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lactobacillus kefir sp.nov., a component of the microflora of kefir.about 100 strains of heterofermentative rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from kefir grains and drink kefir, respectively. these isolates differ from lactobacillus brevis and the other species of heterofermentative lactobacilli so far validly published with respect to biochemical characteristics and dna/dna homology. they are thus considered as representatives of the new species lactobacillus kefir sp. nov., with strain dsm 20587 (= a/k) being the type strain.198323194600
immunofluorescence microscopic studies on distribution of lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and lactobacillus kefir in kefir grains.immunofluorescence staining was applied to observe distribution of two lactobacillus species in kefir grains with cauliflower floret forms. kefiran-producing, encapsulated lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was located all over the grain and increased toward the center, while lactobacillus kefir populated only a small region at the surface layers.19902261314
microbial reduction of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1- piperazinyl]butan-1-one.among various micro-organisms screened for the stereoselective reduction of 4-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (1), hansenula polymorpha [american type culture collection (a.t.c.c.) 26012 and 86014], nocardia salmonicolor [squibb culture (s.c.) 6370], arthobacter simplex (a.t.c.c. 6949), mycobacterium vaccae (a.t.c.c. 29678), candida boidinii (a.t.c.c. 13821) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (a.t.c.c. 13792) reduced compound 1 to the corresponding (r)-(+)-alcohol (2). in contrast, lactobacillus ...19938166884
chemical and microbiological characterisation of kefir grains.chemical and microbiological composition of four argentinean kefir grains from different sources as well as characteristics of the corresponding fermented milk were studied. kefir grains cidca agk1, agk2 and agk4 did not show significant differences in their chemical and microbiological composition. in contrast, protein and yeast content of agk3 was higher than in the other grains. although grain microflora comprised lactobacilli, lactococcus, acetic acid bacteria and yeast, we found an importan ...200111928960
anaerobic conversion of lactic acid to acetic acid and 1, 2-propanediol by lactobacillus buchneri.the degradation of lactic acid under anoxic conditions was studied in several strains of lactobacillus buchneri and in close relatives such as lactobacillus parabuchneri, lactobacillus kefir, and lactobacillus hilgardii. of these lactobacilli, l. buchneri and l. parabuchneri were able to degrade lactic acid under anoxic conditions, without requiring an external electron acceptor. each mole of lactic acid was converted into approximately 0.5 mol of acetic acid, 0.5 mol of 1,2-propanediol, and tra ...200111133436
diastereoselective synthesis of optically active (2 r,5 r)-hexanediol.diastereoselective reduction of diketones with lactobacillus kefir dsm 20587 was examined. the reduction of both oxo-functions proceeded highly diastereoselectively. (2 r,5 r)-hexanediol 3 was produced starting from (2,5)-hexanedione 1 in quantitative yields with enantiomeric excess >99% and diastereomeric excess >99%. the reaction conditions were optimized: maximum yield of (2 r,5 r)-hexanediol was reached at ph 6, 30 degrees c and with equal amounts of substrate and cosubstrate. the applicabil ...200211956740
a novel convenient procedure for extractive work-up of whole-cell biotransformations using de-emulsifying hydrolases.extractive work-up of whole-cell biotransformations generally suffers from the formation of stable gels and slimes upon addition of the organic solvent to the cell suspension and the cell-free solution, respectively. this problem has been overcome by enzymatic lysis of emulsifying agents present in the medium through addition of hydrolases. of these agents, proteases have exhibited the most powerful de-emulsifying activity. enzyme treatment of cell-free culture media of saccharomyces cerevisiae ...200415286990
lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains: evidence of the presence of s-layer proteins.in the present study we report for the first time the presence of s-layer proteins in lactobacillus kefir and lactobacillus parakefir isolated from kefir grains. soluble whole-cell protein profile obtained either by mechanical disruption (x-press) or by a combined treatment with lysozyme and sds on whole cells, showed a significant band of apparent molecular mass of 66-71 kda as measured by sds-page. the intensity of this band was considerably reduced when cells were treated with 5 m-licl. the a ...200415190952
improved synthesis of chiral alcohols with escherichia coli cells co-expressing pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, nadp+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and nad+-dependent formate dehydrogenase.recombinant pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (pnt) from escherichia coli has been used to regenerate nad+ and nadph. the pnta and pntb genes encoding for the alpha- and beta-subunits were cloned and co-expressed with nadp+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from lactobacillus kefir and nad+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (fdh) from candida boidinii. using this whole-cell biocatalyst, efficient conversion of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols was achieved: 66% acetophenone was reduced t ...200415604828
production of lactobacillus kefir cells for asymmetric synthesis of a 3,5-dihydroxycarboxylate.an efficient fedbatch process for the production of lactobacillus kefir dsm 20587 cells was developed. an improvement in space time yield of 270% (3.7 g(dcw) l(-1)-day(-1)) and in final enzyme activity of 440% (9.1 u/ml) was achieved on a 150 l scale by controlling the oxygen transfer rate to 7--9 mmol l(-1) h(-1). the cells exhibited good and highly stereoselective reducing activities against tert-butyl 6-chloro-3,5-dioxohexanoate. tert-butyl (3r,5s)-6-chloro-dihydroxyhexanoate, a chiral buildi ...200415614560
reclassification of lactobacillus ferintoshensis as a later heterotypic synonym of lactobacillus parabuchneri.lactobacillus ferintoshensis has recently been described as a novel species, distinct from its close phylogenetic neighbours lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus kefiri and lactobacillus hilgardii. two highly related species with validly published names, lactobacillus parakefiri and lactobacillus parabuchneri, were not considered in the study due to the lack of 16s rrna gene sequence data at that time. since the publication of the study, the sequences have become available and have revealed tha ...200516166731
