Publications

insect predators for controlling aphids on potatoes. 8. green peach aphid consumption by coccinella septempunctata and c. transversoguttata.		1972	5085802
ultrastructural studies of development and light-dark adaptation of the eye of coccinella septempunctata l., with particular reference to ciliary structures.	on dark-adaptation of the 11-day adult eye, the rhabdomers move towards the cuticle. each c-c-r array (of tandem centrioles and ciliary root) maintains its position relative to the rhabdomere, and the length of the root is apparently unchanged. the close association of the array with the rhabdomere is not established until after the first day of adult life. the array is already present at the time of pupation. the distal centriole subsequently becomes the basal body of a transitory ciliary bud, ...	1975	1209590
pigmentation of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata by carotenoids not of plant origin.		1977	840295
histological study on the retrocerebral-endocrine complex with special reference to neurohaemal involvement of aorta and pericardial cells in coccinella septempunctata (l.) (coccinellidae-coleoptera).	about nine median neurosecretory cells (nsc) are situated in the antero-dorsal position on either side of the pars intercerebralis of the brain. no lateral nsc could be detected. the axonic bundles, after their decussation, emerge out of the brain in the form of a single nervi corporis cardiaci (ncc) on either side. these soon undergo a dichotomy--one set of nerve fibers enter the lobulated corpus cardiacum (cc) and the other set ramify over the surface of the aorta and sends out distinct branch ...	1980	7281879
plant structure and the searching efficiency of coccinellid larvae.	\| 1. to determine the effect of plant structure on the searching efficiency of coccinella septempunctata l. larvae, their functional response on pea and bean plants was compared. 2. the attack coefficient a was lower on pea than on bean plants. 3. this was not due to a difference in the coincidence of prey distribution and predator searching effort, but was due to larvae falling off the smooth leaves of pea plants significantly more frequently than off bean plants. 4. it was concluded that plant ...	1984	28311217
parameter estimation techniques for interaction and redistribution models: a predator-prey example.	the use of parameter estimation techniques for partial differential equations is illustrated using a predatorprey model. whereas ecologists have often estimated parameters in models, they have not previously been able to do so for models that describe interactions in heterogeneous environments. the techniques we describe for partial differential equations will be generally useful for models of interacting species in spatially complex environments and for models that include the movement of organ ...	1987	28312473
trace elements in soil and biota in confined disposal facilities for dredged material.	we studied the relation of trace element concentrations in soil to those in house mice (mus musculus), common reed (phragmites australis) and ladybugs (coccinella septempunctata at five disposal facilities for dredged material. the sites had a wide range of soil trace element concentrations, acid soils and a depauperate fauna. they were very poor wildlife habitat because they were dominated by the common reed. bioassay earthworms exposed to surface soils from three of the five sites died, wherea ...	1990	15092276
the influence of plant architecture on the foraging efficiencies of a suite of ladybird beetles feeding on aphids.	by manipulating plant variety and predator species, we investigated the interactions of plant and predator traits in determining predation effectiveness. the predators were all coccinellid adults (hippodamia convergens, hippodamia variegata, coccinella apunctata, and coccinella septempunctata) and the prey were cabbage aphids (brevicoryne brassicae). foraging behavior of the four predators was observed on four crucifers that differed widely in their structures and surface textures (brassica oler ...	1992	28312606
effects of an invading coccinellid on native coccinellids in an agricultural landscape.	seven native coccinellid species inhabited alfalfa, corn, and small grain fields in eastern south dakota prior to invasion and establishment of coccinella septempunctata l. six species occurred in all crops, however, adalia bipunctata (l.) occurred only in corn. the structure of native coccinellid communities differed significantly for years prior to compared with years after establishment of c. septempunctata in fields of the three agricultural crops. differences in community structure were acc ...	1996	28307147
fine structure of the kinetochores in six species of the coleoptera.	kinetochore structure was examined in a total of 6 species from 5 different families of the coleoptera using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin serial sections. metaphase spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes were studied in tenebrio molitor (tenebrionidae) to determine whether kinetochore structure varies depending on the cell type. in all three cell types, the kinetochore microtubules (mts) were in direct contact with the chromosomal surface, and kinetochore plates w ...	1997	18464835
interactions between an introduced and indigenous coccinellid species at different prey densities.	coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a palearctic coccinellid, has established and rapidly spread throughout the united states. this quantitative examination of larval interactions between c. septempunctata and coleomegilla maculata (degeer) (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a nearctic coccinellid, was conducted under controlled prey densities. larvae of both coccinellid species are affected by a limited diet [one pea aphid per day acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (homoptera: aphidid ...	1998	28308499
the role of vision and color in the close proximity foraging behavior of four coccinellid species.	the role of vision and color in close-proximity foraging behavior was investigated for four species of lady beetles: coccinella septempunctata, hippodamia convergens, harmonia axyridis, and coleomegilla maculata. the effect of light level and color cues on consumption rates varied among the four predator species. the consumption rates of these predators on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) was measured under light and dark conditions. c. septempunctata,h. convergens, and ha. axyridis co ...	1998	28308464
interspecific variation in the escape responses of aphids: effect on risk of predation from foliar-foraging and ground-foraging predators.	a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the effect of interspecific differences on prey defensive behavior on the susceptibility of two aphid species (acyrthosiphon pisum and a. kondoi) to a ground-foraging predator, harpalus pennsylvanicus, and a foliar-foraging predator, coccinella septempunctata. these organisms are representative of a biologically and economically important predator/prey system in alfalfa. the primary defensive behavior of both aphid species toward c. s ...	1998	28308458
implications of predator foraging on aphid pathogen dynamics.	the foraging behavior of starved and nonstarved second and fourth instar coccinella septempunctata larvae on dead acyrthosiphon pisum aphids, either infected with the entomopathogenic fungus erynia neoaphidis (sporulating) or uninfected, was examined. larvae searched for longer and fed less when presented with infected rather than uninfected a. pisum. although no sporulating infected aphids were completely consumed, both adult and larval ladybirds can still be considered as intraguild predators. ...	1998	9538028
