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human exposure to tickborne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi, the netherlands. 024963562
borrelia miyamotoi and candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in ixodes ricinus ticks, romania. 026889789
human infections with borrelia miyamotoi, japan.we confirmed infection of 2 patients with borrelia miyamotoi in japan by retrospective surveillance of lyme disease patients and detection of b. miyamotoi dna in serum samples. one patient also showed seroconversion for antibody against recombinant glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase of b. miyamotoi. indigenous relapsing fever should be considered a health concern in japan.025061761
human borrelia miyamotoi infection in the united states. 023323920
genetic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick ixodes persulcatus, the vector for lyme disease in japan.the ixodid tick ixodes persulcatus is the most important vector of lyme disease in japan. most spirochete isolates obtained from i. persulcatus ticks have been classified as borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato because of their genetic, biological, and immunological characteristics. however, we found that a small number of isolates obtained from i. persulcatus contained a smaller 38-kda endoflagellar protein and single 23s-5s rrna gene unit. representative isolate ht31t (t = type strain) had the same ...19957547303
the flagellin gene of borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship among borrelia species.we have cloned and sequenced the flagellin gene from borrelia miyamotoi strain ht31 and compared it with previously published flagellin sequences. sequence similarity analysis demonstrated that strain ht31 is phylogenetically distant from the three species of lyme disease borreliae is deeply branched into the relapsing fever borrelia cluster. the result was in full agreement with the classification of borrelia strains using 16s trna sequences. this finding indicates that a phylogenetic analysis ...19958586277
homology of variable major protein genes between borrelia hermsii and borrelia miyamotoi.antigenic variation has been studied in detail for the etiological agent of relapsing fever, borrelia hermsii. the variable major proteins (vmps) are found at its cell surface, enabling it to avoid the host's immune response. we have cloned and sequenced the vmp-gene (vmp)-like sequences from the borrelia miyamotoi strains ht31 and fr64b and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with the published vmp proteins vmp3, vmp24, and vmp33 of b. hermsii. the sequences were aligned and revealed ...19968764474
phylogenesis of relapsing fever borrelia spp.the phylogenetic relationships of 20 relapsing fever (rf) borrelia spp. were estimated on the basis of the sequences of rrs genes. complete sequences were aligned and compared with previously published sequences, and the similarity values were found to be 97.7 to 99.9%. phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the three neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods. the results of the comparative phylogenetic analysis divided the rf borrelia spp. into three major cluste ...19968863409
phylogenetic analysis of borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application for molecular typing of lyme disease borreliae.we determined almost complete flagellin gene sequences of various borrelia species and aligned them with previously published sequences. a neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus borrelia was divided into the following three major clusters: new world relapsing fever borreliae (borrelia turicatae, borrelia parkeri, and borrelia hermsii), old world relapsing fever borreliae (borrelia crocidurae, borrelia duttonii, and borrelia hispanica), and lyme disease borreliae (borrelia b ...19968863416
physical mapping of the borrelia miyamotoi ht31 chromosome in comparison with that of borrelia turicatae, an etiological agent of tick-borne relapsing fever.we report the construction of physical maps of chromosomes for borrelia miyamotoi ht31 (a new species of borrelia) and borrelia turicatae (relapsing fever agent) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of dna fragments generated by digestion of chromosomal dna with rare-cutting restriction endonucleases and reciprocal hybridization. the size of the b. miyamotoi ht31 chromosome was calculated to be approximately 925 kilobase pairs, and the chromosome for b. turicatae was estimated to be 951 kilobase ...19968877131
a relapsing fever group spirochete transmitted by ixodes scapularis ticks.a species of borrelia spirochetes previously unknown from north america has been found to be transmitted by ixodes scapularis ticks. infected ticks are positive for borrelia spp. by dfa test but negative for borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using species-specific primers for 16s rdna, outer surface protein a, outer surface protein c, and flagellin genes. a 1,347-bp portion of 16s rdna was amplified from a pool of infected nymphs, sequenced, and compared with the homologous ...200112653133
determination of novel borrelia genospecies in swedish ixodes ricinus ticks.a total of 301 adult questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected at 15 different locations along the south and east coasts of sweden to determine the borrelia genospecies diversity. thirty-two ticks (11%) were found to be positive by nested pcr with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-specific primers. species determination was based on partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and the flagellin gene. five different borrelia species were found. the nucleotide sequence of the borrelia dna found in two ...200212202571
horizontally acquired genes for purine salvage in borrelia spp. causing relapsing fever.unlike borrelia burgdorferi, the relapsing fever agent borrelia hermsii and the related borrelia miyamotoi had pura and purb genes of the purine salvage pathway. these were located among the rrna genes. phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes had a different evolutionary history than those of orthologs in other spirochetes.200516113341
three multiplex assays for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato in field-collected ixodes nymphs in north america.two hundred fifty new jersey field-collected ixodes scapularis say ticks and 17 colorado ixodes spinipalpis hadwen & nuttall ticks were tested using three separate multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. one assay targets the rrs-rrla igs region of borrelia spp. to detect borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and borrelia miyamotoi s.l. the second assay targets the ospa region of b. burgdorferi s.l. to detect b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), borrelia bissettii, and borre ...200516465748