a dynamic model that simulates the human upper gastrointestinal tract for the study of probiotics.a dynamic model of the human upper gastrointestinal (gi) tract was designed to better simulate conditions of ingestion and digestion, by including a food matrix as part of the model design. the dynamic model consisted of two reactors maintained at 37 degrees c, one simulating stomach conditions and the other simulating duodenum conditions. the model was tested by comparing survival of bacteria isolated from humans (bifidobacterium infantis, lactobacillus johnsonii, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and l ...200515808363
asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl (3r, 5s) 6-chloro-dihydroxyhexanoate with lactobacillus kefir.an efficient whole cell biotransformation process using lactobacillus kefir was developed for the asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl (3r, 5s) 6-chloro-dihydroxyhexanoate, a chiral building block for the hmg-coa reductase inhibitor. the effects of buffer concentration, temperature, ph and oxygen on the asymmetric reduction were investigated in batch reactions. improvements in final product concentration and yields of 153% (120 mm) and 79% (0.85 mol/mol) with respect to the batch-process were achi ...200515723213
molecular identification and typing of lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains.seventeen heterofermentative lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains were characterized by molecular methods. bacterial isolates were identified by amplification of 16s rrna gene and analysis by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), using the restriction enzymes hae iii, dde i, and hinf i. ardra analysis of lactobacilli isolates showed, for each enzyme used, a same banding pattern between the heterofermentative lactobacilli and the reference strains lactobacillus kefir jcm 5818 a ...200616433957
synthesis of enantiopure (5r)-hydroxyhexane-2-one with immobilised whole cells of lactobacillus kefiri.whole-cell reduction of (2,5)-hexanedione to yield highly enantiopure (5r)-hydroxyhexane-2-one (enantiomeric excess >99%) with lactobacillus kefiri dsm 20587 was investigated. cell immobilisation with sodium cellulose sulphate was chosen as the most suitable encapsulation matrix, giving an immobilisation yield of 40%. despite the lowered biocatalytic activity from cell immobilisation, the bioreduction process was vastly improved with the help of reaction engineering techniques (batch to a plug f ...200616292648
protective action of lactobacillus kefir carrying s-layer protein against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.eight lactobacillus kefir strains isolated from different kefir grains were tested for their ability to antagonize salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) interaction with epithelial cells. l. kefir surface properties such as autoaggregation and coaggregation with salmonella and adhesion to caco-2/tc-7 cells were evaluated. l. kefir strains showed significantly different adhesion capacities, six strains were able to autoaggregate and four strains coaggregated with salmon ...200717719671
dominant lactic acid bacteria and their technological properties isolated from the himalayan ethnic fermented milk products.ethnic people of the himalayan regions of india, nepal, bhutan and china consume a variety of indigenous fermented milk products made from cows milk as well as yaks milk. these lesser-known ethnic fermented foods are dahi, mohi, chhurpi, somar, philu and shyow. the population of lactic acid bacteria (lab) ranged from 10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g in these himalayan milk products. a total of 128 isolates of lab were isolated from 58 samples of ethnic fermented milk products collected from different places ...200717562218
characterization of liposomes coated with s-layer proteins from lactobacilli.the stability of liposomes coated with s-layer proteins from lactobacillus brevis and lactobacillus kefir was analyzed as a previous stage to the development of a vaccine vehicle for oral administration. the interactions of the different s-layer proteins with positively charged liposomes prepared with soybean lecithin or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were studied by means of the variation of the z potential at different protein-lipid ratios, showing that both proteins were able to attach in a g ...200717276386
enantioselective reduction of pentoxifylline to lisofylline using whole-cell lactobacillus kefiri biotransformation.lisofylline (lsf) is a drug candidate that has been under investigation for acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, septic shock and mucositis. as lsf is not commercially available in our country, we produced it for pharmacokinetic studies. in the present work whole-cell reduction of pentoxifylline [1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,5-dimethylxanthine] to lsf [1-(5r-hydroxyhexyl)-3,5-dimethylxanthine] using lactobacillus kefiri dsm 20587 was investigated. glucose or 2-propanol was used as a co-su ...200717285680
identification of yeast and bacteria involved in the mezcal fermentation of agave salmiana.aims: to identify the yeast and bacteria present in the mezcal fermentation from agave salmiana. methods and results: the restriction and sequence analysis of the amplified region, between 18s and 28s rdna and 16s rdna genes, were used for the identification of yeast and bacteria, respectively. eleven different micro-organisms were identified in the mezcal fermentation. three of them were the following yeast: clavispora lusitaniae, pichia fermentans and kluyveromyces marxianus. the bacteria foun ...200818489025
diversity and dynamics of lactobacilli populations during ripening of rdo camembert cheese.the diversity and dynamics of lactobacillus populations in traditional raw milk camembert cheese were monitored throughout the manufacturing process in 3 dairies. culture-dependent analysis was carried out on isolates grown on acidified de man - rogosa - sharpe agar and lactobacillus anaerobic de man rogosa sharpe agar supplemented with vancomycin and bromocresol green media. the isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction - temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-tgge) and (or) ...200818388993
microbiological study of lactic acid bacteria in kefir grains by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.lactic acid bacteria (lab) in different original kefir grains were first assessed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) by a culture-dependent way, and were further confirmed by dna sequencing techniques. results indicated that a combined method of cultivation with pcr-dgge and subsequent dna sequencing could successfully identify four lab strains from three kefir grains from taiwan (named hsinchu, mongolia and ilan). lactobacillus kefiri accounted, i ...200818355674
