by an inducible pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase.	an organism tentatively identified as ralstonia eutropha was isolated from enrichment cultures containing tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (thfa) as the sole source of carbon and energy. the strain was able to tolerate up to 200 mm thfa in mineral salt medium. the degradation was initiated by an inducible ferricyanide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) which was detected in the soluble fraction of cell extracts. the enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of thfa to the corresponding tetrahydrofuran-2-carbo ...	1997	9406410
conditions for natural transformation of ralstonia solanacearum.	the development of competence allowing natural transformation of ralstonia solanacearum was found to occur during exponential growth and not in response to any excreted factors. linear dnas were effectively integrated by recombination requiring a minimum of 50 bp of homologous dna. therefore, dna from other genera and species were ineffective.	1997	9406418
cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification.	denitrification is a distinct means of energy conservation, making use of n oxides as terminal electron acceptors for cellular bioenergetics under anaerobic, microaerophilic, and occasionally aerobic conditions. the process is an essential branch of the global n cycle, reversing dinitrogen fixation, and is associated with chemolithotrophic, phototrophic, diazotrophic, or organotrophic metabolism but generally not with obligately anaerobic life. discovered more than a century ago and believed to ...	1997	9409151
[the chemical composition and biological activity of the glyco polymers in ralstonia solanacearum (yabuchi et al., 1995)].	lipopolysaccharide and extracellular glyco polymers were isolated from cells of phytopathogenic bacteria ralstonia solanacearum. it was established that the o-specific polysaccharides are characterized by a linear structure, composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units containing three l-rhamnose residues and one of n-acetylglucosamine residue. core oligosaccharide along with typical monosaccharides such as rhamnose, glucose, heptose, kdo and glucosamine included fucose, galactose and arabinose. ...	1997	9480012
genetic characterization of insertion sequence isjp4 on plasmid pjp4 from ralstonia eutropha jmp134.	directly adjacent to the (tfdt-) tfdcdef gene cluster for chlorocatechol breakdown on plasmid pjp4 of ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) jmp134, we identified a 0.9-kb dna element, designated isjp4, with the typical features of a bacterial insertion sequence. isjp4 occurs as a single complete copy on plasmid pjp4. about 9 kb away from this copy, in the tfda-tfds intergenic region, we found a 71-bp duplication of the isjp4 right-hand extremity. in addition, we discovered a comple ...	1997	9427552
degradation of nonionic surfactants and polychlorinated biphenyls by recombinant field application vectors.	degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the environment is limited by their aqueous solubility and the degradative competence of indigenous populations. field application vectors (favs) have been developed in which surfactants are used to both increase the solubility of the pcbs and support the growth of surfactant-degrading strains engineered for pcb degradation. surfactant and pcb degradation by two recombinant strains were investigated. pseudomonas putida ipl5 utilizes both alkylet ...	1997	9439001
differential expression of virulence genes and motility in ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum during exponential growth.	a complex network regulates virulence in ralstonia solanacearum (formerly pseudomonas solanacearum); central to this system is phca, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator. we report here that two phca-regulated virulence factors, endoglucanase (egl) and acidic exopolysaccharide i (eps i), and motility are expressed differentially during exponential growth in batch cultures. tests with strains carrying lacz fusions in a wild-type genetic background revealed that expression (on a per-cell basis) o ...	1997	16535550
catabolism of 3-nitrophenol by ralstonia eutropha jmp 134.	ralstonia eutropha jmp 134 utilizes 3-nitrophenol as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. the entire catabolic pathway of 3-nitrophenol is chromosomally encoded. an initial nadph-dependent reduction of 3-nitrophenol was found in cell extracts of strain jmp 134. by use of a partially purified 3-nitrophenol nitroreductase from 3-nitrophenol-grown cells, 3-hydroxylaminophenol was identified as the initial reduction product. resting cells of r. eutropha jmp 134 metabolized 3-nitrophenol ...	1997	16535572