assessment of patch quality by ladybirds: role of larval tracks.	gravid females of the two-spot ladybird, adalia bipunctata (l.), were deterred from ovipositing when kept in petri dishes that had previously contained conspecific larvae but not conspecific adults, or the larvae of another two species of ladybird, adalia decempunctata (l.) and coccinella septempunctata l. the deterrent effect was density dependent and mediated via a chloroform-soluble contact pheromone present in the larval tracks. similarly, gravid females of c. septempunctata were deterred fr ...	1998	28308197
essential versus alternative foods of insect predators: benefits of a mixed diet.	although many predatory insects appear to be opportunistic generalists in their selection of prey, only a subset of prey species may in fact serve as "essential foods" capable of supporting immature growth and adult reproduction. it has been suggested that other, "alternative foods" serve only to maintain the predator when essential foods are not available, but little research has evaluated the significance of a mixed diet of essential and alternative foods for predator growth or reproduction. h ...	1999	28307878
aphids, predators and parasitoids.	a number of studies have demonstrated the role of herbivore-induced release of plant volatiles in mediating foraging behaviour of aphid parasitoids, particularly with the parasitoid aphidius ervi, its aphid host acyrthosiphon pisum and the aphid food plant vicia faba. these studies have shown that feeding by the aphid alters the composition of volatiles released by the plant and that these compounds act as synomones for the foraging parasitoid. of particular interest is the species-specificity o ...	1999	10549548
the function of resilin in beetle wings.	this account shows the distribution of elastic elements in hind wings in the scarabaeid pachnoda marginata and coccinellid coccinella septempunctata (both coleoptera). occurrence of resilin, a rubber-like protein, in some mobile joints together with data on wing unfolding and flight kinematics suggest that resilin in the beetle wing has multiple functions. first, the distribution pattern of resilin in the wing correlates with the particular folding pattern of the wing. second, our data show that ...	2000	10983820
population biology of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), in two potato cropping systems in israel.	the life cycle, within-field distribution, crop damage and impact of natural enemies of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (zeller) were investigated in two potato cropping systems. the two systems differed in soil type (sandy vs. loess) which in turn affected the choice of cultivars, irrigation programme, insecticide application method (ground vs. aerial), and planting and harvest times. from mid-april to the end of may, almost twice as many moths were caught in pheromone traps in s ...	2000	11020789
response of the ladybird parasitoid dinocampus coccinellae to toxic alkaloids from the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata.	electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the ladybird parasitoid dinocampus coccinellae to volatiles from the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag) with d. coccinellae located a small peak of prominent activity in an extract of volatiles from adult c. septempunctata. the active compound was identified by coupled gc-mass spectrometry and by comparison ...	2001	11382065
behaviour of the adult seven spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), in response to dimethoate residue on bean plants in the laboratory.	the sub-lethal effects of dimethoate residue on the distribution and locomotor activity of adults of coccinella septempunctata linnaeus on vicia faba plants were investigated in the laboratory. the presence of dimethoate residues on the upper half of the plant caused c. septempunctata to spend significantly less time on the plants overall. when given a choice of treated and untreated surfaces, c. septempunctata spent proportionately more time on the untreated areas of the plant. the locomotor ac ...	2001	11415477
the effect of natural enemies on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) by rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae).	the effects of two natural aphid enemies, adult coccinella septempunctata linneaus, a predator, and aphidius rhopalosiphi de stefani perez, a parasitoid, on spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) transmitted by the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) were studied under laboratory conditions. predators or parasitoids were introduced to trays of durum wheat seedlings and the patterns of virus infection were observed after two, seven and 14 days of exposure. more plants were in ...	2001	11587627
evolution of aphidophagous ladybird populations in a vegetable crop and implications as biological agents.	aphidophagous predators such as hoverfly and ladybird beetles are effective biological agents to control aphid pests in perennial and annual cultivated species. introduction and conservation of beneficial insects are two ways to increase natural control of pests. whether massive releases of entomophagous insects are expensive and time consuming, the preservation of predator natural populations can be expected by reducing and by adapting chemical treatments in crop fields. vegetable cultivated ar ...	2001	12425054
composition of the volatiles from intact and mechanically pierced tea aphid-tea shoot complexes and their attraction to natural enemies of the tea aphid.	the volatile components from intact tea shoots (its), obtained by air entrainment, were identified by their mass spectra and retention times and confirmed by comparison with standard samples. they are e-2-hexenal, ocimene, z-3-hexenyl acetate, z-3-hexen-1-ol, butanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester, linalool, 1-octanol, geraniol, and indole. volatiles from mechanically pierced tea shoots (mpts) were identified as e-2-hexenal, ocimene, z-3-hexen-1-ol, butanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester, linalool, geraniol, indo ...	2002	11958624
chromosome numbers, c-banding patterns and sperm of some ladybird species from central europe (coleoptera, coccinellidae).	c-banded karyotypes were studied in the males of seven ladybird species from the subfamily coccinellinae, viz. adonia variegata (goeze), tythaspis sedecimpunctata (l.), coccinella septempunctata (l.), calvia decemguttata (l.), calvia quatuordecimguttata (l.), propylea quatuordecimpunctata (l.), phyllobora vigintiduopunctata (l.). all the species, with the exception of tythaspis sedecimpunctata (l.), possess 2n = 20, n(male) = 9 + xy(p). tythaspis sedecimpunctata (l.), however, has 2n = 24, n(mal ...	2002	12597528
effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: coccinella septempunctata, chrysoperla carnea and forficula auricularia.	in vitro enzyme activity of head homogenates from adults of coccinella septempunctata, chrysoperla carnea and forficula auricularia originated from different habitats in belgium (wheat, barley, rye, set-aside fields and experimental orchard, uncultivated area) were investigated in presence of insecticide active ingredients. using the procedure of ellman, i50 (m) and ki (m-1 min-1) values were established. the beneficial insects showed the least susceptibility to diazinon and the differences betw ...	2002	12696436