microbiological and chemical properties of kefir manufactured by entrapped microorganisms isolated from kefir grains.in this study, various yeasts (kluyveromyces marxianus, saccharomyces turicensis, pichia fermentans) and lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, lactobacillus kefiri, leuconostoc mesenteroides) were entrapped in 2 different microspheres using an entrapment ratio for the strains that was based on the distribution ratio of these organisms in kefir grains. the purpose of this study was to develop a new technique to produce kefir using immobilized starter cultures isolated from kefir gr ...200919528577
heterogeneity of s-layer proteins from aggregating and non-aggregating lactobacillus kefir strains.since the presence of s-layer protein conditioned the autoaggregation capacity of some strains of lactobacillus kefir, s-layer proteins from aggregating and non-aggregating l. kefir strains were characterized by immunochemical reactivity, maldi-tof spectrometry and glycosylation analysis. two anti-s-layer monoclonal antibodies (mab5f8 and mab1f8) were produced; in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay mab1f8 recognized s-layer proteins from all l. kefir tested while mab5f8 recognized onl ...200919306111
lactobacillus kisonensis sp. nov., lactobacillus otakiensis sp. nov., lactobacillus rapi sp. nov. and lactobacillus sunkii sp. nov., heterofermentative species isolated from sunki, a traditional japanese pickle.thirty six gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strains were isolated from the non-salted pickle solution used in producing sunki products, a traditional japanese pickle. the novel strains were discriminated and separated into four groups by amplified fragment length polymorphism profiling, and by analysis based on reca gene sequences. the strains were classified into four species groups belonging to the lactobacillus buchneri species group, which consists of l. buc ...200919329601
analysis of the microflora in tibetan kefir grains using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.the microflora of tibetan kefir grains was investigated by culture- independent methods. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of partially amplified 16s rrna for bacteria and 26s rrna for yeasts, followed by sequencing of the most intense bands, showed that the dominant microorganisms were pseudomonas sp., leuconostoc mesenteroides, lactobacillus helveticus, lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus kefiri, lactobacillus casei, kazachstania unispora, kluyveromyce ...200919835760
interaction between lactobacillus kefir and saccharomyces lipolytica isolated from kefir grains: evidence for lectin-like activity of bacterial surface proteins.several microbial interactions involving yeast and lactobacilli have been suggested in fermented products. co-aggregation between lactobacillus kefir and yeast saccharomyces lipolytica isolated from kefir grains was studied by scanning electron microscopy and aggregation assays. six out of twenty lb. kefir strains were able to co-aggregate with sacch. lipolytica cidca 812 and showed thermolabile non-covalently bound surface molecules involved in this interaction. co-aggregation inhibition after ...200919121231
preparation of enantiopure (r)-hydroxy metabolite of denbufylline using immobilized lactobacillus kefiri dsm 20587 as a catalyst.lactobacillus kefiri dsm 20587 cells were immobilized in calcium alginate and carrageenan. the immobilized cells were used as biocatalysts for the enantioselective reduction of the methyl ketone group of denbufylline to synthesize the enantiopure (r)-hydroxy metabolite: (-)-1,3-dibutyl-7-((2'r)-hydroxypropyl)-1h-purine-2,6(3h,7h)-dione (1). the experimental conditions for the biotransformation were optimized. as denbufylline is insoluble in aqueous media, the influence of cosolvents (dimethylsul ...200918973221
survival of spray-dried lactobacillus kefir is affected by different protectants and storage conditions.survival of two lactobacillus kefir strains after spray drying in reconstituted skim milk with or without the addition of 12.5 g monosodium glutamate/l, 20 g sucrose/l, or 20 g fructo-oligosaccharides (fos)/l and during subsequent storage under different conditions of temperature (20 and 30°c) and relative humidity (rh) (0, 11 and 23%) was evaluated. after being dried, l. kefir 8321 and l. kefir 8348 had a decrease in viability of 0.29 and 0.70 log cfu/ml respectively, while the addition of diff ...201021140192
cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel (s)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase from lactobacillus kefir.a gene encoding a novel (s)-specific nadh-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (lk-adh) was isolated from the genomic dna of lactobacillus kefir dsm 20587 by thermal asymmetric interlaced-polymerase chain reaction. the nucleotide sequence of (s)-lk-adh gene (adhs) was determined, which consists of an open reading frame of 1,044 bp, coding for 347 amino acids with a molecular mass of 37.065 kda. after a blast similarity search in genbank database, the amino acid sequence of (s)-lk-adh showed some homo ...201019082766
lactobacillus ozensis sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacteria isolated from mountain flowers in oze national park.five strains (mizu2-1(t), gon2-7, koba6-1, koyu2-2, and miya2-2) of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from flowers in oze national park using anaerobic cultivations. the five isolates were found to share identical 16s rrna gene sequences. these isolates exhibited low levels of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to known lab; the closest recognized relatives to strain mizu2-1(t) were lactobacillus kunkeei (94.9 %), lactobacillus kefiri (94.1 %), and lactobacillus buchneri (93.9 %). comparat ...201021075903
a comprehensive microbial insight into two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste-recycling wastewater.microbial community structures were assessed in a two-stage anaerobic digestion system treating food waste-recycling wastewater. the reactors were operated for 390 d at 10 different hydraulic retention times (hrts) ranging from 25 to 4 d. stable operation was achieved with the overall chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal efficiency of 73.0-85.9% at organic loading rate of up to 35.6 g cod/l·d. performance of the acidogenic reactors, however, changed significantly during operation. this change co ...201020678786
interaction of bacterial surface layer proteins with lipid membranes: synergysm between surface charge density and chain packing.s-layer proteins from lactobacillus kefir and lactobacillus brevis are able to adsorb on the surface of positively charged liposomes composed by soybean lecithin, cholesterol and stearylamine. the different k values for s-layer proteins isolated from l. kefir and l. brevis (4.22 x 10(-3) and 2.45 x 10(2) microm(-1) respectively) indicates that the affinity of the glycosylated protein isolated from l. kefir is higher than the non-glycosylated one. the attachment of s-layer proteins counteracts th ...201020417069