bacterial metabolism of chlorinated dehydroabietic acids occurring in pulp and paper mill effluents.	chlorinated dehydroabietic acids are formed during the chlorine bleaching of wood pulp and are very toxic to fish. thus, destruction of these compounds is an important function of biological treatment systems for pulp and paper mill effluents. in this study, 12 strains of diverse, aerobic resin acid-degrading bacteria were screened for the ability to grow on chlorinated dehydroabietic acids as sole organic substrates. all seven strains of the class proteobacteria able to use dehydroabietic acid ...	1997	16535663
role of extracellular polysaccharide and endoglucanase in root invasion and colonization of tomato plants by ralstonia solanacearum.	abstract ralstonia solanacearum is a soilborne plant pathogen that normally invades hosts through their roots and then systemically colonizes aerial tissues. previous research using wounded stem infection found that the major factor in causing wilt symptoms was the high-molecular-mass acidic extracellular polysaccharide (eps i), but the beta-1,4-endoglucanase (eg) also contributes to virulence. we investigated the importance of eps i and eg for invasion and colonization of tomato by infesting so ...	1997	18945028
development of specific recombinant monoclonal antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide of ralstonia solanacearum race 3.	abstract recombinant single-chain antibodies (scfvs) against the lipopolysaccharide of ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 2, race 3) were successfully selected by phage display from a large combinatorial antibody library. characterization with regard to cross-reaction and use in routine immunoassays showed that the selected antibodies had improved characteristics when compared with the polyclonal antiserum that is currently used for brown rot diagnosis of potato in the netherlands. the isolated mono ...	1998	18944885
expression of human lactoferrin cdna confers resistance to ralstonia solanacearum in transgenic tobacco plants.	abstract a construct containing a human lactoferrin cdna was used to transform tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) using an agrobacterium-mediated dna-transfer system to express this human protein in transgenic plants. transformants were analyzed by southern, northern, and western blots to determine integration of the cdna into the plant genome and lactoferrin gene expression levels. most transgenic plants demonstrated significant delays of bacterial wilt symptoms when inoculated with the bacterial path ...	1998	18944947
effect of a soil amendment on the survival of ralstonia solanacearum in different soils.	abstract the effect of a soil amendment (sa) composed of urea (200 kg of n per ha) and cao (5,000 kg/ha) on the survival of ralstonia solanacearum in four philippine soils was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. within 3 weeks after application, the sa either caused an initial decrease, a final decline, or no change in the pathogen population, depending on the particular soil type. an initial decrease occurred in a soil with a basic ph and resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) ...	1998	18944952
resistance and susceptibility of arabidopsis thaliana to bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum.	abstract tomato bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a model system for studying plant-bacterial interactions, because it is genetically one of the best characterized plant diseases. we demonstrate here that four different strains of r. solanacearum, two from radishes (rd4 and rd15) and two from tomato (ps21 and ps95), can infect 27 different ecotypes of arabidopsis thaliana, causing different responses. all ecotypes tested were highly susceptible to strain rd15, which caused sympt ...	1998	18944956
eps15r is a tyrosine kinase substrate with characteristics of a docking protein possibly involved in coated pits-mediated internalization.	eps15r was identified because of its relatedness to eps15, a gene encoding a tyrosine kinase substrate bearing a novel protein-protein interaction domain, called eh. in this paper, we report a biochemical characterization of the eps15r gene product(s). in nih-3t3 cells, three proteins of 125, 108, and 76 kda were specifically recognized by anti-eps15r sera. the 125-kda species is a bona fide product of the eps15r gene, whereas p108 and p76 are most likely products of alternative splicing events. ...	1998	9446614
characterization of a gene cluster from ralstonia eutropha jmp134 encoding metabolism of 4-methylmuconolactone.	a 2,585 bp chromosomal dna segment of ralstonia eutropha jmp134 (formerly: alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134) which contains a gene cluster encoding part of the modified ortho-cleavage pathway encodes a putative transport protein for 4-methylmuconolactone, a novel 4-methylmuconolactone methylisomerase and methylmuconolactone isomerase. the putative 4-methylmuconolactone transporter, a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 45.8 kda, exhibits sequence homology to other members of the major superf ...	1998	9461415