the use of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis for studies of genetic variation in populations of coccinella septempunctata in belgium.	the movement and dispersion of coccinella septempunctata and its efficacy as aphid control agent over large areas is not really understood because of the difficulty in identifying the origins of predators. to quantify the genetic diversity within the species and monitor the spatial foraging, populations were sampled from belgium and analysed for rapd dna variation. twenty decamer primers generated more than hundred polymorphic rapd bands and pairwise distances were calculated between populations ...	2002	12696422
behavioral and electrophysiological responses of natural enemies to synomones from tea shoots and kairomones from tea aphids, toxoptera aurantii.	olfactometer bioassays and electrophysiological studies showed that the lacewing, chrysopa sinica, the aphid parasitoid, aphidius sp., and the coccinellid, coccinella septempunctata, all responded to volatiles from tea aphids, toxoptera aurantii, to hexane or ether rinses of tea aphid cuticles, and to synomones released by aphid-damaged tea shoots, as well as to the tea shoot-aphid complex. each natural enemy spent more time searching on a filter paper treated with tea aphid honeydew than on a b ...	2002	12523563
ostrinia nubilalis parasitism and the field abundance of non-target insects in transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn (zea mays).	in this study, we evaluated in field trials the effects on non-target species, of transgenic corn producing the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in 1998, we collected ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae from transgenic bt corn (novartis hybrid 176) and non-bt corn at four geographical sites. we found a significant variation in parasitism by the tachinids lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) among sites, and more parasitism in non-bt than in bt fields. ...	2002	15612256
influence of alfalfa cultivar on suitability of acyrthosiphon kondoi (homoptera: aphididae) for survival and development of hippodamia convergens and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).	hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville and coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) larvae were supplied daily with 1, 2, 4, or 16 mg of acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji (homoptera: aphididae) reared on one of two susceptible ('ok08' or 'cuf-101') or one resistant ('54h55') alfalfa cultivar (imedicago sativa l.) . hippodamia convergens survived to the adult stage when supplied with > or = 1 mg of a. kondoi per day from both susceptible and aphid-resistant cultivars, whereas c. septemp ...	2002	12075999
effect of spatial heterogeneity on the role of coccinella septempunctata as an intra-guild predator of the aphid pathogen pandora neoaphidis.	the foraging behavior of starved and non-starved adult and larval coccinella septempunctata on groups of plants in the presence of pandora neoaphidis-infected acyrthosiphon pisum, uninfected aphids or a mixture of these two prey types was compared. in general results of these studies confirmed the results of previous work comparing foraging behavior on a smaller spatial scale in petri dishes. however, behaviors were modified in response to spatial complexity, prey quality, and the host plant. st ...	2003	12623308
potential of yellow sticky traps for lady beetle survey in cotton.	a 2-yr study was conducted to investigate the potential of using yellow sticky traps to survey lady beetles in cotton and to quantify seasonal activity patterns. the performance of sticky traps was compared with that of a 2-cycle vacuum sampler. the most common lady beetle species captured by sticky traps and vacuum sampler in cotton were hippodamia convergens guerin-meneville and scymnus loewii mulsant. sticky traps captured significantly more of both species of lady beetles, had greater captur ...	2003	12650368
predation and searching efficiency of a ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata linnaeus in laboratory environment.	the predation and searching efficiency of fourth instar of predatory c. septempunctata at various densities of mustard aphid, lipaphis erysimi (kaltenbach) and predator was investigated under laboratory conditions. the feeding rate of predatory stage decreased at increased prey- and predator densities. highest percent (92.80%) prey consumption was observed at initial prey density and lowest percent (40.86%) prey consumption at highest prey density by the fourth instar, though the total prey cons ...	2003	15267141
intraguild predation and successful invasion by introduced ladybird beetles.	introductions of two ladybird beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) species, coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis, into north america for aphid biocontrol have been followed by declines in native species. we examined intraguild predation (igp) between larvae of these two exotic species and larvae of the two most abundant native coccinellids in eastern washington state, c. transversoguttata and hippodamia convergens. in pairings between the two native species in laboratory microcosms cont ...	2004	15179586
asymmetric larval interactions between introduced and indigenous ladybirds in north america.	understanding the mechanisms that result in the success of introduced species will contribute to predicting future invasions and managing invaded systems. we examined interactions between larvae of two predatory ladybird species recently introduced to north america, coccinella septempunctata (cs) and harmonia axyridis (ha), and two indigenous ladybirds, coccinella transversoguttata (ct) and hippodamia convergens (hc). by pairing young and old larvae in the laboratory at low and high levels of ap ...	2004	15338413
toxicity of pesticides to predatory mites and insects in apple-tree site under field conditions.	various applications of active ingredients of six fungicides and three insecticides and acaricides at normally recommended dosages were tested on two predatory mite species (amblyseius andersoni chant and anthoseius bakeri garman) from the family phytoseiidae and on two predatory insect species (coccinella septempunctata l. chrysopa perla l.) dominantly present on apple trees. small differences were found between fungicide treatments. on the trees treated with six fungicide applications the pred ...	2004	15269898
aphid specific predators in potato in belgium.	in summer 2003, aphid specific predators populations were sampled in four potato fields located in wallonia. ladybirds, hoverflies and lacewings were the most abundant predators collected. a total of 6 ladybird, 8 syrphid and 2 lacewing species was found. predator species composition and abundance greatly differed from field to field, while aphids populations were more or less similar with a peak of 3 to 5 aphid/potato leaf in mid-july. all chrysopidae sampled belong to the chrysoperla kolthoffi ...	2004	15759406
the role of semiochemicals in the avoidance of the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, by the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi.	the role of semiochemicals in mediating intraguild interactions between the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata, and the aphid parasitoid, aphidius ervi, was investigated. female parasitoids avoided leaves visited by c. septempunctata adults and larvae during the previous 24 hr. ethanol extracts of c. septempuntata adults and larvae also induced avoidance responses by a. ervi. two of the hydrocarbons identified by gas chromatography (gc) and coupled gc-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), n-tri ...	2004	15303317
influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton.	in fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in tift county, georgia. the objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. the five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, secale cereale l., a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, trifolium incarnatum l., a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, trifoli ...	2004	15384330
susceptibility of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes.	we investigated differential susceptibility of lady beetles to entomopathogenic nematodes, for two reasons: (1) to estimate potential nontarget effects on natural lady beetle populations, (2) to compare the susceptibility of exotic versus native lady beetle species. we hypothesize that successful establishment of some exotically introduced arthropods may be due, in part, to a lower susceptibility relative to competing native species. in laboratory studies, we compared the pathogenicity, virulenc ...	2005	15913642
molecular cloning and analysis of a novel teratocyte-specific carboxylesterase from the parasitic wasp, dinocampus coccinellae.	teratocytes derived from the embryonic membrane (serosa) of parasitoids are released into the host hemocoel when the parasitoid eggs hatch, where they perform several functions during the post-embryonic stage. a full-length cdna encoding a putative carboxylesterase was isolated from the teratocytes of dinocampus coccinellae and was designated as teratocyte-specific carboxylesterase (tsc). it contained an open reading frame of 2571 bp coding for a protein of 857 amino acids with a calculated mole ...	2005	16102422
insecticide drift deposition on noncrop plant surfaces and its impact on two beneficial nontarget arthropods, aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera, braconidae) and coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera, coccinellidae).	drift of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin into field margins bordering wheat and its effect on nontarget arthropods was investigated under field conditions. insecticide deposition on leaf surfaces of broad beans exposed within field margins at 1-, 2-, and 3-m distance from the field edge and directly within the crop was quantified using a fluorescent tracer. the toxicity of leaf deposits to the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae) and to larvae of the ...	2005	16152978
methyl salicylate, a soybean aphid-induced plant volatile attractive to the predator coccinella septempunctata.	induced volatiles provide a signal to foraging predatory insects about the location of their prey. in iowa, early in the growing season of soybean, glycine max, many predacious seven-spotted lady beetles, coccinella septempunctata, were observed on plants with heavy infestations of soybean aphid, aphis glycines. we studied whether the attraction of this beetle is caused by the release of specific volatile compounds of soybean plants infested by aphids. volatile compounds emitted by soybean plant ...	2005	16222805
the effect of predators and hymenopterous parasites on population fluctuations of alfalfa aphids.	among alfalfa pests in iran three aphid species, green alfalfa aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harris spotted alfalfa aphid therioaphis trifolii forma maculata buckton and blue alfalfa aphid, acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji are important pests. the green alfalfa aphid can be observed all along the growing season particularly from late may to mid june at karaj climate conditions. during this period, the mean monthly maximum temperature and relative humidity were about 28 degrees c and 60-65% respectively. ...	2005	16628912
headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a fast approach to the identification and determination of 2-alkyl-3- methoxypyrazine pheromones in ladybugs.	static headspace sampling technique coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to investigate the presence of volatile 2-alkyl-3-methoxypyrazines in three different species of ladybugs of the coccinellidae family. the species investigated were coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridis and hippodemia convergens. 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (ipmp) was identified in all three species with detectable levels of 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine (sbmp) and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyra ...	2005	15665967
direct effects of snowdrop lectin (gna) on larvae of three aphid predators and fate of gna after ingestion.	plants genetically modified to express galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna) have been found to confer partial resistance to homopteran pests. laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate direct effects of gna on larvae of three species of aphid predators that differ in their feeding and digestive physiology, i.e. chrysoperla carnea, adalia bipunctata and coccinella septempunctata. longevity of all three predator species was directly affected by gna, when they were fed a sucrose solution co ...	2006	16620868
[responses to contrast objects in coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera, coccinellidae)].		2006	11642157
susceptibility of adult coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to insecticides with different modes of action.	five insecticides (pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, deltamethrin + heptenophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis berliner subsp. tenebrionis) were examined in the laboratory for their acute detrimental side-effects at field rates on adult seven-spot ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. the toxicity of the preparations was determined by measuring the acute surface contact effects (dried spray on leaves of philadelphus coronarius l.), except for b. thuringiensis where mixed pollen ...	2006	16649191
fungal plant endosymbionts alter life history and reproductive success of aphid predators.	endosymbionts occur in most plant species and may affect interactions among herbivores and their predators through the production of toxic alkaloids. here, we ask whether effects of mycotoxins produced by the symbiosis of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii and the grass lolium perenne are transmitted to the aphidophagous ladybird coccinella septempunctata when feeding on cereal aphids rhopalosiphum padi on infected plants. the larval development of coccinellids was extended, while their sur ...	2006	16720406
chemically mediated intraguild predator avoidance by aphid parasitoids: interspecific variability in sensitivity to semiochemical trails of ladybird predators.	the avoidance responses of aphid parasitoids with varying host ranges (aphidius eadyi, aphidius ervi, and praon volucre) to chemical trails deposited by intraguild predatory ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata and adalia bipunctata, were investigated. females of all three parasitoid species avoided leaves previously visited by c. septempunctata or a. bipunctata adults. the avoidance responses shown by the two aphidius species were stronger to trails of c. septempunctata than to those of a. bipu ...	2006	16902824
predators exert top-down control of soybean aphid across a gradient of agricultural management systems.	the discovery of soybean aphid, aphis glycines matusumura, in north america in 2000 provided the opportunity to investigate the relative strength of top-down and bottom-up forces in regulating populations of this new invasive herbivore. at the kellogg biological station long term ecological research site in agroecology, we contrasted a. glycines establishment and population growth under three agricultural production systems that differed markedly in disturbance and fertility regimes. agricultura ...	2006	16937822
