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stenotrophomonas, a new bacterial genus for xanthomonas maltophilia (hugh 1980) swings et al. 1983.in consideration of the criticisms of the transfer of pseudomonas maltophilia to the genus xanthomonas proposed by j. swings, p. de vos, m. van den mooter, and j. de ley (int. j. syst. bacteriol. 33:409-413, 1983), a new generic name is created for this taxon. the name stenotrophomonas is here proposed for the new genus, which includes a single species, stenotrophomonas maltophilia. this proposal restores the genus xanthomonas to its former definition (j. bradbury, p. 199-210, in n. r. krieg and ...19938347518
pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype.we describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia (xanthomonas maltophilia) strain in a patient with bronchiectasis. the patient was admitted because of mild hemoptysis and productive cough with infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field on chest x ray. the clinical symptoms were mild, and treatment with minocycline was effective.19947852587
coexistence among epiphytic bacterial populations mediated through nutritional resource partitioning.the levels of coexistence between pseudomonas syringae and various nonpathogenic epiphytic species in the phyllosphere of beans (phaseolus vulgaris) were assessed by using replacement series. the epiphytic species pseudomonas fluorescens, pantoea agglomerans, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and methylobacterium organophilum were all capable of exhibiting higher levels of coexistence with p. syringae than was observed with a near-isogenic p. syringae strain pair. the ecological similarity of the ep ...199416349462
a simple method for selective isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from environmental samples.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commonly found environmental bacterium that is associated with the plant rhizosphere. it shows increasing prevalence in immunocompromised patients. we report a simple method for selective isolation of s. maltophilia from soils which makes use of both its resistance to imipenem and its requirement for methionine.199516535007
the comparative in vitro activity of fk-037 (cefoselis), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was active against clinical isolates of both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. the activity of fk---037 was similar to that of cefpirome and cefepime and generally superior to that of ceftazidime. methicillin-resistant staphylococci were less susceptible than methicillin-sensitive isolates but most remained within the sensitive range. all streptococci and enterobacteriaceae were sensitive as were the majority of isolates of acinetobacter sp ...199511866715
comparative in vitro activity of apalcillin alone and combined with ro 48-1220, a novel penam beta-lactamase inhibitor.objective: the in vitro activity of apalcillin plus ro 48-1220, a novel penam sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with apalcillin alone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime and cefepime. methods: agar dilution and broth microdilution testing of 854 bacterial strains, subcultured from frozen stocks incubated for 24 h in 5% carbon dioxide, was carried out to determine the minimum bactericidal (mbc) and minimum inhibito ...199511866735
growth temperature-dependent variation of cell envelope lipids and antibiotic susceptibility in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia.clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia showed growth temperature-dependent variation in susceptibility (tdvs) to aminoglycoside antibiotics between 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c, but little or no tdvs effect for polymixin b, colistin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and piperacillin. when phenylethanol was added at sub-inhibitory concentrations, the tdvs effect was eliminated. gas liquid chromatography showed that 13-methyl tetradecanoate (i-15;0), was the predominant fatty ...19958522461
a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents.the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ...19958529440
comparison of susceptibility to extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin among gram-negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units.the in vitro activities of extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (including piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and meropenems) were assessed and compared with the activity of ciprofloxacin against 366 clinical gram-negative bacilli isolates from the intensive care units of taichung veterans general hospital. the most prevalent species isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. the activities of ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and m ...19958565418
stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients. 19958565998
analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism and ribotyping of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from persisting lung infection in a cystic fibrosis patient.a cystic fibrosis patient was infected by stenotrophomonas maltophilia over at least 15 months. the bacteria became increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. determination of restriction fragment length polymorphism and ribotyping showed that resistance was due to changes in that s. maltophilia rather than to infection by another strain.19958588142
purification and characterization of a newly screened microbial peptide amidase.a microbial peptide amidase was found in a limited screening and purified about 500-fold from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the native enzyme has a molecular mass of 38 kda (gel filtration). the sequence of the first 16 amino acids was determined by edman degradation. the isoelectric point was found to be around 5.8. the peptide amidase exhibited a ph optimum of 6.0 and a temperature optimum of about 39-45 degrees c. the enzyme is stable in 50 mm tris/hcl, ph 7.5, at 30 degrees c, and the residu ...19958597540
[frequency of clinical isolation of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods and their susceptibilities to antibacterial agents].a comparison was made for frequencies of isolation o glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr) from clinical specimens during a period from july, 1986 to june, 1987 (the first period) and that from january, 1994 to december, 1994 (the second period). also, minimum inhibitory concentrations of principal drugs were determined against these isolates. the obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. thirty four (34) species of (g)nf-gnr were found from 35,200 clinical specimens in th ...19957474336
