Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [demonstration of a herpesvirus in amazon parrots (amazona aestiva and a. ochrocephala)]. | 1980 | 6255709 | |
| avian pox in blue-fronted amazon parrots. | during a 1-month period at a quarantine station, an epornitic of avian pox occurred in blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). clinical signs included conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and varying degrees of anorexia and respiratory distress. lesions included periocular ulcerations and scabs and necrotic plaques in the oral cavity. histologically, the lesions consisted of epithelial hyperplasia, secondary inflammatory changes, and eosinophilic inclusions which, by electron microscopy, were sho ... | 1981 | 6276348 |
| an outbreak of ocular disease caused by staphylococcal infection in amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) imported into japan. | 1981 | 7289341 | |
| herpesviruses and newcastle disease viruses in white storks (ciconia ciconia). | three herpesviruses were isolated from white storks (ciconia ciconia). all isolates reacted in cross-neutralisation tests with homologous antisera and with sera prepared against a herpesvirus from a black stork (ciconia nigra). these data indicate serologic relatedness of the herpesviruses from both stork species. antisera prepared against herpesviruses from the domestic chicken (viruses of marek's disease and infectious laryngotracheitis), turkey, duck and pigeon as well as from the blue-fronte ... | 1983 | 18766791 |
| endocrine responses of healthy parrots to acth and thyroid stimulating hormone. | effects of exogenous acth on plasma corticosterone and cortisol concentrations and the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) on plasma triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) were determined in the following 3 species of parrots: red-lored amazon (group 1), blue-fronted amazon (group 2), and african gray (group 3). each bird was given acth (0.125 mg/bird) im, except for 3 to 4 birds in each group, which were given saline solution (controls). blood samples were collected before and 90 min ... | 1985 | 3000998 |
| catarrhal proventriculitis associated with a filamentous organism in pet birds. | catarrhal proventriculitis due to infection by an unidentified organism was diagnosed in 79 of 534 pet birds examined histologically. it was more prevalent in domestic birds (70 cases) than in imported ones (9 cases). a high incidence of the disease was encountered in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and it was occasionally found in finches (poephila gouldiae gouldiae), parakeets (psittacula krameri manillensis), amazona parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva) and cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicu ... | 1992 | 1297007 |
| histopathological survey of protozoa, helminths and acarids of imported and local psittacine and passerine birds in japan. | a total of 534 psittacine and passerine birds consisting of 241 imported and 293 local birds were examined histologically. as a result, the following parasites were found: giardia (86 cases), knemido-coptes (26 cases), coccidia (10 cases), ascaridia (6 cases), cryptosporidium (5 cases), sarcocystis (5 cases), tapeworm (4 cases), microfilaria (2 cases), hexamita (1 case), and spiroptera (1 case). high incidences of giardiasis and knemido-coptic infestation were detected in the local birds, but ra ... | 1992 | 1297009 |
| isolation and identification of psittacid herpesvirus 1 from imported psittacines in south africa. | acute deaths occurred in 47 out of a total of 131 imported psittacine birds whilst in quarantine. few and non-specific clinical signs were seen during the course of the disease outbreak, but gross pathology revealed severe hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. a herpes virus was isolated from liver and spleen material taken from 2 birds, an amazon (amazona aestiva aestiva) and a yellow-collared macaw (ara auricollis). identification procedures included virus neutralisation tests carried out in chicken ... | 1992 | 1323676 |
| eye lesions in pet birds. | amongst eye lesions in birds that died in quarantine, cataracts were the most common disorders (37/241, 15.4%), being prevalent in the annular pads of cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus), amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva) and budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus). the incidence in male birds was more than twice that in females. deposition of crystals, mostly in the cornea, was the second most frequent lesion (21/293, 8.7%), mainly found in cockatiels, parakeets (psittacula krameri manillen ... | 1993 | 18671000 |
| effects of mydriatic agents in cockatoos, african gray parrots, and blue-fronted amazon parrots. | to compare, in psittacines, the mydriatic effects of several topically applied curariform, sympathomimetic, and parasympatholytic drugs with and without the addition of surface-acting penetrating agents. | 1996 | 8567377 |
| radiographic diagnosis--granulomatous pneumonia with intralesional acid-fast bacilli in an amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | 1998 | 9634183 | |