detection of a borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato relapsing-fever group spirochete from ixodes pacificus in california.we investigated whether host-seeking nymphs and adults of the western blacklegged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, the primary vector of lyme disease spirochetes in far-western north america, are infected naturally with relapsing-fever group spirochetes in mendocino county, california. relapsing-fever group borreliae were detected in four (1.7%) of 234 nymphal and two (0.7%) of 282 adult host-seeking i. pacificus ticks by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the 16s rrna and ...200616506458
[spatial and temporal variability of ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus infection with the lyme disease agent in moscow region].analysis of long-term data on the infection rated of the taxonomic complex borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus from moscow region is carried out. more than 14 000 tick specimens were examined by dark-field microscopy and 704 specimens were investigated by pcr. two borrelia genospicies, b. afzelii (6.3%) and b. garinii (20%) proved the most prevalent. the genospecies could form a mixtinfection (11%). borrelia miyamotoi, b. valaisiana, and b. burgdorferi s. s. were also ...200819198169
effects of tick control by acaricide self-treatment of white-tailed deer on host-seeking tick infection prevalence and entomologic risk for ixodes scapularis-borne pathogens.we evaluated the effects of tick control by acaricide self-treatment of white-tailed deer on the infection prevalence and entomologic risk for three ixodes scapularis-borne bacteria in host-seeking ticks. ticks were collected from vegetation in areas treated with the "4-poster" device and from control areas over a 6-year period in five geographically diverse study locations in the northeastern united states and tested for infection with two known agents of human disease, borrelia burgdorferi and ...200919650738
niche partitioning of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia miyamotoi in the same tick vector and mammalian reservoir species.the lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi and the relapsing fever group species borrelia miyamotoi co-occur in the united states. we used species-specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction to study both species in the blood and skin of peromyscus leucopus mice and host-seeking ixodes scapularis nymphs at a connecticut site. bacteremias with b. burgdorferi or b. miyamotoi were most prevalent during periods of greatest activity for nymphs or larvae, respectively. whereas b. burgdorferi ...200919996447
a comparative analysis of molecular markers for the detection and identification of borrelia spirochaetes in ixodes ricinus.borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, carried by ixodes ticks, is one of the most significant human pathogens, causing lyme disease. as there is no standardized pcr method for detection and identification of spirochaete dna, we carried out a comparative analysis using a set of complementary primers for three regions in the genomic dna of these bacteria (genes fla and rrs and the non-coding rrs-rrla region). dna extracted from 579 ixodes ricinus ticks was subjected to nested pcr. dna of the examined s ...201020007765
[detection of borrelia miyamotoi in ticks ixodes persulcatus from russia].unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks from five regions of russia were examined to analyze the distribution and diversity of borrelia miyamotoi. dna of b. miyamotoi was found in 1.8% of ticks from leningrad oblast, 2.9% from sverdlovsk, 4.5% from novosibirsk, 2.3% from irkutsk oblast, and 2.5% from khabarovsk krai. the molecular typing of the b. miyamotoi dna was based on the partial sequencing of the 16s rrna, p66, and glpq genes. the only genetic variant of b. miyamotoi was detected in all samp ...201020795483
elimination of lyme disease spirochetes from ticks feeding on domestic ruminants.to determine whether and which spirochetes are cleared from ixodes ricinus ticks during feeding on ruminants, ticks were removed from goats and cattle grazing on tick-infested pastures. although about a quarter of ticks questing on the pasture were infected by spirochetes, no molted ticks that had previously engorged to repletion on ruminants harbored lyme disease spirochetes. borrelia miyamotoi spirochetes, however, appear not to be eliminated. thus, the more subadult ticks are diverted from re ...201020870789
high-prevalence borrelia miyamotoi [scapin wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in tennessee.during spring and fall 2009, 60 wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) harvested by tennessee hunters were surveyed for borrelia spp. by sampling their blood, tissue, and attached ticks. in both seasons, 70% of turkeys were infested with juvenile amblyomma americanum; one spring turkey hosted an adult female ixodes brunneus. polymerase chain reaction assays followed by dna sequencing indicated that 58% of the turkeys were positive for the spirochete borrelia miyamotoi, with tissue testing positive m ...201021175079
[relapsing borrelioses fevers: forgotten and new ones].relapsing fever borrelioses are widely spread in the endemic regions of eurasia, africa, and america as before and account for significant morbidity and mortality; however, these infections have been recently underestimated. the pathogens of the fevers are the borrelia species transmitted by ticks of the ornithodoros genus; they genetically differ from the pathogens of lyme borreliosis--borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato transmitted by ixodes ticks. the species borrelia miyamotoi belongs to the gen ...201021381356
assessment of polymicrobial infections in ticks in new york state.ixodes scapularis ticks are clinically important hematophagous vectors. a single tick bite can lead to a polymicrobial infection. we determined the prevalence of polymicrobial infection with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia miyamotoi, and powassan virus in 286 adult ticks from the two counties in new york state where lyme disease is endemic, utilizing a masstag multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. seventy-one percent of the ticks harbored at least ...201019725770
