Publications

feline distemper in a cheetah.		1951	14853263
isolation of a feline picornavirus from cheetahs with conjunctivitis and glossitis.		1970	5533341
herpesviruses isolated from cheetahs.		1971	4331252
[surgical management of humeral pseudoarthrosis in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)].		1972	4551839
notoedres cati (hering, 1838) infestation of the cheetah: preliminary report.		1972	4680377
temperature regulation and heat balance in running cheetahs: a strategy for sprinters?		1973	4698801
tension band wiring of fractured tuber calcanei in a cheetah.		1973	4742073
letter: caution in the treatment of cheetahs with malathion.		1973	4769852
restraint of captive and wild lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus) and cheetah (asinonyx jubatus).		1973	4718145
running in cheetahs, gazelles, and goats: energy cost and limb configuration.		1974	4429134
observations on naturally acquired hepatozoonosis of wild carnivores and dogs in the republic of south africa.	hepatozoonosis was studied in hyaenas, lions, jackals, cheetahs and one leopard in the kruger national park and compared with the condition seen in dogs in the republic of south africa. hepatozoon schizonts were found in the wild carnivores. the genesis of microschizonts was followed and is illustrated. the schizonts were sometimes very plentiful in the lung, myocardium and skeletal muscle, and were also encountered in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. gametocytes were present in leucocytes. th ...	1975	1221330
pathogenicity of a strain of feline calicivirus for domestic kittens.	a strain of feline calicivirus, isolated from a cheetah exhibiting ulcerative glossitis and conjunctivitis, was administered by aerosol to 4 domestic cats and by contact to a fifth cat. despite the limited number of animals available for the experiment, the pathogenicity of the virus strain for domestic cats was established. in aerosol-infected animals, clinical signs were referable to infection of both upper and lower respiratory tracts. the virus produced an interstitial pneumonia which, early ...	1975	1222003
evolution of the felid brain.	endocranial casts of 15 genera of fossil felids provide a record of felid brain evolution over the past 35 million years. brains of the earliest felids, known as paleofelids, had coronolateral, suprasylvian and variably developed ectosylvian sulci as their only neocortical sulci. the last paleofelids, which became extinct around 8 million years ago, show little change in external brain morphology except for the addition of a presylvian sulcus. the other group of felids, the neofelids, appears ab ...	1975	1181005
adaptive differences in the body proportions of large felids.	body proportions of eight species of large felids were studied and the relationship between their morphology, habitat structure and habitat utilization was analyzed. both panthera onca and neofelis nebulosa are exclusive forest dwellers (found exclusively in high densly structured habitats). these felids have the relatively shortest anterior limbs and lumbar spine. in addition, p. onca has the relatively shortest posterior limbs of the large felids, while the posterior limbs of n. nebulosa are r ...	1976	973541
application of ovine luteinizing hormone (lh) radioimmunoassay in the quantitation of lh in different mammalian species.	a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring luteinizing hormone (lh) in various african mammalian species, using rabbit anti-ovine lh serum (gdn 15) and radioiodinated rat lh or ovine lh. serum and pituitary homogenates from some african mammals (hyrax, reedbuck, sable, impala, tsessebe, thar, spring-hare, ground squirrel and cheetah, as well as the domestic sheep, cow and horse and laboratory rat and hamster) produced displacement curves parallel to that of the ...	1977	330153
aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection in the cheetah.		1977	599269
a cheetah-like cat in the north american pleistocene.	the discovery of abundant skeletal remains of felis trumani from a late pleistocene deposit in wyoming shows that it was as highly modified for cursorial locomotion as the cheetah (acinonyx). several other pleistocene felids that have been regarded as pumas seem to be related forms. the late pleistocene fauna of the big horn basin in wyoming is dominated by cursorial taxa.	1977	17735673
esophageal hiatal hernia. case report of a dog and a cheetah.	case reports of a paraesophageal hiatal hernia in a french bulldog and an invagination of the stomach into the esophagus in a cheetah are presented. in both cases there was an enlarged hiatus and in the cheetah the hiatus was clearly bounded by a muscular loop. treatment consisted of surgical narrowing of the hiatus. the pathophysiology of hiatal hernia is discussed with reference to experimental studies in dogs.	1978	675645
[a case of relapsing cutaneous larva migrans transmitted by a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)].	a case of relapsing "creeping eruption" connected with parasites of the cheetah is reported in the man. the parasitological examination, carried out in two cheetahs liable of this syndrome, has shown two different helmintic species: ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma tubaeforme.	1978	575999
multiple splenic myelolipomas in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).		1978	695230
the cheetah: native american.	two north american fossil species of large felids, hitherto regarded as late cenozoic pumas (mountain lion), are in fact closely related to the living cheetah, acinonyx, of africa and eurasia. a new subgenus (miracinonyx) is proposed for the american species. cheetahs and pumas may have had a common ancestor in the miocene of north america.	1979	17735054