structure of the o6 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia.a polysaccharide containing d-xylose, l-rhamnose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine was released on mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide extracted from defatted cell walls of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia strain 557, the reference strain for serotype o6. by means of nmr spectroscopy and chemical degradations, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched trisaccharide with the structure shown. [formula: see text]19957497479
structure of the o10 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia.a polysaccharide containing l-rhamnose and l-xylose was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia serogroup o10. by means of nmr studies and methylation analysis, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched tetrasaccharide of the structure shown. [formula: see text]19957535190
the in-vitro activity of cp 99,219, a new naphthyridone antimicrobial agent: a comparison with fluoroquinolone agents.the in-vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, cp 99,219 was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, du 6859, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin. cp 99,219 showed generally similar in-vitro activity to the other compounds tested against the enterobacteriaceae (mic90 of all agents < 0.5 mg/l except morganella morganii). it was found to be more active than ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin against the strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus tested (mic90 1 mg/l). cp 99,219 was found to be four- ...19957559198
molecular typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by dna macrorestriction analysis and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant, nosocomial pathogen for which optimal typing methods in epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial outbreaks have not been defined. we compared dna macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis by arbitrarily primed pcr for molecular typing of 109 multidrug-resistant strains of s. maltophilia from multiple outbreaks at our institution over a 10-month p ...19957559978
the emergence of epidemic, multiple-antibiotic-resistant stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia and burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised cancer patients and transplant recipients. s. maltophilia has been documented as a cause of bacteraemia, infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, meningitis, serious wound infections, mastoiditis, epididymitis, conjunctivitis and endocarditis. the reservoir of s. maltophilia and the mechanisms by which it is transmitted, remain largely unknown. risk analysis has shown ...19957560984
antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime tested against infrequently isolated pathogenic species (unusual pathogens).the cefotaxime sodium spectrum of activity is very broad and includes many common species and a variety of less frequently isolated pathogens. we have reviewed the clinical microbiology literature (44 references) and the data base of the university of iowa hospitals and clinics (iowa city, ia) to collect data on the activity of cefotaxime against the less common species. cefotaxime was consistently active against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga spp., eikenella corrodens, ery ...19957587049
genomic fingerprinting of epidemic and endemic strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (formerly xanthomonas maltophilia) by arbitrarily primed pcr.arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) was used to type 64 clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 60 patients and the hands of one nurse. forty-seven different patterns were observed, most patients having isolates with unique genomic fingerprints. a single pattern, however, was obtained from six of eight patients involved in an intensive care nursery outbreak, confirming the suspected nosocomial transmission of this microorganism. this strain was also found in four other patients hospit ...19957615743
comparison of e test and agar dilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia.currently recommended dilution test methods for the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia are labor-intensive and often impractical in many clinical laboratories. we compared the e test with the agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of 176 clinical isolates of s. maltophilia against 16 antimicrobial agents. the mics obtained by e test correlated well with those determined by the agar dilution method, with an overall agreement of 94% ...19957615774
[a report to 2 cases where stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype was isolated from the sputum].mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the sputum of 2 women. case 1 which we reported recently was primary pneumonia caused by s. maltophilia. however, in case 2, mucoid s. maltophilia represented part of the transient flora. interestingly, colonization of mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa on respiratory tract occurred in both cases after mucoid s. maltophilia was isolated from their sputum.19957745296
degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by stenotrophomonas maltophilia pb1.a mixed microbial culture capable of metabolizing the explosive rdx (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) was obtained from soil enrichments under aerobic and nitrogen-limiting conditions. a bacterium, stenotrophomonas maltophilia pb1, isolated from the culture used rdx as a sole source of nitrogen for growth. three moles of nitrogen was used per mole of rdx, yielding a metabolite identified by mass spectroscopy and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as methylene-n-(hydroxymethyl)-hydrox ...19957747953
diversity of nosocomial xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) as determined by ribotyping.seventy-seven clinical isolates of xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were consecutively collected from the rigshospitalet, copenhagen, ribotyped and compared with the ribotypes of 25 other clinical and reference strains of xanthomonas maltophilia. using restriction enzyme ecori, 20 different ribotypes were observed, with 78 isolates displaying the five most common types. using another enzyme, bamhi, these 78 isolates were further subdivided into 16 different ribotypes. three ...19957758481
