Publications

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[preliminary note on trypanosoma suis, developing in the salivary glands of glossina brevipalpis]. 195313139078
[experimental study of a strain considered as trypanosoma congolense, broden 1904, and transmitted by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218485
[experimental study of a strain called trypanosoma congolense var. urundiense transmitted by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218486
[experimental study of a strain called trypanosoma congolense var. berghei transmitted by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218487
[experimental study of a strain called trypanosoma congolense var. mossoense transmitted by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218488
[experimental study of strains of trypanosoma simiae, bruce 1912, transmitted by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218489
[multiple trypanosoma infections transmitted to mammals by glossina brevipalpis of mosso, urundi]. 195413218490
[trypanosoma suis, ochmann 1905, monomorphic trypanosome pathogenic to mammals, occurring in the salivary glands of glossina brevipalpis. newst., mosso, urundi]. 195413218484
[observations on glossina brevipalpis maintained in the laboratory]. 195413218483
[on trypanosome infections transmitted by glossina brevipalpis in the mosso-southern region (urundi)]. 195413218482
feeding and crop emptying in glossina brevipalpis newstead. 19704396362
mermithid parasite of glossina brevipalpis newstead. 19725021566
preliminary report on glossina fuscipes newst. glossina pallidipes aust. and glossina brevipalpis newst. breeding in semi-natural (outdoor cage) conditions at lugala, south busoga district, uganda. 19807389605
large-scale rearing of glossina brevipalpis in the laboratory. 19882980176
genetic variation in glossina brevipalpis, g.longipennis and g.pallidipes, and the phenetic relationships of glossina species.glossina brevipalpis newstead, g.longipennis corti, and g.pallidipes austen maintained at ilrad, nairobi, kenya, were examined for genetic variation of fourteen enzyme loci, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. g.brevipalpis had six polymorphic loci, an average of 1.46 effective alleles per locus and a mean heterozygosity per locus of 20.0 +/- 7.1%. the figures for the same parameters in g.longipennis were 3, 1.16 and 8.2 +/- 4.9%, and for g.pallidipes the figures were 7, 1.40 and 22.3 +/- ...19911768910
virulence of trypanosoma simiae in pigs infected by glossina brevipalpis, g. pallidipes or g. morsitans centralis. 19921304711
comparative study on the susceptibility of different laboratory strains of glossina species to trypanosoma simiae.teneral tsetse of four glossina species from laboratory-reared colonies were fed on four large white pigs infected with three different stocks of trypanosoma simiae isolated in coast province, kenya. thereafter the tsetse were maintained on goats and dissected on day 28 to determine the trypanosome infection rates. glossina brevipalpis was as susceptible as g.pallidipes whilst g.palpalis gambiensis was not susceptible to t.simiae cp 11 a stock causing acute infection, which was isolated from a w ...19947949313
isolation and characterization of hypervariable sequences from tsetse fly genome.a glossina brevipalpis newstead genomic library, constructed using a charomid 9-36 vector, was used to isolate putative clones that hybridize to polymorphic regions of the tsetse genome. five types of probes, that reveal individual dna polymorphic in humans and higher animal species, were used to screen 300 tsetse charomid clones; 15% of the clones hybridized with at least one probe. twenty four recombinants were further characterized by southern blotting hybridization using dna isolated from in ...19947951269
comparative gamma-radiation sensitivity of glossina tachinoides westv., glossina fuscipes fuscipes newst. and glossina brevipalpis newst. (diptera, glossinidae).the effect of gamma-radiation doses ranging between 10 and 180 gy on 4-6-day-old adult males of glossina tachinoides, glossina fuscipes fuscipes and glossina brevipalpis was studied. fecundity of their mates was reduced by 95% following exposure to 120, 80-100 and 50 gy of adult male g. tachinoides, g. f. fuscipes and g. brevipalpis respectively. insemination ability of the males and sperm motility were not adversely affected by the radiation treatment. the higher proportion of dominant lethals ...19968601757
evaluation of conventional odour attractants for glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa.the components of the synthetic ox-odour used in zimbabwe against glossina pallidipes and g. m. morsitans were evaluated for the attraction of g. brevipalpis and g. austeni in south africa. the zim babwe mixture (zim-mix), which consisted or acetone and a 1:4:8 mixture of 3-n-propyl phenol, 4-methyl phenol and 1-octen-3-ol, increased the catches of g. brevipalpis by c. 2.1-4.4 times compared to when no odours were used. one of the odour components, namely 3-n-propyl phenol, did not significantly ...199910689703
evaluation of a proposed odour-baited target to control the tsetse flies glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa.the most effective odour attractant for g. brevipalpis newstead, namely a combination of octenol released at c. 9.1 mg/h, 4-methyl phenol released at c. 15.5 mg/h and acetone released at c. 350 mg/h, when used together with the smallest recommended colour target (as determined in previous studies), namely a 1.75 m wide x 1 m high black/pthalogen-blue/black target, was evaluated for the control of g. brevipalpis and g. austeni newstead. this combination increased the catches of g. brevipalpis by ...199910689705