monoclonal antibodies to 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase as probes for the 2,4-d-degradative phenotype.	two different monoclonal antibodies (mab) were raised against 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase (dcp-hydroxylase) of ralstonia eutropha jmp134 (pjp4), the second enzyme in the 2,4-d-degradative pathway of this bacterium. the utility of these antibodies in detecting and characterizing 2,4-d-degrading soil bacteria was investigated. one mab (f6) reacted with dcp-hydroxylase from 27 out of 36 strains tested, while the other (mab c3) reacted with only 17 isolates. when used with the colony blot techniq ...	1998	9933912
repression of phenol catabolism by organic acids in ralstonia eutropha.	during batch growth of ralstonia eutropha (previously named alcaligenes eutrophus) on phenol in the presence of acetate, acetate was found to be the preferred substrate; this organic acid was rapidly metabolized, and the specific rate of phenol consumption was considerably decreased, although phenol consumption was not abolished. this decrease corresponded to a drop in phenol hydroxylase and catechol-2,3-dioxygenase specific activities, and the synthesis of the latter was repressed at the transc ...	1998	9435054
[the molecular biological mechanisms of the functioning of microbial glycopolymers and carbohydrases].	special attention has been paid to glycopolymers which perform various functions in the microbial cell, determine its interaction with the environment, possess a broad range of biological activity (antigenicity, cytotoxicity, immunomodulating properties, participation in the bean-rhizobial symbiosis). composition and structure of the following polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and their components: o-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid a from bacteria of genera clavibacter, ralston ...	1998	10077957
prha controls a novel regulatory pathway required for the specific induction of ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes in the presence of plant cells.	the ralstonia solanacearum hrp gene cluster is organized in five transcriptional units. expression of transcriptional units 2, 3 and 4 is induced in minimal medium and depends on the hrp regulatory gene hrpb, which belongs to unit 1. this regulatory gene also controls the expression of genes, such as popa, located to the left of the hrp cluster. here, we show that, upon co-culture with arabidopsis thaliana and tomato cell suspensions, the expression of the hrp transcriptional units 1, 2, 3 and 4 ...	1998	9484898
ascorbic acid-dependent turnover and reactivation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase using thiophenoxyacetic acid.	the first step in catabolism of the broadleaf herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) is catalyzed by 2,4-d/alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-kg)-dioxygenase (tfda) in ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) jmp134. this oxygen- and ferrous-ion-dependent enzyme couples the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-kg (yielding co2 and succinate) with the oxidation of 2,4-d to produce 2,4-dichlorophenol and glyoxylate. tfda was shown to utilize thiophenoxyacetic acid (tpaa) to produce thio ...	1998	9485456
clinical and microbiological features of refractory periodontitis subjects.	the purpose of this investigation was to compare the clinical parameters and the site prevalence and levels of 40 subgingival species in successfully treated and refractory periodontitis subjects. 94 subjects received scaling and root planing and if needed, periodontal surgery and systemically administered tetracycline. 28 refractory subjects showed mean full mouth attachment loss and/or > 3 sites showing attachment loss > 2.5 mm within 1 year post-therapy. 66 successfully treated subjects showe ...	1998	9495617
isolation, characterization, and transfer of cryptic gene-mobilizing plasmids in the wheat rhizosphere.	a set of self-transmissible plasmids with incq plasmid-mobilizing capacity was isolated by triparental exogenous isolation from the wheat rhizosphere with an escherichia coli incq plasmid host and a ralstonia eutropha recipient. three plasmids of 38 to 45 kb, denoted pipo1, pipo2, and pipo3, were selected for further study. no selectable traits (antibiotic or heavy-metal resistance) were identified in these plasmids. the plasmids were characterized by replicon typing via pcr and hybridization wi ...	1998	9501428