the role of lipopolysaccharide anionic binding sites in aminoglycoside uptake in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia.aminoglycoside resistance was investigated in six clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by studying the uptake kinetics and by using a radiochemical method to detect aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. furthermore, the lipopolysaccharides (lps) were extracted and characterized by sds-page and chemical analysis. dansyl-polymyxin displacement experiments confirmed the availability of anionic binding sites. growing cells of the isolates bound dansyl-polymyxin but were not ly ...19957768765
epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia by pcr.we used two pcr methods for epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia with either arbitrary primers (random amplified polymorphic dna) or enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences as primers (eric-pcr). the analysis was performed with 38 isolates of s. maltophilia, comprising 9 nosocomial isolates from a burn unit, 20 other clinical isolates epidemiologically unrelated, and 9 isolates from one cystic fibrosis patient. both methods indicated that all of ...19957790459
isepamicin (sch 21420, 1-n-hapa gentamicin b): microbiological characteristics including antimicrobial potency of spectrum of activity.isepamicin (formerly sch 21420 or 1-n-hapa-gentamicin b) is a novel broad-spectrum aminoglycoside which possesses a high level of stability to aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes and low levels of toxicity to the kidney and inner ear. the only modifying enzymes capable of inactivating isepamicin are ant(4')-i (staphylococci), ant(4')-ii and aph(3')-vi, in addition to resistance mediated by permeability mutations. the spectrum of isepamicin is most similar to that of amikacin, another aminoglycos ...19958622113
stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an unusual cause of biliary sepsis.we report three cases of cholangitis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and review two other cases reported in the literature. all five episodes occurred in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy complicated by biliary tract obstruction. all five episodes occurred in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy complicated by biliary tract obstruction. all patients had undergone biliary tract instrumentation. before infection developed, four of the five patients had received therapy with antibioti ...19958645796
[utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria].detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ...19958850133
transfer of ceftazidime and aztreonam resistance from nosocomial strains of xanthomonas (stenotrophomonas) maltophilia to a recipient strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa ml-1008. 19958605913
in vitro activities of antimicrobial combinations against stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is inherently resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. in order to investigate the in vitro potential of combinations of antimicrobial agents, we obtained 230 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates from seven hospitals across canada and from northwestern memorial hospital in chicago. ticarcillin-clavulanate combined with ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were assayed for synergy against 31 ticarcillin-resistant strains of s. malto ...19958619571
antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone.the antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone drug, was tested against 761 clinical isolates. cs-940 activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was most similar to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with a large range of mics inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (mic90s) of 0.015 to 16 micrograms/ml (median mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml). cs-940 had greater activity than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin when they were tested against acinetobacter spp. (mic90s, 0.03 mic ...19958619590
in vitro susceptibility of 124 xanthomonas maltophilia (stenotrophomonas maltophilia) isolates: comparison of the agar dilution method with the e-test and two agar diffusion methods.the in vitro susceptibility of 124 xanthomonas maltophilia isolates was tested by four methods: agar dilution (reference method), e-test, a disk diffusion and a tablet diffusion method. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity against x. maltophilia, followed by a combination of aztreonam-clavulanic acid at different ratios, the ratio 1:1 being the most active with a susceptibility rate of 85% as compared to 2% for aztreonam alone. addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobacta ...19968619912
stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. a disease that is usually severe and complicated.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections. however, well-documented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported.19968607729
maltophilin: a new antifungal compound produced by stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089.strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia r3089, isolated from the rhizosphere of rape plants (brassica napus l.), produced a novel antifungal compound, named maltophilin, which inhibited the growth of various saprophytic, human-pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi but was inactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. maltophilin is a novel macrocyclic lactam antibiotic with a molecular mass of 510 mu. the compound was isolated from the culture filtrate by ethyl acetate extraction and ...19968982338
molecular epidemiology of burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a cystic fibrosis center.burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans have been isolated with increasing frequency from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis in a pediatric hospital. in 1994-95, 27 of 120 patients were persistently colonized, 17 with burkholderia cepacia, eight with alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and five with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. genotyping of 220 clinical isolates revealed that most of the burkholderia cepacia strains were clonally related, suggesting eith ...19968997562
activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus polymyxin b against multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia.the inhibitory activity of eight antibiotics and the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of combinations of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) plus three fixed concentrations of polymyxin b (0.01 microgram/ml, 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml) against 30 multi-resistant strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested. polymyxin b at 0.01 microgram/ml modified the inhibitory activity of tmp/smx against only 40% of strains. at 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml, polymyxin b enh ...19968997563
polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis.occurrence of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia and burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia in sputum of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients was demonstrated with a simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. the pcr was performed with a set of three primer pairs based on 16s rrna sequences after sputum preparation with dithiothreitol and naoh lysis. all three pathogens could be individually detected by the use of this technique. to prevent carry-over contam ...19969025076
[determination of serum aminoglycoside and vancomycin concentrations by the microbiological method in the presence of other antimicrobials].the determination of serum concentrations of antimicrobials with a narrow therapeutic range by microbiological method requires some modifications when the patient is under combined antimicrobial therapy. the methodological conditions for the appraisal of aminoglycosides and vancomycin in the presence of other drugs were evaluated by using strains with selective sensitivity to the antimicrobial to be tested or by the adding crude extracts of beta-lactamases for the inactivation of the beta-lactam ...19969026822
susceptibilities of non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem.agar dilution mics of 10 agents against 410 non-pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. mics at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; d-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 ...19968851609
bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes.we identified 91 cases of bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in a prospective, multicenter observational study. the patients were highly compromised; the majority had an underlying malignancy, had received immunosuppressive therapy, and had indwelling venous catheters. although 94% of patients received an antimicrobial agent to which the blood isolate was susceptible, the mortality among these patients 14 days after the onset of bacteremia was 21%. mortality was signifi ...19968852971
mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance.infectious complications are major contributing factors to morbidity and mortality in the icu setting. organisms frequently encountered in the icu include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae (particularly in trauma victims), enterococci, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., acinetobacter baumanii, escherichia coli, and stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. antibiotics have played a major role in the treatment of infections caused by such bacterial pat ...19968856749
clinical features of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.between january 1988 and december 1992, 68 patients admitted to our department of internal medicine with haematological malignancies or solid tumours showed colonization of the respiratory tract with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. to characterize the significance of respiratory tract colonization by s. maltophilia, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 68 patients colonized with this organism. twenty-nine of these 68 patients developed pneumonia, with s. maltophilia being implica ...19968857324
a new selective differential medium for isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.a new selective differential medium for the isolation of stenotrophomonas (formerly xanthomonas) maltophilia was developed. the medium, via agar, contained vancomycin, imipenem, and amphotericin b as selective agents and incorporated a mannitol/bromothymol blue indicator system. compared with xanthomonas maltophilia selective medium (xmsm), via agar was less inhibitory to stenotrophomonas maltophilia and was more selective than xmsm in preventing the growth of unwanted bacteria from contaminated ...19968874082
bacteremia due to glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in patients with hematological neoplasias and solid tumors.twenty-six patients with hematological or solid tumors who developed bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 10), pseudomonas putida (n = 6), sphingomonas paucimobilis complex (n = 4) or alcaligenes xylosoxidans (n = 6) in the period between 1993 and 1995 were studied. seventeen patients were neutropenic during the infection, and 13 were undergoing bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. twenty-three patients had catheter-related infections; only 3 of the 26 pat ...19968874083
stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia in cancer patients: report on 31 cases. 19968880554
use of sterile compared with tap water in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.because of the concern for infection risk, use of sterile water has been recommended in the water bottle for endoscopic equipment, although studies evaluating prevalence of contamination of the water bottle with clinical outcomes have not been performed.19968902118
use of random amplified polymorphic dna for epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.we used the technique of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) to type 130 isolates of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia, using four arbitrary short primers. of the 130 isolates, 51 were from the hospital environment, 48 from clinical specimens and 31 were geographically diverse environmental isolates. dna amplification with the four sets of primers generated 112 rapd patterns that differed by two or more bands in one of the four primers. sixteen pairs of isolates were of the s ...19968904371
home-use nebulizers: a potential primary source of burkholderia cepacia and other colistin-resistant, gram-negative bacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis.inhalation of aerosols contaminated with gram-negative bacteria generated from home-use nebulizers used by cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may be a primary route for bacterial colonization of the lung. burkholderia cepacia was isolated from 3 of [corrected] 35 home-use nebulizers, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from 4 of 35 home-use nebulizers. sputum cultures for two patients whose nebulizers were contaminated with b. cepacia did not yield the organism. however, dna macrorestrictio ...19968904419