identification of the bacterial biodiversity in koumiss by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and species-specific polymerase chain reaction.bacterial biodiversity in traditional koumiss fermented milk was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). target dna bands were identified according to the reference species ladder, constructed in this study. comigrating bands present in the dgge profiles were resolved by species-specific pcr. the results revealed a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in koumiss. the dominant lactic acid bacteria included lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus helveti ...201020412906
preservation of probiotic strains isolated from kefir by spray drying.this work aims to investigate the survival of lactobacillus kefir cidca 8348, lactobacillus plantarum cidca 83114 and saccharomyces lipolytica cidca 812, all isolated from kefir, during spray drying and subsequent storage.201019912527
lactobacillus floricola sp. nov., lactic acid bacteria isolated from mountain flowers.five strains (ryu1-2(t), gon2-9, ryu4-3, nog8-1 and aza1-1) of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from flowers in mountainous areas in japan, oze national park, iizuna mountain and the nikko area. the five isolates were found to share almost identical (99.6-100 % similar) 16s rrna gene sequences and were therefore deemed to belong to the same species. these isolates exhibited low levels of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to known lactic acid bacteria; the closest recognized relatives to strain ...201020601482
microbial communities and chemical changes during fermentation of sugary brazilian kefir.the microorganisms associated with sugary brazilian kefir beverage were investigated using a combination of culture-dependent and -independent methods. a total of 289 bacteria and 129 yeasts were identified via phenotypic and genotypic methods. lb. paracasei (23.8%) was the major bacterial isolate identified, followed by acetobacter lovaniensis (16.31%), lactobacillus parabuchneri (11.71%), lactobacillus kefir (10.03%) and lactococcus lactis (10.03%). saccharomyces cerevisiae (54.26%) and kluyve ...201024026929
diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with traditional fermented dairy products in mongolia.spontaneous milk fermentation has a long history in mongolia, and beneficial microorganisms have been handed down from one generation to the next for use in fermented dairy products. the objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) communities in fermented yak, mare, goat, and cow milk products by analyzing 189 samples collected from 13 different regions in mongolia. the lab counts in these samples varied from 3.41 to 9.03 log cfu/ml. fermented yak and m ...201121700007
development of a method based on chemometric analysis of raman spectra for the discrimination of heterofermentative lactobacilli.in this work, a method based on raman spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis (pca) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (pls-da) has been developed for the rapid differentiation of heterofermentative related lactobacilli. in a first approach, lactobacillus kefir strains were discriminated from other species of heterofermentative lactobacilli: lb. parakefir and lb. brevis. after this first approach, pca allowed for a clear differentiation between lb. parakefir and ...201121411035
application of a novel thermostable nad(p)h oxidase from hyperthermophilic archaeon for the regeneration of both nad(+) and nadp(+).a novel thermostable nad(p)h oxidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus kodakarensis kod1 (tknox) catalyzes oxidation of nadh and nadph with oxygen from atmospheric air as an electron acceptor. although the optimal temperature of tknox is >90-¦c, it also shows activity at 30-¦c. this enzyme was used for the regeneration of both nadp(+) and nad(+) in alcohol dehydrogenase (adh)-catalyzed enantioselective oxidation of racemic 1-phenylethanol. nadp(+) regeneration at 30-¦c was perform ...201121830202
determination of lactic microflora of kefir grains and kefir beverage by using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.in this study, we investigated the bacterial compositions of kefir grains and kefir beverages collected from different regions of turkey by using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. in the culture-independent detection, 10 different species of bacteria were detected in total by using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) analysis of the 16s rrna gene v3 region. among these species, lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was the most dominant one i ...201122417438
effect of freeze-drying on viability and in vitro probiotic properties of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir.the effect of freeze-drying on viability and probiotic properties of a microbial mixture containing selected bacterial and yeast strains isolated from kefir grains (lactobacillus kefir, lactobacillus plantarum, lactococcus lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus) was studied. the microorganisms were selected according to their potentially probiotic properties in vitro already reported. two types of formulations were performed, a microbial mixture (mm) suspended in milk and a ...201120822567
Characterization of tetracycline resistance lactobacilli isolated from swine intestines at western area of Taiwan.To investigate the frequency of tetracycline resistance (Tet-R) lactobacilli in pig intestines, a total of 256 pig colons were analyzed and found to contain typical colonies of Tet-R lactic acid bacteria in every sample, ranging from 3.2 × 10(3) to 6.6 × 10(5) CFU/cm(2). From these samples, a total of 159 isolates of Tet-R lactobacilli were obtained and identified as belonging to 11 species, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus planta ...201121906691
use of raman spectroscopy and chemometrics for the quantification of metal ions attached to lactobacillus kefir.aims:  to set-up an experimental and analytical methodology to evaluate the feasibility of developing simple, accurate and quantitative models based on raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for the quantification of metal ions adsorbed to the bacterial surface of lactobacillus kefir. methods and results:  one millilitre cultures from two strains of lact. kefir in the stationary phase were harvested and washed twice with ultra pure water. the bacterial pellets were resuspended into 1 ml so ...201122129226
