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isolation and characterization of mycoplasma conjunctivae sp. n. from sheep and goats with keratoconjunctivitis.fourteen conjunctival strains of mycoplasma were isolated from infected sheep and goats in two separate naturally occurring outbreaks of keratoconjunctivitis (pink-eye). the biological and serological properties and cell protein patterns of these strains are presented in this report. these strains were related to each other and were unrelated to 40 recognized mycoplasma and acholeplasma species and serotypes. we are proposing that this group of mycoplasmas be named m. conjunctivae. the role of m ...19724348078
isolation of mycoplasma conjunctivae from chamois and sheep affected with kerato-conjunctivitis. 19751163177
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: experimental induction of infection in calves with mycoplasmas and moraxella bovis.eyes of 14 calves were exposed by conjunctival instillation to cultures of either mycoplasma conjunctivae (6 calves) or acholeplasma laidlawii (8 calves). calves were observed for clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), and eyes were examined for the test organisms by bacteriologic cultural technique for 60 days. acholeplasma laidlawii became established in the eyes of 5 of 8 calves; m conjunctivae became established in the eyes of 4 of 6 calves. on day 28, eyes of 9 of t ...19761275332
mycoplasmas and ovine keratoconjunctivitis.the clinical course of an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in housed lambs and their dams was followed. signs were transient generally and became severe in only a small proportion of lambs. the outbreak became most obvious when the lambs were 46 to 55 days old, when 46.9 per cent were affected. mycoplasma conjunctivae isolations, confirmed by comparison with the type strain by biochemical and serological reactions, increased to 62.1 per cent of all eyes swabbed, but no correlation could be demon ...1976969200
epidemic caprine keratoconjunctivitis: recovery of mycoplasma conjunctivae and its possible role in pathogenesis.clinical, microbiological, serological, histological, and therapeutic aspects of two separate outbreaks of caprine keratoconjunctivitis are described. the disease was characterized by a high rate of contagion, rapid onset, intense lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal opacity with neovascularization. in addition, many of the animals developed respiratory illness during the second epidemic. the only organism consistentlyisolated was mycoplasma conjunctivae. a total of 23 strains were i ...1977591066
epidemic caprine keratoconjunctivitis: experimentally induced disease with a pure culture of mycoplasma conjunctivae.the induction of caprine keratoconjunctivitis by the subconjunctival inoculation of a cloned culture of mycoplasma conjunctivae is described. the clinical course of the experimental disease was similar to that noted in naturally occurring outbreaks of "pink-eye" among goats, and biopsies of inflamed conjunctivae showed similar histological response. m. conjunctivae was consistently recovered from the inflamed conjunctival tissues of inoculated animals that developed ocular disease, thus fulfilli ...1977591067
keratoconjunctivitis infectiosa ovis (kio), 'pink eye' or 'zere oogjes' (a survey).the occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis infectiosa ovis (kio) in the netherlands was reported by hofland et al. in 1969 for the first time. at present the disease is well known in the netherlands. nevertheless there are still questions about the causative agent and the most effective and easiest therapy. most authors suppose that the disease is caused by colesiota conjunctivae, although others mention infections by other chlamydia, mycoplasma conjunctivae, mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, acholeplasma o ...19836356577
inclusion keratoconjunctivitis ('pink eye') in sheep. a proposal for a new name for chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis in sheep and comment on recent clinical trials.the cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies, which, in 1931, coles discovered in the corneal cells of sheep suffering from contagious keratoconjunctivitis are now considered to be the reticulate bodies of a chlamydia, colesiota conjunctivae (synonym: chlamydia psittaci ovis). according to the postulates of koch colesiota conjunctivae is a primary cause of contagious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep, but the clinical picture is complex and is a result of the interaction between the infecting chlamydiae, host ...19846093332
ovine keratoconjunctivitis experimentally induced by instillation of mycoplasma conjunctivae.five sheep, free from mycoplasma conjunctivae and ocular chlamydia infection, were experimentally inoculated with m. conjunctivae and five more sheep were exposed to the infection by contact. keratoconjunctivitis developed in all ten sheep. as in natural outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), clinical signs were generally moderate and transient, and recurred in some sheep. m. conjunctivae was detected throughout the 53-day observation period. clinical diagnosis was confirmed by hist ...19883218062