inhibition of growth of fungi pathogenic to man by stenotrophomonas maltophilia.ten strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested by a cross-streaking method for in-vitro inhibition of 10 strains of fungi known to infect man; these were candida krusei, c. keyfr, c. guillermondii, c. tropicalis, c. lusitaniae, c. parapsilosis, c. pseudotropicalis, c. albicans, c. glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus. significant inhibition of fungal growth was observed with all 10 strains of s. maltophilia, but not with escherichia coli nctc 10418, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571 and hae ...19968918956
[simultaneous isolation of mrsa and pseudomonas aeruginosa using a novel selective and differential pmac agar].pmac agar, a novel, selective and differential medium has been developed and was subjected for evaluation of its selective and differential capability of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa from other bacteria such as bacillus, micrococcus, gram-negative bacteria and drug resistant ones. growth of mrsa and p. aeruginosa on pmac agar was facilitated and their colonies were easily differentiated. colonies of mrsa after 24 approximately 48 h incubation at 3 ...19968921677
investigation of a multiyear multiple critical care unit outbreak due to relatively drug-sensitive acinetobacter baumannii: risk factors and attributable mortality.from 1990 to 1993, an outbreak of respiratory acinetobacter baumannii infection occurred in five intensive care units (icus) of a tertiary care center. a. baumannii was subsequently isolated from disinfected temperature probes and ventilator circuits. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that a single strain accounted for 93% of patient isolates and 88% of environmental isolates. univariate risk factors for a. baumannii acquisition were tracheostomy (p < .01), ventilation >3 days (p < .01) ...19968940219
endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: case report and review.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia is a rare cause of endocarditis. the extensive resistance of this organism to several antibiotics leaves few options for antimicrobial therapy. in vitro synergism of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (tic/ca) has been demonstrated. to our knowledge, we report the first case of ventriculoatrial cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated endocarditis due to s. maltophilia. the patient was cured with combi ...19968953069
bacteremia and fungemia occurring during antimicrobial prophylaxis with ofloxacin in cancer patients: risk factors, etiology and outcome.the authors analyzed 27 breakthrough bacteremias occurring during ofloxacin prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenia over 7 years in 9989 admissions and 979 bacteremic and fungemic episodes in a national cancer center in bratislava, slovak republic. the most frequently isolated organisms in breakthrough bacteremias were gram-positive (71.3%), mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (41.3%), enterococci (9.2%) and corynebacteria (9.2%), followed by gram-negative rods-pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2%) and ...19968957720
structure of the o20 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia.the o-antigen polymer recovered from the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o20, by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, was found to contain d-rhamnose and d-mannose. by means of chemical degradations and nmr studies, the repeating-unit of the polymer was deduced to be a linear tetrasaccharide with the structure shown. -->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rh ap-(1-->2)-alpha-d- rhap-(1-->.19968962488
sensitivity of l-2 type beta-lactamases from stenotrophomonas maltophilia to serine active site beta-lactamase inhibitors. 19968707755
structure of the o3 antigen of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia.the o antigen isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a strain of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o3 was found to contain 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, d-fucose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. by means of chemical degradations and nmr spectroscopy the repeating unit of the o-specific polymer was determined to be a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown.19968721742
temperature-dependent aminoglycoside resistance in stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia; alterations in protein and lipopolysaccharide with growth temperature.clinical strains of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia often show large, growth temperature-dependent, variations in their susceptibility (tdvs) to aminoglycoside antibiotics. strains showing more than a fourfold increase in susceptibility between 30 degrees and 37 degrees c (tdvs+ strains; n = 23) were contrasted with those showing lesser variation (tdvs- strains; n = 15) in studies of growth temperature-dependent variation in protein and cell-wall lipopolysaccharide (lps) electrophores ...19968722532
in vitro activity of the tricyclic beta-lactam gv104326.gv104326 is a novel tricyclic beta-lactam (a trinem or, formerly, tribactam). the in vitro activity of gv104326 was compared with those of cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefpirome, and ciprofloxacin. gv104326 had in vitro activity generally similar to that of cefixime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [mic90], < or = 2 micrograms/ml), with cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being 8- to 32-fold ...19968723475
in vitro activities of quinolones, beta-lactams, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.from 1991 to 1995, 8,975 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli were isolated from patients at the ohio state university medical center: 71% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14% stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 7.6% acinetobacter baumannii, and < 2% each of 25 other species. the mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219), ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, imipenem, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) were ...19968726011