Surface proteins from Lactobacillus kefir antagonize in vitro cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile toxins.In this work, the ability of S-layer proteins from kefir-isolated Lactobacillus kefir strains to antagonize the cytophatic effects of toxins from Clostridium difficile (TcdA and TcdB) on eukaryotic cells in vitro was tested by cell detachment assay. S-layer proteins from eight different L. kefir strains were able to inhibit the damage induced by C. difficile spent culture supernatant to Vero cells. Besides, same protective effect was observed by F-actin network staining. S-layer proteins from ag ...201122126976
brazilian kefir: structure, microbial communities and chemical composition.microbial ecology and chemical composition of brazilian kefir beverage was performed. the microorganisms associated with brazilian kefir were investigated using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods. a total of 359 microbial isolates were identified. lactic acid bacteria (60.5%) were the major isolated group identified, followed by yeasts (30.6%) and acetic acid bacteria (8.9%). lactobacillus paracasei (89 isolates), lactobacillus parabuchneri (41 isolates), lactobacillus casei (32 i ...201124031681
applied development of crude enzyme from bacillus cereus in prebiotics and microbial community changes in soil.the chitosanase and chitinase activity were revealed in the culture supernatant of bacillus cereus tku027 with shrimp head powder (shp) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. the chitosan with 60% degree of deacetylation (dd) was depolymerized by tku027 crude enzyme. the low dp oligomers stimulated the growth of lactobacillus paracasei bcrc12193 and lactobacillus kefir bcrc14011 in a mrs broth supplemented with low dp oligomers for 12 h. conversely, the high dp oligomers (0.1%) had potent inhibitor ...201223399269
lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria attenuate the proinflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.inflammation is a physiological response to infections and tissue injury; however, abnormal immune responses can give rise to chronic inflammation and contribute to disease progression. various dietary components, including probiotic lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics, have the potential to modulate intestinal inflammatory responses. one factor in particular, the chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8, cxcl-8), is one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response. the purpose of this study was to ...201223391223
assessment of the microbial diversity of brazilian kefir grains by pcr-dgge and pyrosequencing analysis.the microbial diversity and community structure of three different kefir grains from different parts of brazil were examined via the combination of two culture-independent methods: pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) and pyrosequencing. pcr-dgge showed lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and lactobacillus kefiri to be the major bacterial populations in all three grains. the yeast community was dominated by saccharomyces cerevisiae. pyrosequencing produced a total of 14,314 partial 1 ...201222608226
investigation on culturable microflora in tibetan kefir grains from different areas of china.four samples of tibetan kefir grains (tk-zjuj 01-04) from tibet and surrounding areas were investigated via phenotypic and genotypic methods to compare and analyze the diversity of culturable microflora among different origins. as a result, 4 genera of microorganisms from tk-zjuj01: bacillus subtilis (2.9 × 10(7) cfu/ml), lactococcus lactis (8.2 × 10(7) cfu/ml), kluyveromyces marxianus (3.0 × 10(6) cfu/ml), saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.0 × 10(6) cfu/ml); 4 genera from tk-zjuj02: lactobacillus kef ...201222860591
investigation of microorganisms involved in biosynthesis of the kefir grain.the purpose of this study was to understand the significance of each microorganism in grain formation by evaluating their microbial aggregation and cell surface properties during co-aggregation of lab and yeasts together with an investigation of biofilm formation. non-grain forming strains from viili were also evaluated as a comparison. results indicated that the kefir grain strains, lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and saccharomyces turicensis possess strong auto-aggregation ability and that lacto ...201222986190
alcohol and acetaldehyde in african fermented milk mursik--a possible etiologic factor for high incidence of esophageal cancer in western kenya.esophageal cancer is unusually frequent in western kenya, despite the low prevalence of classical risk factors such as heavy drinking and tobacco smoking. among kenyans consumption of fermented milk is an old tradition. our hypothesis is that alcohol and acetaldehyde are produced during the fermentation process and that their carcinogenic potential contributes to the high incidence of esophageal cancer.201323155139
microbiological and chemical characteristics of brazilian kefir during fermentation and storage processes.the microbial community composition and chemical characteristics of a brazilian milk kefir sample produced during its manufacturing and refrigerated storage were investigated by culture-dependent and -independent methods and hplc. lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and ssp. lactis, leuconostoc mesenteroides, acetobacter lovaniensis, and saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated, whereas the detected bands on denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis corresponded to lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, lactob ...201323628252
direct biocatalytic one-pot-transformation of cyclohexanol with molecular oxygen into ɛ-caprolactone.the development of a biocatalytic process concept for ɛ-caprolactone, which directly converts cyclohexanol as an easily available industrial raw material into the desired ɛ-caprolactone in a one-pot fashion while only requiring air as sole reagent, is reported. the desired product ɛ-caprolactone was obtained with 94-97% conversion when operating at a substrate concentration in the range of 20-60 mm. at higher substrate concentrations, however, a significant drop of conversion was found. subseque ...201323931696
towards catalyst compartimentation in combined chemo- and biocatalytic processes: immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenases for the diastereoselective reduction of a β-hydroxy ketone obtained from an organocatalytic aldol reaction.the alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) from lactobacillus kefir and rhodococcus sp., which earlier turned out to be suitable for a chemoenzymatic one-pot synthesis with organocatalysts, were immobilized with their cofactors on a commercially available superabsorber based on a literature known protocol. the use of the immobilized adh from l. kefir in the reduction of acetophenone as a model substrate led to high conversion (>95%) in the first reaction cycle, followed by a slight decrease of conversion ...201324036136