evaluation of coloured targets for the attraction of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa.studies on the attractiveness of various coloured targets for glossina brevipalpis and g. austeni in south africa showed black and pthalogen blue (p.blue) combinations to be the most effective for both species. a 2 m wide (all targets 1 m high) black/p.blue/black (colour ratio 1:2:1) conformation caught nearly three times more g. brevipalpis and nearly five times more g. austeni than a 1.5 m wide black standard control target. for g. brevipalpis the black/p.blue/black (1:2:1) target should be at ...199910689702
tissue distribution and prevalence of wolbachia infections in tsetse flies, glossina spp.tsetse flies glossina spp. (diptera: glossinidae) harbor three different symbiotic microorganisms, one being an intracellular rickettsia of the genus wolbachia. this bacterium infects a wide range of arthropods, where it causes a variety of reproductive abnormalities, one of which is termed cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) that, when expressed, results in embryonic death due to disruptions in fertilization events. we report here that in colonized flies, wolbachia infections can be detected in 10 ...200010759311
a newly developed odour-baited "h trap" for the live collection of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa.a new trap, named the "h trap", was developed at hellsgate tsetse research station in south africa for the simultaneous collection of live glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni newstead. its design followed an evaluation of the responses of the two species towards traps that are used elsewhere in africa for the collection of other tsetse fly species. these traps were found at hellsgate to be unsuitable for capturing both g. brevipalpis and g. austeni. some new trap designs and many ...200010843318
the distribution of tsetse (diptera: glossinidae) and bovine trypanosomosis in the matutuine district, maputo province, mozambique.a tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis survey was conducted during 1998 and 1999 in the matutuine district of maputo province (mozambique). a total of 59 glossina brevipalpis and 17 glossina austeni were captured throughout the district. survey results suggest that glossina brevipalpis is mainly concentrated in dense vegetation along the maputo river and in the wetlands east of the river. g. austeni, on the other hand, was captured mainly in dense thickets in drier areas. both tsetse species are sus ...200011131117
diurnal activity patterns of glossina brevipalpis and g austeni (diptera: glossinidae) in south africa, with reference to season and meteorological factors.studies on the diurnal and seasonal availability of glossina brevipalpis newstead and g. austeni newstead to stationary targets were conducted in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa. g. brevipalpis showed a bimodal, and occasionally trimodal, partly crepuscular cycle. periods of the availability of flies to stationary, odour-baited targets (here referred to as diurnal "activity" patterns) were mainly early in the morning and late afternoon until dark, especially at dawn and dusk. the main ...200011131119
1-octen-3-ol isolated from bont ticks attracts amblyomma variegatum.volatiles from various life-stages of the bont ticks amblyomma variegatum and a. hebraeum were collected by using solid-phase microfibers and charcoal traps. an octenol isomer was found to be a major constituent of most of the tick material sampled and was identified as 1-octen-3-ol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by using antenna of the tsetse fly glossina brevipalpis in gas chromatography-linked antennogram detection. release of this compound increased during molt to adulthood and ...200111441439
syntheses of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhentriacontane and 4,8,12,16-tetramethyldotriacontane, the cuticular tetramethylalkanes of the tsetse fly, glossina brevipalpis.cuticular hydrocarbons of the tsetse fly, glossina brevipalpis, contain 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhentriacontane and 4,8,12,16-tetramethyldotriacontane as possible candidates for its contact sex pheromone. these were synthesized as racemic and diastereomeric mixtures starting from racemic citronellol and employing phenyl-sulfone-mediated chain-elongation as the key reaction.200212005053
gene expression level influences amino acid usage, but not codon usage, in the tsetse fly endosymbiont wigglesworthia.wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis, the obligate bacterial endosymbiont of the tsetse fly glossina brevipalpis, is characterized by extreme genome reduction and at nucleotide composition bias. here, multivariate statistical analyses are used to test the hypothesis that mutational bias and genetic drift shape synonymous codon usage and amino acid usage of wigglesworthia. the results show that synonymous codon usage patterns vary little across the genome and do not distinguish genes of putativ ...200312949182
the use of specific and generic primers to identify trypanosome infections of wild tsetse flies in tanzania by pcr.the accurate identification of trypanosome species and subspecies remains a challenging task in the epidemiology of human and animal trypanosomiasis in tropical africa. currently, there are specific pcr tests to identify about 10 different species, subspecies or subgroups of african tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes. these pcr tests have been used here to identify trypanosomes in four species of tsetse (glossina brevipalpis, g. pallidipes, g. swynnertoni, g. morsitans morsitans) from two areas of ...200314636688