multiple beta-ketothiolases mediate poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer synthesis in ralstonia eutropha.	polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are a class of carbon and energy storage polymers produced by numerous bacteria in response to environmental limitation. the type of polymer produced depends on the carbon sources available, the flexibility of the organism's intermediary metabolism, and the substrate specificity of the pha biosynthetic enzymes. ralstonia eutropha produces both the homopolymer poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and, when provided with the appropriate substrate, the copolymer poly(beta-hy ...	1998	9555876
the tfdk gene product facilitates uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate by ralstonia eutropha jmp134(pjp4).	uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) by ralstonia eutropha jmp134(pjp4) was studied and shown to be an energy-dependent process. the uptake system was inducible with 2,4-d and followed saturation kinetics in a concentration range of up to 60 microm, implying the involvement of a protein in the transport process. we identified an open reading frame on plasmid pjp4, which was designated tfdk, whose translation product tfdk was highly hydrophobic and showed resemblance to transport proteins ...	1998	9555911
effect of selected environmental factors on degradation and mineralization of biaryl compounds by the bacterium ralstonia pickettii in soil and compost.	by varying selected environmental factors, the degradation and mineralization of biaryl compounds by the bacterium ralstonia pickettii in soil and compost were investigated. an optimized soil moisture and enhanced bioavailability by using the nonionic surfactant tween 80 were of great importance for the degradation rates of biaryl compounds like biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl by cells of ralstonia picketti sbug 290 inoculated into soil. additionally, degradation of these compounds by the investig ...	1998	9566302
nosocomial ralstonia pickettii colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated saline solution--los angeles, california, 1998.	from february 24 through march 15, 1998, a total of 22 respiratory tract cultures from 13 patients at childrens hospital los angeles (chla), california, were culture-positive for ralstonia pickettii. because of this unusual cluster of colonization, on march 16 the los angeles county department of health services initiated an investigation. this report summarizes the findings of the investigation, which resulted in a recall of sterile sodium chloride solution that was contaminated with r. pickett ...	1998	9572669
joint transcriptional control of xpsr, the unusual signal integrator of the ralstonia solanacearum virulence gene regulatory network, by a response regulator and a lysr-type transcriptional activator.	ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum is a soil-borne phytopathogen that causes a wilting disease of many important crops. it makes large amounts of the exopolysaccharide eps i, which it requires for efficient colonization, wilting, and killing of plants. transcription of the eps operon, encoding biosynthetic enzymes for eps i, is controlled by a unique and complex sensory network that responds to multiple environmental signals. this network is comprised of the novel transcriptional activator xps ...	1998	9573161
enhancement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) degradation in soil by dissemination of catabolic plasmids.	few studies have been done to evaluate the transfer of catabolic plasmids from an introduced donor strain to indigenous microbial populations as a means to remediate contaminated soils. in this work we determined the effect of the conjugative transfer of two 2,4-d degradative plasmids to indigenous soil bacterial populations on the rate of 2,4-d degradation in soil. we also assessed the influence of the presence of 2,4-d on the number of transconjugants formed. the two plasmids used, pemt1k and ...	1998	9602282
activation of hsr203, a plant gene expressed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions, is correlated with programmed cell death.	hsr203j is a tobacco gene whose activation is rapid, highly localized, and specific for incompatible interactions between tobacco and the bacterial pathogen ralstonia solanacearum. the effect of other hypersensitive response (hr)-inducing pathogens and elicitors has been tested with transgenic plants containing the hsr203j promoter-gus reporter gene fusion, and confirms the generality of the preferential inducibility of the hsr203j gene promoter during incompatible interactions: bacterial and vi ...	1998	9612953
type iii protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants.	various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. it is becoming increasingly clear that these so-called type iii secretion systems inject (translocate) proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, where the translocated proteins facilitate bacterial pathogenesis by specifically interfering with host cell signal transduction and other cellular processes. accordingly, some type iii secretion systems are activat ...	1998	9618447