keratoconjunctivitis in a hill sheep flock.keratoconjunctivitis affected many ewes on a large, experimental husbandry, hill farm in early and midwinter in two consecutive years. small sporadic outbreaks occurred among ewes during the following winters and among ewes and lambs in the summer and autumn. mycoplasma conjunctivae was isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from affected sheep. keratoconjunctivitis had not been recognised on the farm before and the infection was probably introduced with purchased rams. prompt treatment prevente ...19883363825
the occurrence of mycoplasma conjunctivae in the netherlands and its association with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep and goats.the occurrence of mycoplasma conjunctivae in the netherlands is reported for the first time. m. conjunctivae was detected in all five sheep flocks examined with clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) and in none of five sheep flocks without these clinical signs. these observations suggest a primary aetiological role of this organism in ikc in the netherlands. m. conjunctivae was also detected on a goat farm with clinical signs of ikc. experiences in culturing this organism are r ...19883413973
ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis: a microbiological study of clinically unaffected and affected sheep's eyes with special reference to mycoplasma conjunctivae.in a field survey of ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis, the microbiological flora of 240 clinically unaffected eyes from sheep in 10 flocks was compared with the flora of an equivalent number of clinically affected eyes from 12 natural outbreaks of the disease. totals of 16 and 17 genera of bacteria were recovered from unaffected and affected eyes, respectively. staphylococcus, bacillus and branhamella were isolated significantly more often than the other genera of bacteria, in both the unaf ...19892678719
experimental infection of the conjunctival sac of lambs with mycoplasma conjunctivae.ovine keratoconjunctivitis (okc) identical to that seen in field cases was produced experimentally with 10(6) colony forming units of an isolate of mycoplasma conjunctivae which had been passaged three times in vitro. cytological studies showed that the peak neutrophil count in conjunctival exudate occurred 8 days after inoculation of the conjunctival sac. rapid onset of clinical signs in the uninoculated eye showed the ease with which the organism could be transferred from affected to unaffecte ...19938298956
the identification of mycoplasma conjunctivae as an aetiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis of sheep in south africa.ovine keratoconjunctivitis was successfully reproduced in lambs under 1 year of age, in four separate transmission trials, by the use of mycoplasma isolates obtained from field outbreaks of ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis. mycoplasma isolates used in one of these trials, were identified as m. conjunctivae by means of immunofluorescence. mycoplasma was isolated from approximately 87% of field cases examined. branhamella ovis was isolated from 22% of field cases examined. no chlamydia sp. or ...19947596576
use of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of ovine keratoconjunctivitis.the cells present in the conjunctival sacs of 142 healthy sheep and 87 sheep with ovine keratoconjunctivitis were examined. the most numerous cells in the healthy conjunctival sacs were epithelial cells and occasionally lymphocytes; neutrophils were rarely present. ovine keratoconjunctivitis was characterised by a rapid onset of acute inflammation of the conjunctiva, followed by hyperaemia of the sclera and pannus, and opacity of the cornea. the most numerous cells in the acute phase were neutro ...19947975104
an investigation of colonization of the conjunctival sac of sheep by bacteria and mycoplasmas.the conjunctival sacs of 100 healthy adult ewes and 20 lambs and 76 adult ewes affected by ovine keratoconjunctivitis (okc) were examined microbiologically. branhamella ovis was the only organism regularly isolated from healthy ewes and lambs, mycoplasma conjunctivae was isolated from the conjunctival sac of nine ewes but its occurrence was not associated with clinical signs of ovine keratoconjunctivitis. mycoplasma conjunctivae and branhamella ovis were isolated significantly more often from ey ...19948005222
the role of branhamella ovis, mycoplasma conjunctivae and chlamydia psittaci in conjunctivitis of sheep.smooth (s) and rough (r) types of branhamella ovis were used alone and in conjunction with mycoplasma conjunctivae and chlamydia psittaci in attempts to produce conjunctivitis in lambs. this was only successful with one s-type previously isolated from a clinical case of conjunctivitis. in experimental mixed infection, b. ovis contributed to the severity of ovine keratoconjunctivitis attributable to infection with mycoplasma conjunctivae. when b. ovis and c. psittaci were inoculated into the conj ...19948025837
role of oxytetracycline dihydrate in the treatment of mycoplasma-associated ovine keratoconjunctivitis in lambs.thirty-six lambs were placed in two groups of 10 each, one group of 11 and one group of five. the first three groups were challenged with a field strain of mycoplasma conjunctivae and the group of five lambs with an inactivated culture. one group of lambs was treated with oxytetracycline dihydrate as conjunctivitis developed at 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) and the other group was treated when the conjunctivitis was at its most severe (3 dpi). a rapid response to treatment was observed with a com ...19957735873
