Publications

development & evaluation of biotinylated dna probe for clinical diagnosis of chikungunya infection in patients' acute phase serum & csf samples.	the resurgence of chikungunya virus (chikv) in the indian ocean islands and india has drawn worldwide attention due to its explosive nature, high morbidity and complex clinico-pathological manifestations. the early confirmatory diagnosis of chikv is essential for management as well as control of unprecedented epidemics. the present study describes the development and evaluation of a highly sensitive and specific e1 structural gene specific biotinylated dna probe for detection of chikungunya viru ...	0	24056565
hepatitis c virus subtype and evolution characteristic among drug users, men who have sex with men, and the general population in beijing, china.	the aim of this study was to characterize the current molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and evaluate the evolutionary patterns of hcv subtypes in beijing, china, among different subpopulations.the whole blood samples and behavioral data were collected from a total of 10,354 subjects, including drug users (dus), men who have sex with men (msm), and the general population, in beijing from 2010 to 2011. samples were tested for hcv infection using both enzyme-linked immunos ...	0	26871798
mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil.	this study aimed to verify the diversity of culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. mosquitoes were captured with nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. p ...	0	26784852
outbreak of chikungunya virus infection, vanimo, papua new guinea.	in june 2012, health authorities in papua new guinea detected an increase in febrile illnesses in vanimo. chikungunya virus of the eastern/central/southern african genotype harboring the e1:a226v mutation was identified. this ongoing outbreak has spread to ≥8 other provinces and has had a harmful effect on public health.	0	23965757
detection of east/central/south african genotype of chikungunya virus in myanmar, 2010.	in 2010, chikungunya virus of the east central south african genotype was isolated from 4 children in myanmyar who had dengue-like symptoms. phylogenetic analysis of the e1 gene revealed that the isolates were closely related to isolates from china, thailand, and malaysia that harbor the a226v mutation in this gene.	0	25062511
chikungunya outbreak in garo hills, meghalaya: an epidemiological perspective.	chikungunya (chik) fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by chikungunya virus (chikv). chikungunya infection was first reported from india in 1963 from kolkata. we report the serological and molecular evidence of an outbreak of chikungunya in northeast india that occurred in tura, a hilly and forested terrain in garo hills district of meghalaya.	0	26139776
comparison of the elution and adsorption of picornaviruses by cotton and calcium alginate wool swabs.	the recovery of picornaviruses by cotton and calcium alginate wool swabs was studied by use of prototype strains of poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, coxsackievirus a9, and rhinovirus 16/60. no significant differences in recovery of viruses by the two types of swabs could be demonstrated. it is suggested that use of cotton swabs in the virus laboratory be continued, since wool swabs may favor the recovery of undesirable bacterial contaminants. adsorption of viruses by cotton and wool swabs was similar ...	1965	14325287
the growth of echovirus 1 in hep-2 cells treated with antibody to the host cells.		1969	5803272
formation of sindbis virus proteins: identification of a precursor for one of the envelope proteins.	exposure of sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo cells to a short pulse of radioactive amino acids revealed the formation of primarily three proteins: the nucleocapsid (c) of the virus, one of the viral envelope proteins (e1), and a glycoprotein that did not appear in the virion. this third protein (pe2) has now been identified as a precursor of the other viral envelope protein (e2) on the basis of two observations: (i) the simultaneous disappearance of radioactive pe2 and appearance of labeled ...	1972	4673887
pleiotypic control by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate: a model for growth control in animal cells.	the effects of serum deprivation on several general cellular biochemical processes ("pleiotypic response") related to the growth of normal fibroblasts can be mimicked by treatment of these cells with prostaglandin e(1) in the presence of serum. n(6),o(2)'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and theophylline inhibit the membrane transport processes without much effect on other pleiotypic reactions such as overall protein and rna synthesis and protein degradation. the amount of intracel ...	1973	4351178
streptovirudins -- new antibiotics with antiviral activity. the antiviral spectrum and inhibition of newcastle disease virus in cell cultures.	streptovirudins are new antibiotics isolated as a mixture of several structurally related compounds from fermentations of streptomyces griseoflavus (krainsky) waksman et henrici var. thuringensis ja 10124. they possess antiviral activity against rna and dna viruses cultivated in chick embryo cells, namely sindbis, fowl plague, newcastle disease (ndv), pseudorabies, vaccinia and sheep abortion viruses. the naturally formed streptovirudin complex, in concentrations of 20-2.5 mug/ml inhibited the v ...	1975	241229
the interaction of histones with simian virus 40 supercoiled circular deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro.	the interaction of supercoiled, circular sv40 dna with calf thymus histone fractions has been studied. five- to ten-fold less f1 histone is required to complex a given amount of dna compared to the other histones. when the supercoiled dna is converted to either the relaxed circular form, or full length linear molecules, or gragmented linear or denatured stands, the efficiency of complex formation with f1 histone markedly decreases. we conclude that f1 histone has a special ability to interact wi ...	1975	163237
isolation of a b-tropic type-c virus from reticulum cell neoplasms induced in balb/c mice by sjl/j type-c virus.	d1-murine leukemia virus (mulv), an n-tropic type-c virus isolated from a spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm, type b (rcn-b) of an sjl/j mouse was propagated in nih swiss mouse embryo cell cultures. when injected into balb/c mice 1 day after neonatal thymectomy, 30% of the inoculated mice developed rcn-b in 5 months, whereas none of the uninoculated controls did. from the spleen and lymph node extracts of all rcn-b-bearing mice tested, b-tropic type-c viruses (designated e1-mulv) were isolated ...	1975	163327
sulfated components of enveloped viruses.	the glycoproteins of several enveloped viruses, grown in a variety of cell types, are labeled with 35so4(-2), whereas the nonglycosylated proteins are not. this was shown for the hn and f glycoproteins of sv5 and sendai virus, the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus, and for the major glycoprotein, gp69, as well as for a minor glycoprotein, gp52, of rauscher leukemia virus. the minor glycoprotein of rauscher leukemia virus is more highly sulfated, with a ratio of 35so4- [3h]glucosamine abou ...	1975	170420
