Publications

[behavior studies on grant gazelles (gazella granti brooke, 1872) in the ngorongoro crater].		1965	5890863
a comparison of sweat gland activity in eight species of east african bovids.	1. the pattern and control of the sweat glands of eight species of wild bovids has been studied.2. heat exposure resulted in changes in cutaneous moisture loss which showed considerable species variation. duiker, grant's gazelle, thomson's gazelle and oryx all demonstrated periodic discharges of moisture on to the surface of the skin. defassa waterbuck and eland exhibited discharges which were accompanied by a gradual rise in basal level. buffalo showed an immediate large increase which was sust ...	1969	5821863
social grouping in grant's gazelle (gazella granti brooke 1827) in the serengeti national park.		1972	4650796
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260
[contribution to life-cycle of sarcosporidia in the grant's gazelle].	we have been able to observ macro- and microscopically sarcosporidial cysts in the muscles of a grant's gazelle. dogs and cats fed with these cysts shed oocysts and sporocysts in their feces, indicating that they both are the final hosts of the sarcosporidia in grants' gazelle.	1976	816103
the prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (mycoplasma strain f38) in some wild herbivores and camels in kenya.	sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to mycoplasma strain f38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) in kenya. antibodies were found in buffalo (syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (aepyceros melampus) (10%) and camels (camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), eland (taurotragus oryx), grant's gazelle (gazella granti), kongoni (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (oryx beisa), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (kobu ...	1978	691121
use of δ(13)c values to determine vegetation selectivity in east african herbivores.	the quantitative plant species composition of the rumen contents of a large number of individuals from eight east african herbivores was determined by direct visual analysis. all plant species were classified as either c3 or c4, and an estimated δ13c for the rumen sample was calculated. this estimated value was compared to a measured value determined directly from rumen subsample. the two methods of determining quantitative c3 and c4 composition differed by less than 1%, and the isotopic analysi ...	1979	28309221
detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals.	fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (addax nasomaculatus), nyala (tragelaphus angasi), saiga (saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsice ...	1983	6315660
basic haematological values in antelopes--iii. the reduncinae and the antelopinae.	basic haematological values were measured in 50 individuals of five species falling under the subfamily reduncinae, including the mountain reedbuck (reduncula fulvorufula), the eastern waterback (kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus), the defassa waterbuck (kobus ellipsipyrmnus defassa), the lechwe waterbuck (kobus leche) and the lady gray's waterbuck (kobus megaceros) and in 45 animals of three species of the subfamily antelopinae, including the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), the grant's ga ...	1984	6149055
effects of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin on neutrophils from white-tailed deer and several exotic ruminant species.	pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin is a pore-forming cytolysin which acts as a virulence factor in pasteurellosis of domestic ruminants. leukocytes from cattle, sheep and goats are susceptible to leukotoxin-induced lysis; however, leukocytes from non-ruminant species so far tested are resistant to leukotoxin-induced lysis. neutrophils obtained from three white-tailed deer, four saiga antelope, an addra gazelle, a grant's gazelle and a sable antelope were tested for susceptibility to the lytic ef ...	1990	2382402
haematological reference values for east african wild ungulates.	basic haematological values were obtained in the field from shot, clinically normal, wild east african ungulates. the species studied were: thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii), grant's gazelle (gazella grantii), blue wildebeest (conochaetes taurinus), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokii), impala (aepyceros melampus) and burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). red cell parameters compared well with previous reports although the mean cell haemoglobin concentrations were higher. the white ...	1993	8460271
[ultrastructural organization of the hepatoid gland epithelium in phillip's dik dik, madoqua phillipsi, and grant's gazelle (artiodactyla, bovidae].		1996	8744159
extreme genetic differences among populations of gazella granti, grant's gazelle in kenya.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences from six kenyan grant's gazelle (gazella granti) populations were highly divergent among locations. neighbouring populations not separated by geographical or vegetational barriers exhibited and nucleotide sequence divergence about 14 per cent. a similar level of divergence separates grant's gazelles from a closely related species, the soemmering's gazelle (g. soemmeringii). nuclear microsatellite repeat number variation at two loci also indicate ...	1996	8666544
impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central kenya.	the impacts of ungulates on small mammals in an east african savanna habitat were investigated by monitoring the population and community responses of small mammals on replicated 4-ha plots from which ungulates had been excluded. the dominant small mammal in this habitat is the pouched mouse, saccostomusmearnsi, a medium-sized murid rodent. eight other small mammal species, including arvicanthis sp., mus sp., mastomys sp., dendromus sp., crocidura sp., and, rarely, tatera sp., aethomys sp., and ...	1998	28308070
anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera.	constitutive anti-trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei s 427 clone 1 and 22 activities were evaluated in sera from 22 species of nonprimate mammals. the sera fell into 5 categories. sera from cape buffalo, giraffe, and greater kudu showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of replication of the 2 clones of organisms, which was dependent on the presence of xanthine oxidase. sera from warthog and springbok also severely limited trypanosome replication but lacked xanthine oxidase. their antitrypanoso ...	1999	10207362