feline infectious peritonitis: a worldwide serosurvey.	feline sera from 13 countries were assayed for coronavirus antibody, using a heterologous indirect immunofluorescence test. significantly higher percentages of antibody carriers were obtained during testing randomly collected sera from mature males (greater than 1 year old) than in testing females of the same age. antibodies were infrequently found in immature cats (less than 6 months old); at 1 year of age or older, a plateau was reached and little change in the percentage of seroconverted anim ...	1979	230758
the electrocardiogram of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	electrocardiograms were recorded on 19 cheetahs immobilized with the steroidal anaesthetic-hypnotic agent saffan comprising 0,9% m/v alphaxalone and 0,3% alphadolone. sinus rhythm was recorded in all animals and heart rate was rapid averaging 173 +/- sd 18 beats per minute. the average of mean electrical axes in the frontal plane was + 76 degrees +/- sd 13 degrees. mean +/- sd durations in milliseconds on lead ii were: p 47 +/- 6,5; pr 93 +/- 11,5; qrs 53 +/- 7,5; qt 193 +/- 19,7. the amplitude ...	1981	7310794
cytauxzoon-like organisms in erythrocytes of two cheetahs.		1981	6799472
saffan induced poikilothermia in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	the steroidal anaesthetic agent saffan (a 1,2% m/v mixture of alphaxalone and alphadolone) induced a state of poikilothermia in cheetahs. on a warm day (maximum temperature 29 degrees c) rectal temperatures rose in 7 of 8 male cheetahs given saffan. the highest rectal temperature recorded was 41 degrees c. on a cool day (minimum temperature 19,5 degrees c) rectal temperature fell in 6 of 6 male cheetahs. the lowest rectal temperatures recorded was 36,2 degrees c. saffan at 3 mg/kg intravenously ...	1981	7310795
induction of ovarian activity in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).		1981	6781547
oral therapy for nasal cryptococcosis in a cheetah.		1982	6294037
gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids.	five species of felids (cheetah, north chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma) were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) to evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. animals were subjected to laparoscopy before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature ovarian follicles (mf), corpora hemorrhagica (ch), and corpora lutea (cl) were recorded and photographed. ovarian morphologic features, including mf, ch, and cl anatomy, were similar ...	1982	6816775
an outbreak of cowpox in captive cheetahs: virological and epidemiological studies.	this paper describes virological and epidemiological features of an infection which killed two of three affected cheetahs at whipsnade park in 1977. two animals had profuse skin lesions and the third had an acute haemorrhagic pneumonia. the outbreak was shown to be caused by cowpox virus. cowpox virus is believed to circulate in small wild animals, but the source of infection was not traced despite virological and serological tests on 93 captive and 102 wild animals. sub-clinical infections did ...	1982	6891393
identification of trout and salmon bloods by simple immunological technique and by electrofocusing patterns of red cell enzyme superoxide dismutase.	species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. this report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of t ...	1983	6630130
unique seminal quality in the south african cheetah and a comparative evaluation in the domestic cat.	analysis of 40 semen samples collected by electroejaculation from 18 cheetahs revealed no major differences in seminal traits among transvaal, south west (namibia) or hybrid (transvaal x south west) males. however, mean spermatozoal concentration (14.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate) and percent motility (54.0%) were less in cheetahs than in domestic cats (147.0 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate, 77.0% motility) subjected to the same electroejaculation regimen. on the average, cheetah eja ...	1983	6640033
[comparative anatomy of the mandible. functional aspects].	the structural morphology of the mandibula is presented and correlated to various types of mastication in several mammalian species. the latter include: carnivores (dog, cat, cheetah, lion); omnivores (man, chimpanzee, hog); herbivores (horse, ox, goat, camel, rabbit). while the mandibula is studied as a composite unit, a more analytical, segmental approach has been included, and both are illustrated by x-rays. the aspects presented underline the distribution as well as the local modifications o ...	1983	6679450
the cheetah is depauperate in genetic variation.	a sample of 55 south african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) from two geographically isolated populations in south africa were found to be genetically monomorphic at each of 47 allozyme (allelic isozyme) loci. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 155 abundant soluble proteins from cheetah fibroblasts also revealed a low frequency of polymorphism (average heterozygosity, 0.013). both estimates are dramatically lower than levels of variation reported in other cats and mammals in general. the ...	1983	17755482
feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah.		1983	6315664
lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis in two cheetahs.		1984	6511593