translation of the genes for the structural proteins of alphaviruses.	synthesis of the structural proteins of semliki forest virus by a cell-free system derived from mouse l-cells and programmed by intracellular 26s rna is described. this polycistronic rna is translated in vitro into several discrete polypeptides. the identity of these polypeptides as the structural proteins of the virus was established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and tryptic peptide mapping. studies using formyl--e135s]methionyl-trnaf as precursor, and using diphthe ...	1975	173941
replication of semliki forest virus.	replication of semliki forest virus, a typical alphavirus, takes place in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. the virus genome, the 42 s rna, directs the synthesis of at least two rna-dependent rna polymerases. by the aid of these enzymes complementary 45 s rna is synthesized; it serves as a template for the synthesis of positive rna strands with sedimentation values of 45 s and 26 s. in bhk cells close to 200,000 molecules of each rna species are produced per cell. both 26 s and 42 s rnas a ...	1975	1107685
effect of impaired glycosylation on the biosynthesis of semliki forest virus glycoproteins.	the glycoproteins of semliki forest virus, grown in chicken embryo cells, were labeled with radioactive sugars. the data indicate a high mannose content of the nonstructural precursor glycoprotein nsp 63. this protein can also be readily labeled with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 are relatively rich in galactose, glucosamine, and fucose. glycosylation can be impaired by 2-deoxy-d-glucose or d-glucosamine or by omission of sugars in the culture medium. under these condit ...	1975	1159895
tryptic peptide analysis on nonstructural and structural precursor proteins from semliki forest virus mutant-infected cells.	analysis of [35s]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides of the large proteins induced by temperature-sensitive mutants of semliki forest virus was carried out. the 130,000-molecular-weight protein induced by ts-2 and ts-3 mutants contained the peptides of capsid protein and of both major envelope proteins e1 and e2. the ts-3-induced protein with molecular weight of 97,000 contained peptides of the capsid and envelope protein e2 but not those of e1. two proteins with molecular weights of 78,000 and ...	1975	1202249
effect of cycloheximide on viral precursor protein b in sindbis virus-infected bhk cells.	the possible role of b protein, a postulated precursor of viral envelope proteins was studied in sindbis virus-infected bhk cells. although tryptic digestion of the b protein produces tryptic peptides of the viral envelope proteins it seems unlikely that b molecules accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells are subsequently cleaved into structural proteins. we suggest that if b is really the precursor of e1 and pe2 viral envelope proteins, the cleavage takes place on the ribosomes during th ...	1975	1239649
protein-bound oligosaccharides of semliki forest virus.	semliki forest virus was grown in bhk cells and labeled in vivo with radioactive monosaccharides. pronase digests of the virus chromatographed on bio-gel p6 revealed glycopeptides of a-type and b-type. (for the nomenclature see johnson, j. and clamp, j.r. (1971) biochem. j. 123, 739-745.) the former was labeled with [3h]fucose, [3h]galactose, [3h]mannose and [14c]glucosamine, the latter only with [3h]mannose and [14c]glucosamine. the three envelope glycoproteins e1, e2 and e3 were isolated by so ...	1976	1247569
solubilization of the semliki forest virus membrane with sodium deoxycholate.	the effects of increasing concentrations of sodium deoxycholate on semliki forest have been studied. sodium deoxycholate begins to bind to the virus at less than 0.1 mm free equilibrium concentration and causes lysis of the viral membrane at 0.9 +/- 0.1 mm free equilibrium concentration when 2.2 +/- 0.2 - 103 mol of sodium deoxycholate are bound per mol of virus. liberation of proteins from the membrane begins at 1.5 +/- 0.1 mm sodium deoxycholate and the proteins released are virtually free fr ...	1976	1276219
dna gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into dna.	relaxed closed-circular dna is converted to negatively supercoiled dna by dna gyrase. this enzyme has been purified from escherichia coli cells. the reaction requires atp and mg++ and is stimulated by spermidine. the enzyme acts equally well on relaxed closed-circular colicin e1, phage lambda, and simian virus 40 dna. the final superhelix density of the dna can be considerably greater than that found in intracellularly supercoiled dna.	1976	186775
purification and properties of a highly potent antitumor glutaminase-asparaginase from pseudomonas 7z.	crystalline glutaminase-asparaginase which is effective against solid as well as ascites tumors was prepared from soil isolate organism pseudomonas 7a. this enzyme has a ration of vmax for l-glutamine and l-asparagine of 2.0. the presence of glutamic acid in the growth medium is essential for optimal enzyme production and glucose inhibits the production of glutaminase-asparaginase. the purification procedure provides an overall yield of 40 to 45% from crude cell extract to homogeneous glutaminas ...	1976	5441
studies on the role of plasminogen activator in ovulation. in vitro response of granulosa cells to gonadotropins, cyclic nucleotides, and prostaglandins.	a quantitative method is described for measuring the amount of plasminogen activator produced by rat ovarian granulosa cells following exposure to hormones in vivo or in vitro. the results confirm the previously reported observation (beers, w. h., strickland, s., and reich, e. (1975) cell 6, (387-394) that granulosa cells in vivo produce increasing amounts of plasminogen activator as the time of ovulation approaches and that the enzyme is produced only be cells obtained from follicles destined t ...	1976	965386
defects in rna+ temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus and evidence for a complex of pe2-e1 viral glycoproteins.		1976	982835
purification and composition of the proteins from sindbis virus grown in chick and bhk cells.	procedures are described for the purification of the sindbis virus structural proteins. the amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the purified proteins are presented for virus grown in bhk-21/13 and chicken embryo cells. glycoprotein e1 from virus grown in bhk cells is deficient in a mannose-rich glycopeptide found on that glycoprotein when virus is grown in chicken embryo cells. the complex glactose-containing glycopeptides appear similar for virus grown in both hosts. however, when virus ...	1976	994303
serum glycoprotein-type sequence of monosaccharides in membrane glycoproteins of semliki forest virus.	semliki forest virus was grown in bhk-21 cells and labelled in vivo with radioactive monosaccharides. the virus was disrupted with sodium dodecyl sulphate and the polypeptides were hydrolyzed with pronase. a mixture of type a glycopeptides (for nomenclature, see johnson and clamp (1971) biochem. j. 123, 739-745) of the membrane glycoproteins e1 and e3 was isolated by gel filtration and subjected to sequential degradation with exo-glycosidases. the reduction in the apparent molecular weight and t ...	1976	999925
[central activity, antihypertensive action and antiulcerogenic effects of neurotropin].	central activity, antihypertensive action and antiulcerogenic actions of neurotropin (nsp), an extract isolated from vaccinia virus-innoculated skin or tissues of rabbits were investigated herein. when actions of nsp were examined in isolated muscle preparations by the magnus-method, peristalsis and ach-induced contraction in the small intestine isolated from crayfish were not influenced, peristalsis and ach-induced contraction in the small intestine from mice were slightly accelerated, but adre ...	1976	1035190