phylogeny of some mycoplasmas from ruminants based on 16s rrna sequences and definition of a new cluster within the hominis group.almost complete (> 96%) 16s rrna sequences from nine ruminant mycoplasmas have been determined by solid-phase dna sequencing. polymorphisms were found in four of the 16s rrna sequences, which indicated the existence of two different rrna operons. seven polymorphisms were found in mycoplasma agalatiae, three were found in mycoplasma bovis, one was found in mycoplasma alkalescens, and one was found in mycoplasma bovirhinis. the sequence data were used for construction of phylogenetic trees. all bu ...19968863441
isolation of mycoplasma conjunctivae from conjunctival swabs of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis.mycoplasma conjunctivae was isolated four times from the eyes of nine alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) suffering from keratoconjunctivitis. the animals examined were affected in two different outbreaks in the swiss alps. parasitological and bacteriological studies, including investigations for chlamydia and mycoplasmas, were performed. the results indicate that m. conjunctivae is the primary pathogenic agent causing infectious keratoconjunctivitis in this species.19968928575
lesions associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in alpine ibex.following a severe infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) epizootic in free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) in switzerland in 1993, 19 animals were examined from six different populations. mucopurulent exudates, reddened conjunctiva and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in the conjunctiva and the limbic area were observed in mild cases. in more severe cases, lesions ranged from perilimbic neovascularization to corneal edema, erosion, ulceration and neovascularization accompanied by ...19979249685
susceptibility of alpine ibex to conjunctivitis caused by inoculation of a sheep-strain of mycoplasma conjunctivae.we evaluated the susceptibility of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) to mycoplasmal conjunctivitis induced by a strain of mycoplasma conjunctivae isolated from domestic sheep by inoculation of three alpine ibexes with 1.2 x 10(6) colony forming units of m. conjunctivae in the conjunctival sac of both eyes. one more ibex was exposed to the infection by contact. experimental animals were free of m. conjunctivae and ocular chlamydia infection before inoculation. conjunctivitis and serous to mucous lach ...19989646477
detection and identification of mycoplasma conjunctivae in infectious keratoconjunctivitis by pcr based on the 16s rrna gene.a specific pcr assay based on unique sequences of the rrs genes (16s rrna) of mycoplasma conjunctivae was developed for direct detection and identification of this pathogen from clinical material. dna from eye swabs was amplified after a simple lysis step by either a single pcr with the m. conjunctivae specific primer pair mcor1 and mcof1, or by a nested pcr with the mycoplasma genus specific primer pair moligen1-l and 16uni-r in the first step and mcor1 and mcof1 in the second step. the specifi ...199910337239
mycoplasma conjunctivae infections in chamois and ibexes affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in the italian alps. 199910606022
immune responses to mycoplasma conjunctivae in alpine ibex, alpine chamois, and domestic sheep in switzerland.the humoral immune response of three alpine chamois (rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra), two alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) and three domestic sheep naturally affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), and four ibex and two sheep experimentally infected with mycoplasma conjunctivae was analysed. in addition, the local immune response to m. conjunctivae was analysed using conjunctival washes from chamois and sheep. immunoblot analysis of sera using whole cell antigens of m. conjunctivae reve ...200010813608
epidemiological and microbiological study of an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep.after several thousand sheep had been imported from australia and new zealand to croatia during 1995, many native sheep that had been in contact with the imported animals acquired a severe ocular disease closely resembling infectious keratoconjunctivitis. in affected flocks glucose-fermenting mycoplasma were isolated from 48 per cent of conjunctival swabs and branhamella ovis from 58 per cent. twelve of 42 culturally and biochemically identical isolates were identified as mycoplasma conjunctivae ...200010958488
molecular detection of mycoplasma conjunctivae in english sheep affected by infectious keratoconjunctivitis. 200111289552
detection of specific mycoplasma conjunctivae antibodies in the sera of sheep with infectious keratoconjunctivitis.the serological cross reactions between mycoplasma conjunctivae, the etiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), and the antigenetically and phylogenetically closely related mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, which is often found in sheep, were analysed. cross reacting antigens were identified using sera from sheep with ikc and from sheep of herds known to be free of ikc, as well as rabbit hyperimmune serum specific to the two mycoplasma species. cross reactions were predominantly due to ...200111361151