investigation of genotypes of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes scapularis ticks collected during surveillance in canada.the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the agent of lyme disease in north america, has consequences for the performance of serological diagnostic tests and disease severity. to investigate b. burgdorferi diversity in canada, where lyme disease is emerging, bacterial dna in 309 infected adult ixodes scapularis ticks collected in surveillance was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and analysis of outer surface protein c gene (ospc) alleles. six ticks carried b ...201121421790
[genetic features of borrelia miyamotoi transmitted by ixodes persulcatus].the definition and molecular typing of borrelia miyamotoi transmitted by the ixodes persuccatus ticks was based on the partial sequencing of the 16s rrna, p66, and glpq genes. all the b. miyamotoi analyzed sequences of the 16s rrna, glpq, and p66 gene fragments from i. persulcatus were identical and had 99.9-100% similarity to corresponding genes of the b. miyamotoi strain fr64b isolated in japan. the analyzed amino acid sequences revealed that the 66 protein b. miyamotoi in the site correspondi ...201121786631
flab gene as a molecular marker for distinct identification of borrelia species in environmental samples by the pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.a new protocol employing nested pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) based on the flab gene and two restriction enzymes was worked out. this protocol allows the identification of all borrelia species transmitted by ixodes ricinus in europe, including borrelia miyamotoi and 3 genetic variants of b. garinii. a dendrogram of flab sequence similarity was in accordance with rflp variants.201121841027
Absence of Lyme Disease Spirochetes in Larval Ixodes ricinus Ticks.Abstract To determine which kind of spirochete infects larval Ixodes ricinus, we examined questing larvae and larvae derived from engorged females for the presence of particular spirochetal DNA that permitted species differentiation. Borrelia miyamotoi was the sole spirochete detected in larval ticks sampled while questing on vegetation. Questing nymphal and adult ticks were infected mainly by Borrelia afzelii, whereas larval ticks resulting from engorged females of the same population were so ...201121923267
humans infected with relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi, russia.borrelia miyamotoi is distantly related to b. burgdorferi and transmitted by the same hard-body tick species. we report 46 cases of b. miyamotoi infection in humans and compare the frequency and clinical manifestations of this infection with those caused by b. garinii and b. burgdorferi infection. all 46 patients lived in russia and had influenza-like illness with fever as high as 39.5°c; relapsing febrile illness occurred in 5 (11%) and erythema migrans in 4 (9%). in russia, the rate of b. miya ...201122000350
detection and genetic characterization of relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi in estonian ticks.during the years 2008-2010 i. ricinus and i. persulcatus ticks were collected from 64 sites in mainland estonia and on the island saaremaa. presence of b. miyamotoi was found in 0.9% (23/2622) of ticks. the prevalence in i. persulcatus and i. ricinus ticks differed significantly, 2.7% (15/561) and 0.4% (8/2061), respectively. the highest prevalence rates were in found south-eastern estonia in an area of i. persulcatus and i. ricinus sympatry and varied from 1.4% (1/73) to 2.8% (5/178). co-infect ...201223251652
[clinical presentation of "new" tick-borne borreliosis caused by borrelia miyamotoi].the objective of this study was to confirm the role of b. miyamotoi in the etiology of itbb-woem in udmurtia and to investigate in detail the clinical presentation of this "new" disease.201223252245
a novel relapsing fever borrelia sp. infects the salivary glands of the molted hard tick, amblyomma geoemydae.a novel relapsing fever borrelia sp. was found in amblyomma geoemydae in japan. the novel borrelia sp. was phylogenetically related to the hard (ixodid) tick-borne relapsing fever borrelia spp. borrelia miyamotoi and b. lonestari. the novel relapsing fever borrelia sp. was detected in 39 a. geoemydae (39/274: 14.2%), of which 14 (14/274: 5.1%) were co-infected with the novel relapsing fever borrelia sp. and borrelia sp. tag, one of the reptile-associated borreliae. transstadial transmission of t ...201222910061
associations of passerine birds, rabbits, and ticks with borrelia miyamotoi and borrelia andersonii in michigan, u.s.a.wild birds contribute to maintenance and dissemination of vectors and microbes, including those that impact human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. here we elucidate roles of wild passerine birds, eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), and ixodes dentatus ticks in enzootic cycles of two spirochetes, borrelia miyamotoi and b. andersonii in a region of michigan where the zoonotic pathogen b. burgdorferi co-circulates.201223057837
transovarial transmission of borrelia spirochetes by ixodes scapularis: a summary of the literature and recent observations.transovarial transmission (tot) of borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), the agent of lyme disease, by the ixodes persulcatus group of hard ticks (ixodidae) has frequently been reported in the literature since the discovery of lyme disease 1982. evidence for and against tot by b. burgdorferi has led to uncertainty and confusion in the literature, causing misconceptions that may have public health consequences. in this report, we review the published information implicating b. burgdorferi as a bacte ...201323238242
borrelia miyamotoi infections among wild rodents show age and month independence and correlation with ixodes persulcatus larval attachment in hokkaido, japan.to clarify how borrelia miyamotoi is maintained in the environment in hokkaido, we examined ixodes persulcatus for its prevalence among wild rodents and its tick vector by detecting a portion of the borrelial flab gene in rodent urinary bladder and blood samples, and from whole ticks. we compared b. miyamotoi infection rates to borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii, which are human lyme disease pathogens also carried by wild rodents, and which are transmitted by the same vector tick. whereas b. ...201323210636
[the application of decision trees for constructing an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of zoonotic infections].to attempt to construct an algorithm using the routine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data for the differential diagnosis of ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (itbb) caused by borrelia miyamotoi (bm-itbb) and other zoonotic infections that are endemic in russia.201324432595