sequential translation of nonstructural proteins in cells infected with a semliki forest virus mutant.	four nonstructural proteins with apparent molecular weights of 70,000 (ns-70), 86,000 (ns-86), 78,000 (ns-78), and 60,000 (ns-60) were translated in cells infected with semliki forest virus ts-1 mutant and maintained at the restrictive temperature. after synchronization of the initiation of protein synthesis these proteins were synthesized in the above order, suggesting that they are translated as a polyprotein starting from one initiation site. two short-lived intermediates with apparent molecu ...	1976	1064863
envelope antigens of sindbis virus in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants.	indirect fluorescent-antibody studies of living and fixed chick cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus suggest that functional envelope glycoprotein e1 must be inserted through the plasma membrane before e2. pe2 and e2 do not affect the insertion of e1. the experiments also suggest that normal pe2, a glycosylated precursor to e2, reacts with anti-e2 serum; the abnormal pe2 made by a temperature-sensitive pe2 cleavage-defective mutant did not. abnormal e1 proteins made ...	1977	319257
protein expression in e. coli minicells by recombinant plasmids.	the polypeptides synthesized in e. coli minicells from recombinant plasmids containing dna fragments from cauliflower mosaic virus, drosophila melanogaster, and mouse mitochondria were examined. molecularly cloned fragments of cauliflower mosaic virus dna directed the synthesis of high levels of three polypeptides, which were synthesized entirely from within the cloned virus dna fragments independent of their insertion into the plasmid vehicles. several fragments of d. melanogaster dna were capa ...	1977	403011
ultrastructural study of cell cultures infected with swinepox and orf viruses.	monolayer cells of a porcine kidney cell line were infected with the pp-1 strain of swinepox virus, while secondary or third subcultured monolayer cells of african green monkey kidney were inoculated with the iwate bt-9 strain of orf virus. those infected cells were fixed when cpe became remarkable in the monolayers and examined by electron microscope. in the cytoplasm of cells infected with both viruses, various immature forms of viral particles in different developmental stages were observed. ...	1977	412491
dibutyryl cyclic amp treatment of 3t3 and sv40 virus-transformed 3t3 cells in aggregates. effects on mobility and cell contact ultrastructure.	the random cell movement of balb/c 3t3 and sv40 virus-transformed balb/c 3t3 cells within homogeneous aggregates was studied by observing the degree of penetration of newly attached [3h]thymidine-labeled cells into the interior of the aggregates. the 3t3 cells penetrated into 3t3 aggregates an average of 0.89 cell diameter in 1.5 days, whereas the sv40-3t3 cells penetrated into sv40-3t3 aggregates an average of 3.20 cell diameters in the same time. treatment of the aggregates with theophylline, ...	1977	188830
adherence of human peripheral blood lymphycytes to measles-infected cells. enhancement by prostaglandin e1.	we studied the effect of prostaglandins in vitro on an immune reaction mediated by t cells; adherence of lymphocytes to measles-virus-infected human epithelial cells. normal human lymphocytes adhered to a mean +/- s.d. 20.1 +/- 5.2 per cent of these hep-2 cells. the percentage positive cells increased to 50.3 +/- 5.7 when lymphocytes were incubated with 10(-6) m prostaglandin e1 (p less than 0.01 vs. untreated lymphocytes); 10(-8) m and 10(-10) m were as effective. prostaglandin f2alpha had no e ...	1977	194153
glucocorticoids increase the responsiveness of cells in culture to prostaglandin e1.	the influence of steroid hormones on the response of human astrocytoma cells (1321n1) to prostaglandin e(1) (pge(1)) has been investigated. responsiveness to pge(1) was determined by measuring the conversion of [(3)h]atp to cyclic [(3)h]amp in cells prelabeled with [(3)h]adenine. after incubation of the cells with dexamethasone, a marked increase in both the maximal effect (2- to 3-fold) and the potency (5-fold) of pge(1) was observed. the effect was specific for the action of pge(1) in that no ...	1977	200933
comparison of the biophysical and biochemical properties of penicillium cyaneo-fulvum virus and penicillium chrysogenum virus.	the biophysical and biochemical properties of penicillium cyaneo-fulvum virus (pc-fv) and penicillium chrysogenum virus (pcv) have been compared. in sucrose density gradient sedimentation, purified virus preparations gave one major component, l, and three minor components e1, e2 and h with sedimentation coefficients of 145s, 80s, 102s and 172s respectively in each case. e1, e2 were shown to be empty particles. pc-fv l particles contained only double-stranded rna, which separated in polyacrylamid ...	1977	833575
interaction of sindbis virus glycoproteins during morphogenesis.	in cells infected with the sindbis temperature-sensitive mutants ts-23 and ts-10 (complementation group d), which contain a defect in the envelope glycoprotein e1, the precursor polypeptide pe2 is not cleaved to the envelope glycoprotein e2 at the nonpermissive temperature. this defect is phenotypically identical to the defect observed in the complementation group e mutant, ts-20. the lesion in ts-23 is reversible upon shift to permissive temperature, whereas that of ts-10 is not. antiserum agai ...	1977	833949
how a single sindbis virus mrna directs the synthesis of one soluble protein and two integral membrane glycoproteins.	previous work has shown that the 26s rna found in sindbis-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts encodes the three viral structural proteins, one internal protein, core, and two membrane glycoproteins, e1 and e2. this mrna has one initiation site; core, e1, and e2 are derived by proteolytic cleavage. here we show that during infection, the 26s rna is found mainly in membrane-bound polysomes which synthesize all three virion structural proteins. these polysomes are released from the membrane upon tr ...	1977	837448
maturation defect of a temperature-sensitive mutant of western equine encephalitis virus.	the defective step of a temperature-sensitive mutant of western equine encephalitis virus, which synthesize viral rna but not mature virus at the restrictive temperature, was studied. cells infected with the mutant virus at the restrictive temperature synthesized the same intracellular viral rna as that in wild type infection. cells infected with the mutant at the restrictive temperature formed three proteins (e1, e2 and c) which migrated to positions identical with those of purified virions and ...	1977	857772
infectious virus-antibody complexes of sindbis virus.	infectious virus-antibody complexes were formed when sindbis virus was reacted with antibodies raised against purified viral envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 as well as against preparations of intact virus. results from rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients of the complex formed with anti-e1 sera showed this complex to be about the same size as virions. a test of virus neutralization, based on direct plaque assay, by antibodies raised in rabbits and mice given virus in complete freund a ...	1977	870428