a reappraisal of the diversity and class distribution of aspartate transcarbamoylases in gram-negative bacteria.recently, the subunit composition of class a aspartate transcarbamoylases (atcases) in fluorescent pseudomonads has been clarified. we present evidence that distribution of this type of atcase may be more widespread than at first suspected. bacterial atcases exist in three forms: class a (molecular mass approximately 450-500 kda); class b, typified by escherichia coli atcase (approximately 300 kda); and class c, typified by bacillus subtilis atcase (approximately 100 kda). using gradient gel ele ...19968757751
evaluation of the dna fingerprinting method aflp as an new tool in bacterial taxonomy.we investigated the usefulness of a novel dna fingerprinting technique, aflp, which is based on the selective amplification of genomic restriction fragments by pcr, to differentiate bacterial strains at the subgeneric level. in totals, 147 bacterial strains were subjected to aflp fingerprinting: 36 xanthomonas strains, including 23 pathovars of xanthomonas axonopodis and six pathovars of xanthomonas vasicola, one strain of stenotrophomonas, 90 genotypically characterized strains comprising all 1 ...19968757752
[kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase].nosocomial infections encountered in intensive care units are frequently due to gram negative bacilli among which stenotrophomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter sp., and enterobacter sp. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the new broad spectrum cephalosporins cefepime (fep) and cefpirome (cpo) alone or in combination with amikacin (akn), gentamicin (gtn) or ciprofloxacin (cip) against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobac ...19968758478
[molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated in a department of hematology].stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen. the increased isolates of s. maltophilia among hematology unit patients led to an epidemiological survey. over 26 months, 24 strains isolated from 23 patients and an environmental isolate from blood pressure armband have been identified. the isolated were first analysed by the use of phenotypical markers: biotype, antibiotic susceptibility, but the minor differences observed justified a genotypic analysis. pulsed field gel electro ...19968758490
[antibacterial activity of sulopenem, a new parenteral penem antibiotic].sulopenem, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with other antibiotics with regard to in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activities, stabilization against beta-lactamases, and effect on the release of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. the results are summarized as follows. 1. sulopenem showed more potent activities than other antibiotics against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. sulopenem showed potent bactericidal activities (mic/ ...19968786625
role of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics in the emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients.a retrospective case-control study of 12 patients positive for stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 24 age-sex-matched controls revealed that in the year prior to initial isolation, colonised patients spent more days in hospital and received more days of oral ciprofloxacin, intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and nebulised aminoglycosides. they were also more likely to have grown pseudomonas aeruginosa at some time in the past, despite there being no difference in current chronic infection wit ...19968793400
adhesion of the positively charged bacterium stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia 70401 to glass and teflon.medical implants are often colonized by bacteria which may cause severe infections. the initial step in the colonization, the adhesion of bacteria to the artificial solid surface, is governed mainly by long-range van der waals and electrostatic interactions between the solid surface and the bacterial cell. while van der waals forces are generally attractive, the usually negative charge of bacteria and solid surfaces leads to electrostatic repulsion. we report here on the adhesion of a clinical i ...19968808938
survey of antimicrobial activity of four commonly used third generation cephalosporins tested against recent bacterial isolates from ten american medical centers, and assessment of disk diffusion test performance. ast surveillance group.over 2,000 clinical isolates from ten american medical centers were tested for susceptibility to cefotaxine, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and ceftazidime by both broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. typically resistant (e.g. enterococci) and highly susceptible (e.g. streptococci) isolates showed no change in susceptibility patterns compared to previous surveys. pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibited significant decreases in susceptibility to these cephalosporin ...19968831036
septic prepatellar bursitis caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia. 19968838214
stenotrophomonas maltophilia ocular infections.to determine if the number of ocular infections associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasing, to identify predisposing factors, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility.19968602781
etiology of bacteraemia in patients with various malignancies: is there association between certain antineoplastic drugs and microorganism?the authors studied a relationship between particular bacterial or fungal organisms isolated from blood cultures and type of malignancy and antineoplastic drugs in 237 cancer patients. sixty four had acute myelogenous leukemia (aml), 43 non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) and 140 solid tumors (st). all patients had at least one positive blood cultures for one or more microorganism drawn during 1-10 days after cytotoxic chemotherapy, viridans streptococcal bacteremia was more frequently observed in pati ...19969117432
stenotrophomonas maltophilia: emergence of multidrug-resistant strains during therapy and in an in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model.emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a nosocomial pathogen is becoming increasingly apparent. pleiotropic resistance characterizes s. maltophilia. furthermore, a slow growth rate and an increased mutation rate generate discordance between in vitro susceptibility testing and clinical outcome. despite original susceptibility, drug-resistant strains of s. maltophilia are often recovered from patients receiving beta-lactams, quinolones, or aminoglycosides. given the disparity among various i ...19969124855