borrelia miyamotoi: more lessons on disease discovery. 201324189601
borrelia miyamotoi: a lesson in disease discovery. 201323817704
borrelia miyamotoi infection presenting as human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case report.the diverse tickborne infections of the northeastern united states can present as undifferentiated flu-like illnesses. in areas endemic for lyme and other tickborne diseases, patients presenting with acute febrile illness with myalgia, headache, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels are presumptively diagnosed as having human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga).201323817701
quantitative pcr for detection of babesia microti in ixodes scapularis ticks and in human blood.babesia microti, the primary cause of human babesiosis in the united states, is transmitted by ixodes scapularis ticks; transmission may also occur through blood transfusion and transplacentally. most infected people experience a viral-like illness that resolves without complication, but those who are immunocompromised may develop a serious and prolonged illness that is sometimes fatal. the geographic expansion and increasing incidence of human babesiosis in the northeastern and midwestern unite ...201324107203
chromosome sequence of borrelia miyamotoi, an uncultivable tick-borne agent of human infection.borrelia miyamotoi is a newly recognized agent of human disease. b. miyamotoi strain lb-2001, an isolate from the tick ixodes scapularis, was propagated in mice. the sequence of the chromosome was determined by next-generation sequencing of dna isolated from whole blood. the sequence established that b. miyamotoi is a relapsing fever group species.201324029760
a case of meningoencephalitis by the relapsing fever spirochaete borrelia miyamotoi in europe. 201323953389
meningoencephalitis from borrelia miyamotoi in an immunocompromised patient.ixodes ticks serve as vectors for borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. globally, these ticks often concurrently harbor b. miyamotoi, a spirochete that is classified within the relapsing-fever group of spirochetes. although humans presumably are exposed to b. miyamotoi, there are limited data suggesting disease attributable to it. we report a case of progressive mental deterioration in an older, immunocompromised patient, and even though koch's postulates were not met, we posit b. miy ...201323323900
pathogens in ticks collected from dogs in berlin/brandenburg, germany.tick-borne diseases are a major health risk for humans and dogs. in addition to collection and analysis of questing ticks, analysis of host-associated ticks for the presence of pathogens is a valuable method to gain insight into transmission patterns of tick-borne diseases.201425441762
ixodes ricinus and its transmitted pathogens in urban and peri-urban areas in europe: new hazards and relevance for public health.tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in europe. recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in european urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. in urban habitats, small and medi ...201425520947
large scale spatial risk and comparative prevalence of borrelia miyamotoi and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes pacificus.borrelia miyamotoi is a newly described emerging pathogen transmitted to people by ixodes species ticks and found in temperate regions of north america, europe, and asia. there is limited understanding of large scale entomological risk patterns of b. miyamotoi and of borreila burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), the agent of lyme disease, in western north america. in this study, b. miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochete, was detected in adult (n=70) and nymphal (n=36) ixodes pacificus ticks collecte ...201425333277
prevalence of borrelia miyamotoi in ixodes ticks in europe and the united states.borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever-related spirochete transmitted by ixodes ticks, has been recently shown to be a human pathogen. to characterize the prevalence of this organism in questing ixodes ticks, we tested 2,754 ticks for a variety of tickborne pathogens by pcr and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. ticks were collected from california, new york, connecticut, pennsylvania, and indiana in the united states and from germany and the czech republic in europe from 2008 through 201 ...201425280366
high seroprevalence of borrelia miyamotoi antibodies in forestry workers and individuals suspected of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the netherlands.substantial exposure to borrelia miyamotoi occurs through bites from ixodes ricinus ticks in the netherlands, which also transmit borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum. direct evidence for b. miyamotoi infection in european populations is scarce. a flu-like illness with high fever, resembling human granulocytic anaplasmosis, has been attributed to b. miyamotoi infections in relatively small groups. borrelia miyamotoi infections associated with chronic meningoencephalitis ...201425356364
the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi is cultivable in a modified kelly-pettenkofer medium, and is resistant to human complement.borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever spirochete found in ixodes ticks in north america, europe, and asia, and has recently been found to be invasive in humans. cultivation of this spirochete has not yet been described, but is important for patient diagnostics and scientific purposes. host specificity of borrelia species is dependent on resistance to host complement (serum resistance), and since b. miyamotoi has been identified as a human pathogen we were interested whether b. miyamotoi is res ...201425189195
broad-range survey of tick-borne pathogens in southern germany reveals a high prevalence of babesia microti and a diversity of other tick-borne pathogens.abstract ticks harbor numerous pathogens of significance to human and animal health. a better understanding of the pathogens carried by ticks in a given geographic area can alert health care providers of specific health risks leading to better diagnosis and treatments. in this study, we tested 226 ixodes ricinis ticks from southern germany using a broad-range pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry assay (pcr/esi-ms) designed to identify tick-borne bacterial and protozoan pathogens in ...201425072989