an rpos (sigmas) homologue regulates acylhomoserine lactone-dependent autoinduction in ralstonia solanacearum.	many bacteria sense an appropriate growth condition or a critical population density for gene expression by producing acylhomoserine lactones (acyl-hsls) that act as intercellular autoinduction signals. we recently showed that, in ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium, acyl-hsl production requires soll, which encodes a putative acyl-hsl synthase, and that its expression is positively regulated by the acyl-hsl-responsive solr transcriptional regulator. this acyl-hsl-de ...	1998	9632252
biocidal activity in plant pathogenic acidovorax, burkholderia, herbaspirillum, ralstonia and xanthomonas spp.	antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated for strains of acidovorax spp., burkholderia spp., herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and ralstonia solanacearum; strains representing 118 species and pathovars of xanthomonas were also tested for phytotoxic capacity. antibacterial activity was present in all burkholderia spp. except b. andropogonis, in biovars ii and iii of r. solanacearum but not in biovars i and iv, and in two strains of xanthomonas. little antibacterial activity was recorde ...	1998	9633641
from the centers for disease control and prevention. nosocomial ralstonia pickettii colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated saline solution--los angeles, california, 1998.		1998	9634245
aerobic mineralization of 2,6-dichlorophenol by ralstonia sp. strain rk1.	a new aerobic bacterium was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater pond close to a contaminated site at amponville (france). it was enriched in a fixed-bed reactor fed with 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-dcp)as the sole carbon and energy source at ph 7.5 and room temperature. the degradation of 2,6-dcp followed monod kinetics at low initial concentrations. at concentrations above 300 microm (50 mg.liter-1), 2,6-dcp increasingly inhibited its own degradation. the base sequence of the 16s ribosomal d ...	1998	9647831
genetic characterization of rrs1, a recessive locus in arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance to the bacterial soilborne pathogen ralstonia solanacearum.	the soilborne, vascular pathogen ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, was shown to infect a range of arabidopsis thaliana accessions. the pathogen was capable of infecting the col-5 accession in an hrp-dependent manner, following root inoculation. elevated bacterial population levels were found in leaves of col-5, 4 to 5 days after root inoculation by the gmi1000 strain. bacteria were found predominantly in the xylem vessels and spread systematically throughout the plan ...	1998	9650298
hrpw of erwinia amylovora, a new hrp-secreted protein.	erwinia amylovora strain cfbp1430 secretes a protein called hrpw in a hrp-dependent manner. hrpw was detected in culture supernatant of the wild-type strain grown on solid inducing hrp medium. this protein shares structural similarities with elicitors of the hypersensitive response such as hrpn of erwinia amylovora and popa of ralstonia solanacearum. furthermore, the c-terminal region of hrpw is homologous to class iii pectate lyases. an hrpw mutant is as aggressive as the wild-type strain on pe ...	1998	9654138
ralstonia pickettii involved in spinal osteitis in an immunocompetent adult.		1998	9661960
distribution of mevalonate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate routes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in some gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria.	labeling experiments using [1-13c]acetate or [1-13c]glucose were performed with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, with innocuous bacteria related to pathogenic species or with phytopathogenic species. the labeling pattern was determined in the isoprenic moiety of ubiquinone or menaquinone derivatives. these experiments showed that acinetobacter, citrobacter, erwinia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, ralstonia and mycobacterium synthesize their isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde ...	1998	9675863
immunoelectron microscopic studies indicate the existence of a cell shape preserving cytoskeleton in prokaryotes.	immunoelectron microscopic studies of prokaryotes were performed with anti-actin antibodies directed against the c terminus of actin. studies on ultrathin sections revealed high proportions of the overall label close to the cell periphery in escherichia coli, ralstonia eutropha, thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes, t. thermosaccharolyticum, and methanococcus jannaschii. substantial label also in the cytoplasm was observed in bacillus sp., methanococcus voltae, and methanobacterium thermoaut ...	1998	9686396