envelopments of sindbis virus: synthesis and organization of proteins in cells infected with wild type and maturation-defective mutants.	the synthesis and organization of sindbis virus structural proteins was investigated in bhk cells infected with wild-type virus (svhr) or temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective in maturation. cells infected with ts-23 or ts-20 (complementation groups d and e) were similar in the polypeptides synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature and differed from svhr-infected cells in that the envelope protein e2 was not cleaved from the pe2 precursor. data from experiments utilizing pulse-chase pr ...	1977	875134
statistical determination of endotoxin content in influenza virus vaccine by the limulus amoebocyte lysate test.	to determine laboratory-to-laboratory variability of the limulus amoebocyte lysate (lal) test for evaluating endotoxin content in influenza virus vaccine, a collaborative study was designed. participants were six influenza virus vaccine manufacturers and the bureau of biologics (bob). lysate lot 116, reference influenza virus vaccine for endotoxin assay e-1, and four test vaccines having different ratios of lal activity relative to reference e-1 were supplied by the bob. each laboratory used its ...	1977	893659
the purification and properties of two low-molecular-weight proteins required for the initiation of translation in ascites tumour cells.	a fractionated cell-free protein-synthesising system from krebs ii ascites tumour cells is described. it is dependent on the addition of exogenous mrna. in this system the translation of natural mrnas requires the presence of four initiation factors: the high-molecular-weight complex if-m3, ifemc and two low-molecular-weight proteins if-malpha and if-mbeta. none of these factors are required for the translation of the synthetic messenger poly(a,u,g). the purification of if-malpha and if-mbeta wa ...	1977	908335
regulation of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content of rous sarcoma virus-transformed human astrocytoma cells. effects of cholera toxin on the responsiveness to catecholamines and prostaglandins.	human astrocytoma cells (eh118mg) respond to catecholamines and prostaglandins with a marked increase in the rate of formation of cyclic amp. treatment of eh118mg cells with cholera toxin (10 to 100 ng/ml) for 45 to 60 min caused an increase in cellular cyclic amp content (5- to 10-fold over basal). cholera toxin also decreased the k0.5 for isoproterenol 10- to 50-fold and decreased the k0.5 for prostaglandin e1 (pge1)30- to 100-fold, while increasing the maximal response to pge1 by 1.5- to 3-fo ...	1978	203593
role of sediment in the persistence of enteroviruses in the estuarine environment.	the survival of four enteroviruses commonly found in sewage effluents was examined when the viruses were adsorped to marine sediments in estuarine water and compared with virus survival in estuarine water alone. echovirus 1, coxsackieviruses b3 and a9, and poliovirus 1 survived longer when associated with marine sediment. when the estuarine water was polluted with secondarily treated sewage effluent, virus survived for prolonged periods in sediments, but not in the overlaying estuarine water.	1978	206204
antigens of hepatitis b virus: failure to detect hbeag on the surfaces of hbsag forms.	the particulate forms of hbsag were analysed for the presence of hbeag on their surfaces. by immunodiffusion analysis, anti-hbe did not form precipitin bands with the purified forms of hbsag and hyperimmune guinea pig antisera to these forms did not react with hbeag. lines of non-identity were observed between the hbeag determinants (e1 and e2) and the dane particles and filaments isolated from an hbeag-positive serum. finally, anti-hbe failed to precipitate the polymerase-positive subpopulation ...	1978	75946
a possible role for polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the defence against recrudescent herpes simplex virus infection in man.	we have used a 51cr release assay to demonstrate that human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnl) can damage herpes simplex infected target cells sensitized with antiviral antibody. effective sensitizing antibodies were found in both serum and saliva of all those persons tested who were subject to recurrent cold sores. pmnl were much less effective as killer cells than peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but as they are the predominant inflammatory cell with the hsv1 lesion they may be, quantitati ...	1978	640713
effect of low-nacl medium on the envelope glycoproteins of sindbis virus.	lowering the nacl concentration of the medium inhibits the release of sindbis virus from infected chicks cells at a stage after the nucleocapsids have bound to the membranes of the infected cells. the failure of trypsin treatment to release the inhibited virus and the ratio of the proteins in the inhibited cells make it seem likely that the inhibited virus is all intracellular. experiments using antisera specific for e1 and e2, the envelope glycoproteins of sindbis, suggest that the inhibitory e ...	1978	642072
altered e2 glycoprotein of sindbis virus and its use in complementation studies.	we have detected a sindbis virus variant that contains a smaller-molecular-weight form of the viral glycoprotein e2. the molecular weight of the pe2 precursor and the glycosylation pattern of the smaller e2 are normal, thus indicating that this e2 is formed by an aberrant proteolytic cleavage. the altered e2 was detected in an rna+ temperature-sensitive mutant that was defective in proteolytic cleavage, but the abnormal pe2-to-e2 reaction could be separated from the ts mutation and is not itself ...	1978	650737
chemical cross-linking of proteins of semliki forest virus: virus particles and plasma membranes from bhk-21 cells treated with colchicine or dibucaine.	chemical cross-linking of the proteins of semliki forest virus has been performed in virus particles and in baby hamster kidney-21 (bhk-21) cells infected with semliki forest virus. most of the studies were done with the reversible cross-linkers dimethyl 3,3'-thiobis(propionimidate) and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). the identity of the cross-linked species was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. the results with virus particles showed extensive cross-linking of the nucleocapsid ...	1978	702646
characterization of a sinbis virus variant with altered host range.	a variant of sindbis virus which is much more infectious for mouse cells than the standard virus has been examined for biochemical properties which might be responsible for this biological difference. the variant has a much enhanced ability to adsorb to mouse plasmacytoma (mopc 315) cells, but when these cells were pretreated with heparin, they were able to adsorb the standard virus almost as well as the variant. this suggested that there was a surface charge difference between variant and stand ...	1978	708264
the molecular size of glycans liberated by hydrazinolysis from semliki forest virus proteins.	the glycans of well characterized, [6-3h]galactose-labelled glycopeptides, gc-4 from bovine igg1 as well as gp-v-2 and gp-v-5 from alpha1-acid glycoprotein, were liberated by hydrazinolysis. molecular weights close to the expected values were observed by gel filtration. desialated glycans of semliki forest virus proteins were likewise liberated by hydrazinolysis and subjected to gel filtration. metabolically labelled [1-3h]galactose-oligosaccharides of the mixed viral proteins revealed an appare ...	1979	760827