protective effect of a mixture of kefir-isolated lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a hamster model of clostridium difficile infection.the objective of this work was to test the protective effect of a mixture (mm) constituted by kefir-isolated microorganisms (lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus kefir, lc. lactis, kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae) in a hamster model of infection with clostridium difficile, an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that causes diarrhoea. placebo or mm was administered ad libitum in drinking water from day 0 to the end of treatment. hamsters received orally 200 μg of clyndamicin ...201323542116
application of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods for the identification of lactobacillus kefiranofaciens in microbial consortia present in kefir grains.the biological and technological characteristics of kefiran as well as its importance in grain integrity led us to analyze the microbial kefir grain consortium with focus on lactobacillus kefiranofaciens. the presence of l. kefiranofaciens in the nine kefir grains studied was demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. by culture dependent methods applying a methodology focused on the search of this species, 22 isolates with typical morphology were obtained and identified applying a ...201324010614
kefir-isolated lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis inhibits the cytotoxic effect of clostridium difficile in vitro.kefir is a dairy product obtained by fermentation of milk with a complex microbial population and several health-promoting properties have been attributed to its consumption. in this work, we tested the ability of different kefir-isolated bacterial and yeast strains (lactobacillus kefir, lb. plantarum, lactococcus lactis subps. lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus) or a mixture of them (mm) to antagonise the cytopathic effect of toxins from clostridium difficile (tcda and ...201323217732
probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from tibetan kefir grains.the objective of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from tibetan kefir grains. three lactobacillus isolates identified as lactobacillus acidophilus la15, lactobacillus plantarum b23 and lactobacillus kefiri d17 that showed resistance to acid and bile salts were selected for further evaluation of their probiotic properties. the 3 selected strains expressed high in vitro adherence to caco-2 cells. they were sensitive to gentamicin, erythromy ...201323894554
lactobacillus plantarum isolated from kefir protects vero cells from cytotoxicity by type-ii shiga toxin from escherichia coli o157:h7.kefir is a fermented-milk beverage originating and widely consumed in the caucasus as well as in eastern europe and is a source of bacteria with potential probiotic properties. enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli producing shiga toxin is commonly associated with food-transmitted diseases; the most prevalent serotype causing epidemics is esch. coli o157:h7. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonism of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from kefir against the action on vero cells of super ...201323186804
engineered baker's yeast as whole-cell biocatalyst for one-pot stereo-selective conversion of amines to alcohols.one-pot multi-step biocatalysis is advantageous over step-by-step synthesis as it reduces the number of process operation units, leading to significant process intensification. whole-cell biocatalysis with metabolically active cells is especially valuable since all enzymes can be co-expressed in the cell whose metabolism can be exploited for supply of co-substrates and co-factors.201425266107
removal of cadmium by lactobacillus kefir as a protective tool against toxicity.the aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of lactobacillus kefir strains to remove cadmium cations and protect eukaryotic cells from cadmium toxicity. lb. kefir cidca 8348 and jcm 5818 were grown in a 1/2 dilution of mrs broth supplemented with cd(no3)2 ranging 0 to 1 mm. growth kinetics were followed during 76 h at 30 °c by registering optical density at 600 nm every 4-10 h. the accumulated concentration of cadmium was determined on cultures in the stationary phase by atomic absorption. ...201424960206
safety characterization and antimicrobial properties of kefir-isolated lactobacillus kefiri.lactobacilli are generally regarded as safe; however, certain strains have been associated with cases of infection. our workgroup has already assessed many functional properties of lactobacillus kefiri, but parameters regarding safety must be studied before calling them probiotics. in this work, safety aspects and antimicrobial activity of l. kefiri strains were studied. none of the l. kefiri strains tested caused α- or β-hemolysis. all the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, clindamycin, ...201424955346
apoptotic effect of a novel kefir product, pft, on multidrug-resistant myeloid leukemia cells via a hole-piercing mechanism.we examined the apoptotic effect of a novel probiotics fermentation technology (pft) kefir grain product; pft is a natural mixture composed primarily of lactobacillus kefiri p-if, a specific strain of l. kefiri with unique growth characteristics. the aim of this study was to examine the apoptotic effect of pft on human multidrug-resistant (mdr) myeloid leukemia (hl60/ar) cells in vitro and explore the mechanistic approach underlying its effect. hl60/ar cells were cultured with pft (0.6-5.0 mg/ml ...201424430613
adhesion properties of potentially probiotic lactobacillus kefiri to gastrointestinal mucus.we investigated the mucus-binding properties of aggregating and non-aggregating potentially probiotic strains of kefir-isolated lactobacillus kefiri, using different substrates. all the strains were able to adhere to commercial gastric mucin (mucin) and extracted mucus from small intestine (sim) and colon (cm). the extraction of surface proteins from bacteria using licl or naoh significantly reduced the adhesion of three selected strains (cidca 8348, cidca 83115 and jcm 5818); although a signifi ...201424168928
origins of stereoselectivity in evolved ketoreductases.mutants of lactobacillus kefir short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase, used here as ketoreductases (kreds), enantioselectively reduce the pharmaceutically relevant substrates 3-thiacyclopentanone and 3-oxacyclopentanone. these substrates differ by only the heteroatom (s or o) in the ring, but the kred mutants reduce them with different enantioselectivities. kinetic studies show that these enzymes are more efficient with 3-thiacyclopentanone than with 3-oxacyclopentanone. x-ray crystal structures of a ...201526644568