| production of a rabbit anti-cockatiel immunoglobulin g and characterization of its cross-reactivities with immunoglobulin g of other psittacine species. | the purpose of this work was to produce rabbit anti-cockatiel immunoglobulin g (igg) and compare its cross-reactivity with sera from eight other psittacine birds: quaker parakeet, budgerigar, green-wing macaw, blue-fronted amazon parrot, eclectus parrot, african grey parrot, patagonian conure, moluccan cockatoo. cockatiel igg did not bind to protein a or g; therefore, these proteins could not be used in column chromatography to isolate the igg. a combination of serum igg precipitation by ammoniu ... | 1999 | 10216759 |
| a dermoid of the eye in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | a corneo-conjunctival dermoid is reported in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). after laminar keratectomy, histology showed the epidermis with feather follicles and dermal connective tissue with lymph follicles and sebaceous glands. | 1999 | 11397255 |
| [representation of the nerves of the wing of psittacines (amazon, gray parrot} using a digital photographic technique]. | in four blue-fronted amazon and five african grey parrots, the nerves innervating the muscles of the wings were carefully dissected and described. the preparation steps were recorded with a digital camera. this technique has now advanced so far that the image quality is almost the same as that of a normal camera. the pictures are stored in a computer. they can be enhanced and published via the internet. | 2000 | 11008366 |
| insufficiency of the muscular atrioventricular valve in the heart of a blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva aestiva). | 2001 | 11354649 | |
| validation of a novel high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay procedure for measurement of total thyroxine concentration in psittacine birds and snakes. | to validate a novel high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay (ria) procedure developed to accurately measure the relatively low serum total thyroxine (t4) concentrations of birds and reptiles and to establish initial reference ranges fort4 concentration in selected species of psittacine birds and snakes. | 2001 | 11703019 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a canary (serinus canana l.) and a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona amazona aestiva). | i report two cases of mycobacteriosis in pet birds due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and discuss the zoonotic implications. the canary with a tuberculous knot in the lung is the first description of m. tuberculosis in a nonpsittacine bird species. | 2002 | 12061666 |
| radiography and image-intensified fluoroscopy of barium passage through the gastrointestinal tract in six healthy amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). | gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed in six clinically healthy blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) using radiography and image-intensified fluoroscopy. during examination, the birds were confined in a perspex cage. the quality of the lateral radiographs was adequate for assessment of the contrast medium-filled gastrointestinal tract. thirty minutes after administration of 20 ml/kg of a 25% barium sulphate suspension directly in the crop, in all birds the ventriculus was tot ... | 2003 | 12620049 |
| systemic candidosis and concomitant aspergillosis and zygomycosis in two amazon parakeets (amazona aestiva). | systemic candidosis and concomitant aspergillosis and zygomycosis were diagnosed immunohistochemically in two amazon parakeets (amazona aestiva). in the bird with systemic candidosis, subacute necrotic lesions were present in the lung and the gastrointestinal tract, whereas chronic giant cell-containing granulomas were located in the liver, heart, spleen and on the serosal lining of the small intestine. although the lesions in the liver, heart and spleen most likely developed as a result of haem ... | 2003 | 9861835 |
| basal cell carcinoma in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | tumors of the integumentary system are relatively common in companion birds. dermal tumors in pet birds can be epithelial, mesenchymal, or vascular in origin. basal cell carcinomas appear to be extremely rare in birds. an adult female blue-fronted amazon parrot was examined because it exhibited bilateral cervical masses that extended from the base of the skull to the ingluvial region. the tumors were removed by surgical excision. microscopic examination of the masses revealed neoplastic epitheli ... | 2003 | 9356728 |
| carotenoid pigments and the selectivity of psittacofulvin-based coloration systems in parrots. | carotenoid pigments are commonly used as colorants of feathers and bare parts by birds. however, parrots (aves: psittaciformes) use a novel class of plumage pigments (called psittacofulvins) that, like carotenoids, are lipid-soluble and red, orange, or yellow in color. to begin to understand how and why parrots use these pigments and not carotenoids in their feathers, we must first describe the distribution of these two types of pigments in the diet, tissues, and fluids of these birds. here, we ... | 2004 | 15253871 |
