Publications

a complete genomic dna sequence of marek's disease virus type 2, strain hprs24.		2001	11217423
resistance to marek's disease virus in white leghorn chickens: effects of avian leukosis virus infection genotype, reciprocal mating, and major histocompatibility complex.	genetic improvement for resistance to marek's disease (md) in chickens continues to be of interest to the poultry industry. the aims of this study were to identify effects of the mhc on the molecular level and of avian leukosis virus (alv) resistance status on md mortality in two noninbred white leghorn chicken lines that differ in b blood group type. previously, within each of the chicken lines, sublines had been selected for resistance or susceptibility to alv infection with subgroups a and b. ...	2001	11495456
the efficacy of recombinant fowlpox vaccine protection against marek's disease: its dependence on chicken line and b haplotype.	earlier studies have shown that the b haplotype has a significant influence on the protective efficacy of vaccines against marek's disease (md) and that the level of protection varies dependent on the serotype of md virus (mdv) used in the vaccine. to determine if the protective glycoprotein gene gb is a basis for this association, we compared recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) containing a single gb gene from three serotypes of mdv. the rfpv were used to vaccinate 15.b congenic lines. nonvaccinat ...	2004	15077806
characterization and localization of the unique marek's disease virus type 2 orf873 gene product.	studies on marek's disease virus (mdv)-unique genes are important for understanding the biological nature of the virus. based on complete dna sequence analyses of the mdv genomes, the mdv genomes contain presumably at least five mdv-unique genes, which are commonly conserved among the three mdv serotypes. a recombinant baculovirus that contains the mdv serotype 2 (mdv2)-unique gene, orf873, under the polyhedrin promoter was constructed and designated racorf873. polyclonal and monoclonal antibodi ...	2004	15365234
absolute quantification using real-time polymerase chain reaction of marek's disease virus serotype 2 in field dust samples, feather tips and spleens.	methods for taqman quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assays to detect the three serotypes of marek's disease virus (mdv) are available, and absolute quantification has been developed for mdv serotype 1 and serotype 3. the development of a method for absolute quantification of marek's disease virus serotype 2 (mdv2) is described in this paper. using plasmid dna, the lower detection limit of the mdv2 assay was determined to be 10 copies. three independent assay runs showed highly reproducible ct v ...	2006	16678918
oncogenic marek's disease viruses lacking the 132 base pair repeats can still be attenuated by serial in vitro cell culture passages.	marek's disease virus (mdv) can be attenuated by serially passing the virus in cell culture. during cell culture passage, two copies of a 132 bp repeat are expanded to over 30 copies. we deleted the two copies of the 132 bp repeat region in a pathogenic mdv and demonstrated that the virus was still pathogenic. the pattern and frequency of tumors in the parental and mutant virus were the same. early virus replication, and the appearance of persistent neurological disease were also similar between ...	2007	16927124
marek's disease virus type 2 (mdv-2)-encoded micrornas show no sequence conservation with those encoded by mdv-1.	micrornas (mirnas) are increasingly being recognized as major regulators of gene expression in many organisms, including viruses. among viruses, members of the family herpesviridae account for the majority of the currently known virus-encoded mirnas. the highly oncogenic marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv-1), an avian herpesvirus, has recently been shown to encode eight mirnas clustered in the meq and lat regions of the viral genome. the genus mardivirus, to which mdv-1 belongs, also includes the ...	2007	17459919
phylogeny and recombination history of gallid herpesvirus 2 (marek's disease virus) genomes.	phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences from orthologous loci from eight genomes of alpha herpesviruses infecting birds provided strong support for the following hypotheses: (1) gallid hv3 is a sister taxon to gallid hv2 but gallid hv1 is not closely related to the other two chicken herpesviruses; (2) meleagrid hv1 is closer to both gallid hv2 and gallid hv3 than is gallid hv1; (3) within gallid hv2, the virulent ga genome forms an outgroup to both the avirulent cvi988 g ...	2007	17566585
characterization of lorf11, a unique gene common to the three marek's disease virus serotypes.	the unique open reading frame 11 (lorf11) of marek's disease virus (mdv) is present in all three serotypes of mdv and is located in the unique long region of the mdv genome. in the serotype 1 md5 genome, lorf11 comprises 2711 nucleotides and encodes a predicted protein of 903 amino acids. in order to study the biological function of lorf11 we deleted it from the mdv cosmid a6 by using the reca-assisted restriction endonuclease cleavage method. the recombinant cosmid, a6deltalorf11, was transfect ...	2007	18251393
antibody response of chickens to serotype 1, 2, or 3 marek's disease vaccines based on elisa with infected cells as antigen.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was applied to evaluate the antibody response of commercial white leghorn chickens to vaccination against marek's disease (md) at hatch (day 0) with serotype-1 (rispens), -2 (sb-1), or -3 (turkey herpesvirus, hvt) vaccine virus and to challenge on day 21 with md virus. antigens for the test were whole chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with rispens, sb-1, or hvt. the chickens were progeny of stock that had been vaccinated with hvt, and on day 21 ...	2007	18251413
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the duck enteritis virus ul5 gene.	duck enteritis virus (dev) is a herpesvirus that causes an acute, contagious, and fatal disease. in the present article, the dev ul5 gene was cloned and sequenced from a vaccine virus. according to the consensus sequence of herpesvirus ul5 and ul3 gene degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed and were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify dna products with 4577 bp in size. dna sequence analysis revealed a 2568 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 855 amino acid polypep ...	2008	18582977