pituitary and gonadal response to lh releasing hormone administration in the female and male cheetah.	luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh, 50 micrograms) or saline was administered (i.m.) to adult female and male cheetahs under anaesthesia to evaluate pituitary and gonadal response. serum lh levels did not fluctuate over a 120-min sampling period in saline-treated animals. serum lh concentrations were raised (p less than 0.05) in both female and male cheetahs after lhrh injection, the temporal response being similar to previously reported results in unanaesthetized, domestic carnivores. ...	1984	6368730
adrenal-testicular-pituitary relationships in the cheetah subjected to anesthesia/electroejaculation.	the influence of electroejaculation on the acute response in serum cortisol, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (lh) was studied in the south african cheetah . males were either anesthetized with ct-1341 and 1) serially bled only (controls, n = 7) or 2) serially bled during and following a regimented protocol of rectal probe electroejaculation (n = 14). in the control cheetahs , mean cortisol concentrations declined over time (p less than 0.05) and neither testosterone nor lh varied over the 1 ...	1984	6326873
concomitant feline infectious peritonitis and toxoplasmosis in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	three wild caught littermate cheetahs succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis (fip) after being in captivity for approximately 9 weeks. a necropsy and histopathological examination on one revealed typical signs of fip as well as histopathological lesions in the liver and brain of concomitant toxoplasmosis. hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia and elevations of alpha 2-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions of the blood were present in the one animal examined. these fin ...	1984	6533309
effects of tactile and electrical stimuli upon release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the mammalian penis.	plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in the corpora cavernosa penis and dorsal penile veins greatly exceeded those measured in the limb or caudal veins during anaesthesia in various mammals (bennett's wallaby, barbary sheep, cheetah, puma, sooty mangabey, pigtail macaque and chimpanzee). tactile stimulation of the penis immediately before or during collection of blood samples resulted in an increase. in the wallaby, vip levels (mean +/- s.e.m.) in blood samples collected from ...	1984	6420493
struvite uroliths in a cheetah.		1984	6511594
[research on the cat stomach worm, ollulanus tricuspis (leuckart, 1865)--state of the art].	the stomach worm of the cat with an unusual cycle has a special place among the nematodes. o. tricuspis can develop and breed endogen as well as exogen, the infection of other hosts with freedom of movement, takes place through the ingestion of vomitus material containing parasites. as the conventional coproscopic methods of routine diagnosis have failed, the examination of gastric mucus or gastric mucosal scrapings post mortem offers itself. intra vitam a provocated vomitus or a gastric irrigat ...	1985	3895570
energy of the oscillating legs of a fast-moving cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant.	lifelike models of the oscillating legs treated as three-segment systems show the course of kinetic and potential energy over the locomotor cycle for a cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant running at speeds approaching their maxima. the models can be adjusted to eliminate differences among the animals in time intervals, mass or length of limb, and joint angles. this facilitates analysis of the influence on total energy of each of these variables and of the distribution of mass among leg ...	1985	3989863
genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah.	a population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the south african cheetah (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. the genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. the apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species ...	1985	2983425
a molecular phylogeny of the felidae: immunological distance.	the phylogenetic distances between 34 of the 37 extant species of felidae were estimated using albumin immunological distances (aid). albumins from ten cat species were used to prepare antisera in rabbits. a consensus phylogeny was constructed from a matrix of reciprocal aid measurements using four distinct phylogenetic algorithms. a series of one-way measurements using the ten index antisera and those 24 species for which albumins were available (but antisera were not), permitted addition of th ...	1985	28561961
vertebral body fracture in a captive cheetah.		1986	3505983
morphological variability and asymmetry in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), a genetically uniform species.	the african cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) is an unusual species because of its extremely low amount of biochemical genetic variation. a comparative analysis of morphological variation of 16 cranial characters from four species of felidae (ocelot, leopardus pardalus; margay, l. wiedii; leopard, panthera pardus; and cheetah) was undertaken to evaluate the consequence of biochemical monomorphism on morphological variation. the species were selected because the cheetah has been shown previously to poss ...	1986	28564107