| cholangiocarcinoma in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona estiva). | a case of cholangiocarcinoma in a 3-year-old blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona estiva) is reported. neoplastic tissue was limited to the liver, where it infiltrated and replaced much of the hepatic parenchyma. the only other reported cases of cholangiocarcinoma in an amazon parrot (amazona xanthops) also occurred in a bird in its fourth year of age. | 2004 | 2848489 |
| an outbreak of chlamydiosis in captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) in brazil. | fifty-eight blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) nestlings, recovered from the illegal trade, became ill at a wildlife rehabilitation center in são paulo state, brazil. clinical signs observed were nonspecific, and the mortality rate was 96.5% despite initial treatment with norfloxacin. postmortem examinations were performed on 10 birds. liver and spleen smears showed structures suggestive of chlamydophila psittaci in four cases. diagnosis was confirmed by seminested polymerase chain rea ... | 2004 | 15193081 |
| extensive consumption of tabebuia aurea (manso) benth. & hook. (bignoniaceae) nectar by parrots in a tecoma savanna in the southern pantanal (brazil). | neotropical parrots forage for various food items such as seeds, fruit pulp, flowers, young leaves, and even arthropods. while foraging, many species wander over large areas that include both open and closed habitats. in this study, i examined parrot foraging activity during a brief synchronous and massive flowering in august 1998 in a tecoma savanna (dominated by tabebuia aurea) in the southern pantanal. six parrot species, ranging from the small brotogeris chiriri to the large amazona aestiva, ... | 2005 | 16097737 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging and captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | bolivia has a total of 47 species of psittacidae, seven of which have been identified in our study site, the semiarid gran chaco of the isoso. one species, the blue-fronted parrot (amazona aestiva), is frequently captured by local isoseño guaraní indians for exploitation on the national and international market. these birds are often temporarily housed in small villages under unhygienic conditions with poultry and other domestic species. on occasion, these parrots escape back to the wild. additi ... | 2005 | 17312715 |
| [pilot study of echocardiographic studies using color- and pulsed-wave spectral doppler methods in blue-crowned amazons (amazona ventralis) and blue-fronted amazons (amazona a. aestiva)]. | colour-flow and pulsed-wave spectral doppler echocardiography was performed on 6 healthy, adult hispaniolan amazon parrots (amazona ventralis) and 6 blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona a. aestiva) to establish normal reference values. birds were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. an electrocardiogram was recorded continuously and birds were imaged with a micro-phased-array scanner with a frequency of 7.0 mhz. after assessment of cardiac function in 2-d-echoc ... | 2005 | 15787312 |
| effect of age on seed digestion in parrots (amazona aestiva). | the objective of this study was to compare the capacity of adult (more than 3 yr old) and young (less than 1 yr old) true parrots to digest seeds that are normally included in their diet in captivity, particularly soybean, sunflower, and corn. all the seeds were offered for 5 d with an interval of 15 d between different diets. the seeds of soybean and corn were boiled for 15 min and soaked in water at ambient temperature for 12 h before being fed to the birds. there were no differences in the di ... | 2006 | 11331512 |
| increasing incidence of megabacteriosis in canaries (serinus canarius domesticus). | a total of 312 post-mortem examinations of 178 canaries (serinus canarius domesticus), 40 parakeets (melopsittacus undulatus, nymphicus hollandicus) and 94 parrots (amazona aestiva, psitaccus erithacus) were conducted at the birds and rabbits service of the university of liège, belgium. after a detailed gross examination, tissue samples were collected for virological and/or bacteriological and/or parasitological examination to complete the diagnosis. in all cases, a microscopic examination of th ... | 2006 | 16140025 |
| chlamydophila psittaci in free-living blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) and hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) in the pantanal of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | chlamydophila psittaci (c. psittaci) infection was evaluated in 77 free-living nestlings of blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) and hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) in the pantanal of mato grosso do sul, brazil. tracheal and cloacal swab samples from 32 wild parrot and 45 macaw nestlings were submitted to semi-nested pcr, while serum samples were submitted to complement fixation test (cft). although all 32 amazon parrot serum samples were negative by cft, cloacal swabs from ... | 2006 | 16893616 |