functional homologies between avian and human alphaherpesvirus vp22 proteins in cell-to-cell spreading as revealed by a new cis-complementation assay.	vp22, encoded by the ul49 gene of marek's disease virus (mdv), is indispensable for virus cell-to-cell spreading. we show herein that mdv ul49 can be functionally replaced with avian and human viral orthologs. replacement of mdv vp22 with that of avian gallid herpesvirus 3 or herpesvirus of turkey, whose residue identity with mdv is close to 60%, resulted in 73 and 131% changes in viral spreading, respectively. in contrast, vp22 replacement with human herpes simplex virus type 1 resulted in 14% ...	2008	18632866
cloning of gallid herpesvirus 3 (marek's disease virus serotype-2) genome as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes for analysis of viral gene functions.	marek's disease virus serotype 2 (gallid herpesvirus 3) is a non-pathogenic alphaherpesvirus belonging to the mardivirus genus, used widely in live vaccines against marek's disease. although the complete genome sequence of the mdv-2 strain hprs-24 has been published, very little is known about the gene functions. as a first step for carrying out functional genomic analysis of mdv-2, the full-length genome of the mdv-2 vaccine strain sb-1 was cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosom ...	2009	19187788
comparative genomic sequence analysis of the marek's disease vaccine strain sb-1.	marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, induces a rapid onset t-cell lymphoma and demyelinating disease in chickens. since the 1970s the disease has been controlled through mass vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys [meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 (mehv-1)]. over time this vaccine's efficacy decreased, and in the 1980s a bivalent vaccine consisting of mehv-1 and a non-oncogenic gallid herpesvirus type 3 (gahv-3) strain known as sb-1 was introduced. the complete dna sequence ( ...	2011	21336949
A Novel Herpesvirus in 3 Species of Pheasants: Mountain Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron inopinatum), Malayan Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron malacense), and Congo Peafowl (Afropavo congensis).	The mountain peacock pheasant (Polyplectron inopinatum), the Malayan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron malacense), and the Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis) are all listed as vulnerable to extinction under the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Here the authors report fatal infection with a novel herpesvirus in all 3 species of birds. DNA was extracted from the livers of birds with hepatocellular necrosis and intranuclear eosinophilic incl ...	2011	22075776
dual infection and superinfection inhibition of epithelial skin cells by two alphaherpesviruses co-occur in the natural host.	hosts can be infected with multiple herpesviruses, known as superinfection; however, superinfection of cells is rare due to the phenomenon known as superinfection inhibition. it is believed that dual infection of cells occurs in nature, based on studies examining genetic exchange between homologous alphaherpesviruses in the host, but to date, this has not been directly shown in a natural model. in this report, gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), better known as marek's disease virus (mdv), was used i ...	2012	22629393
proteomics applied to avian herpesviruses.	proteomics is the application of rapidly evolving high-throughput technologies that enable analysis of proteins on a large scale. recent advances in instrumentation have allowed detection, identification, and quantification of proteins with unparalleled precision and reproducibility, and this, in combination with novel bioinformatics tools, has helped to move proteomics from the simple cataloging of expressed proteins toward discovery of operating mechanisms in the biological systems. proteomics ...	2013	23901746
molecular characterization of marek's disease virus in a poultry layer farm from colombia.	marek's disease ( ) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by an alphaherpesvirus, genus mardivirus , serotype 1 ( gallid herpesvirus 2 , gahv-2) that includes all known pathogenic strains. in addition to marek's disease virus ( ) serotype 1, the genus includes 2 distinct nonpathogenic serotypes: serotype 2 (gahv-3) and serotype 3 ( meleagridis herpesvirus 1 , mehv-1) which are used in commercially available vaccines against md. as a result of vaccination, clinical signs are not commonly observ ...	2017	28339787
comparative molecular characterization of three gallid alphaherpesvirus type 3 strains 301b/1, hprs24, and sb-1.	marek's disease (md) is a highly contagious lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by gallid alphaherpesvirus type 2. gallid alphaherpesvirus type 3 (gahv-3) strain 301b/1 was previously shown to be an effective md vaccine with synergistic efficacy when used as a bivalent vaccine with turkey herpesvirus. since the nucleotide sequences of only two gahv-3 strains have been determined, we sought to sequence the 301b/1 genome using illumina miseq technology. phylogenomic analysis indicated t ...	2020	32550618
vaccinal efficacy of molecularly cloned gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301b/1 against very virulent marek's disease virus challenge.	marek's disease virus (mdv), a causative agent of marek's disease, has evolved its virulence partly because the current control strategies fail to provide sterilizing immunity. gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (gahv-3) and turkey herpesvirus have been developed as bivalent vaccines to improve upon the level of protection elicited by single formulations. since the in vitro passage of vaccines can result in attenuation, a gahv-3 strain 301b/1 was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by inser ...	2020	32134378
the requirement of glycoprotein c (gc) for interindividual spread is a conserved function of gc for avian herpesviruses.	we have formerly shown that glycoprotein c (gc) of gallid alphaherpesvirus 2, better known as marek's disease (md) alphaherpesvirus (mdv), is required for interindividual spread in chickens. since gc is conserved within the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, we hypothesized gc was important for interindividual spread of other alphaherpesviruses. to test this hypothesis, we first generated a fluorescent protein tagged clone of gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 md vaccine strain 301b/1 to track virus replicati ...	2021	33833367