abundance and distribution of the tsetse flies, glossina austeni and g. brevipalpis, in different habitats in south africa.the distribution and abundance of glossina austeni newstead and glossina brevipalpis newstead (diptera: glossinidae) were studied in the three main vegetation types in zululand, kwazulu-natal, south africa. during a period of 12 months, a trap transect consisting of 38 h-traps traversing the three vegetation types was monitored. the index of apparent abundance (iaa) for g. brevipalpis was high in indigenous forest and open grassland but lower in exotic plantations. glossina austeni, on the other ...200516336301
trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle on mafia island (tanzania).during two consecutive surveys (february and august/sept 2002), a total of 970 cattle from the cattle population of mafia island (united republic of tanzania) were blood-sampled. all blood samples were microscopically screened for the presence of trypanosomes and a portion of these were checked for antibodies with an ab-elisa and for the presence of trypanosomal dna with pcr. microscopic evidence of trypanosomes of the congolense group (sub-genus nannomonas) was found in 0.8% of the animals (8/9 ...200616574325
protective netting, an additional method for the integrated control of livestock trypanosomosis in kwazulu-natal province, south africa.studies were conducted in kwazulu-natal, south africa, to evaluate the effectiveness of netting in preventing glossina austeni and glossina brevipalpis from entering h-traps. results indicated that a net of 1.5 m in height was effective in reducing catches of g. austeni by 59.6% and catches of g. brevipalpis by 80.9%. increasing the net height to 2.5 m, reduced catches by 96.6% and 100% for g. brevipalpis and g. austeni, respectively. nets of this height also reduced catches of horse flies by 55 ...200617283734
molecular characterization and localization of the obligate endosymbiotic bacterium in the birch catkin bug kleidocerys resedae (heteroptera: lygaeidae, ischnorhynchinae).in contrast to specific bacterial symbionts of many stinkbugs, which are harboured extracellularly in the lumina of midgut sacs or tubular outgrowths, the obligate endosymbiont of birch catkin bug kleidocerys resedae (heteroptera: lygaeidae) resides in a red-coloured, raspberry-shaped mycetome, localized abdominally, close to the midgut section. phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16s rrna gene and the groel (chaperonin) gene, showed that the bacteria belong to the gamma-subdivision of the prote ...201020500529
theoretical levels of control as a function of mean temperature and spray efficacy in the aerial spraying of tsetse fly.the hypothetical impact of aerial spraying on tsetse fly populations is investigated. spray cycles are scheduled at intervals two days short of the first interlarval period and halted once the last of the female flies that originated from pre-spray-deposited pupae have been sprayed twice. the effect of temperature on the aerial spraying of tsetse, through its reproductive cycle and general population dynamics, is of particular interest, given that cooler weather is preferred for the settling of ...201021087595
vector competence of glossina austeni and glossina brevipalpis for trypanosoma congolense in kwazulu-natal, south africa.tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis (nagana) has been the cause of stock losses in the recent past and still presents a major problem to livestock owners in certain areas of kwazulu- natal, south africa. over 10 000 cattle mortalities were reported in the 1990 nagana outbreak. although information on the distribution and abundance of the tsetse flies glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni in kwazulu-natal exists, data on their vector competence are lacking. this study aimed to determine the rat ...201223327306
insight into the transmission biology and species-specific functional capabilities of tsetse (diptera: glossinidae) obligate symbiont wigglesworthia.ancient endosymbionts have been associated with extreme genome structural stability with little differentiation in gene inventory between sister species. tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) harbor an obligate endosymbiont, wigglesworthia, which has coevolved with the glossina radiation. we report on the ~720-kb wigglesworthia genome and its associated plasmid from glossina morsitans morsitans and compare them to those of the symbiont from glossina brevipalpis. while there was overall high synten ...201222334516
global wolbachia prevalence, titer fluctuations and their potential of causing cytoplasmic incompatibilities in tsetse flies and hybrids of glossina morsitans subgroup species.we demonstrate the high applicability of a novel vntr-based (variable-number-tandem-repeat) molecular screening tool for fingerprinting wolbachia-infections in tsetse flies. the vntr-141 locus provides reliable and concise differentiation between wolbachia strains deriving from glossina morsitans morsitans, glossina morsitans centralis, and glossina brevipalpis. moreover, we show that certain wolbachia-infections in glossina spp. are capable of escaping standard pcr screening methods by 'hiding' ...201222516306
sodalis glossinidius prevalence and trypanosome presence in tsetse from luambe national park, zambia.tsetse flies are the biological vectors of african trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. the tsetse endosymbiont sodalis glossinidius has been suggested to play a role in tsetse susceptibility to infection. here we investigate the prevalence of african trypanosomes within tsetse from the luambe national park, zambia and if there is an association between s. glossinidius and presence of trypanosomes within the tsetse examined.201425138709
bovine trypanosomosis prevalence at the edge of hluhluwe-imfolozi park, kwazulu-natal, south africa.the northern kwazulu-natal (nkzn) region of south africa is the southern limit of the african tsetse belt. entomological information on glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni was generated following the outbreak of trypanosomosis in cattle in 1990. however, these data have not been supported by parallel studies on epidemiology of the disease and therefore there has been no control policy in place. this study presented the first intensive investigations to address the epidemiology of trypanoso ...201425686197