influence of diet on the rumen protozoal fauna of indigenous african wild ruminants.	a study was carried out to determine if the protozoal fauna of indigenous african wild ruminants was different from that found in their domestic counterparts and if the animal's diet influenced the number and types of protozoa. samples of rumen contents were collected in 1997 and 2001 from various indigenous african wild ruminants in kenya. all three ruminant feeding types were sampled: browsers or concentrate selectors (giraffe and guenther's dik-dik); intermediate or adaptable mixed feeders (i ...	2003	12836880
phylogenetic analysis of the microbial populations in the wild herbivore gastrointestinal tract: insights into an unexplored niche.	at present, there is little information on the phylogenetic diversity of microbial species that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of wildlife. to increase understanding in this area, we initiated a characterization of the bacterial diversity in the digestive tracts of three wild african ruminant species namely eland (taurotragus oryx), thompson's gazelle (gazella rufifrons) and grant's gazelle (gazella granti), together with a domesticated ruminant species, zebu cattle (bos indicus), and a non ...	2003	14641599
interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids.	in this study, i explored the interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism in wild bovids by examining temporal patterns of nematode faecal egg shedding in species with different diet types during a drought and non-drought year. study species included three grass and roughage feeders (buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck), four mixed or intermediate feeders (eland, grant's gazelle, impala, thomson's gazelle) and two concentrate selectors (dik-dik, klipspringer). six ...	2004	15013743
effects of dehydration and heat stress on food intake and dry matter digestibility in east african ruminants.	comparative investigations were made between wild and domestic ruminants from arid and semi-arid regions and those species from non-arid areas in an attempt to evaluate the adaptations of these ruminants in terms of the effects of heat stress and dehydration on food intake and digestibility. the effect of (a) an intermittent heat load (a daily light cycle of 12 h at 22 degrees c and 12 h at 40 degrees c) compared to 22 degrees c throughout the day and (b) dehydration level of 15% weight loss, wi ...	2008	18644247
detection of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife and domestic species in wildlife-livestock interface areas of kenya by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the seroprevalence of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife (eland, blue wildebeest, kongoni, impala, thomson's gazelle, grant's gazelle, giraffe and plains zebra) and domestic animal (cattle, sheep and goat) populations was studied in wildlife/livestock interface areas of kenya. serum samples were analyzed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa), using a recombinant antigen (msp-5) from anaplasma marginale surface membrane. a monoclonal antibody, fc-16, was used as the ...	2008	19040134
retrospective evaluation of idiopathic hematuria and associated pathology in grant's gazelles (gazella granti): 10 cases.	ten cases of hematuria in grant's gazelle (gazella granti) (two male and eight female) from five institutions were examined and the clinicopathologic data summarized. five gazelles died spontaneously and five were euthanized. all gazelles had marked hematuria without pyuria. mean age at the onset of clinical signs and time of euthanasia or death was 5.0 +/- 1.4 yr and 8.2 +/- 3.7 yr, respectively. the severity of clinical signs with hematuria ranged from episodes of chronic intermittent hematuri ...	2009	20063809
osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton of gazelles, genus gazella blainville 1816, bohor reedbuck, redunca redunca (pallas, 1767) and bushbuck, tragelaphus scriptus (pallas, 1766).	examined the osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton of grant's gazelle (gazella granti), bohor reedbuck (redunca redunca) and bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus). osseous remains of these medium sized antelopes are often encountered in african late quaternary archaeological sites, but their specific identification poses considerable problems to the archaeozoologist. a key has been developed to meet this recurrent problem and a number of diagnostic osteomorphological features, allow ...	2009	2757242
body size and the division of niche space: food and predation differentially shape the distribution of serengeti grazers.	1. theory predicts that small grazers are regulated by the digestive quality of grass, while large grazers extract sufficient nutrients from low-quality forage and are regulated by its abundance instead. in addition, predation potentially affects populations of small grazers more than large grazers, because predators have difficulty capturing and handling large prey. 2. we analyse the spatial distribution of five grazer species of different body size in relation to gradients of food availability ...	2011	21801174
enough is enough: the effects of symbiotic ant abundance on herbivory, growth, and reproduction in an african acacia.	understanding how cooperative interactions evolve and persist remains a central challenge in biology. many mutualisms are thought to be maintained by "partner fidelity feedback," in which each partner bases their investment on the benefits they receive. yet, we know little about how benefits change as mutualists vary their investment, which is critical to understanding the balance between mutualism and antagonism in any given partnership. using an obligate ant-plant mutualism, we manipulated the ...	2013	23687894
identification of novel theileria genotypes from grant's gazelle.	blood samples collected from grant's gazelles (nanger granti) in kenya were screened for hemoparasites using a combination of microscopic and molecular techniques. all 69 blood smears examined by microscopy were positive for hemoparasites. in addition, theileria/babesia dna was detected in all 65 samples screened by pcr for a ~450-base pair fragment of the v4 hypervariable region of the 18s rrna gene. sequencing and blast analysis of a subset of pcr amplicons revealed widespread co-infection (25 ...	2015	25973394