lymphocyte adherence in multiple sclerosis: effect of aspirin.	peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients form substantially greater numbers of rosettes with measles virus-infected human epithelial cells than do lymphocytes from healthy controls or from patients with other diseases. we have previously shown that prostaglandin e(1)-treated normal lymphocytes exhibit increased lymphocyte adherence, and thus behave like ms lymphocytes in this in vitro system. in this study we describe the effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on ...	1979	762244
biochemical and antigenic comparison of the envelope glycoproteins of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus strains.	pulse-chase experiments after synchronous initiation of translation indicate that the larger venzuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus membrane glycoprotein e2, is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the precursor, pe2. the structural proteins of vee virus strains representing each of the antigenic subtypes and varieties have been compared by discontinuous sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. nucleocapsid proteins of all isolates were similar in size (mol. wt. 35 to 36 x 10(3). the mol. w ...	1979	119035
influence of ph, salinity, and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment.	this study was designed to determine the degree of adsorption of enteric viruses to marine sediment and factors controlling this association. adsorption and elution characteristics of several enteroviruses and one rotavirus to estuarine sediments were studied under varying conditions of ph, salinity, and presence of soluble organics. greater than 99% of the added poliovirus type 1 (lsc), coxsackievirus type b3 (nancy), echovirus type 7 (wallace), and rotavirus (sa-11) adsorbed to sediment. echov ...	1979	39508
isolation of the structural proteins of western equine encephalitis virus by isoelectric focusing.	western equine encephalitis virus was disrupted with triton x-100 and subjected to isoelectric focusing in a sucrose or urea gradient. the two envelope proteins, e1 and e2 were not well separated in a sucrose gradient, while the e1 and e2 proteins were distinguished as two major peaks which focused in a urea gradient at about ph 7.5 and 10, respectively. isolated e1 protein refocused at ph 6.5 in a sucrose gradient isoelectric focusing column. when western equine encephalitis virus was treated w ...	1979	41505
membrane biogenesis. in vitro cleavage, core glycosylation, and integration into microsomal membranes of sindbis virus glycoproteins.	sindbis virus 26s rna has been translated in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes. when the system was supplemented with edta-stripped dog pancreas microsomal membranes, the following results were obtained: (a) complete translation of 26s rna, resulting in the production, by endoproteolytic cleavage, of three polypeptides that are apparently identical to those forms of c, pe2, and e1 that are synthesized in vivo by infected host cells during a 3-min pulse with [35s]m ...	1979	422651
[morphological and clinical liver changes after taking oral contraceptives].	in 155 women of the age group 16-45 years after intake of oral contraceptives in 68.4% (106 cases) histologically provable liver changes were found. sinusoidal ectasias of different size and drug-conditioned hepatitides most frequently occurred. an isolated intrahepatic cholestase only rarely existed. increases of transaminase are the most frequent reference to a lesion of the liver parenchyma after intake of oral contraceptives. the author adopts a definite attitude to the differential diagnosi ...	1979	425584
enhancement of hormonal stimulation in intact cells. potentiation of gtp-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase.	the ability of prostaglandin e1 (pge1) and cholera toxin to increase cyclic amp levels is potentiated 6-fold when normal rat kidney (nrk) cells are treated with picolinic acid or histidinol, or grown in isoleucine-deficient medium. the response to (-)-isoproterenol is increased 2-fold in nrk cells treated with picolinic acid but not in cells subjected to isoleucine deprivation. the increase in agonist responsiveness is time-dependent, reaches its maximum at 40 h, and is quickly reversed followin ...	1979	447667
separation of the integral membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2 of semliki forest virus by affinity chromatography on concanavalin a-sepharose.	the membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2 of semliki forest virus are of about equal size but can be separated from each other by affinity chromatography on a concanavalin a-sepharose column in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the e1 protein eluted like glycopeptides containing two peripheral sugar branches composed of n-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose and sialic acid. the e2 eluted like glycopeptides containing only n-acetylglucosamine and mannose.	1979	465536
requirements for the insertion of the sindbis envelope glycoproteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.	previous work has shown that the sindbis structural proteins, core, the internal protein, and pe2 and e1, the integral membrane glycoproteins are synthesized as a polyprotein from a 26s mrna; core pe2 and e1 are derived by proteolytic cleavage of a nascent chain. newly synthesized core protein remains on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum while newly synthesized pe2 and e1 are inserted into the lipid bilayer, presumably via their amino-termini. pe2 and e1 are glycosylated as nasce ...	1979	479287
the effect of membrane-active agents on sindbis virus morphogenesis.	in chicken cells infected by sindbis virus and exposed to a variety of membrane-active compounds, virus release was inhibited. in infected cells exposed to antiserum directed against the virion glycoproteins e1 or e2, retinol, cortisone, pb++ or insulin, the processing of two sindbis virus precursor polypeptides which lead to the formation of virion polypeptides was inhibited. the b-protein, which is the precursor to both envelope proteins, accumulated in cells treated by these compounds. this p ...	1979	500330
physicochemical properties and restriction maps of simian adenovirus type 38 dna.	the sedimentation constant of simian virus type 38 (sv-38) dna was estimated to be 31.6s. the intrinsic viscosity of dna was on average 86.5 dl/g and the length of the molecule determined by electron microscopy was 10.6 micrometer. the average mol. wt., as determined by sedimentation and viscometry, was 21.5 x 10(6), which agreed well with the value derived from the length of the molecule (21.4 x 10(6)) and with the value of 21.2 x 10(6) determined by the relative electrophoretic mobility of the ...	1979	501339
modulation of the adherence of human lymphocytes to measles-infected cells by prostaglandin e1: a differential effect on lymphocyte subpopulations.	prostaglandins of the e series (pge) may serve as important regulators of human immune responsiveness. the present study was designed to examine the possibility that pge may effect human lymphocyte function by the modulation of surface receptors. the presence of surface binding sites on human lymphocytes for measles virus antigens was studied using a rosette adherence assay. we observed that the addition of pge1 increased the proportion of measles-infected cells (hela-kll) with adherent lymphocy ...	1979	523674