mycoplasma conjunctivae infection is self-maintained in the swiss domestic sheep population.bacteriological and serological investigations were performed to assess whether the domestic sheep population is a reservoir of mycoplasma conjunctivae in switzerland. among a sample of 69 sheep showing clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in three swiss cantons, m. conjunctivae was identified 53 times (76.8%). a commercially prepared indirect elisa was used to detect m. conjunctivae antibodies in 674 sera of adult sheep. we analysed a stratified random sample of 123 sheep her ...200111524162
infectious keratoconjunctivitis of ibex, chamois and other caprinae.infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) caused by mycoplasma conjunctivae is a highly contagious ocular infection which is common in domestic sheep and goats. in the european alps, ikc is often observed in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) and in alpine ibex (capra i. ibex), but the disease has also been described in other wild caprinae in the pyrenees and in new zealand. the infection is characterised by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, and in the most advanced stages, the cornea ...200211974619
mycoplasma conjunctivae infection is not maintained in alpine chamois in eastern switzerland.the occurrence of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) was assessed in alpine chamois (rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) in grisons (switzerland) from 1950 to 1999. the first ikc outbreaks were reported in the 1950's. since then, the number of affected subpopulations constantly increased and, by 1999, ikc outbreaks were reported in 39 of 51 (77%) chamois sub-populations. from 1992-99, a total of 243 chamois which died of the consequences of ikc were recorded. the number of cases differed between y ...200212038129
characterization of lpps, an adhesin of mycoplasma conjunctivae.a serine-rich membrane protein named lpps from mycoplasma conjunctivae, the aetiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) of domestic and wild caprinae, was characterized. gene cloning and sequence analysis of the lpps gene revealed that it encoded a membrane protein precursor. the protein had a typical signal sequence and a signal peptidase ii cleavage site followed by a cysteine residue representing a potential acylation site. the mature lpps protein had an apparent molecular mas ...200312576592
molecular epidemiology of mycoplasma conjunctivae in caprinae: transmission across species in natural outbreaks.mycoplasma conjunctivae is the etiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, a highly contagious ocular infection that affects both domestic and wild caprinae species in the european alps. in order to study the transmission and spread of m. conjunctivae across domestic and wild caprinae populations, we developed a molecular method for subtyping and identifying strains of m. conjunctivae. this method is based on dna sequence determination of a variable domain within the gene lpps, a gene ...200312676664
detection of mycoplasma conjunctivae in sheep affected with conjunctivitis and infectious keratoconjunctivitis.to determine the aetiology of a recurring and severe form of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in sheep.200316032322
mycoplasma species and related organisms isolated from ruminants in britain between 1990 and 2000.between 1990 and 2000, more than 1600 mycoplasmas and the related acholeplasmas were identified from ruminant animals by the mycoplasma group at the veterinary laboratories agency--weybridge. mycoplasma bovis was the most commonly identified pathogen, mostly from pneumonic calves but occasionally from cattle with mastitis and arthritis. mycoplasma canis was first isolated in britain in 1995 from pneumonic calves and the number of isolates increased to 18 per cent of the total mycoplasmas isolate ...200415508840
bacteriological investigation of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in norwegian sheep.contagious keratoconjunctivitis is a rather common disease in norwegian sheep. since the knowledge of its aetiology is limited, the present study was performed to determine the microorganisms involved. local veterinarians throughout the country collected conjunctival swabs from both sick (n = 43) and healthy (n = 42) sheep on 15 farms with outbreaks of ovine keratoconjunctivitis, and further from healthy sheep (n = 50) on 17 farms not showing any signs of conjunctival disease. all samples were c ...200415535083
outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in alpine chamois and ibex in switzerland between 2001 and 2003.five outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) affecting alpine chamois and ibex in the western and central swiss alps were recorded in 2001 to 2003. mycoplasma conjunctivae was identified from conjunctival swabs by means of a nested pcr in 27 of the 28 chamois tested. the outbreaks occurred in an area covering 1590 km(2). deep valleys acted as a barrier to the spread of the disease. a total of 409 chamois and 33 ibex with clinical signs of ikc were reported. most of the chamois were sh ...200515995237
serosurvey of roe deer, chamois and domestic sheep in the central italian alps.roe deer (capreolus capreolus), chamois (rupicapra rupricapra rupicapra), and domestic sheep in the orobie alps, italy, were serologically tested for antibodies to selected pathogens that may be transmitted across species. antibodies against brucella spp. and bovine herpesvirus 1 (roe deer and chamois only) were not detected in any species. in roe deer, antibodies were detected against toxoplasma gondii (13%) and neospora caninum (3%). chamois tested positive for antibodies to t. gondii (5%), n. ...200617092903