changes in delta 13c stable isotopes in multiple tissues of insect predators fed isotopically distinct prey.	traditionally, researchers have used measurements of carbon stable isotopes to infer the composition of consumers' diets. however, since consumer's tissues may process carbon isotopes differently, particularly following a diet shift, it is possible to use measurements of carbon isotopes in multiple tissues to determine not only the composition of an individual's diet, but also the temporal dynamics thereof. this study examined how stable isotopes of carbon (13c/12c, expressed as delta 13c) chang ...	2006	16341886
inter- and intra-guild interactions related to aphids in nettle (urtica dioica l.) strips closed to field crops.	a field experiment designed to assess the biodiversity related to nettle strips closed to crops, and more particularly the aphid and related beneficial populations, was established in experimental farm located in gembloux (belgium). margin strips of nettle (urtica dioica) closed to wheat (triticum aestivum), green pea (pisum sativum) and rape (brassicae napus) fields were investigated. the diversity, abundance of aphids and related predators were analysed according to the plant crop species and ...	2006	17385508
temporal detection of cry1ab-endotoxins in coccinellid predators from fields of bacillus thuringiensis corn.	the area planted to genetically engineered crops has increased dramatically in the last ten years. this has generated many studies examining non-target effects of bioengineered plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins. to date, most have focused on population-level effects in the field or laboratory evaluation of specific plant-herbivore or plant-herbivore-predator trophic pathways. using a post-mortem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we examined the uptake of cry1ab-endotoxins by p ...	2007	17997879
intraguild interactions of aphidophagous predators in fields: effect of coccinella septempunctata and episyrphus balteatus occurrence on aphid infested plants.	intraguild relations between beneficial insects have become a major research topic in biological pest control. in order to understand the intraguild competitions between aphidophagous populations in natural conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of the gembloux agricultural university. as biological control of pests involve a community of diverse natural enemies, this experiment firstly aimed to assess the aphidophagous predator diversity and abundance in green p ...	2007	18399466
incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents.	the compatibility of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in integrated pest management programs. the most common assessments of compatibility consist of simple comparisons of acute toxicity among pest species and select biocontrol agents. a more sophisticated approach, developed by the international organisation of biological control (iobc), is based on a tiered hierarchy made up of threshold values for mortality and sublethal effects that is used to determine the comp ...	2007	17849847
survey of predatory coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in the chitral district, pakistan.	an extensive survey of predatory coccinellid beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) was conducted in the chitral district, pakistan, over a period of 7 months (april through october, 2001). a total of 2600 specimens of coccinellids were collected from 12 different localities having altitudes from 1219.40-2651.63 m. twelve different species belonging to 9 genera of 3 tribes and 2 sub-families were recorded. two sub-families, viz, coccinellinae latreille, 1807 and chilocorinae mulsant, 1846 were iden ...	2007	20334592
field-testing of synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles as attractants for beneficial insects.	seven synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) and a mixture of nonanal + (z)-3-hexen-1-ol were field tested for their ability to attract beneficial insects in an open cotton field. eleven species of the main natural enemies of insect pests in cotton fields were studied. significantly greater numbers of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata were trapped on (z)-3-hexenyl acetate-baited cards than on others that were hipv baited or the control cards. erigonidium graminicolum was ...	2008	19161683
effects of a microsporidium from the convergent lady beetle, hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville (coleoptera: coccinellidae), on three non-target coccinellids.	a microsporidium from hippodamia convergens was transmitted horizontally to three non-target coccinellid hosts (adalia bipunctata l., coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas) under laboratory conditions. for all species examined, microsporidia-infected larvae took significantly longer to develop than did uninfected larvae but the microsporidium had no effect on larval mortality. adult sex ratios of uninfected and microsporidia-infected adults were about 1:1 (female symbol:male ...	2008	18809408
accumulation of glucosinolates by the cabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae as a defense against two coccinellid species.	brassica nigra plants, characterized by high levels of sinigrin, and artificial aphid diets to which sinigrin was selectively added were used to rear the crucifer specialist, brevicoryne brassicae. aphids were provided as a food source to two species of polyphagous ladybird, adalia bipunctata and coccinella septempunctata. first instar a. bipunctata were unable to survive when fed with b. brassicae reared on b. nigra or diets containing 0.2% sinigrin, but when fed with aphids reared on diets con ...	2008	18270780
reproductive responses of invasive and native predatory lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to varying prey availability.	as adults, many predatory insects must adjust to a constantly changing prey environment while balancing between survival and reproduction. two laboratory experiments were conducted to compare reproductive responses of females of two species of lady beetles, invasive coccinella septempunctata l. and native c. transversoguttata richardsoni (brown), in utah alfalfa fields to varying availability of prey. when both lady beetles were placed immediately on experimental diets after being collected from ...	2009	19689911
predation by coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) on aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae).	coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas are key natural enemies of soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura, in north america. third instars, adult females, and adult males of both c. septempunctata and h. axyridis exhibited a type ii functional response for predation toward adult soybean aphids at 26 +/- 1 degrees c. in c. septempunctata, the functional response curve of adult males differed from those of third instars and adult females, but there was no difference between thir ...	2009	19508779
interactions of native and non-native lady beetle species (coleoptera: coccinellidae) with aphid-tending ants in laboratory arenas.	interactions between lady beetles and the european fire ant (myrmica rubra l.) tending potato aphids [macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas)] were compared in the laboratory. lady beetle species native to north america (coccinella trifasciata perplexa mulsant, coleomegilla maculata lengi timberlake, hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville) and non-native species of palearctic origin [coccinella septempunctata l., harmonia axyridis (pallas), hippodamia variegata (goeze), propylea quatuordecimpunctata l.) ...	2009	19508795