high-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in europe.due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout europe. therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. to accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (tbps), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from france, denmark, and the netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. this advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detect ...201425120960
borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato seroreactivity and seroprevalence in the northeastern united states.borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, a relapsing fever borrelia sp., is transmitted by the same ticks that transmit b. burgdorferi (the lyme disease pathogen) and occurs in all lyme disease-endemic areas of the united states. to determine the seroprevalence of igg against b. miyamotoi sensu lato in the northeastern united states and assess whether serum from b. miyamotoi sensu lato-infected persons is reactive to b. burgdorferi antigens, we tested archived serum samples from area residents during 1991 ...201424960072
dna sequencing diagnosis of off-season spirochetemia with low bacterial density in borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia miyamotoi infections.a highly conserved 357-bp segment of the 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s rdna) of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the correspondent 358-bp segment of the borrelia miyamotoi gene were amplified by a single pair of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers for detection, and the amplicons were used as the templates for direct sanger dna sequencing. reliable molecular diagnosis of these borreliae was confirmed by sequence alignment analysis of the hypervariable regions of the pcr amplicon, usi ...201424968274
lyme and associated tick-borne diseases: global challenges in the context of a public health threat. 201424918091
genetic characterization of the human relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi in vectors and animal reservoirs of lyme disease spirochetes in france.in france as elsewhere in europe the most prevalent tbd in humans is lyme borreliosis, caused by different bacterial species belonging to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and transmitted by the most important tick species in france, ixodes ricinus. however, the diagnosis of lyme disease is not always confirmed and unexplained syndromes occurring after tick bites have become an important issue. recently, b. miyamotoi belonging to the relapsing fever group and transmitted by the same ixodes ...201424886071
the prevalence of borrelia miyamotoi infection, and co-infections with other borrelia spp. in ixodes scapularis ticks collected in canada.blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis are vectors of the tick-borne pathogens borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti. recently, the i. scapularis-borne bacterium borrelia miyamotoi has been linked to human illness in north america. the range of this tick is expanding in canada which may increase the potential for human exposure to these agents.201424731287
detection of borreliae in archived sera from patients with clinically suspect lyme disease.the diagnoses of lyme disease based on clinical manifestations, serological findings and detection of infectious agents often contradict each other. we tested 52 blind-coded serum samples, including 20 pre-treatment and 12 post-treatment sera from clinically suspect lyme disease patients, for the presence of residual lyme disease infectious agents, using nested pcr amplification of a signature segment of the borrelial 16s ribosomal rna gene for detection and direct dna sequencing of the pcr ampl ...201424619223
tick-borne pathogens in northwestern california, usa. 201424565119
phylogeny of a relapsing fever borrelia species transmitted by the hard tick ixodes scapularis.the discovery of borrelia species that were related to the agents of relapsing fever but were transmitted by hard ticks rather than soft ticks challenged previous taxonomies based largely on microbe-host specificities and geographic considerations. one of these newly-identified organisms is the borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato strain lb-2001 from north america and transmitted by ixodes scapularis. this or related strains have been identified as the cause of human disease, but comparatively little i ...201424813576
tick surveillance for relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi in hokkaido, japan.during 2012-2013, a total of 4325 host-seeking adult ticks belonging to the genus ixodes were collected from various localities of hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. tick lysates were subjected to real-time pcr assay to detect borrelial infection. the assay was designed for specific detection of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi and for unspecific detection of lyme disease-related spirochetes. overall prevalence of b. miyamotoi was 2% (71/3532) in ixodes persulcatus, 4.3 ...201425111141
tick-borne pathogen - reversed and conventional discovery of disease.molecular methods have increased the number of known microorganisms associated with ticks significantly. some of these newly identified microorganisms are readily linked to human disease while others are yet unknown to cause human disease. the face of tick-borne disease discovery has changed with more diseases now being discovered in a "reversed way," detecting disease cases only years after the tick-borne microorganism was first discovered. compared to the conventional discovery of infectious d ...201425072045
[dna detection of pathogens transmitted by ixodid ticks in blood of small mammals inhabiting the forest biotopes in middle irtysh area (omsk region, west siberia)].microtine rodents were captured in two disconnected sampling sites in omsk region where ixodes pesulrcatus and ixodes trianguliceps are sympatric. in blood samples of rodents the dna was revealed belonging to several ixodid-transmitted pathogens: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (prevalence 20.0 and 6.0%, here and further values are given for the first and second site, respectively), borrelia miyamotoi (8.3 and 2.0%), anlaplasnma phagocytophilum (33.3 and 48.0%), ehrlichia muris (30.0 and 2.0%) a ...201425507835
[dna detection of pathogens transmitted by ixodid ticks in blood of small mammals inhabiting the forest biotopes in middle irtysh area (omsk region, west siberia)].microtine rodents were captured in two disconnected sampling sites in omsk region where ixodes pesulrcatus and ixodes trianguliceps are sympatric. in blood samples of rodents the dna was revealed belonging to several ixodid-transmitted pathogens: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (prevalence 20.0 and 6.0%, here and further values are given for the first and second site, respectively), borrelia miyamotoi (8.3 and 2.0%), anlaplasnma phagocytophilum (33.3 and 48.0%), ehrlichia muris (30.0 and 2.0%) a ...201425434237