| chronic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva aestiva). | a 30-yr-old blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazon aestiva aestiva) was presented to the clinic with a history of sneezing more often during the last 2 mo. physical examination revealed only a mild nasal discharge. complete hematologic and plasma biochemical examination showed no abnormalities. computerized tomography (ct) of the complete bird showed generalized lung alterations consistent with lung fibrosis. two lung biopsies were taken. the results of the histologic examination of the biopsies con ... | 2007 | 17461284 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva aestiva). | 2007 | 17482386 | |
| genetic variability in three amazon parrot species. | parrots of the genus amazona are among the most threatened species of the order pscittaciformes. this work describes allozyme polymorphisms in three amazon parrot species--the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva), the orange-winged amazon (amazona amazonica), and the festive amazon (amazona festiva) -, and provides useful data for the evaluation of their genetic variability. we electrophoretically analyzed blood samples from 68 wild-caught individuals, maintained in captivity in three brazilian ... | 2007 | 18278355 |
| [detection of psittacid herpesvirus 1 in amazon parrots with cloacal papilloma (internal papillomatosis of parrots, ipp) in an aviary of different psittacine species]. | amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva;amazona ochrocephala, n=6) from an aviary with different psittacine species (n=100) were submitted to the clinic for pet animals, reptiles, pet- and wild birds with the clinical picture ofa cloacal prolaps. the cloacal mucosa showed papillomas, and internal papillomatosis of parrots (ipp) was suspected. hepatomegaly was detected in the radiographs of the clinically diseased amazon parrots, indicating the involvement of the liver in the disease process. the ... | 2008 | 19113029 |
| population genetic structure of the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva, psittacidae: aves) based on nuclear microsatellite loci: implications for conservation. | the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) is a widely distributed neotropical parrot and one of the most captured parrots in nature to supply the illegal trade of wild animals. the objectives of the present study were to analyze the genetic structure of a. aestiva to identify management units and support conservation planning and to verified if a. aestiva populations have undergone a recent bottleneck due to habitat loss and capture for the pet trade. the genetic structure was accessed by analyz ... | 2008 | 18949701 |
| learning generalization in problem solving by a blue-fronted parrot (amazona aestiva). | pepperberg (the alex studies: cognitive and communicative abilities of gray parrots. harvard university press, cambridge;1999) showed that some of the complex cognitive capabilities found in primates are also present in psittacine birds. through the replication of an experiment performed with cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus oedipus) by hauser et al. (anim behav 57:565-582; 1999), we examined a blue-fronted parrot's (amazona aestiva) ability to generalize the solution of a particular proble ... | 2008 | 18575906 |
| protein requirements for blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) growth. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the protein requirements for hand-rearing blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). forty hatchlings were fed semi-purified diets containing one of four (as-fed basis) protein levels: 13%, 18%, 23% and 28%. the experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with the initial weight of the nestling as the blocking factor and 10 parrots per protein level. regression analysis was used to determine relationships between protein level and biome ... | 2008 | 18477318 |
| first finding of melanic sylvatic triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) colonies in the argentine chaco. | triatoma infestans (klug), the most important vector of chagas disease in southern south america, is a highly domiciliated species with well-known sylvatic foci only in the bolivian andean valleys and in the bolivian chaco, where melanic insects designated as "dark morphs" were found. after the tentative identification of two melanic bugs collected from parrot nests in a forest reserve in the argentine chaco as t. infestans, we conducted an intensive search there using mouse-baited sticky traps ... | 2009 | 19769054 |
| avian malaria in captive psittacine birds: detection by microscopy and 18s rrna gene amplification. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the occurrence of malaria infection among captive psittacine birds (n=127) from three zoological gardens in brazil. malaria infection was evaluated by the association of direct examination of blood smears with amplification of the 18ssu rrna gene of the plasmodium genus, demonstrating an overall occurrence of 36%. most infected bird species were amazona aestiva (28/73), ara ararauna (6/10), and amazona amazonica (3/10). the low parasitemias obse ... | 2009 | 18937986 |