validation and diagnostic efficacy of a taqman real-time pcr for the detection of mycoplasma conjunctivae in the eyes of infected caprinae.infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), caused by mycoplasma conjunctivae, is a highly contagious ocular disease in caprinae. to detect rapidly and sensitively m. conjunctivae from individual conjunctival swabs of infected domestic and wild animals, a specific real-time pcr was developed using an lpps-directed hydrolysis probe in a taqman platform.200717570547
detection of mycoplasma conjunctivae in the eyes of healthy, free-ranging alpine ibex: possible involvement of alpine ibex as carriers for the main causing agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild caprinae.mycoplasma conjunctivae is considered the major cause of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in alpine ibex (capra i. ibex) and chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra). while it is known that domestic sheep can act as healthy carriers for m. conjunctivae, this question has not been addressed in wild ungulates so far. in this study, bacteriological investigations and field observations were performed to assess whether free-ranging alpine ibex can be healthy carriers of m. conjunctivae. among 136 ibex ...200918834681
first report of mycoplasma conjunctivae from wild caprinae with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in the pyrenees (ne spain).frequent outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis have been reported in wild caprinae in europe. while etiologic studies in the alps indicate that the main etiologic agent is mycoplasma conjunctivae, there are few reports from other mountain areas, such as the pyrenees, where m. conjunctivae has never been reported. in 2006 and 2007, five adult pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica; two males and three females) and one adult male european mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon) were studied; they ...200919204357
the mycoplasma conjunctivae genome sequencing, annotation and analysis.the mollicute mycoplasma conjunctivae is the etiological agent leading to infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in domestic sheep and wild caprinae. although this pathogen is relatively benign for domestic animals treated by antibiotics, it can lead wild animals to blindness and death. this is a major cause of death in the protected species in the alps (e.g., capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra).200919534756
rgd motif of lipoprotein t, involved in adhesion of mycoplasma conjunctivae to lamb synovial tissue cells.lipoprotein t (lppt), a membrane-located 105-kda lipoprotein of mycoplasma conjunctivae, the etiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) of domestic sheep and wild caprinae, was characterized. lppt was shown to promote cell attachment to lsm 192 primary lamb joint synovial cells. adhesion of m. conjunctivae to lsm 192 cells is inhibited by antibodies directed against lppt. the rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif of lppt was found to be a specific site for binding of m. conjunctivae to these e ...201020494988
characterization of mycoplasma isolated from an ibex (capra ibex) suffering from keratoconjunctivitis in northern italy.in 2005 a mycoplasma species was isolated from ocular-conjunctival swabs from an adult male alpine ibex (capra ibex) from the valle d'aosta region, northern italy. the animal suffered from bilateral ocular discharge with diffuse inflammation, severe corneal involvement of the left eye and mild corneal opacity of the right eye. histologic examination revealed a keratoconjunctivitis characterized by lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltration. laboratory investigations of the isolate included cult ...201020966258
occurrence of chlamydiaceae, mycoplasma conjunctivae, and pestiviruses in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) of grisons, switzerland.because interactions between livestock and chamois occur on alpine pastures, transmission of infectious diseases is considered possible. thus, the occurrence of chlamydiaceae, mycoplasma conjunctivae, and pestiviruses in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) of the surselva region (eastern swiss alps) was investigated. in total, 71 sera, 158 eye swabs, 135 tissue samples, and 23 fecal samples from 85 chamois were analyzed. the sera were tested by 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit ...201121398458
towards a genome based taxonomy of mycoplasmas.mycoplasmas are gram-positive wall-less bacteria with a wide environmental and host distribution, causing disease in man and in (wild and farmed) animals. the aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of a genomic taxonomic approach in mycoplasma systematics. multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa), average amino acid identity (aai), and karlin genomic signature allowed a clear identification of species. for instance, mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium had only 71% mlsa similarity ...201121840423
emergence of atypical mycoplasma agalactiae strains harboring a new prophage and associated with an alpine wild ungulate mortality episode.the bacterium mycoplasma agalactiae is responsible for contagious agalactia (ca) in small domestic ruminants, a syndrome listed by the world organization for animal health and responsible for severe damage to the dairy industry. recently, we frequently isolated this pathogen from lung lesions of ibexes during a mortality episode in the french alps. this situation was unusual in terms of host specificity and tissue tropism, raising the question of m. agalactiae emergence in wildlife. to address t ...201222522685