haematological reference values for adult pumas, lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars and cheetahs.	normal haematological values and fibrinogen levels were obtained from a number of healthy adult felidae in the collection of the zoological society of london. the group comprised 29 pumas (felis concolor), 32 lions (panthera leo), 27 tigers (p tigris), 19 leopards (p pardus), 18 jaguars (p onca) and 22 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). the values provided a basis for identifying abnormalities in the blood of sick individuals of these species and for undertaking interspecies comparisons.	1986	3775118
feline leukemia virus infection in a captive cheetah and the clinical and antibody response of six captive cheetahs to vaccination with a subunit feline leukemia virus vaccine.		1986	2851578
dietary estrogens--a probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs.	the cheetah in the wild is "racing towards extinction" mostly due to habitat destruction. its survival will probably depend on accelerated captive breeding. at this time, however, reproductive failure and liver disease threaten the future of the captive cheetah population. histopathological evaluation of more than 100 cheetah livers identified venocclusive disease as the main hepatic lesion responsible for liver disease in this species. analysis of the commercial feline diet by high-performance ...	1987	3297906
similarity in ejaculate-endocrine characteristics in captive versus free-ranging cheetahs of two subspecies.	ejaculate-endocrine characteristics were measured in 23 captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in north american zoos and in 8 free-ranging cheetahs (a.j. raineyi) in eastern africa (tanzania). a standardized electroejaculation protocol was used, and numbers of motile spermatozoa were similar (p greater than 0.05) between groups. of the spermatozoa collected by electroejaculation, 70.6 +/- 3.3% and 75.9 +/- 4.4% were morphologically abnormal in the captive "north american" and in the free-r ...	1987	3580457
east african cheetahs: evidence for two population bottlenecks?	a combined population genetic and reproductive analysis was undertaken to compare free-ranging cheetahs from east africa (acinonyx jubatus raineyi) with the genetically impoverished and reproductively impaired south african subspecies (acinonyx jubatus jubatus). like that of their south african counterparts, the quality of semen specimens from east african cheetahs was poor, with a low concentration of spermatozoa (25.3 x 10(6) per ejaculate) and a high incidence of morphological abnormalities ( ...	1987	3467370
bottlenecked cheetahs.		1987	3823886
fluctuating asymmetry in the cheetah: methodological and interpretive concerns.		1987	28563766
analysis of fluctuating asymmetry in cheetahs.		1987	28563761
basic haematological values in carnivores--ii. the felidae.	1. basic haematological values in 34 animals of eight carnivorous species are reported. 2. in four northern lynxs (lynx lynx lynx), two male and two female animals, the mean values are given: erythrocyte counts 8.51 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.392/l, haemoglobin content 148.0 g/l and leukocyte count 7.92 x 10(9)/l. 3. in six male pumas (puma concolor missolensis) the mean values estimated are: erythrocyte count 9.35 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.43/l, haemoglobin content 163.9 g/l and leukocyte count ...	1987	2886279
a comparative analysis of ejaculate and hormonal characteristics of the captive male cheetah, tiger, leopard, and puma.	male cheetahs, tigers, leopards, and pumas maintained under the same conditions were anesthetized and 1) serially bled before, during, and after electroejaculation (ee); 2) serially bled only (ao); or 3) serially bled before and after receiving adrenocorticotropin hormone (acth). ejaculates from leopards contained higher (p less than 0.05) sperm concentrations than cheetahs and pumas but lower (p less than 0.05) sperm motility ratings than all other species. tigers produced a larger seminal volu ...	1988	2833943
veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah.	liver tissues from 126 captive cheetah were evaluated by light microscopy and histochemistry; eight animals were evaluated by electron microscopy. the main hepatic lesion, a vascular lesion resembling veno-occlusive disease (vod) of the liver and characterized by subendothelial fibrosis and proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells in the central veins, was seen in 60% of the sexually mature cheetah. although this hepatic vascular lesion was seen in cheetah as young as 1 year of age, the most se ...	1988	3344570
comparison of a cheetah herpesvirus isolate to feline herpesvirus type 1.	a cytopathogenic virus with size and structural characteristics of a herpesviridae was isolated from a cheetah with severe ulcerative dermatitis. restriction endonuclease analysis and cross-hybridization studies revealed that the isolate was related to feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1). antigenic comparison studies using anti-fhv-1 serum demonstrated the presence of common antigens in the fhv-1 and the isolate from the cheetah.	1988	2898931
biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah.	an epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah population during 1982-1983 served to focus attention on the susceptibility of the cheetah (acinoyx jubatus) to infectious disease. subsequent observations based upon seroepidemiological surveys and electron microscopy of fecal material verified that cheetahs were indeed capable of being infected by coronaviruses, which were antigenically related to coronaviruses affecting domestic cats, i.e. feline infectious peritonitis virus/f ...	1988	2849387