| means to an end: neotropical parrots manage to pull strings to meet their goals. | although parrots share with corvids and primates many of the traits believed to be associated with advanced cognitive processing, knowledge of parrot cognition is still limited to a few species, none of which are neotropical. here we examine the ability of three neotropical parrot species (blue-fronted amazons, hyacinth and lear's macaws) to spontaneously solve a novel physical problem: the string-pulling test. the ability to pull up a string to obtain out-of-reach food has been often considered ... | 2009 | 18766389 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | avian salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus salmonella that can cause three distinct diseases in birds: pullorum diseases, fowl typhoid, and paratyphoid infection. various wildlife species are susceptible to infections by salmonella, regardless of whether they live in captivity or freely in the wild. the present study verified the presence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in three captive specimens of amazona aestiva. the study involved a total of 103 birds undergo ... | 2010 | 20408416 |
| cloacolith in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | a 4-year-old blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) was admitted for vocalization secondary to constipation. saline infusion cloacoscopy revealed the presence of a 2-cm-diameter cloacolith within the coprodeum that was obstructing the rectal opening. the cloacolith was fragmented with a pair of biopsy forceps and the pieces removed. the cloacolith was subsequently analyzed and was composed of 100% uric acid salts. the bird improved completely and was able to defecate normally after the pro ... | 2010 | 20806660 |
| b-mode ultrasonography biometry of the amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) eye. | ultrasonographic evaluation of the eye is a relatively recent addition to routine ophthalmic diagnostics in small animal ophthalmology. some parameters for ophthalmic biometry have been established. there are few studies in clinical avian ophthalmology that describe ultrasound images of eye in some nocturnal avian species and in other birds that do not belong to the brazilian fauna, but the psittacine family is not represented. the purpose of this study was to describe the following measurements ... | 2010 | 20840087 |
| impacts of animal traffic on the brazilian amazon parrots (amazona species) collection of the quinzinho de barros municipal zoological park, brazil, 1986-2007. | eleven species of amazon parrots (genus amazona) are known to occur in brazil, and nest poaching and illegal traffic pose serious conservation threats to these species. when the illegal owners realize these animals are incompatible with their expectations and lifestyle, or when the police arrests traders and owners, these trafficked animals are often considered unfit for release and sent to local zoos and captive breeders. a retrospective survey of animal and necropsy records from 1986 to 2007 w ... | 2011 | 20069544 |
| attempted semen collection using the massage technique in blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva). | the purpose of this study was to establish a technique for collecting semen from blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva) and to evaluate the samples that were collected. the massage method is the most common technique used to collect semen in birds and has been proven successful in several psittacine species; however, collection attempts in larger parrots have been unsatisfactory. six blue-fronted amazon parrot males, 3 paired with hens and 3 unpaired, were used in this study. the ... | 2011 | 21657181 |
| a new eimerian species (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the blue-fronted amazon parrot amazona aestiva l. (aves: psittacidae) in brazil. | the neotropical psittacine species amazona aestiva, commonly known as the blue-fronted amazon, is one of the most common and best-known psittacine birds kept as a pet worldwide. however, very little is known about the diseases or parasites of these birds. in this study, we describe a new species, eimeria aestivae, associated with these parrots. the new species is characterized by: ovoid smooth oocysts (n = 60), 36.8 (33.2-41.5) × 23.7 (21.7-25.7) µm, length/width ratio = 1.55; polar granule ... | 2011 | 21612420 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) was presented with a granuloma involving the proximal rhinotheca and extending into the rostral sinuses. mycobacterium marinum was diagnosed based on results of biopsy and culture. treatment was initiated with clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol, but the bird died 4 months after the onset of antimicrobial therapy. additional granulomas were found in the left lung and liver on postmortem examination. mycobacterial isolation on postmortem samples ... | 2012 | 23409436 |
| a survey for escherichia coli virulence factors in asymptomatic free-ranging parrots. | parrots in captivity are frequently affected by escherichia coli (e. coli) infections. the objective of this study was to collect information on the carrier state for e. coli pathotypes in asymptomatic free-ranging parrots. cloacal swabs were collected from nestlings of hyacinth, lear's macaws and blue-fronted amazon parrots and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for virulence factors commonly found in enteropathogenic, avian pathogenic, and uropathogenic e. coli strains. in total, 44 sam ... | 2012 | 23738135 |