sequence analysis of lactosamine type glycans of individual membrane proteins of semliki forest virus.	3h-fucose and 14c-glucosamine labelled glycopeptides of the individual membrane proteins e1, e2 and e3 of semliki forest virus could be sequentially digested with alpha-neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha- and beta-mannosidase, n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and finally with alpha-fucosidase. the degradations of the virus glycopeptides proceeded in the same way as stepwise digestions of reference glycopeptides of the lactosamine type obtained from igg and alpha ...	1979	541666
polyoma virus and cyclic amp-mediated control of dihydrofolate reductase mrna abundance in methotrexate-resistant mouse fibroblasts.	as a model cell culture system for studying polyoma-mediated control of host gene expression, we isolated methotrexate-resistant 3t6 cells in which one of the virus-induced enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase, is a major cellular protein. in highly methotrexate-resistant cell lines dihydrofolate reductase synthesis accounts for over 10% that of soluble portein, corresponding to an increase of approximately 100-fold over the level in parental cells. this increase in dihydrofolate reductase synthesis ...	1979	216671
effect of temperature-sensitive mutation on activity of the rna transcriptase of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey.	the virion-associated rna transcriptase activity of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants was assayed in vitro at the permissive (31 degrees c) and restrictive (39 degrees c) temperatures. rna synthesis at 39 degrees c by the rna-negative ts a1 and the rna-positive ts c1 and ts d1 mutants was similar to that of wild-type virus. the rna-negative ts b1 synthesized only small amounts of rna in vitro at 39 degrees c. the three mutants of complementation group e wer ...	1979	225538
temperature-sensitive mutants of complementation group e of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype possess altered ns polypeptides.	in vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was unable to distinguish the polypeptides of the temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of complementation groups a, b, c, and f from those of the wild-type virus. however, the ns polypeptide of the representative mutant of group e, ts e1, had a significantly greater electrophoretic mobility than that of the wild-type virus ns polypeptide. the electrophoretic mobilities of the ns polypeptides of the three mutants o ...	1979	225557
proposed replicative role of the ns polypeptide of vesicular stomatitis virus: structural analysis of an electrophoretic variant.	the structural lesion in the temperature-sensitive mutant e1 of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus has been assigned to the ns protein. although the packaged wild-type and mutant ns proteins were similarly phosphorylated, the mutant ns protein migrated faster than the wild-type ns protein in polyacrylamide slab gels electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. the resolution appears to be the result of conformational rather than size differences since the two pro ...	1979	228061
the use of haemophilus gallinarum dna-relaxing enzyme to investigate the relationship between the number of superhelical turns and the molecular weight in a negatively twisted dna.	covalently closed-circular, superhelical dnas, including viral dnas, bacterial plasmid dnas, and bacteriophage replicative-form dna, were treated with a small amount of haemophilus gallinarum dna-relaxing enzyme to generate incompletely relaxed dna molecules. each sample consisted of a set of closed-circular dna molecules differing by one turn in their number of superhelical turns. the dna samples were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis under conditions such that the electrophoretic mobilit ...	1979	229100
the 55k protein on the 5' termini of adenovirus type 2 dna is unrelated to virus-coded candidate transformation proteins (e1-53k, e1-40k-50k) and dna-binding proteins (e2-42k/47k/73k).	a polypeptide of 55,000 daltons (55k) is linked, probably covalently, to the k' termini of adenovirus type 2 dna. the 55k polypeptide is synthesized during early stages of infection (t. yamashita, m. arens, and m. green, j. virol. 30: 497-507, 1979) and thus may function in viral dna replication, gene regulation, or cell transformation. several virus-coded early polypeptides have been identified that could correspond to the terminal 55k, including the e1-40k-50k and e1-53k candidate transformati ...	1979	229254
the effects of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation on herpesviruses, sv40 and adenoviruses in relation to the small-plaque effect.	the small-plaque effect occurs with a wide range of herpesviruses following irradiation with ultraviolet light. the 37 per cent survival (d37) values, or dose required for one lethal hit (e-1), for herpes simplex, pseudorabies and pigeon herpesviruses in different cells indicate a broad spectrum of host-cell repair capacity. other dna-containing viruses such as sv40 and adenoviruses, which also replicate in the cell nucleus, show the small-plaque effect. ionizing irradiation of herpes simplex vi ...	1979	231946
antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus in man: the influence of drugs on polymorphonuclear leucocyte and mononuclear effector cells.	we have shown that the function of the effector cells in antibody mediated cell dependent cytotoxicity (adcc) can be reduced by the use of a number of drugs and prostaglandins. both polymorphonuclear leucocyte and mononuclear effector cells were studied. aminophylline and isoproterenol markedly reduced this activity. all the prostaglandins tested--pga1, a2, e1 and e2 had a similar but more profound effect. at a dose of 100 mg/ml hydrocortisone had relatively little influence and neither asa nor ...	1979	233219
evidence for covalent attachment of fatty acids to sindbis virus glycoproteins.	selective binding of lipid to glycoprotein was detected when [3h]palmitate-labeled sindbis virus particles or viral-infected cells were disrupted by heating with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and glycoproteins were isolated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate/10% polyacrylamide gels. the smaller glycoprotein (e2) retained 2 to 3 times more labeled lipid than did the larger ei glycoprotein, and the cell-associated glycoprotein precursor (pe2) bound even less lipid. no lipid was associated with ...	1979	287008
a comparison of new world alphaviruses in the western equine encephalomyelitis complex by immunochemical and oligonucleotide fingerprint techniques.	we have examined the molecular basis for the observed antigenic differences between isolates of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus and those of a serologically related alphavirus from the eastern united states designated highlands j (hj). the structural proteins of wee virus isolates have mol. wt. of 55 x 10(3) (e1), 47 x 10(3) (e2) and 33 x 10(3) for the nucleocapsid. the e1 glycoprotein had an isoelectric point (pi) of 6.4 and induced haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody which ...	1980	6154128
effect of prostaglandins and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate modulators on herpes simplex virus growth and interferon response in human cells.	mechanisms whereby prostaglandins and other cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp) modulators might enhance the growth of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human skin fibroblasts were explored. prostaglandins a1, b1, e1, e2, and f2 alpha, as well as isoproterenol, imidazole, carbamylcholine, and dibutyryl camp had no effect on hsv growth. on the other hand, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and theophylline delayed the growth, suppressed the cell-to-cell spread, but i ...	1980	6244226