occurrence, quantification, and genotyping of mycoplasma conjunctivae in wild caprinae with and without infectious keratoconjunctivitis.mycoplasma conjunctivae, the causative agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), was recently detected in asymptomatic alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex). this suggested that an external source of infection may not be required for an ikc outbreak in wildlife but might be initiated by healthy carriers, which contradicted previous serologic investigations in chamois. our aims were to 1) assess the prevalence of m. conjunctivae among asymptomatic ibex and alpine chamois (rupicapra rupicapra rupica ...201222740528
prevalence, molecular diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma conjunctivae isolated from infectious keratoconjunctivitis affected lohi sheep maintained at livestock experiment station, bahadurnagar, okara, pakistan.mycoplasma conjunctivae are etiological agents of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc), commonly known as pink-eye in domestic sheep, goats and other wild animals in many parts of the world. a few young lohi lambs maintained at livestock experiment station (les), bahadurnagar, okara, pakistan showed clinical signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis, keratitis, severe lacrimation and varying degree of blindness. during january to march, 2011, a total of 36 ocular swabs were collected from ikc affect ...201323135981
dynamics of an infectious keratoconjunctivitis outbreak by mycoplasma conjunctivae on pyrenean chamois rupicapra p. pyrenaica.between 2006 and 2008, an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) affected pyrenean chamois rupicapra p. pyrenaica, an endemic subspecies of mountain ungulate that lives in the pyrenees. the study focused on 14 mountain massifs (180,000 ha) where the species' population is stable. cases of ikc were detected in ten of the massifs and, in five of them, mortality was substantial. the outbreak spread quickly from the first location detected, with two peaks in mortality that affected one (2 ...201323637923
mycoplasma conjunctivae in domestic small ruminants from high mountain habitats in northern spain.infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) is a clinical condition affecting eyes of domestic and wild caprinae worldwide, and mycoplasma conjunctivae is considered the primary causative agent of ikc in sheep, goats and wild caprinae. domestic ruminants from high mountain habitats share grazing areas with wild mountain ungulates, such as chamois (rupicapra spp.), alpine ibex (capra ibex) and european mouflon (ovis aries musimon), and domestic sheep seem to act as m. conjunctivae reservoir. in this st ...201324330682
florfenicol concentrations in ovine tear fluid following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration and comparison with the minimum inhibitory concentrations against mycoplasmal strains potentially involved in infectious keratoconjunctivitis.to measure florfenicol concentrations in ovine tear fluid after im and sc administration and determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of florfenicol against field isolates of mycoplasma organisms potentially involved in infectious keratoconjunctivitis.201323363353
infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild caprinae: merging field observations and molecular analyses sheds light on factors shaping outbreak dynamics.infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) is an ocular infectious disease caused by mycoplasma conjunctivae which affects small domestic and wild mountain ruminants. domestic sheep maintain the pathogen but the detection of healthy carriers in wildlife has raised the question as to whether m. conjunctivae may also persist in the wild. furthermore, the factors shaping the dynamics of ikc outbreaks in wildlife have remained largely unknown. the aims of this study were (1) to verify the etiological rol ...201728259139
infectious keratoconjunctivitis and occurrence of mycoplasma conjunctivae and chlamydiaceae in small domestic ruminants from central karakoram, pakistan.infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) is a contagious eye disease primarily caused by mycoplasma conjunctivae in domestic and wild caprinae. chlamydophila species have also been detected in ruminants with ikc. the objectives of this study are to investigate the ocular infection of m. conjunctivae and chlamydiaceae and assess its interaction in relation to ikc in sheep and goats from remote communities around the central karakoram national park in pakistan, performing a combination of cross-secti ...201728765500
postepizootic persistence of asymptomatic mycoplasma conjunctivae infection in iberian ibex.the susceptibility of the iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) to mycoplasma conjunctivae ocular infection and the changes in their interaction over time were studied in terms of clinical outcome, molecular detection, and igg immune response in a captive population that underwent a severe infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) outbreak. mycoplasma conjunctivae was detected in the iberian ibex, coinciding with the ikc outbreak. its prevalence had a decreasing trend in 2013 that was consistent with the c ...201728526790
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