comparative features of a coronavirus isolated from a cheetah with feline infectious peritonitis.	a coronavirus which was isolated from a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) that succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis was characterized in vitro. the virus was determined to be highly cell-associated with crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells and was routinely maintained as a persistent infection (crfk 83-4497). the cheetah coronavirus was compared with other members of the feline coronavirus group including the feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) 79-1683 and the feline infectious peritonitis viruses ( ...	1989	2546331
subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy in aged domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species--a light and selected electron microscopic study.	lumbar polyradiculopathy, characterized by ballooning myelin sheaths and axonal distortion, was documented in multiple, aged, domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species. animals studied that exhibited this nerve rootlet change included the goat, sheep, pig, white-tailed deer, gerbil, vole, ferret, beaver, hedgehog, chinchilla, north chinese leopard, lion, cheetah, mountain lion, llama, east african eland, uganda giraffe, polar bear, and drill. ultrastructurally, lumbar nerve rootlets fro ...	1989	2766747
dna variation of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex reflects genomic diversity and population history.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a multigene complex of tightly linked homologous genes that encode cell surface antigens that play a key role in immune regulation and response to foreign antigens. in most species, mhc gene products display extreme antigenic polymorphism, and their variability has been interpreted to reflect an adaptive strategy for accommodating rapidly evolving infectious agents that periodically afflict natural populations. determination of the extent of mhc vari ...	1990	1967831
prevalence of hematozoans in lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater, tanzania.	lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) from the serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area, tanzania were examined for the presence of blood protozoans. twenty-eight percent of the lions were infected with trypanosoma sp. and the prevalence of trypanosome infection varied significantly between adjacent habitats. all of the animals were infected with hepatozoon sp. and a theileria sp.-like piroplasm that was morphologically indistinguishable from theileria felis.	1990	2117677
prevalence and implications of feline coronavirus infections of captive and free-ranging cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	the extent and progression of exposure to feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus in the cheetah, acinonyx jubatus, was monitored by a world-wide serological survey with indirect fluorescent antibody titers to coronavirus. the indirect fluorescent antibody assay was validated by western blots, which showed that all indirect fluorescent antibody-positive cheetah sera detected both domestic cat and cheetah coronavirus structural proteins. there was a poor correlation between indirect fluorescent ...	1990	2157864
molecular genetic divergence of orang utan (pongo pygmaeus) subspecies based on isozyme and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.	the orang utan (pongo pygmaeus), as currently recognized, includes two geographically separated subspecies: pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, which resides on borneo, and p. p. abelii, which inhabits sumatra. at present, there is no known route of gene flow between the two populations except through captive individuals which have been released back into the wild over the last several decades. the two subspecies are differentiated by morphological and behavioral characters, and they can be distinguished b ...	1990	2230076
anthrax in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in namibia.	bacillus anthracis caused the death of five cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on a farm in the gobabis district in namibia. the mode of infection was believed to be a freshly shot baboon (papio ursinus) with a cutaneous anthrax lesion.	1990	2388367
antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine.	the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ...	1991	1661784
lack of antibodies to coronaviruses in a captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) population.	cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 40) were tested by means of an immunofluorescent test (ift) for the presence of antibodies to the feline coronavirus group. all cheetahs tested negatively and this was further confirmed by virus serum neutralisation.	1991	1663166
rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species.	the potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to-excellent quality. one hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturati ...	1991	1805993
in vitro mitogen responses and lymphocyte subpopulations in cheetahs.	lack of genetic variability and apparent susceptibility of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) to coronavirus infection has lead to speculation that this species may have immune system deficits. to establish a foundation for evaluation of the immune function, cheetah peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) were stimulated by a panel of six mitogens, and responses compared with those of domestic cat pbm. individual responses in both species were variable, but evenly distributed throughout the ra ...	1991	1835214