different effects of zinc ions on in vitro susceptibilities of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to imipenem and meropenem. 19969124868
comparative in vitro activity of l-ofloxacin and fk037 to other agents against 10,040 fresh clinical isolates.fresh clinical isolates collected from november 1, 1992 through november 1, 1993, were tested by agar dilution against 26 different antimicrobial agents including fk037 and l-ofloxacin. among the 10 040 organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus (n = 1222), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 455), staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 533), staphylococcus hominis (n = 90), staphylococcus hemolyticus (n = 89), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 144), escherichia coli (n = 2326), klebsie ...199618611710
polymicrobial bacteremia in cancer patients: analysis of risk factors, etiology and outcome in 214 episodes.two hundred and fourteen episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia in 182 cancer patients in a period of 6 years in a 360-bed national cancer institute were analyzed for etiology, risk factors and outcome. variables were compared with 187 episodes of monomicrobial bacteremias in 147 cancer patients to find statistical significance among risk factors, etiology and outcome. urinary catheters and breakthrough bacteremia were the only risk factors associated with polymicrobial in comparison to monomicrob ...199618611744
the activity of the methylpiperazinyl fluoroquinolone cg 5501: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones.the in-vitro activity of cg 5501 against a wide range of recent clinical isolates was compared with that of three fluoroquinolones. cg 5501 inhibited 90% of the species of the family enterobacteriaceae at 0.5 mg/l or less, exceptions being enterobacter spp. (mic90 2 mg/l) and serratia spp. (mic90 4 mg/l). ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited by 16, 4 and 1 mg/l respectively. cg 5501 had high activity against gram-positive c ...19979145816
antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam.the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ...19979145861
multiple antibiotic resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia.a cryptic multidrug resistance (mdr) system in stenotrophomonas maltophilia, the expression of which is selectable by tetracycline, is described. tetracycline resistance was the consequence of active efflux of the antibiotic, and it was associated with resistance to quinolones and chloramphenicol, but not to aminoglycosides or beta-lactam antibiotics. mdr is linked to the expression of an outer membrane protein (omp54) both in a model system and in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates.19979145884
risk factors associated with isolation of stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in clinical specimens.to determine risk factors for patients whose cultures grew stenotrophomonas maltophilia.19979154473
comparison of axenic and monoxenic media for isolation of acanthamoeba.acanthamoeba is a genus of ubiquitous, free-living amebae that can be difficult to isolate by standard microbiologic techniques. we retrospectively reviewed the laboratory records of patients with ocular acanthamoebic infection for the period from january 1973 to june 1996 and found that acanthamoeba isolates were recovered from 73, 71, and 70% of clinical specimens inoculated onto buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (bcye), nonnutrient agar with live or dead escherichia coli, and tryptic soy a ...19979157153
fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with acute leukemia and fulminant pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia.pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare cause of death in patients with acute leukemia. within a 3-month period we observed three such cases, all of which were associated with the gram-negative opportunistic pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia. since fatal lung bleeding had previously not been observed in conjunction with this organism, we collected the data from all patients with documented s. maltophilia infections or colonizations of the past year and analyzed the risk factors for a lethal outcome. ...19979174542
in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700.the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ...19979184355
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia in a patient with acute renal failure.to report a case of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx)-induced hypoglycemia in a patient with acute renal failure.19979184713
comparison of treatment with imipenem vs. ceftazidime as a predisposing factor for nosocomial acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a historical cohort study.imipenem is considered to confer greater risk for the acquisition of stenotrophomonas maltophilia than are other beta-lactam antibiotics. we conducted a historical cohort study to directly compare the risks of s. maltophilia acquisition in patients treated with imipenem vs. ceftazidime during a 2-year period; 843 hospitalizations of 759 patients treated with ceftazidime (465 hospitalizations), imipenem (294), or both agents (84) were included. acquisition, as measured by clinical detection, occu ...19979195070
stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis. report of two cases and review of the literature.the authors report two cases of meningitis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cancer patients following placement of an ommaya reservoir for treatment of meningeal carcinomatosis. in addition, they review eight other cases of s. maltophilia that have been reported to date. stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis is often associated with neurosurgical procedures; however, spontaneous infection may also occur, mainly in neonates. the disease's clinical presentation is similar to that of oth ...19979202275
aztreonam/clavulanic acid in the treatment of serious infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in neutropenic patients: case reports.two seriously neutropenic patients (a 23-year-old man with a promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia [aml-m3] and a 77-year old male with an immature acute myeloid leukemia [aml-m1] diagnosis) with severe infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia were treated with aztreonam/clavulanic acid (2:1) combination. in the first patient the infection was caused by a multiresistant strain and in the second, by a strain with poor response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobial agent ...19979210009