phenol hydroxylase cloned from ralstonia eutropha strain e2 exhibits novel kinetic properties.	ralstonia eutropha strain e2 (previously alcaligenes sp.) is a phenol-degrading bacterium expressing phenol-oxygenating activity with a low ks (the apparent half-saturation constant in haldane's equation) and an extremely high ksi (the apparent inhibition constant). to identify the molecular basis for these novel cellular kinetic properties, a 9.5 kb dna fragment that allowed pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1c (phl- cat+) to grow on phenol as the sole carbon source was cloned from strain e2 into plasm ...	1998	9695910
amplification of putative chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene fragments from alpha- and beta-proteobacteria.	redundant primers were designed for the pcr amplification of dna from chlorocatechol dioxygenase genes. these primers were used successfully to amplify 270- to 279-bp fragments from a variety of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate- and cholorobenzoate-degrading strains, including species of sphingomonas. three groups of closely related sequences were amplified: one from chlorobenzoate degraders that was 86% similar to the amino acid sequence of the protein coded by the tfdc gene of ralstonia eutropha jmp ...	1998	9699302
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2.	cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ...	1998	9705403
discrimination of burkholderia gladioli from other burkholderia species detectable in cystic fibrosis patients by pcr.	a procedure for molecular identification of burkholderia gladioli is described. specific 16s and 23s rrna gene signature sequences were defined as primers for pcr. the method allows rapid and specific discrimination of b. gladioli from related species (b. cepacia, b. multivorans, b. vietnamiensis, b. mallei, b. pseudomallei, ralstonia pickettii, and r. eutropha) and should contribute to the clarification of its role as a human pathogen, e.g., in cystic fibrosis.	1998	9705429
microbial communities of printing paper machines.	the microbial content of printing paper machines, running at a temperature of 45-50 degrees c and at ph 4.5-5, was studied. bacteria were prevalent colonizers of the machine wet end and the raw materials. a total of 390 strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated and 86% of these were identified to genus and species by biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic methods. the most common bacteria found at the machine wet end were bacillus coagulans and other bacillus species, burkholderia cepacia, ...	1998	9717292
poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from whey by high-density cultivation of recombinant escherichia coli.	recombinant escherichia coli strain gcsc 6576, harboring a high-copy-number plasmid containing the ralstonia eutropha genes for polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthesis and the e. coli ftsz gene, was employed to produce poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) from whey, ph-stat fed-batch fermentation, using whey powder as the nutrient feed, produced cellular dry weight and phb concentrations of 109 g l-1 and 50 g l-1 respectively in 47 h. when concentrated whey solution containing 210 g l-1 lactose was used ...	1998	9720197
parallel and divergent genotypic evolution in experimental populations of ralstonia sp.	genetic rearrangements within a population of bacteria were analyzed to understand the degree of divergence occurring after experimental evolution. we used 18 replicate populations founded from ralstonia sp. strain tfd41 that had been propagated for 1,000 generations with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) as the carbon source. genetic divergence was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the incumbent plasmid that carries the 2,4-d catabolic genes and by amplificat ...	1998	9721265
outbreak of pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia among oncology patients.	from 7 to 24 march 1997, four patients developed pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia at the hospital; one on the oncology ward and the other three in the chemotherapy room. these patients all had underlying malignancies and had the port-a-cath (smiths industries medical systems, deltec, inc., st. paul, minn.) implants. three patients had primary bacteremia, and one had port-a-cath-related infection. none of these patients had received a blood transfusion before the episodes of bacteremia. all pat ...	1998	9738043
the pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hrpw protein has domains similar to harpins and pectate lyases and can elicit the plant hypersensitive response and bind to pectate.	the host-specific plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost plants and secretes the hrpz harpin in culture via the hrp (type iii) secretion system. previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the p. syringae genome. hrpw was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000. hrpw encodes a 42. 9-kda protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (pels), respectively. hrpw has ke ...	1998	9748456