intraguild interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and an aphid predator and parasitoid at the population scale.	the interactions that occur between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and a predator (coccinella septempunctata) and a parasitoid (aphidius ervi) were assessed in microcosm and polytunnel experiments. transmission of p. neoaphidis to the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, was enhanced in the presence of both c. septempunctata and a. ervi in microcosm experiments done under fixed abiotic conditions. in contrast, the reproductive success of a. ervi was reduced in the presence of p. neoap ...	2009	19682460
investigation on effect of populus alba stands distance on density of pests and their natural enemies population under poplar/alfalfa agroforestry system.	this study was carried out in order to distinguish the effect of agroforestry system (combination of agriculture and forestry) on pests and natural enemy's population in poplar research station. wood is one of the first substances that naturally was used for a long period of time. forage is an important production of natural resources too. some factors such as proper lands deficit, lack of economy, pest and disease attacks and faced production of these materials with serious challenges. agrofore ...	2009	19579945
differential consumption of four aphid species by four lady beetle species.	the acceptability of four different aphid species macrosiphum albifrons (essig), macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), macrosiphum pseudorosae patch, and myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae), as prey for four lady beetle species, one native species coccinella trifasciata l, and three non-native coccinella septempunctata l, harmonia axyridis pallas, propylea quatuordecimpunctata l (coleoptera: coccinellidae) were tested in the laboratory. the relative field abundance of adults of the same la ...	2010	20578952
slippery pores: anti-adhesive effect of nanoporous substrates on the beetle attachment system.	traction experiments with adult seven-spotted ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata (l.) were carried out to study the influence of surface structure on insect attachment. force measurements were performed with tethered walking insects, both males and females, on five different substrates: (i) smooth glass plate, (ii) smooth solid al(2)o(3) (sapphire) disc, and (iii-v) porous al(2)o(3) discs (anodisc membranes) with the same pore diameter but different porosity. the traction force of beetle ...	2010	20427333
the ladybeetle community (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in southern olive agroecosystems of spain.	the aim of this survey is to faunistically describe ladybeetle assemblages from the canopies of olive orchards in southern spain (córdoba and granada) and determine the indicator ladybeetle species that are representative of each region, taking into account (1) the ecological importance of predatory ladybeetle species in olive orchards and (2) the variability of ladybeetle community composition in relation to landscape configuration and different farming systems (organic, integrated, and convent ...	2010	20146842
intraspecific alkaloid variation in ladybird eggs and its effects on con- and hetero-specific intraguild predators.	egg predation and cannibalism are common phenomena in predatory ladybirds despite the presence of defensive alkaloids. consumption of heterospecific eggs negatively affects survivorship and development; however, intraspecific variation in quantities of alkaloids and post-ingestion responses to con- and hetero-specific alkaloids, are not well understood. we examined variation in the quantity of alkaloids in eggs of harmonia axyridis (pallas), coccinella septempunctata l., and hippodamia convergen ...	2010	20049478
factors affecting the concentration in seven-spotted ladybirds (coccinella septempunctata l.) of cd and zn transferred through the food chain.	the transfer of cd and zn from soils amended with sewage sludge was followed through a food chain consisting of wheat, aphids and the predator coccinella septempunctata. multiple regression models were generated to predict the concentrations of cd and zn in c. septempunctata. no significant model could be generated for cd, indicting that the concentration of this metal was maintained within relatively narrow limits. a model predicting 64% of the variability in the zn concentration of c. septempu ...	2010	19683847
a well protected intruder: the effective antimicrobial defense of the invasive ladybird harmonia axyridis.	the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predatory beetle native to central and eastern asia. since 2007 it has established all over central europe. in order to elucidate which defense strategy is responsible for its high resistance to diseases, we tested hemolymph as well as eleven main components of the headspace of h. axyridis for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, b. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis, micrococcus luteus) ...	2010	20890794
effect of within-species plant genotype mixing on habitat preference of a polyphagous insect predator.	the effects of within-species plant genotype mixing on the habitat preference of a polyphagous ladybird were studied. plant species diversity is often claimed to positively affect habitat preferences of insect predators, but the effects of within-species genotype diversity have not been extensively studied. in a field experiment with different barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes in mixed and pure stands, adult seven-spot ladybird coccinella septempunctata, a polyphagous predator, preferred a spec ...	2010	21080002
frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in utah alfalfa fields.	aphidophagous lady beetles enhance their foraging success in natural settings by consuming other types of food in addition to aphids. frass analysis was used to examine natural diets of female lady beetles in fields of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in northern utah. the first (spring) alfalfa crop was censused in 2004 and 2005 to determine the diet of female adults of the introduced coccinella septempunctata l., and two native species, c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and hippodamia conver ...	2010	20388290
avoidance of a generalist entomopathogenic fungus by the ladybird, coccinella septempunctata.	fungal entomopathogens are ubiquitous within the environment and susceptible insects are predicted to be under strong selection pressure to detect and avoid virulent isolates. beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a wide host range including coccinellids. seven-spot ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata, overwinter predominantly in leaf litter and b. bassiana is one of their major mortality factors during winter in temperate regions. behavioural assays were conducted to assess the ...	2011	21449938
temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants.	background: increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. in this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aroma ...	2011	21480464
response of coccinellid larvae to conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks: a mechanism that reduces cannibalism and intraguild predation.	cannibalism, where one species feeds on individuals of its own species, and intraguild predation (igp), where a predator feeds on other predatory species, can both pose significant threats to natural enemies and interfere with their biological control of pests. behavioral mechanisms to avoid these threats, however, could help maintain superior pest control. here, we ask whether larvae of coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) respo ...	2011	22182618