sequence analysis and enzyme kinetics of the l2 serine beta-lactamase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia.the l2 serine active-site beta-lactamase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been classified as a clavulanic acid-sensitive cephalosporinase. the gene encoding this enzyme from s. maltophilia 1275 iid has been cloned on a 3.3-kb fragment into pk18 under the control of a ptac promoter to generate recombinant plasmid pub5840; when expressed in escherichia coli, this gene confers resistance to cephalosporins and penicillins. sequence analysis has revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 909 bp wit ...19979210666
comparative activity of trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with other agents, against gram-negative nonfermentative rods.in the first part of this study, agar dilution mics were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem against 458 gram-negative nonfermenters. the overall respective mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic50s) and mic90s were as follows: trovafloxacin, 1.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0 microg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 16.0 microg/ml; sparfl ...19979210669
subcutaneous lesions and bacteraemia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia in three leukaemic patients with neutropenia.subcutaneous lesions were seen in three of 13 neutropenia patients who had stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia bacteraemia. the characteristic clinical presentation resembled leukaemic infiltrates, and were different from deep ulcers or subcutaneous nodules caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. the three patients had acute leukaemia and were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy. all had previously been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and each patient recovered after proper ...19979217834
in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against clinical bacterial isolates from patients with cancer.the antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and norfloxacin against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer. in general, the activity of trovafloxacin was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin against most gram-negative isolates tested (minor differences in the activity of each agent against individual species were seen) and it was the most active agent tested against stenotrophomonas ...19979222065
antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin against nosocomial gram-positive and gram-negative isolates.a total of 1132 clinical isolates from 952 patients with nosocomial infections were tested against the fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin by the agar dilution method. they comprised 285 staphylococci, 111 streptococci, 94 enterococci and 470 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 92 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27 stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 28 haemophilus influenzae and 25 acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, beta-lactam and ...19979222067
in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest.a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ...19979222068
infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria.to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria.19979222227
16s rrna gene sequence analyses and inter- and intrageneric relationships of xanthomonas species and stenotrophomonas maltophilia.the nearly complete, pcr-amplified, 16s rrna gene sequences have been determined from the representative type strains of eight xanthomonad phena, including six validly described species of the genus xanthomonas and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the xanthomonads comprise a monophyletic lineage-within the gamma-subclass of the proteobacteria. although the genus xanthomonas was observed to comprise a cluster of very closely r ...19979228747
in vitro antimicrobial activity of ru-59863, a c-7 catechol substituted cephalosporin.the in vitro activity of ru-59863, a so-called "fifth generation" catechol cephalosporin, was evaluated against 606 bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome. ru-59863 demonstrated a broad spectrum of inhibition and superior overall activity than comparators when tested against enterobacteriaciae (mic90s, 0.015 to 2 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic90, 0.25 microgram/ml ...19979239501
temperature-dependent resistance to gentamicin in graft keratitis by stenotrophomonas (xanthamonas) maltophilia. 19979246293
susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to carbapenems.the susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem was investigated by various methods. s. maltophilia appeared sensitive to meropenem but resistant to imipenem by disc testing in iso-sensitest agar. agar dilution mics were performed using iso-sensitest agar and with incubation under three sets of atmospheric conditions. mics of meropenem were considerably lower than those of imipenem; this effect was maximal after incubation in 5 ...19979249199
analysis of 553 episodes of monomicrobial bacteraemia in cancer patients: any association between risk factors and outcome to particular pathogen?relationships between aetiology, various risk factors (such as neutropenia, catheter insertion, endoscopy, therapy with corticosteroids, therapeutic use of antimicrobials, antibiotic prophylaxis, source of infection), symptomatology and outcome were studied in 553 monomicrobial bacteraemic episodes in cancer patients observed within 7 years at the national cancer institute of the slovak republic. the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteraemia was 1:1 (43.5% vs 43.8%), and yeasts caused ...19979257432
epidemiological typing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as a cause of hospital-acquired infection and respiratory tract colonization in cystic fibrosis patients. a number of methods have been described for the typing of strains in epidemiological studies. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of total chromosomal dna cleaved by low-frequency restriction site endonucleases (xbai, spei) is highly discriminatory and defines populations at the strain level. other molecular methods such as ribotypi ...19979261755
cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases.cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ...19979311838
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