| osteoma in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. to our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted amazon parrot. osteoma should be considered as a diffe ... | 2013 | 24344513 |
| the effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (amazona aestiva). | premedication is rarely used in avian species. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication on the quality of sevoflurane induction and anaesthesia in parrots. we hypothesised that premedication would facilitate handling and decrease the minimum anaesthetic dose (mad). thirty-six adult parrots were randomly distributed in three groups: group s (n = 12) was premedicated with nacl 0.9%; group ks (n = 12) was premedicated with 10 mg.kg-1 ketamine; and group kds (n = 12) was pre ... | 2013 | 23867018 |
| parasites of psittaciformes and accipitriformes in paraíba state, northeastern brazil. | in this study, we investigated the presence of gastrointestinal helminths in 97 captive birds (psittaciformes and accipitriformes) necropsied between june and december 2011 in the state of paraiba, brazil. forty-three birds were infected. psittaciformes were infected by nematode ascaridia hermaphrodita (97.6%) and cestode raillietina sp. (2.4%). a. hermaphrodita was found in all species of parrots and raillietina sp. was found only in amazona aestiva. a. hermaphrodita was the cause of death, by ... | 2013 | 23856738 |
| crop damage of eriotheca gracilipes (bombacaceae) by the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva, psittacidae), in the brazilian cerrado. | seed predation has major effects on the reproductive success of individuals, spatial patterns of populations, genetic variability, interspecific interactions and ultimately in the diversity of tree communities. at a brazilian savanna, i evaluated the proportional crop loss of eriotheca gracilipes due the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) during a fruiting period. also, i analyzed the relationship between proportional crop loss to amazons and both fruit crop size and the distance from the nea ... | 2014 | 25627593 |
| action of brazilian propolis on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of blue-fronted amazons (amazona aestiva, linnaeus, 1758) in captivity. | the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis use on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in blue-fronted amazons (amazona aestiva). for this, 12 adult birds were distributed randomly into individual cages, divided into treatments with different propolis levels (a = 0.0%; b = 0.5%; and c = 1.0%), in 3 distinct phases (i, ii, and iii), with 15-d duration for phases i and iii and 30 d for phase ii, totaling 60 d. in phases i and iii, all birds received treatment a ration, an ... | 2014 | 24864289 |
| optimized nested polymerase chain reaction for antemortem detection of mycobacteria in amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) and orange-winged amazons (amazona amazonica). | the objectives of this study were to optimize nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and apply them on samples from parrots. results were negative for the presence of these mycobacterium in the samples, and nested pcr was specific, faster, and more sensitive than other tests, thereby justifying its use in antemortem diagnosis. | 2014 | 24712177 |
| isolation and molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium spp. from faeces of the blue-fronted amazon parrot in brazil. | in brazil, the blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) is a common pet. the faecal microbiota of these birds include a wide variety of bacterial species, the majority of which belong to the gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (lab) clade. the aim of this study was to investigate differences in the diversity and abundance of lab and bifidobacterium spp. in the cloacae between wild and captive birds and to select, identify and characterise lab for consideration as a parrot probiotic. cloacal s ... | 2014 | 25062609 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup o:1a, infection in two amazon parrots (amazona aestiva and amazona oratrix) with hepatic hemosiderosis. | necropsies were conducted on a female blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) and a female yellow-headed amazon (amazona oratrix) that died after depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and biliverdin in the urine. gross and microscopic examinations revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and heart caused by acute bacteremia. yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup o:1a, was isolated by culturing from the visceral lesions in the liver, intestines, and spleen. ... | 2015 | 26352966 |
| dna barcoding identifies illegal parrot trade. | illegal trade threatens the survival of many wild species, and molecular forensics can shed light on various questions raised during the investigation of cases of illegal trade. among these questions is the identity of the species involved. here we report a case of a man who was caught in a brazilian airport trying to travel with 58 avian eggs. he claimed they were quail eggs, but authorities suspected they were from parrots. the embryos never hatched and it was not possible to identify them bas ... | 2015 | 26245790 |