cannibalism and intraguild predation of eggs within a diverse predator assemblage.	greater biodiversity among aphid predators sometimes leads to greater predator reproductive success. this could occur if cannibalism of predator eggs is consistently stronger than intraguild predation, such that diversity dilutes cannibalism risk when total predator densities remain constant across diversity levels. we compared the frequency of cannibalism versus intraguild predation by adult predators of four species [the lady beetles coccinella septempunctata l. and hippodamia convergens gueri ...	2011	22182605
the effect of surface anisotropy in the slippery zone of nepenthes alata pitchers on beetle attachment.	the slippery zone in pitchers of the carnivorous plant nepenthes alata bears scattered prominent lunate cells and displays continuous epicuticular crystalline wax coverage. the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the surface anisotropy, caused by the shape of lunate cells, on insect attachment ability. traction tests with ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata were performed in two types of experiments, where surface samples of (1) intact pitchers, (2) chemically de-waxed pitch ...	2011	21977443
intraguild predation and native lady beetle decline.	coccinellid communities across north america have experienced significant changes in recent decades, with declines in several native species reported. one potential mechanism for these declines is interference competition via intraguild predation; specifically, increased predation of native coccinellid eggs and larvae following the introduction of exotic coccinellids. our previous studies have shown that agricultural fields in michigan support a higher diversity and abundance of exotic coccinell ...	2011	21931606
prey dna detection success following digestion by intraguild predators: influence of prey and predator species.	intraguild predation (igp) has been increasingly recognized as an important interaction in ecological systems over the past two decades, and remarkable insights have been gained into its nature and prevalence. we have developed a technique using molecular gut-content analysis to compare the rate of igp between closely related species of coccinellid beetles (lady beetles or ladybirds), which had been previously known to prey upon one another. we first developed pcr primers for each of four lady b ...	2011	21749673
barcode haplotype variation in north american agroecosystem lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae).	dna barcodes have proven invaluable in identifying and distinguishing insect pests, most notably for determining the provenance of exotic invasives, but relatively few insect natural enemies have been barcoded. we used folmer et al.'s (1994) universal invertebrate primers and hebert et al.'s (2004) for lepidoptera, to amplify 658 bp at the 5' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit i (coi) gene in five species of lady beetles from crop fields in six states in the us mid-atlantic, p ...	2011	21457477
predator biodiversity increases the survivorship of juvenile predators.	when predator biodiversity strengthens herbivore suppression, the pattern generally is attributed to interspecific complementarity. however, the relaxation of intraspecific interference within diverse communities has received less attention as an underlying factor, and most experiments to date span much less than one predator generation. here, working with a community of aphid predators, we compared the survivorship of juvenile predators embedded within diverse versus single-species communities ...	2011	21203775
olfactory learning of plant genotypes by a polyphagous insect predator.	olfactory learning may allow insects to forage optimally by more efficiently finding and using favourable food sources. although olfactory learning has been shown in bees, insect herbivores and parasitoids, there are fewer examples from polyphagous predators. in this study, olfactory learning by a predatory coccinellid beetle is reported for the first time. in laboratory trials, adults of the aphidophagous ladybird coccinella septempunctata did not prefer the odour of one aphid-infested barley c ...	2011	21203774
determination of ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds and odor impact of 2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine in wine.	2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine (dmmp) has been recently identified in both coccinellidae-tainted (by either coccinella septempunctata or harmonia axyridis beetles) and untainted wines; however, little is known regarding its impact on wine aroma and flavor. the aims of this study were to obtain an accurate estimate of both the ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of dmmp in red wine and to understand how dmmp contributes to the aroma profile of red wine. in the first study, thresholds were ...	2012	23057415
a population genetic signature of human releases in an invasive ladybeetle.	biological invasions have been accelerated by a variety of human activities. propagule pressure, the number of introduced individuals and independent introductions, is probably to be influenced by these human activities and may be an important factor for successful range expansion in new environments. we tested whether the current distribution of the predatory ladybeetle coccinella septempunctata in the introduced range (usa) is the result of multiple historical human introductions or natural ra ...	2012	23043276
intraguild predation behaviour of ladybirds in semi-field experiments explains invasion success of harmonia axyridis.	harmonia axyridis has been introduced as a biological control agent in europe and the usa. since its introduction, it has established and spread, and it is now regarded as an invasive alien species. it has been suggested that intraguild predation is especially important for the invasion success of h. axyridis. the aim of this study was to compare the intraguild predation behaviour of three ladybird species (coccinella septempunctata, adalia bipunctata, and h. axyridis). predation behaviour was i ...	2012	22815790
a comparative study on effects of normal versus elevated temperatures during preimaginal and young adult period on body weight and fat body content of mature coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae).	two climate chamber experiments were performed to simulate the effects of global warming on life table parameters of coccinellids. we investigated the effects of two daily temperature profiles during preimaginal development (larval and pupal) and the young adult period (first 10 d) on body weight and fat body content of adult coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis (pallas) fed english grain aphids [sitobion avenae (f.)] ad libitum: 1) normal, i.e., current daily temperatures in centr ...	2012	22732627
complete mitochondrial genome of the seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).	the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), which is one of the best known insects capable of predation, is described with an emphasis on the noteworthy composition of the a+t-rich region. the c. septempunctata genome consists of 2 rrnas, 22 trnas, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region, designated as the a+t-rich region in insects. along with an unusually long a+t-rich region (4469 bp), the 18,965 ...	2012	22515209