increased diversity of zoonotic pathogens and borrelia burgdorferi strains in established versus incipient ixodes scapularis populations across the midwestern united states.the center of origin theory predicts that genetic diversity will be greatest near a specie's geographic origin because of the length of time for evolution. by corollary, diversity will decrease with distance from the origin; furthermore, invasion and colonization are frequently associated with founder effects that reduce genetic variation in incipient populations. the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, harbors a suite of zoonotic pathogens, and the geographic range of the tick is expanding in ...201424953506
are apodemus spp. mice and myodes glareolus reservoirs for borrelia miyamotoi, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, rickettsia helvetica, r. monacensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum?in europe, in addition to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, other zoonotic pathogens, like b. miyamotoi, a species related to the relapsing fever spirochaetes, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis (n. mikurensis), rickettsia helvetica, rickettsia monacensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported in the ixodid tick ixodes ricinus. no study was conducted to identify reservoir hosts for these pathogens. here, we investigated the role played by wild ro ...201424582511
ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) as a vector of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and borrelia miyamotoi in lower silesia, poland--preliminary study.ixodes ricinus is the primary vector of borrelia spirochetes in europe, including both the lyme borreliosis (lb) group and the relapsing fever (rf) group. the aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of different genospecies from the b. burgdorferi s.l. complex and b. miyamotoi in questing i. ricinus collected in chosen areas in lower silesia, sw poland. a total of 599 i. ricinus ticks were investigated using the pcr-rflp method. the calculated overall minimum infection rate of ticks with ...201425150724
remarkable diversity of tick or mammalian-associated borreliae in the metropolitan san francisco bay area, california.the diversity of lyme disease (ld) and relapsing fever (rf)-group spirochetes in the metropolitan san francisco bay area in northern california is poorly understood. we tested ixodes pacificus, i. spinipalpis, and small mammals for presence of borreliae in alameda county in the eastern portion of san francisco bay between 2009 and 2012. analyses of 218 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bb sl) culture or dna isolates recovered from host-seeking i. pacificus ticks revealed that the human pathogen b ...201425129859
the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi resists complement-mediated killing by human serum.borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by ixodid ticks, is able to cause infections associated with systemic complaints, including malaise and fever, as well as meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. in order to elucidate immune evasion of previously difficult to cultivate b. miyamotoi, we have examined the ability of this newly emerging human pathogen to escape the complement system. growth inhibition assays revealed that b. miyamotoi is strongly resistant to c ...201425104575
coexistence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genospecies within ixodes ricinus ticks from central and eastern poland.the purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and coinfection rates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genotypes in ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks sampled from diverse localities in central and eastern regions of poland. in years 2009-2011, questing nymphs and adults of i. ricinus were collected using a flagging method at 18 localities representing distinct ecosystem types: urban green areas, suburban forests and rural woodlands. molecular detection of b. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies was base ...201526408587
molecular identification of borrelia miyamotoi in ixodes ricinus from portugal.borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochete, has been found recently in ixodes ricinus ticks; however, little is known about its spatial distribution and potential local impact on human health. a total of 640 ticks (447 nymphs and 193 adults) collected throughout portugal were analyzed using two nested pcr protocols, one targeting the flagellin gene and the other the internal transcribed space region between the 5s and the 23s rrna. as a result, b. miyamotoi was detected, for the first time ...201526273814
[the blood coagulation system and microcirculatory disorders in ixodid tick-borne borreliosis caused by borrelia miyamotoi].to study blood coagulation and microcirculatory disorders as a possible cause of transient dysfunctions of organs (the kidney, liver, heart, lung, etc.) in patients with ixodid tick-borne borreliosis caused by borrelia miyamotoi (bmt). subjects and methods; twenty-four patients with lyme disease (ld) and 28 bmt patients treated at izhevsk city hospital (udmurtia) were examined in the study. platelet counts and the presence of d-dimers were determined; activated partial thromboplastin time, proth ...201526821412
[relapsing (recurrent) disease caused by borrelia miyamotoi].to clarify the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological characteristics of relapsing ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (itb) caused by borrelia miyamotoi.201526821411
borrelia miyamotoi. in response. 201526666795
borrelia miyamotoi. 201526666794
probability of spirochete borrelia miyamotoi transmission from ticks to humans. 201526584357
borrelia miyamotoi: the newest infection brought to us by deer ticks. 201526053967
borrelia miyamotoi disease in the northeastern united states: a case series.the first recognized cases of borrelia miyamotoi disease (bmd) in north america were reported in the northeastern united states in 2013.201526053877
borrelia miyamotoi is widespread in ixodes ricinus ticks in southern norway.from april to october 2007, host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from four locations in southern norway; farsund, mandal, søgne and tromøy, respectively. larvae (n=210), nymphs (n=1130) and adults (n=449) were investigated for infection with borrelia miyamotoi by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of part of the 16s rrna gene. results were verified by direct sequencing of the pcr amplicon generated from the rrs (16s)-rrl (23s) intergenetic spacer. b. miyamotoi wa ...201525962805
borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete.borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever spirochete that has only recently been identified as a human pathogen. borrelia miyamotoi is genetically and ecologically distinct from borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, while both are present in ixodes ticks. over 50 patients with an acute febrile illness have been described with a b. miyamotoi infection, and two infected immunocompromised patients developed a meningoencephalitis. seroprevalence studies indicate exposure in the general population and in sp ...201525892254
a newly established real-time pcr for detection of borrelia miyamotoi in ixodes ricinus ticks.a total of 350 ticks collected in austria were analyzed for the presence of dna sequences of b. miyamotoi. three ticks gave positive results in a b. miyamotoi-specific nested pcr. results were confirmed by sequencing the amplified glpq gene from the positive samples. moreover we developed a real-time pcr which unambiguously detected b. miyamotoi in all positive samples. further genotyping of the samples found 100% identity of the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region with swedish b. miyamotoi sequenc ...201525736476
multilocus spacer analysis revealed highly homogeneous genetic background of asian type of borrelia miyamotoi.borrelia miyamotoi, a member of the relapsing fever group borreliae, was first isolated in japan and subsequently found in ixodes ticks in north america, europe and russia. currently, there are three types of b. miyamotoi: asian or siberian (transmitted mainly by ixodes persulcatus), european (ixodesricinus) and american (ixodesscapularis and ixodespacificus). despite the great genetic distances between b. miyamotoi types, isolates within a type are characterised by an extremely low genetic vari ...201525697887
diseases from north america: focus on tick-borne infections.tick-borne infections are seen throughout the united states, with varying geographical locations. many of these infections are also increasingly seen in europe. certain ticks (eg ixodes) can transmit more than one infection. diagnosis, particularly in early infection, can be challenging and therefore knowledge of the distinguishing clinical features and epidemiology of these diseases is important. testing for lyme disease often causes confusion for patients and medical providers, as serological ...201525650204
long-term in vitro cultivation of borrelia miyamotoi.borrelia are fastidious bacteria some of which are difficult to grow in vitro. here, we report a method for successful continuous in vitro cultivation of the emerging pathogen borrelia miyamotoi. the type and quantity of serum as well as the atmosphere were critical for successful in vitro cultivation. optimal growth was achieved using 50% pooled human serum and an atmosphere of 6% co2.201525561082
blood transfusion transmission of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi in mice.borrelia miyamotoi, a recently discovered relapsing fever spirochete, occurs in hard-bodied ticks wherever lyme disease is endemic. human infection is associated with relapsing fever and can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. a few cases of transfusion transmission of other relapsing fever spirochete species have been reported but none for b. miyamotoi. our objective was to determine whether b. miyamotoi transfusion transmission could occur in a murine transfusion model. he ...201525251880
the presence of borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, in questing ixodes ricinus in belgium and in the netherlands.borrelia miyamotoi is a tick-borne bacterium that may cause relapsing fever in humans. as this pathogen has been discovered in europe only recently, only little is known about its local impact on human health and its spatial distribution. in this study, we show the results of pcr screenings for b. miyamotoi in flagged ixodes ricinus from belgium and the netherlands. b. miyamotoi was detected in nine of thirteen, and three of five locations from the netherlands and belgium, respectively. these ou ...201525212814
update and commentary on four emerging tick-borne infections: ehrlichia muris-like agent, borrelia miyamotoi, deer tick virus, heartland virus, and whether ticks play a role in transmission of bartonella henselae.emerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the united states and elsewhere. current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to ehrlichia muris-like agent, deer tick virus, borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and heartland virus was provided and critically reviewed. more research is needed to define the incidence and to understand the clinical and the laboratory features of these infections. there is also a growing need for the ...201525999230
lyme disease coinfections in the united states.lyme disease in north america is caused by infection with the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus ticks. these ticks also have the potential to transmit a rapidly expanding list of other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, deer tick (powassan) virus, borrelia miyamotoi, and the ehrlichia muris-like organism. coinfections with b burgdorferi and these other agents are oft ...201526593260
relatively low prevalence of babesia microti and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes scapularis ticks collected in the lehigh valley region of eastern pennsylvania.several human pathogens are transmitted by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. these include the spirochetes that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) which is endemic to the lehigh valley region of eastern pennsylvania. emerging and currently rare tick-borne diseases have been of increasing concern in this region, including tick-borne relapsing fever (caused by borrelia miyamotoi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum), and human babesiosis (caused by b ...201526318263
tick-borne bacteria in ixodes ricinus collected in southern norway evaluated by a commercial kit and established real-time pcr protocols.ticks are important vectors of human pathogens. the knowledge of disease causing agents harboured by ticks in norway is limited. the focus of this study was (a) to detect the bacteria of medical importance in ticks collected from the vegetation at locations in the southern part of the country and (b) to evaluate a novel commercially available multiplex pcr based method by comparing results with conventional established real-time pcr protocols. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was confirmed to be ...201525985721