effect of membrane phospholipid composition changes on adenylate cyclase activity in normal and rous-sarcoma-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts.	adenylate cyclase specific activities in membranes isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus are significantly lower than the specific activity of the enzyme in normal membranes. since normal and transformed membranes have different phospholipid and fatty acid compositions, adenylate cyclase activities were examined in normal and transformed membranes which had been supplemented with polar head groups or fatty acids. basal, fluoride, and prostaglandin e1-stimulat ...	1980	6245707
influence of estuarine sediment on virus survival under field conditions.	the survival of poliovirus 1 (lsc) and echovirus 1 (farouk) in estuarine water and sediment was studied in galveston bay, texas. viruses were suspended in estuarine water and sediment both in dialysis tubing and in chambers constructed with polycarbonate membrane walls. virus inactivation rates in seawater were similar in both types of chambers. virus adsorption to sediment greatly increased survival time. the time required to inactivate 99% (t-99) of poliovirus increased from 1.4 days in seawat ...	1980	6246838
endogenous synthesis of prostaglandins e1 and i2 in 3t3 fibroblasts transformed by polyoma virus. effects on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production.	prostaglandins (pg)e1, e2 and i2 were produced by polyoma virus transformed (py) 3t3 fibroblasts. the levels of pge1, pge2 and 6-keto-pgf1 alpha (degradation product of pgi2) were 22.7, 225 and 33.2 ng/ml medium, respectively, 72 h after medium change. the stimulatory potencies of exogenous pge1, pge2 and pgi2 on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp) formation were similar. therefore, the prostaglandin mediated increase in cyclic amp levels observed during growth of these cells (claesson, h ...	1980	6247743
prostaglandin e1 binding and adenylate cyclase activation in normal and transformed fibroblasts.	the binding of [3h]prostaglandin e1 to membranes of clones of normal rat kidney fibroblasts (nrk cells) has been measured. cell lines that responded to prostaglandin e1, such as nrk and nrk transformed with schmitt-ruppin strain of rous sarcoma virus (sr-nrk cells), have a high affinity prostaglandin e1 binding site. murine-sarcoma-virus-transformed lines of nrk cells are unresponsive to prostaglandin e1 and have reduced prostaglandin e1 binding exposure of cells to prostaglandin e1 results both ...	1980	6248120
use of cell fusion techniques to probe the mechanism of catecholamine-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in frog erythrocytes.	the catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase system appears to be comprised of at least three components; the beta-adrenergic receptor (r component), the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase (c component) and a nucleotide regulatory protein (n component), responsible for mediating the effects of guanine nucleotides on the system. cell fusion techniques were used to investigate the role of these three components in the process of homologous desensitization in the frog erythrocyte. dicyclohexylcar ...	1980	6251915
increased cyclic amp content directly correlated with morphological transformation of cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mouse sarcoma virus.	normal rat kidney cells infected with a cold-sensitive mutant of mouse sarcoma virus [nrk(msv-lb)] morphologically transform when exposed to adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (camp) at the restrictive temperature. the camp-induced morphological changes occur rapidly and are reversible. agents capable of elevating endogenous levels of camp [prostaglandin e1 (pge1) and cholera toxin (ct)] induced morphological transformation of nrk(msv-lb) cells at the restrictive temperature that was concentra ...	1980	6252097
reduced granulocyte response to isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin e1 after in vitro incubation with rhinovirus 16.	rhinovirus respiratory infections have been frequently associated with the precipitation of an asthma attack. as an explanation for virus-provoked asthma, it has been proposed that viruses or their products may alter beta-adrenergic responsiveness. isolated human granulocytes have provided an in vitro study model for this problem. granulocyte release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase (bg) occurred after incubation with complement-activated zymosan particles, and this release was inhibit ...	1980	6254414
subcellular action of neocarzinostatin. intracellular incorporation, dna breakdown and cytotoxicity.	the subcellular site of action of a proteinaceous antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin (ncs) was studied using normal human lymphocytes, epstein-barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cells, osmotically burst lymphoblastoid cells, and colicin e1 plasmid dna. the rate of dna strand break in these different types of dna was found to be in the following order: colicin dna > burst cell dna > lymphoblastoid cell dna > normal lymphocyte dna. furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed that lymphobla ...	1980	6256337
effects of environmental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil.	because of the increasing emphasis placed upon land application as a means of wastewater disposal, it is important to evaluate the influences of different factors upon virus survival in soil. the objective of this study was to measure the effects of various environmental variables on virus persistence. test samples of soil were placed in vials, and the soil was wetted with suspensions of virus in either distilled water, unchlorinated secondary sewage effluent, or mixtures of effluent and water. ...	1980	6257161
effects of beta adrenergic agents and prostaglandin e1 on erythroid colony (cfu-e) growth and cyclic amp formation in friend erythroleukemic cells.	the formation of erythroid colonies from bone marrow and spleen cells infected with the polycythemic strain of the friend virus (fv-p) was characterized in an in vitro methyl cellulose colony-forming system in response to prostaglandin e1 and the beta-2 adrenergic agonist, albuterol. both drugs markedly inhibited the formation of cfu-e colonies of fv-p-infected bone marrow and spleen in the absence or presence of erythropoietin. the albuterol-mediated inhibition of cfu-e colonies (fv-p-infected) ...	1980	6257732
survival of enteroviruses in rapid-infiltration basins during the land application of wastewater.	the downward migration through soil of seeded poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 1 and of naturally occurring enteroviruses during infiltration of sewage effluent through rapid-infiltration basins was investigated. after 5 days of flooding, the amount of seeded poliovirus type 1 that had migrated 5 to 10 cm downward through the soil profile was found to be 11% of that remaining at the initial burial depth. the amount of echovirus type 1 determined to have moved an equal distance was at least 1 ...	1980	6258471