climate and the landscape of fear in an african savanna.	herbivores frequently have to make trade-offs between two basic needs: the need to acquire forage and the need to avoid predation. one manifestation of this trade-off is the 'landscape of fear' phenomenon - wherein herbivores avoid areas of high perceived predation risk even if forage is abundant or of high quality in those areas. although this phenomenon is well established among invertebrates, its applicability to terrestrial large herbivores remains debated, in part because experimental evide ...	2015	24942250
retrospective evaluation of histopathologic findings in captive gazelle species.	capturing disease trends among different species has indisputable value to both veterinary clinicians and zoo managers for improving the welfare and management of zoo species. the causes of mortality for eight species of gazelle (addra gazelle, nanger dama; dorcas gazelle, gazella dorcas; grant's gazelle, nanger granti; sand gazelle, gazella leptoceros; saudi goitered gazelle, gazella subgutturosa; soemmerring's gazelle, nanger soemmerringii; thomson's gazelle, eudorcas thomsonii; and speke's ga ...	2016	27010271
limited sharing of tick-borne hemoparasites between sympatric wild and domestic ungulates.	tick-borne hemoparasites (tbhs) are a group of pathogens of concern in animal management because they are associated with a diversity of hosts, including both wild and domestic species. however, little is known about how frequently tbhs are shared across the wildlife-livestock interface in natural settings. here, we compared the tbhs of wild grant's gazelle (nanger granti) and domestic sheep (ovis aries) in a region of kenya where these species extensively overlap. blood samples collected from e ...	2016	27514903
reciprocal relationships between behaviour and parasites suggest that negative feedback may drive flexibility in male reproductive behaviour.	parasites are ubiquitous components of the environment that contribute to behavioural and life-history variation among hosts. although it is well known that host behaviour can affect parasite infection risk and that parasites can alter host behaviour, the potential for dynamic feedback between these processes is poorly characterized. using grant's gazelle (nanger granti) as a model, we tested for reciprocal effects of behaviour on parasites and parasites on behaviour to understand whether behavi ...	2016	27194703
wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya.	wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ...	2017	28103269
social living simultaneously increases infection risk and decreases the cost of infection.	elevated parasite infection risk is considered to be a near-universal cost of social living. however, living in groups may also provide benefits that reduce the negative impacts of infection. these potential 'tolerance' benefits of living socially are theoretically possible, but have rarely been described. in this study, we used an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild grant's gazelles (nanger granti), who are commonly infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (gin), to show that social livin ...	2018	30487314
infection dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths in sympatric non-human primates, livestock and wild ruminants in kenya.	gastrointestinal parasites are neglected infections, yet they cause significant burden to animal and human health globally. to date, most studies of gastrointestinal parasites focus on host-parasite systems that involve either a single parasite or a host species. however, when hosts share habitat and resources, they may also cross-transmit generalist gastrointestinal parasites. here we explore multi-host-parasite interactions in a single ecosystem to understand the infection patterns, especially ...	2019	31181093
long-term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area.	facilitating coexistence between people and wildlife is a major conservation challenge in east africa. some conservation models aim to balance the needs of people and wildlife, but the effectiveness of these models is rarely assessed. using a case-study approach, we assessed the ecological performance of a pastoral area in northern tanzania (manyara ranch) and established a long-term wildlife population monitoring program (carried out intermittently from 2003 to 2008 and regularly from 2011 to 2 ...	2020	33005359
multiple dimensions of dietary diversity in large mammalian herbivores.	theory predicts that trophic specialization (i.e. low dietary diversity) should make consumer populations sensitive to environmental disturbances. yet diagnosing specialization is complicated both by the difficulty of precisely quantifying diet composition and by definitional ambiguity: what makes a diet 'diverse'? we sought to characterize the relationship between taxonomic dietary diversity (tdd) and phylogenetic dietary diversity (pdd) in a species-rich community of large mammalian herbivores ...	2020	32163591
a review of the current status of peste des petits ruminants epidemiology in small ruminants in tanzania.	peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats with high mortality. the disease is of considerable economic importance in countries such as tanzania, where small ruminant products are important for sustainable livelihoods. this review assesses current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of pprv in tanzania, highlighting the challenges with respect to control and suggesting possible interventions. thirty-three articles were identified after literature se ...	2020	33324702
rainfall as a driver of seasonality in parasitism.	parasite burdens are known to vary seasonally in wildlife, and rainfall is one key aspect of seasonality that has been linked to parasitism in a range of systems. rainfall can have immediate effects on parasitism rates by affecting parasite survival and movement in the environment, or it can have delayed effects by affecting host susceptibility to parasites through changes in host body condition or immune function. in this study, we examined how helminth infection in a wild ungulate (grant's gaz ...	2020	32346510
peste des petits ruminants virus infection at the wildlife-livestock interface in the greater serengeti ecosystem, 2015-2019.	peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in africa, the middle east and asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to ppr virus (pprv) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. the role of wild species in pprv epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the global strategy for the control and eradication of ppr. these studies aimed to investigate pprv inf ...	2021	34066336