| non-invasive measurement of adrenocortical activity in blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva, linnaeus, 1758). | parrots kept in zoos and private households often develop psychological and behavioural disorders. despite knowing that such disorders have a multifactorial aetiology and that chronic stress is involved, little is known about their development mainly due to a poor understanding of the parrots' physiology and the lack of validated methods to measure stress in these species. in birds, blood corticosterone concentrations provide information about adrenocortical activity. however, blood sampling tec ... | 2015 | 26717147 |
| prevalence of neoplastic diseases in pet birds referred for surgical procedures. | neoplastic disease is common in pet birds, particularly in psittacines, and treatment should be primarily aimed at tumor eradication. nineteen cases of pet birds submitted to diagnostic and/or therapeutic surgical procedures due to neoplastic disease characterized by the presence of visible masses were retrospectively analyzed; affected species, types of neoplasms and respective locations, and outcomes of surgical procedures were determined. all birds undergoing surgery belonged to the order psi ... | 2016 | 26981315 |
| chromosomal mapping of repetitive dnas in myiopsitta monachus and amazona aestiva (psittaciformes, psittacidae) with emphasis on the sex chromosomes. | here, for the first time, we describe the karyotype of myiopsitta monachus (psittacidae, arini). we found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in neotropical psittaciformes so far, with an uncommonly large w chromosome homomorphic to the z. in order to better understand the evolution of the sex chromosomes in this species, we applied several molecular cytogenetic approaches, including c-banding, fish mapping of repetitive dnas (several microsatellite repeats), and whole-c ... | 2017 | 28359066 |
| behavioural and hormonal effects of member replacement in captive groups of blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). | social species in captivity may face allostatic overload due to artificial grouping and other social constraints. in rescue centres, groups of psittacines are constantly mixed due to the arrival and/or release of individuals; this procedure is potentially harmful to animal welfare. this study aimed at evaluating the possible impacts of mate replacement on the stress levels of captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). during five weeks, we recorded agonistic interactions and dropping ... | 2017 | 28286082 |
| sedative effects of intranasal midazolam administration in wild caught blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) and orange-winged amazon (amazona amazonica) parrots. | safe and effective sedation protocols are important for chemical restraint of birds in clinical and diagnostic procedures, such as clinical evaluations, radiographic positioning, and blood collection. these protocols may reduce stress and ease the management of wild-caught birds, which are susceptible to injury or death when exposed to stressful situations. we compare the sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in wild-caught blue-fronted (amazona aestiva) and orange-winged (amazona amazonica) a ... | 2017 | 28891701 |
| cryptosporidium baileyi in wild captive psittacines in brazil. | cryptosporidiosis in birds manifests as an acute or chronic disease of the respiratory or digestive tracts. the objective of our study was to perform the molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in wild psittacines kept in captivity at the araçatuba municipal zoo, são paulo, brazil. a total of 47 fecal samples were collected from amazona aestiva, psittacara leucophthalma, and ara ararauna. all samples were collected at the time the birds defecated. dna extraction was performed using th ... | 2017 | 31014590 |
| distribution of species and antimicrobial resistance among enterococci isolated from the fecal microbiota of captive blue-fronted parrot (amazona aestiva) in rio de janeiro, brazil. | enterococcal strains recovered from fecal samples of captive blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva) assisted at two wild animal screening centers in rio de janeiro, brazil, were identified as enterococcus hirae (the predominant species; 75.3%), followed by enterococcus faecalis (17.3%), enterococcus casseliflavus (4.8%), enterococcus gallinarum (1.7%), and enterococcus hermanniensis (0.9%). all strains were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. rates of nonsusceptibility (including resistant ... | 2018 | 29055593 |
| preliminary findings of structure and expression of opioid receptor genes in a peregrine falcon ( falco peregrinus), a snowy owl ( bubo scandiacus), and a blue-fronted amazon parrot ( amazona aestiva). | to further knowledge of the physiology of opioid receptors in birds, the structure and expression of the μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptor genes were studied in a peregrine falcon ( falco peregrinus), a snowy owl ( bubo scandiacus), and a blue-fronted amazon parrot ( amazona aestiva). tissue samples were obtained from birds that had been euthanatized for poor release prognosis or medical reasons. samples were taken from the brain (telencephalon, thalamus, pituitary gland, cerebellum, pons, medulla o ... | 2018 | 30204017 |