evaporation dynamics of tarsal liquid footprints in flies (calliphora vicina)and beetles (coccinella septempunctata).	insect tarsal adhesive structures secrete a thin layer of fluid into the contact area. it was previously reported that the presence of this fluid significantly increases adhesion on various substrata. previous data obtained from representatives of different insect groups suggest a difference not only in the chemical composition of the fluid, but also in its physical properties. in the present study, we have measured for the first time changes in the droplet geometry over time and the evaporation ...	2012	22442363
development of an early-tier laboratory bioassay for assessing the impact of orally-active insecticidal compounds on larvae of coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).	early-tier studies are the initial step in the environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants on nontarget arthropods. they are conducted in the laboratory where surrogate species are exposed to higher concentrations of the arthropod-active compound than those expected to occur in the field. thus, early-tier tests provide robust data and allow to make general conclusions about the susceptibility of the surrogate to the test substance. we have developed an early-tier test for asse ...	2012	23321119
influence of diet on fecundity, immune defense and content of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine in harmonia axyridis pallas.	food type can affect all functional aspects of an insect's life. we investigated the effects of different diet regimes on life history parameters of the ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis. furthermore, we tested the importance of elytral color, sex, and diet on chemical and immune defense in this species. we also compared hemolymph from cohorts of h. axyridis and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) fed different diets to examine effects on the 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (ipmp ...	2012	22648506
seasonal abundance of aphids and aphidophagous insects in pecan.	seasonal occurrence of aphids and aphidophagous insects was monitored for six years (2006-2011) from full leaf expansion in may to leaf fall in october in "desirable" variety pecan trees that were not treated with insecticides. aphid outbreaks occurred two times per season, once in the spring and again in the late summer. yellow pecan and blackmargined aphids exceeded the recommended treatment thresholds one time and black pecan aphids exceeded the recommended treatment levels three times over t ...	2012	26466738
two volatile organic compounds trigger plant self-defense against a bacterial pathogen and a sucking insect in cucumber under open field conditions.	systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant self-defense mechanism against a broad-range of pathogens and insect pests. among chemical sar triggers, plant and bacterial volatiles are promising candidates for use in pest management, as these volatiles are highly effective, inexpensive, and can be employed at relatively low concentrations compared with agrochemicals. however, such volatiles have some drawbacks, including the high evaporation rate of these compounds after application in the open ...	2013	23698768
occurrence and contribution of alkyl methoxypyrazines in wine tainted by harmonia axyridis and coccinella septempunctata.	ladybug taint (lbt) is a wine fault caused by the inadvertent incorporation of ladybeetles to the wine during the winemaking process. harmonia axyridis, also known as the multicolored asian lady-beetle (malb), was the only species considered responsible for causing the taint. a second species, coccinella septempunctata (7 spot), has recently also been implicated. the main objectives of this study were to identify and quantify the compounds associated with ladybug taint of white and red wine from ...	2013	23079938
is the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis, the most abundant natural enemy to aphids in agroecosystems?	the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis pallas (coleoptera: coccinellidae), was introduced into western europe in the late 1990s. since the late 2000s, this species has been commonly considered one of the most abundant aphid predators in most western european countries. in spite of the large amount of research on h. axyridis, information concerning its relative abundance in agroecosystems is lacking. this study aims to evaluate the abundance of h. axyridis within the aphidophage com ...	2013	24785375
seasonal dynamics of wheat aphid complex and predator coccinella septempunctata in relation to abiotic and biotic factors.	seasonal dynamics studies on wheat aphid complex, comprising of four major species and its predator coccinella septempunctata were conducted in context to abiotic and biotic factors. the alate form of aphids appeared on the crop during the 1st week of december. the colony build up of aphid complex started during the 2nd week of january and peak was observed after the 1st week of march. wheat aphid complex started declining in the last week of march and disappeared by mid april. the abiotic facto ...	2013	24640244
time-response relationships for the accumulation of cu, ni and zn by seven-spotted ladybirds (coccinella septempunctata l.) under conditions of single and combined metal exposure.	accumulation, and therefore toxicity, of trace metals in invertebrates may be affected by potential interactive effects that can occur amongst different metallic elements. however, there is little data on the nature and effects of such interactions in terrestrial systems. this work reports the interactions among cu, ni and zn during accumulation by the beetle coccinella septempunctata. test animals were treated with 500mgkg(-1) of each metal singularly and in combination for 15d. the effects of ...	2013	23810517
invasive harlequin ladybird carries biological weapons against native competitors.	invasive species that proliferate after colonizing new habitats have a negative environmental and economic impact. the reason why some species become successful invaders, whereas others, even closely related species, remain noninvasive is often unclear. the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis, introduced for biological pest control, has become an invader that is outcompeting indigenous ladybird species in many countries. here, we show that harmonia carries abundant spores of obligate parasitic ...	2013	23687046
virtual garden computer program for use in exploring the elements of biodiversity people want in cities.	urban ecology is emerging as an integrative science that explores the interactions of people and biodiversity in cities. interdisciplinary research requires the creation of new tools that allow the investigation of relations between people and biodiversity. it has been established that access to green spaces or nature benefits city dwellers, but the role of species diversity in providing psychological benefits remains poorly studied. we developed a user-friendly 3-dimensional computer program (v ...	2013	23646997
sexual activity diminishes male virility in two coccinella species: consequences for female fertility and progeny development.	male contributions, both chemical and behavioural, can influence female sperm usage and reproductive success. to determine whether such male factors are subject to depletion in coccinella septempunctata and coccinella transversalis, we tested the effects of male mating history on male virility, as estimated by measures of mating behaviour, female reproductive success and progeny fitness, with parental age held constant. overt measures of male mating effort (wriggling duration, number of shaking ...	2013	23590838