a model of teneral dehydration in glossina.the results of a long-established investigation into teneral transpiration are used as a rudimentary data set. these data are not complete in that all are at 25°c and the temperature-dependence cannot, therefore, be resolved. an allowance is, nonetheless, made for the outstanding temperature-dependent data. the data are generalised to all humidities, levels of activity and, in theory, temperatures, by invoking the property of multiplicative separability. in this way a formulation, which is a ver ...201424333159
determination of the optimal mating age of colonised glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni using walk-in field cages in south africa.for the control of glossina brevipalpis and glossina austeni that occur in south africa an area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) program with a sterile insect technique (sit) component has been proposed. the quality of the released sterile male tsetse flies will greatly determine the success of the sit component of the programme. sterile males need to be able to compete with wild males immediately after their release in the affected area. the mating competitiveness can be affected by man ...201526380975
"wigglesworthia morsitans" folate (vitamin b9) biosynthesis contributes to tsetse host fitness.closely related ancient endosymbionts may retain minor genomic distinctions through evolutionary time, yet the biological relevance of these small pockets of unique loci remains unknown. the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae), the sole vector of lethal african trypanosomes (trypanosoma spp.), maintains an ancient and obligate mutualism with species belonging to the gammaproteobacterium wigglesworthia. extensive concordant evolution with associated wigglesworthia species has occurred through tsets ...201526025907
improving the diet for the rearing of glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni newstead: blood source and collection - processing - feeding procedures.one of the challenges to maintain tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae) colonies is the sustainable supply of high quality blood meals. the effect of using anticoagulants during collection of the blood, the addition of phagostimulants to the blood meals as well as using mixtures of bovine and porcine blood in different proportions for feeding on colony productivity was assessed. defibrinated bovine blood was found to be suitable to maintain both the glossina brevipalpis newstead and glossina austeni ...201628006007
an update of the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae) distribution and african animal trypanosomosis prevalence in north-eastern kwazulu-natal, south africa.an unpredicted outbreak of african animal trypanosomosis or nagana in 1990 in north-eastern kwazulu-natal necessitated an emergency control programme, utilising the extensive cattledipping system in the area, as well as a reassessment of the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem in the province. since 1990, sporadic blood sampling of cattle at the dip tanks in the naganainfested areas were undertaken to identify trypanosome species involved and to determine the infection prevalence in cattle. the di ...201627380653
evaluation of larviposition site selection of glossina brevipalpis.tsetse species (diptera: glossinidae) are vectors of trypanosome parasites which cause disease in both humans and livestock. in south africa glossina austeni newstead, 1912 and g. brevipalpis newstead, 1911 are responsible for the cyclical transmission of animal trypanosomes causing african animal trypanosomiasis also referred to as nagana. gravid tsetse females deposit a single larva in specific sites but little information is available on biotic and abiotic factors that govern site selection. ...201626790743
comparative performance of traps in catching tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) in tanzania.this study was conducted to determine the efficiency of different tsetse traps in 28 sites across tanzania. the traps used were biconical, h, ngu, nzi, pyramidal, s3, mobile, and sticky panels. stationary traps were deployed at a distance of 200 m apart and examined 72 h after deployment. the results showed that 117 (52.2%) out of the 224 traps deployed captured at least one glossina species. a total of five glossina species were captured, namely glossina brevipalpis, glossina pallidipes, glossi ...201627380654
the speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector.the energetics of processing a meal is crucial for understanding energy budgets of animals in the wild. given that digestion and its associated costs may be dependent on environmental conditions, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of these costs under diverse conditions and identify resulting behavioural or physiological trade-offs. this study examines the speed and metabolic costs - in cumulative, absolute and relative energetic terms - of processing a bloodmeal for a major zoonot ...201627059066
evaluation of radiation sensitivity and mating performance of glossina brevipalpis males.area-wide integrated pest management strategies that include a sterile insect technique component have been successfully used to eradicate tsetse fly populations in the past. to ensure the success of the sterile insect technique, the released males must be adequately sterile and be able to compete with their native counterparts in the wild.201728306730
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