persistent cutaneous ulcers associated with feline herpesvirus type 1 infection in a cheetah.	persistent cutaneous ulcers developed in a female cheetah cub after an episode of rhinotracheitis. when they were 3 weeks old, the cub and a male littermate developed mucopurulent oculonasal discharge consistent with feline herpesvirus type 1 infection (feline viral rhinotracheitis). the male cub was weaned and its lesions resolved. the female cub remained with the dam until the cub was 3 months old, at which time plaque-like lesions developed on the eye margins and muzzle. these plaques regress ...	1991	1851739
gastric spiral bacilli in captive cheetahs.	two kinds of gastric spiral bacilli were identified in the stomachs of captive cheetahs with naturally occurring gastritis. one type was morphologically similar to 'gastrospirillum hominis'. this organism could not be cultured in vitro. some of these bacteria had superficial helical filaments, and others did not. the other type was morphologically, biochemically, and bacteriologically similar to helicobacter pylori. this organism is most likely a new species of helicobacter. one or both of these ...	1991	1866593
fluctuating odontometric asymmetry, morphological variability, and genetic monomorphism in the cheetah acinonyx jubatus.	the magnitudes of dimensional variability and fluctuating asymmetry in dental dimensions are reported for a sample of south african cheetah acinonyx jubatus. to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of variability and asymmetry are associated with the increased developmental instability reported for this species, our results were contrasted to those for two other felids: felis lybica and f. caracal. these findings suggest that dental dimensions in cheetahs are not significantly more variable ...	1991	28564178
running energetics in the pronghorn antelope.	the pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) has an alleged top speed of 100 km h-1, second only to the cheetah (acionyx jubatus) among land vertebrates, a possible response to predation in the exposed habitat of the north american prairie. unlike cheetahs, however, pronghorn antelope are distance runners rather than sprinters, and can run 11 km in 10 min, an average speed of 65 km h-1. we measured maximum oxygen uptake in pronghorn antelope to distinguish between two potential explanations fo ...	1991	1944533
ivermectin treatment of ascarids in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).		1991	1957461
veno-occlusive disease in snow leopards (panthera uncia) from zoological parks.	livers from 54 snow leopards, 4 days to 23 years old, that had died in 23 us zoos, were evaluated histopathologically to determine if the hepatic fibrosis, which has been noted to be prevalent in this species, was due to chronic active hepatitis from hepadnaviral infection, ito cell proliferation, or hemosiderosis. forty-two of 54 snow leopards had subintimal vascular fibrosis with partial or total occlusion of central and sublobular veins (veno-occlusive disease) of unknown origin. all 21 leopa ...	1991	2017826
spongiform encephalopathy in an imported cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).		1992	1445084
decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) cubs.	blood was collected from captive cheetah cubs (acinonyx jubatus) from the ages of 4 to 12 wk and monitored for the decline in maternally derived antibodies to feline panleukopenia, herpes and calici viruses. a steady decrease was seen in most of the cubs. antibody responses to inactivated and/or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine also were measured. the strongest responses were seen post vaccination with mlv vaccine only.	1992	1312644
in vitro responses of cheetah mononuclear cells to feline herpesvirus-1 and cryptococcus neoformans.	in vitro t cell function by domestic cats and cheetahs to two common pathogens, feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and cryptococcus neoformans, was assessed. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) were stimulated with two strains of uv-inactivated fhv-1, whole heat-killed organisms or capsular antigen of cryptococcus neoformans, and proliferative responses measured. as a group, cheetah pbm responded significantly poorer than domestic cat pbm when cultured with fhv-1. however, individual cheetah resp ...	1992	1317618
retrovirus infections in non-domestic felids: serological studies and attempts to isolate a lentivirus.	an african lioness from the zoo of zurich had to be euthanized because of an inoperable tumor. the serum tested negative for feline leukemia virus (felv) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) but was strongly positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies by elisa and western blot. when her only offspring and mate were tested for fiv, high antibody titers to fiv were also found in their serum. lymphocytes were prepared from these two lions on different occasions a ...	1992	1337398
incidence of feline immunodeficiency virus reactive antibodies in free-ranging lions of the kruger national park and the etosha national park in southern africa detected by recombinant fiv p24 antigen.	lion sera from the kruger national park (knp) dating back to 1977 and from the etosha national park (enp), obtained from 1989 to 1991, have been analysed by elisa and western blot analyses using a genetically engineered antigen representing the p24 structural protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). it was concluded that some 83% of 98 knp lion sera reacted with the p24 antigen, while none of 28 enp lion sera reacted. a few other knp felids (cheetahs and genets) gave samples that did not ...	1992	1338477
worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects.	the natural occurrence of lentiviruses closely related to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in nondomestic felid species is shown here to be worldwide. cross-reactive antibodies to fiv were common in several free-ranging populations of large cats, including east african lions and cheetahs of the serengeti ecosystem and in puma (also called cougar or mountain lion) populations throughout north america. infectious puma lentivirus (plv) was isolated from several florida panthers, a severely endan ...	1992	1382145
correlation of sperm viability with gamete interaction and fertilization in vitro in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	sperm-oocyte interaction in vitro was studied in the cheetah, a species known to produce poor quality ejaculates and to experience low rates of fertility. twelve female cheetahs were injected (i.m.) with ecg followed by hcg 84 h later. twenty-four to 26 h post hcg, each was subjected to laparoscopic oocyte aspiration. a sperm motility index (smi) was calculated for each of 9 cheetah sperm donors that produced ejaculates averaging 41.3 +/- 22.9 x 10(6) motile sperm and 28.4 +/- 4.9% structurally ...	1992	1391303
lymphocyte blast transformation responses and restriction fragment length analysis in the cheetah.	an extensive genetic and physiological analysis of the cheetah by o'brien et al. (1983; 1985; 1987) indicated that the cheetah showed monomorphism at the major histocompatability complex. this led o'brien (1985) to propose that the cheetah suffered from an immunodeficiency and was highly susceptible to diseases. it was therefore decided to investigate cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and to apply the limited restriction fragment length analysis (using pst 1 and bam h1 enzymes) of the c ...	1993	7970577
measurements of faecal oestradiol and progesterone in non-pregnant and pregnant domestic and exotic cats.	faecal samples collected for variable periods from 12 animals and five species of cats were assayed for progesterone and oestradiol content by application of standard radioimmunoassays to aliquots (50 microliters) of methanol extracts (4 ml) of a mixture of 0.5 g sample, 0.5 ml water and 1 g aluminium oxide, following partitioning of the total extract with petroleum ether (3 ml), further dilution of assay aliquots and drying. recoveries averaged 100 and 72% for oestradiol and progesterone, respe ...	1993	8229917
animal models of bacterial gastritis: the role of host, bacterial species and duration of infection on severity of gastritis.	gastric bacteria from cheetahs with gastritis were used to inoculate specific-pathogen free kittens and conventional mice. helicobacter sp. and gastrospirillum sp. colonized kittens, while only gastrospirillum sp. colonized mice. in kittens, both bacterial species induced mild lymphofolliclar gastritis which did not change over the course of the 11 months observation period. in mice, gastrospirillum sp. induced lymphoplasmacytic and follicular gastritis which increased in severity over 6 months ...	1993	8280953
helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., isolated from cheetahs with gastritis.	four strains of a novel helicobacter species were isolated from the stomachs of cheetahs (acinonyx jubilatus) with gastritis. these isolates were phenotypically similar to helicobacter pylori. the isolates were gram-negative, spiral bacteria which grew under microaerophilic conditions at 37 degrees c, but not at 25 or 42 degrees c, and produced urease, catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. the isolates did not ferment glucose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, r ...	1993	8379970
epizootic gastritis associated with gastric spiral bacilli in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	an outbreak of vomiting in a group of captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) was investigated, and histologic examination revealed chronic gastritis characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and numerous plasma cells and epithelial erosions. lymphoid follicles, globule leukocytes, scattered neutrophils, and (in one animal) abscessed gastric glands were inconsistent findings. in addition, necropsy of three cheetahs revealed gastric mucosal hyperplasia. two kinds of bacteria were identified in the ...	1993	8442328
demonstration of parvovirus in diarrhoeic african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus schreber, 1775).	parvovirus was demonstrated in the intestinal content of diarrhoeic african cheetahs by electron microscopy. the virus was isolated in a feline kidney cell line inoculated with a filtrate of the intestinal content. its growth characteristics, cytopathic effect, agglutination of porcine erythrocytes, structure, and results of immunoelectron microscopic examination were indistinguishable from those of feline panleukopenia virus.	1993	8511841
dating the genetic bottleneck of the african cheetah.	the cheetah is unusual among fields in exhibiting near genetic uniformity at a variety of loci previously screened to measure population genetic diversity. it has been hypothesized that a demographic crash or population bottleneck in the recent history of the species is causal to the observed monomorphic profiles for nuclear coding loci. the timing of a bottleneck is difficult to assess, but certain aspects of the cheetah's natural history suggest it may have occurred near the end of the last ic ...	1993	8475057