short communication: evaluation of the microbiota of kefir samples using metagenetic analysis targeting the 16s and 26s ribosomal dna fragments.milk kefir is produced by fermenting milk in the presence of kefir grains. this beverage has several benefits for human health. the aim of this experiment was to analyze 5 kefir grains (and their products) using a targeted metagenetic approach. of the 5 kefir grains analyzed, 1 was purchased in a supermarket, 2 were provided by the ministry of agriculture (namur, belgium), and 2 were provided by individuals. the metagenetic approach targeted the v1-v3 fragment of the 16s ribosomal (r)dna for the ...201525828663
impact of kefir derived lactobacillus kefiri on the mucosal immune response and gut microbiota.the evaluation of the impact of probiotics on host health could help to understand how they can be used in the prevention of diseases. on the basis of our previous studies and in vitro assays on pbmc and caco-2 ccl20:luc reporter system presented in this work, the strain lactobacillus kefiri cidca 8348 was selected and administrated to healthy swiss mice daily for 21 days. the probiotic treatment increased iga in feces and reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators in peyer patches and mese ...201525811034
role of s-layer proteins in the biosorption capacity of lead by lactobacillus kefir.the role of s-layer proteins (slp) on the pb(2+) sequestrant capacity by lactobacillus kefir cidca 8348 and jcm 5818 was investigated. cultures in the stationary phase were treated with proteinase k. a dot blot assay was carried out to assess the removal of slp. strains with and without slp were exposed to 0-0.5 mm pb(no3)2. the maximum binding capacity (q max ) and the affinity coefficient (b) were calculated using the langmuir equation. the structural effect of pb(2+) on microorganisms with an ...201525653110
a novel kefir product (pft) activates dendritic cells to induce cd4+t and cd8+t cell responses in vitro.lactobacilli have been widely studied for their probiotic effects and have been reported to function as antiviral and anticancer agents. however, the underlying mechanisms via immune modulation are poorly understood. pft is a freeze dried compound of lactobacillus kefiri p-if with a unique composition and functionality. in this study, we examined the potential stimulatory effects of two concentrations (50 µg and 100 µg/ml) of pft on human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (dc) function in vitro. r ...201526384392
selective induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells by lactobacillus kefiri (pft), a novel kefir product.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lactobacillus kefiri (pft), a novel kefir product, on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells (ags), breast cancer cells (4t1), and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). cells were cultured with pft and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using 7-aad dye and cytospin preparation. mitochondrial dysfunction and expression of bcl2 were monitored by flow cytometry. results showed that pft induced apoptosis in ags gastric cancer ...201526251956
growth inhibition of cronobacter sakazakii in experimentally contaminated powdered infant formula by kefir supernatant.kefir is a type of fermented milk containing lactic and acetic acid bacteria and yeast. in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of kefir supernatant against cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula (pif). in a spot-on-lawn test, the growth of 20 c. sakazakii strains, including 10 clinical and 10 food isolates, was completely inhibited in the presence of kefir supernatant. significant differences in the diameters of inhibition zones were observed upon treatment with kefir c ...201526319718
highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of tert-butyl (s)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate with a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase of lactobacillus kefir.tert-butyl (s)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate ((s)-choh) is a valuable chiral synthon, which is used for the synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering drugs atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. to date, only the alcohol dehydrogenases from lactobacillus brevis (lbadh) and lactobacillus kefir (lkadh) have demonstrated catalytic activity toward the asymmetric reduction of tert-butyl 6-chloro-3,5-dioxohexanoate (cdoh) to (s)-choh. herein, a tetrad mutant of lkadh (lktadh), a94t/f147l/l199h/a202l, was scre ...201526004803
selection of lactic acid bacteria from brazilian kefir grains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures.brazilian kefir is a homemade fermented beverage that is obtained by incubating milk or a brown sugar solution with kefir grains that contribute their different microbiological compositions. it is highly important to isolate and characterize microorganisms from brazilian kefir grains to obtain starter cultures for the industrial production of a standardized commercial kefir. thus, the present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from eight kefir grains that were propagated in milk or suga ...201525542841
selected lactobacillus strains isolated from sugary and milk kefir reduce salmonella infection of epithelial cells in vitro.the isolation of potentially probiotic strains and the subsequent study of their properties are very important steps to gain insight in the health benefits ascribed to sugary and milk kefir. the aim of the present study was to characterise fifteen lactobacillus strains isolated from these beverages by determining some surface properties and their ability to antagonise enterocyte cell damage after salmonella infection in vitro. lactobacillus surface properties were determined by hydrophobicity, a ...201627291404
tetracycline resistance patterns of lactobacillus buchneri group strains.lactobacilli are applied as starter cultures for controlled fermentation in the production of food and feed. among other lactobacilli, members of the lactobacillus buchneri group are used in fermented milk, wine, and silage. most of the l. buchneri species used for the manufacturing of food or feed are already on the list for qualified presumption of safety status and are recommended as biological agents by the european food safety authority. consequently, new strains intended as food or feed ad ...201628221841
the evaluation of kefir pure culture starter: liquid-core capsule entrapping microorganisms isolated from kefir grains.the main purpose of this study was to develop a pure culture starter for producing kefir. in order to accomplish starter recycling, yeasts (kluyveromyces marxianus strain, pichia kudriavzevii clone), lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus kefiri strain f4aa, lactobacillus kefiri strain nm131-7, lactobacillus kefiri strain nm132-3, lactobacillus kefiri strain nm180-3, respectively), and acetic acid bacteria (acetobacter lovaniensis strain) were entrapped in liquid core capsules based on the distribu ...201626924844