structural analysis of the fds operon encoding the nad+-linked formate dehydrogenase of ralstonia eutropha.	the fdsgbacd operon encoding the four subunits of the nad+-reducing formate dehydrogenase of ralstonia eutropha h16 was cloned and sequenced. sequence comparisons indicated a high resemblance of fdsa (alpha-subunit) to the catalytic subunits of formate dehydrogenases containing a molybdenum (or tungsten) cofactor. the nh2-terminal region (residues 1-240) of fdsa, lacking in formate dehydrogenases not linked to nad(p)+, exhibited considerable similarity to that of nuog of the nadh:ubiquinone oxid ...	1998	9756865
novel defensin subfamily from spinach (spinacia oleracea).	antimicrobial peptides (so-d1-7) were isolated from a crude cell wall preparation from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea cv. matador) and, judged from their amino acid sequences, six of them (so-d2-7) represented a novel structural subfamily of plant defensins (group iv). group-iv defensins were also functionally distinct from those of groups i-iii. they were active at concentrations < 20 microm against gram-positive (clavibacter michiganensis) and gram-negative (ralstonia solanacearum) bacteria ...	1998	9762899
hpaa mutants of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are affected in pathogenicity but retain the ability to induce host-specific hypersensitive reaction.	xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease on pepper and tomato plants. we reported previously that the main hrp (hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity) gene cluster in x. c. pv. vesicatoria contains six transcription units, designated hrpa to hrpf. we present here the sequence of the hrpd operon and an analysis of non-polar mutants in each of the six genes. three genes, hrcq, hrcr and hrcs, are predicted to encode conserved components of type iii pr ...	1998	9781876
cloning of the nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate).	the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase gene (phacnc) from nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb bamhi fragment. a 2.8-kb xhoii subfragment was found to contain the intact pha synthase. this 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to dna sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the pha synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. on the basis of dna sequence, phacnc is closest in homology to the pha synthases (phacpai and phacpaii) of p ...	1998	9783428
evolution of a pathway for chlorobenzene metabolism leads to natural attenuation in contaminated groundwater	complete metabolism of chlorinated benzenes is not a feature that is generally found in aerobic bacteria but is thought to be due to a novel recombination of two separate gene clusters. such a recombination could be responsible for adaptation of a natural microbial community in response to contamination with synthetic chemicals. this hypothesis was tested in a chlorobenzene (cb)-contaminated aquifer. cb-degrading bacteria from a contaminated site were characterized for a number of years by exami ...	1998	9797264
selection and characterization of microorganisms utilizing thaxtomin a, a phytotoxin produced by streptomyces scabies	thaxtomin a is the main phytotoxin produced by streptomyces scabies, a causal agent of potato scab. thaxtomin a is a yellow compound composed of 4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5-dioxopiperazine. a collection of nonpathogenic streptomycetes isolated from potato tubers and microorganisms recovered from a thaxtomin a solution were examined for the ability to grow in the presence of thaxtomin a as a sole carbon or nitrogen source. three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates grew in thaxtomin a- ...	1998	9797282
whole-cell kinetics of trichloroethylene degradation by phenol hydroxylase in a ralstonia eutropha jmp134 derivative	the rate, progress, and limits of trichloroethylene (tce) degradation by ralstonia eutropha aek301/pyk3021 whole cells were examined in the absence of aromatic induction. at tce concentrations up to 800 &mgr;m, degradation rates were sustained until tce was no longer detectable. the ks and vmax for tce degradation by aek301/pyk3021 whole cells were determined to be 630 &mgr;m and 22.6 nmol/min/mg of total protein, respectively. the sustained linear rates of tce degradation by aek301/pyk3021 up t ...	1998	9797289