the effect of proportion overlap and repeated testing on primed work fragment completion.	subjects studied a list of words (e.g., cheetah) and received an implicit word fragment completion test (complete -h-t-h). on the test, the ratio of studied to nonstudied items (proportion overlap) was 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100%. subjects were administered the identical test twice. proportion overlap did not affect priming in word fragment completion, on either the first or second test. also, the completion of studied and nonstudied fragments increased over repeated tests, but priming (the studied-n ...	1993	8481709
low mhc class ii variability in a marsupial.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci have been shown to be highly polymorphic in most eutherian ('placental') species studied. several hypotheses have been advanced for the maintenance of this exceptional level of genetic variation, one of which suggests that it is necessary for successful eutherian reproduction. marsupials (metatherians) and eutherians are the only two groups of viviparous mammals, but their modes of reproduction are quite distinct. although marsupials have placentae ...	1994	7624513
selection against inbred song sparrows during a natural population bottleneck.	the genetic and demographic consequences of population subdivision have received considerable attention from conservation biologists. in particular, losses of genetic variability and reduced viability and fecundity due to inbreeding (inbreeding depression) are of concern. studies of domestic, laboratory and zoo populations have shown inbreeding depression in a variety of traits related to fitness. consequently, inbreeding depression is widely accepted as a fact. recently, however, the relative i ...	1994	7969492
evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among african carnivores.	bluetongue is an international office of epizootics list a disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. bluetongue (blu) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of blu virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. we present evidence of natural blu virus infection among african carnivores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts ...	1994	7985748
isospora rivolta recovered from cheetahs.		1994	7745586
epidemiological observations on spongiform encephalopathies in captive wild animals in the british isles.	since 1986, scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in 19 captive wild animals of eight species at or from eight zoological collections in the british isles. the affected animals have comprised members of the family bovidae: one nyala (tragelaphus angasi), four eland (taurotragus oryx), and six greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), one gemsbok (oryx gazella), one arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), and one scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), and members of the family felidae: four ...	1994	7817514
comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces.	noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. using the domestic cat (felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14c]estradiol (e2) and [14c]progesterone (p4) were determined. within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered e2 and p4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. e2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme-hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). p4 was excreted ...	1994	7819459
a role for molecular genetics in biological conservation.	the recognition of recent accelerated depletion of species as a consequence of human industrial development has spawned a wide interest in identifying threats to endangered species. in addition to ecological and demographic perils, it has become clear that small populations that narrowly survive demographic contraction may undergo close inbreeding, genetic drift, and loss of overall genomic variation due to allelic loss or reduction to homozygosity. i review here the consequences of such genetic ...	1994	7912434
molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12s rna and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of felidae.	dna sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial dna genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 17 felidae species, notably 15 in the previously described pantherine lineage. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to generate sequences of 358 base pairs of the mitochondrial 12s rna gene and 289 base pairs of the cytochrome b protein coding gene. dna sequences were compared within and between 17 felid and five nonfelid carnivore species. evolutionary trees were constructed using ...	1995	7544865
genetic evidence for host specificity in the adhesin-encoding genes hxaa of helicobacter acinonyx, hnaa of h. nemestrinae and hpaa of h. pylori.	gastric and non-gastric species of helicobacter were examined for the presence of the adhesin-encoding gene, hpaa, from the human-associated gastric helicobacter h. pylori (hp), and for adhesin subunit protein hpaa. amplification of a 375-bp internal dna fragment of hpaa by pcr demonstrated the presence of the gene in hp and in two closely related gastric helicobacters, h. nemestrinae (hn) and h. acinonyx (hx), but not in the more distantly related h. felis (hf) and h. mustelae (hm). the non-gas ...	1995	7557486