distribution of virus structural proteins and protein-protein interactions in plasma membrane of baby hamster kidney cells infected with sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus.	the plasma membrane of baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells infected with either sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated by a technique involving the ingestion of latex beads by the cells. plasma membrane isolated from sindbis virus-infected cells contained only one (e1) of the three (e1, e2, and c) structural proteins of this virus. when the latex beads were pretreated with either polylysine or deae-dextran, plasma membrane obtained from sindbis virus-infected cells contained all three ...	1980	6261249
characterization of a small, nonstructural viral polypeptide present late during infection of bhk cells by semliki forest virus.	bhk cells, late in infection with semliki forest virus, were found to contain a small virus-specific polypeptide not found in the mature virion. this polypeptide had an apparent molecular weight of 6,000 and is referred to here as the 6k protein. no [2-3h]mannose was incorporated into 6k, and hence it does not appear to be a glycoprotein. this protein appears to be a primary translation product of the subgenomic 26s mrna, which encodes the viral structural proteins. the genes encoding the viral ...	1980	7365868
human enteroviruses and wildlife: isolation from gray squirrels.	five isolates of human echovirus 1/8 complex were recovered from the feces of free-ranging gray squirrels. the source of infection and the significance of the isolates remain unknown.	1980	7373721
reversible transport defects of virus membrane glycoproteins in sindbis virus mutant infected cells.	surface immunofluorescence with anti-envelope serum was used to study the transport of virus membrane glycoproteins in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus. mutants belonging to complementation group d (ts-10 and ts-23), which have a defect in the envelope protein e1, showed a temperature dependent defect in the transport of the virus glycoproteins to the cell surface. in contrast, cells infected with mutant ts-20, the only representative of complementation group e, ...	1980	7379138
defective mutant of sindbis virus with a smaller-molecular-weight form of the e1 glycoprotein.	we have isolated from a single plaque a mutant of sindbis virus characterized by an e1 glycoprotein with higher electrophoretic mobility. this higher mobility is not attributable to a different extent of glycosylation of the protein nor to an altered proteolytic maturation pathway of the polypeptide precursor, but is the result of a deletion occurring during the replication of the viral rna. the 26s rna (the messenger for the sindbis structural proteins) extracted from cells infected with the mu ...	1980	7381993
analysis of semliki-forest-virus structural proteins to illustrate polyprotein processing of alpha viruses.	the four structural proteins of semliki forest virus were purified in an amount of 30-50 nmol by preparative sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. each protein was subjected to n-terminal structural analysis by degradation in a liquid-phase sequencer. about 20 residues were determined for each of the two membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2. the amino acid sequence of e1 but not that of e2 showed extensive homology to the corresponding proteins of the closely related sindbis viru ...	1980	7408852
studies on structural proteins of chikungunya virus. i. separation of three species of proteins and their preliminary characterization.	chikungunya virus (chikv) was purified and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in discontinuous buffer systems. three bands were revealed by staining with coomassie blue; two of them (e1 and e2) were associated with the membrane, and one (c) with the core. their molecular weights were estimated to be 56,000 (e1), 52,000 (e2), and 36,000 (c), irrespective of the concentration of acrylamide in the gels. the molar ratios of e1, e2, and c were almost equal when the ...	1980	7432200
formation of the semliki forest virus membrane glycoprotein complexes in the infected cell.	in semliki forest virus (sfv)-infected cells, all structural proteins are translated from a 26s mrna using a single initiation site. the capsid protein which is made first is released into the cytoplasm whereas the two membrane proteins, p62 (the precursor for e2 and e3) and e1, are inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. based on gradient centrifugation and cross-linking studies, it can be seen that the p62 and e1 polypeptides form a complex immediately after synthesis and migra ...	1980	7441208
growth-dependent alterations in oligomannosyl glycopeptides expressed in sindbis virus glycoproteins.	sindbis virus was used to examine host cell growth-dependent expression of oligomannosyl glycopeptides within single species of viral glycoproteins. four mannosyl oligosaccharides ranging from 5 to 8 mannose residues were separated on bio-gel p4 column chromatography. virus derived from rapidly growing chicken embryo fibroblasts displayed greater quantities of larger sized oligomannosyl glycopeptides in intact virus and in purified sindbis virus glycoproteins e1 and e2 compared with virus from n ...	1980	7459334
prevalence of williams e1 antigen in comparison with e2 antigen in hepatitis b antigen carriers and patients in hemodialysis unit.	the prevalence of both e1 and e2 antigens in 1,158 sera of asymptomatic hbsag carriers, carriers in hemodialysis units, and hbsag-negative blood donors was examined. the detection rate of e1 antigen was as high as 80% in asymptomatic carriers, 95% in hemodialysis patients, and even 13.1% in hbsag-negative donors. all of the e1 antigen-positive specimens in such hbsag-negative sera were found to have both or either anti-hbs and anti-hbc, suggesting the past history of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infe ...	1980	6785391
on the mechanism of inactivation of chikungunya virus by tannic acid.	the mechanism of the action of tannic acid (ta) chikungunya virus (chikv) was investigated. both infectivity and hemagglutination (ha) activity of chikv were reduced by treatment with ta in vitro. aggregation of the ta-treated virus particles was observed by electron microscopy. the reaction was reversible, depending on the ph of the mixture. however, mere dilution of the ta-virus mixture or addition of other protein, such as bovine serum albumin, did not restore the lost infectivity. ta also su ...	1980	7219208
isolation of coronavirus envelope glycoproteins and interaction with the viral nucleocapsid.	the two envelope glycoproteins and the viral nucleocapsid of the coronavirus a59 were isolated by solubilization of the viral membrane with nonidet p-40 at 4 degrees c followed by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. isolated e2 consisted of rosettes of peplomers, whereas e1, the membrane glycoprotein, was irregular and amorphous. under certain conditions significant interactions occurred between components of nonidet p-40-disrupted virions. incubation of the nonidet p-40-disrupted virus at 3 ...	1980	6245243
adherence of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to virus infected cells: role of the cytoskeleton and prostaglandin e.	human peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) form significantly greater numbers of rosettes with virus infected cells than healthy controls. because increased lymphocyte adherence in ms may be important to the disease process, we have investigated the mechanisms governing lymphocyte adherence in healthy control volunteers. we have previously shown that prostaglandins e1, e2 (pge2), and dibutyryl cyclic amp (db camp) increase control lymphocyte adherence to ms lev ...	1981	7220657