detection of ralstonia solanacearum, which causes brown rot of potato, by fluorescent in situ hybridization with 23s rrna-targeted probes.	during the past few years, ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, was repeatedly found in potatoes in western europe. to detect this bacterium in potato tissue samples, we developed a method based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). the nearly complete genes encoding 23s rrna of five r. solanacearum strains and one ralstonia pickettii strain were pcr amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by sequence alignment. this resulted in the construction of an unrooted tree and suppor ...	1998	9797321
production of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals by gram-negative plant-associated bacteria.	many gram-negative bacteria regulate expression of specialized gene sets in response to population density. this regulatory mechanism, called autoinduction or quorum-sensing, is based on the production by the bacteria of a small, diffusible signal molecule called the autoinducer. in the most well-studied systems the autoinducers are n-acylated derivatives of l-homoserine lactone (acyl-hsl). signal specificity is conferred by the length, and the nature of the substitution at c-3, of the acyl side ...	1998	9805399
molecular cloning, sequencing and expression in escherichia coli of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis genes from alcaligenes latus dsm1124.	fragments of chromosomal dna from alcaligenes latus dsm1124 were cloned into escherichia coli and transformants were screened for poly(d(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) [p(3hb)] production during excess carbon supply. a plasmid harboring a 5.5-kb insert of a. latus dna was isolated from a p(3hb)-producing bacterial colony. the insert was partially sequenced and three major open reading frames (orfs) were found, representing the pha synthase (phac), beta-ketothiolase (phaa) and acetoacetyl-coa reductase (p ...	1998	9821671
protein organization on the pha inclusion cytoplasmic boundary.	polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) cellular inclusions consist of polyesters, phospholipids, and proteins. both the polymerase and the depolymerase enzymes are active components of the structure. recently, proteins associated with these inclusions have been described in a number of bacterial species. in order to further clarify the structure and function of these proteins in relation to polymer inclusions, ultrastructural studies of isolated polymer inclusions were initiated. the surface boundary charac ...	1998	9821672
formation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by pha synthase from ralstonia eutropha.	the acetoacetyl-coa reductase and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) were expressed in escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and pha-negative mutants of r. eutropha and pseudomonas putida. while expression in e. coli strains resulted in the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [phb], strains of r. eutropha, p. putida and k. aerogenes accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [poly(3hb-co-3hhx)] when even chain fat ...	1998	9821674
aqueous release and purification of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) from escherichia coli.	the poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) biosynthetic genes of ralstonia eutropha that are organized in a single operon (phacab) have been cloned in escherichia coli, where the expression of the genes in the wild-type pha operon from plasmid ptz18u-phb leads to the formation of 50-80% phb/celldry mass when the cells are grown in luria-bertani medium supplemented with 1% glucose (w/v). in combination with the phacab genes, expression of cloned lysis gene e of bacteriophage phix174 from plasmid psh2 h ...	1998	9828460
cloning of the alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and use of these genes for enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in escherichia coli.	polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are microbial polyesters that can be used as completely biodegradable polymers, but the high production cost prevents their use in a wide range of applications. recombinant escherichia coli strains harboring the ralstonia eutropha pha biosynthesis genes have been reported to have several advantages as pha producers compared with wild-type pha-producing bacteria. however, the pha productivity (amount of pha produced per unit volume per unit time) obtained with these r ...	1998	9835580
ralstonia solanacearum pectin methylesterase is required for growth on methylated pectin but not for bacterial wilt virulence	ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum causes bacterial wilt, a serious disease of many crop plants. the pathogen produces several extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including polygalacturonases (pgs) and pectin methylesterase (pme). pme removes methyl groups from pectin, thereby facilitating subsequent breakdown of this cell wall component by pgs, which are known bacterial wilt virulence factors. r. solanacearum pgs could not degrade 93% methylated pectin unless the substrate was fi ...	1998	9835583