borrelia miyamotoi in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks in england.this paper reports the first detection of borrelia miyamotoi in uk ixodes ricinus ticks. it also reports on the presence and infection rates of i. ricinus for a number of other tick-borne pathogens of public health importance. ticks from seven regions in southern england were screened for b. miyamotoi, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), anaplasma phagocytophilum and neoehrlichia mikurensis using qpcr. a total of 954 i. ricinus ticks were tested, 40 were positive for b. burgdorferi s.l., 22 ...201525017971
borrelia miyamotoi disease: neither lyme disease nor relapsing fever.borrelia miyamotoi disease (bmd) is a newly recognized borreliosis globally transmitted by ticks of the ixodes persulcatus species complex. once considered to be a tick symbiont with no public health implications, b miyamotoi is increasingly recognized as the agent of a nonspecific febrile illness often misdiagnosed as acute lyme disease without rash, or as ehrlichiosis. the frequency of its diagnosis in the northeastern united states is similar to that of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. a diag ...201526593262
survey of ixodes pacificus ticks in california reveals a diversity of microorganisms and a novel and widespread anaplasmataceae species.ixodes pacificus ticks can harbor a wide range of human and animal pathogens. to survey the prevalence of tick-borne known and putative pathogens, we tested 982 individual adult and nymphal i. pacificus ticks collected throughout california between 2007 and 2009 using a broad-range pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) assay designed to detect a wide range of tick-borne microorganisms. overall, 1.4% of the ticks were found to be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, 2.0% w ...201526375033
detection, identification and genotyping of borrellia spp. in rodents in slovenia by pcr and culture.borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of lyme borreliosis, is mainly maintained in natural foci through the transmission cycles of competent tick vectors (ixodes sp.) and a vertebrate reservoir. specific rodents have been identified as the principal reservoir of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in europe. borrelia miyamotoi is the only relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by the same tick. the aim of the present study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the presence of b. ...201526253121
eco-epidemiology of borrelia miyamotoi and lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in hungary.borrelia miyamotoi, the newly discovered human pathogenic relapsing fever spirochete, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are maintained in natural rodent populations. the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of b. miyamotoi and b. burgdorferi s.l. in a forest habitat with intensive hunting, forestry work and recreational activity in southern hungary.201526048373
borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans.borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever borrelia group spirochete that is transmitted by the same hard-bodied (ixodid) tick species that transmit the agents of lyme disease. it was discovered in 1994 in ixodes persulcatus ticks in japan. b. miyamotoi species phylogenetically cluster with the relapsing fever group spirochetes, which usually are transmitted by soft-bodied (argasid) ticks or lice. b. miyamotoi infects at least six ixodes tick species in north america and eurasia that transmit lyme ...201525700888
morgellons disease: a filamentous borrelial dermatitis.morgellons disease (md) is a dermopathy characterized by multicolored filaments that lie under, are embedded in, or project from skin. although md was initially considered to be a delusional disorder, recent studies have demonstrated that the dermopathy is associated with tickborne infection, that the filaments are composed of keratin and collagen, and that they result from proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in epithelial tissue. culture, histopathological and molecular evidence of s ...201627789971
molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in humans with tick bites and erythema migrans, in the netherlands.tick-borne diseases are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in europe. knowledge on the incidence and clinical presentation of other tick-borne diseases than lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis is minimal, despite the high human exposure to these pathogens through tick bites. using molecular detection techniques, the frequency of tick-borne infections after exposure through tick bites was estimated.201627706159
borrelia miyamotoi infection in patients from upper midwestern united states, 2014-2015.we confirmed borrelia miyamotoi infection in 7 patients who had contracted an illness while near la crosse, wisconsin, usa, an area where ixodes scapularis ticks are endemic. b. miyamatoi infection should now be considered among differential diagnoses for patients from the midwestern united states who have signs and symptoms suggestive of tickborne illness.201627434048
environmental factors influencing tick densities over seven years in a french suburban forest.worldwide changes in socio-economic and environmental factors and the global climate are recognised causes of variation in tick distribution and density. thus it is of great importance that new studies address the changing risk of infection for exposed populations. in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are the most common vectors of several pathogens impacting veterinary and public health that have colonised suburban habitats.201627234215
human pathogens associated with the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis: a systematic review.the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis transmits borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto) in eastern north america; however, the agent of lyme disease is not the sole pathogen harbored by the blacklegged tick. the blacklegged tick is expanding its range into areas of southern canada such as ontario, an area where exposure to blacklegged tick bites and tick-borne pathogens is increasing. we performed a systematic review to evaluate the public health risks posed by expanding blacklegged tick populatio ...201627151067
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