carbonyl reductase identification and development of whole-cell biotransformation for highly efficient synthesis of (r)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethanol.(r)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethanol [(r)-3,5-btpe] is a valuable chiral intermediate for aprepitant (emend) and fosaprepitant (ivemend). biocatalyzed asymmetric reduction is a preferred approach to synthesize highly optically active (r)-3,5-btpe. however, the product concentration and productivity of reported (r)-3,5-btpe synthetic processes remain unsatisfied.201627835967
anti-atherosclerotic effect of traditional fermented cheese whey in atherosclerotic rabbits and identification of probiotics.traditional fermented cheese whey (tfcw), containing probiotics, has been used both as a dairy food with ethnic flavor and a medicine for cardiovascular disease, especially regulating blood lipid among kazakh. we therefore investigated anti-atherosclerotic effects of tfcw in atherosclerotic rabbits and identified lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts in tfcw.201627553960
s-layer proteins from lactobacillus sp. inhibit bacterial infection by blockage of dc-sign cell receptor.many species of lactobacillus sp. possess surface(s) layer proteins in their envelope. among other important characteristics s-layer from lactobacillus acidophilus binds to the cellular receptor dc-sign (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin; cd209), which is involved in adhesion and infection of several families of bacteria. in this report we investigate the activity of new s-layer proteins from the lactobacillus family (lactobacillus acidophilus, lacto ...201627498415
practical two-step synthesis of enantiopure styrene oxide through an optimized chemoenzymatic approach.enantiopure styrene oxide (so) and its derivatives are important building blocks for chiral synthesis. in this study, we developed an attractive "1-pot, 2-step" chemoenzymatic approach for producing enantiopure so with 100 % theoretical yield. this approach involved asymmetric reduction of α-chloroacetophenone by an alcohol dehydrogenase (adh; step 1), followed by base-induced ring closure (epoxidation) of enantiopure 2-chloro-1-phenylethanol produced by the adh (step 2). by-product formation du ...201627225474
antibiotic susceptibility profile of a new lactobacillus kefiri strain. 201627436400
a glycoproteomic approach reveals that the s-layer glycoprotein of lactobacillus kefiri cidca 83111 is o- and n-glycosylated.in gram-positive bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, general glycosylation systems have not been documented so far. the aim of this work was to characterize in detail the glycosylation of the s-layer protein of lactobacillus kefiri cidca 83111. a reductive β-elimination treatment followed by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography analysis was useful to characterize the o-glycosidic structures. maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of oligosaccharides bear ...201728433761
adsorption of aflatoxin b1, zearalenone and ochratoxin a by microorganisms isolated from kefir grains.a strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of mycotoxins is to use dietary supplements that contain microorganisms that bind mycotoxins and decrease their gastrointestinal absorption. novel strains were isolated from a kefir culture and assessed for their mycotoxin adsorption and biotransformation ability. the most active strains were identified using dna sequencing, and the stability of microorganism/mycotoxin complexes was evaluated using buffer solutions to simulate the ph conditions in the ...201728376398
dual function of lactobacillus kefiri dh5 in preventing high-fat-diet-induced obesity: direct reduction of cholesterol and upregulation of pparα in adipose tissue.kefir consumption inhibits the development of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed 60% high-fat diet (hfd). to identify the key contributor of this effect, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (lab) from kefir and examined their anti-obesity properties from in vitro screening and in vivo validation.201728691342
interaction of s-layer proteins of lactobacillus kefir with model membranes and cells.in previous works, it was shown that s-layer proteins from lactobacillus kefir were able to recrystallize and stabilize liposomes, this feature reveling a great potential for developing liposomal-based carriers. despite previous studies on this subject are important milestones, a number of questions remain unanswered. in this context, the feasibility of s-layer proteins as a biomaterial for drug delivery was evaluated in this work. first, s-layer proteins were fully characterized by electron mic ...201728081647
lactobacillus kefiri shows inter-strain variations in the amino acid sequence of the s-layer proteins.the s-layer is a proteinaceous envelope constituted by subunits that self-assemble to form a two-dimensional lattice that covers the surface of different species of bacteria and archaea, and it could be involved in cell recognition of microbes among other several distinct functions. in this work, both proteomic and genomic approaches were used to gain knowledge about the sequences of the s-layer protein (slps) encoding genes expressed by six aggregative and sixteen non-aggregative strains of pot ...201728004217
ability of lactobacillus kefiri lkf01 (dsm32079) to colonize the intestinal environment and modify the gut microbiota composition of healthy individuals.probiotics have been observed to positively influence the host's health, but to date few data about the ability of probiotics to modify the gut microbiota composition exist.201727939319
encapsulation of lactobacillus kefiri in alginate microbeads using a double novel aerosol technique.alginate micro beads containing lactobacillus kefiri (the principal bacteria present in the kefir probiotic drink) were produced by a novel technique based on dual aerosols spaying of alginate based solution and cacl2 as cross linking agent. carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) has been also added to the alginate in order to change the physic-chemical properties (viscosity and permeability) of the microbeads. calcium alginate and cmc are biopolymers that can be used for developing oral drug-delivery sys ...201728532064
deleterious metabolic effects of high fructose intake: the preventive effect of lactobacillus kefiri administration.modern lifestyle and diets have been associated with metabolic disorders and an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. probiotics are widely known for their health beneficial properties targeting the gut microbial ecosystem. the aim of our study was to evaluate the preventive effect of lactobacillus kefiri (l. kefiri) administration in a fructose-rich diet (frd) mice model. mice were provided with tap water or fructose-added (20% w/v) drinking water supplemented or not with l. kefiri. results s ...201728513533
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