| chromosome painting in neotropical long- and short-tailed parrots (aves, psittaciformes): phylogeny and proposal for a putative ancestral karyotype for tribe arini. | : most neotropical psittacidae have a diploid number of 2n = 70, and a dichotomy in chromosome patterns. long-tailed species have biarmed macrochromosomes, while short-tailed species have telo/acrocentric macrochromosomes. however, the use of chromosome painting has demonstrated that karyotype evolution in psittacidae includes a high number of inter/intrachromosomal rearrangements. to determine the phylogeny of long- and short-tailed species, and to propose a putative ancestral karyotype for thi ... | 2018 | 30309041 |
| urofecal steroid profiles of captive blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva) with different reproductive outcomes. | despite psitaciformes (parrots) being the third largest nonpasserine order (398 species), it currently ranks second in number of threatened species (28%) according to the internatinal union for conservation of nature (iucn) criteria. since most of the literature concerning reproductive endocrinology in avian species derives from domestic and song birds, it is puzzling that advances in reproductive science for the psitaciformes order lags far behind, in spite of the growing threats against them. ... | 2018 | 29427631 |
| parrot genomes and the evolution of heightened longevity and cognition. | parrots are one of the most distinct and intriguing groups of birds, with highly expanded brains [1], highly developed cognitive [2] and vocal communication [3] skills, and a long lifespan compared to other similar-sized birds [4]. yet the genetic basis of these traits remains largely unidentified. to address this question, we have generated a high-coverage, annotated assembly of the genome of the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) and carried out extensive comparative analyses with 30 other ... | 2018 | 30528582 |
| communal roosts of the blue-fronted amazons (amazona aestiva) in a large tropical wetland: are they of different types? | psittacidae species are among the most threatened birds in the world. approximately one-half of the 390 parrot species are experiencing population declines. the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva) is the most traded parrot worldwide and suffers from poaching and habitat loss. many species of parrots, including the blue-fronted amazon, form communal roosts where they spend the night. under certain circumstances, roost surveys can be a rapid and cost-effective way to obtain information about the ... | 2018 | 30332447 |
| feed processing effects on digestibility, palatability, excreta fermentation products and blood parameters in blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva)†. | captive parrots show a high incidence of obesity and other metabolic disorders due to the consumption of unbalanced diets. therefore, this study evaluated the digestibility and metabolic effects of transitioning blue-fronted amazons from a high fat diet (sunflower seeds) to processed diets with three degrees of starch gelatinization (sg). the same feed formulation was processed to obtain pelletized feed (pel) at 27.1% sg; low-cooked extruded feed (extl ) at 81.6% sg; and high-cooked extruded fee ... | 2019 | 30390355 |
| key ring fixator: a novel external fixation technique for avian long bone stabilization. | a 12-year-old blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) of unknown sex (case 1) and a 14-year-old female hybrid catalina macaw (ara ararauna × ara macao) (case 2) were evaluated and treated for an open tarsometatarsal fracture and a tibiotarsal fracture, respectively. in case 1, 1 month of external coaptation resulted in a delayed union, significant osteolysis, and presumptive osteomyelitis, which led to the decision to treat with a key ring fixator. in case 2, a key ring fixator was chosen f ... | 2019 | 31251504 |
| yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of brazil: a potential hazard to human health. | birds of prey and from psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: rhea americana araneipes, primolius maracana, ara ararauna, ara chloropterus, anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ... | 2019 | 30304251 |
| faecal virome analysis of wild animals from brazil. | the brazilian cerrado fauna shows very wide diversity and can be a potential viral reservoir. therefore, the animal's susceptibility to some virus can serve as early warning signs of potential human virus diseases. moreover, the wild animal virome of this biome is unknown. based on this scenario, high-throughput sequencing contributes a robust tool for the identification of known and unknown virus species in this environment. in the present study, faeces samples from cerrado birds (psittacara le ... | 2019 | 31480274 |
| stress in captive blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva): the animalists' tale. | understanding stress physiology is crucial for species management because high levels of stress can reduce reproduction and the individual's ability to face threats to survive. one of the most popular methods for non-invasive monitoring of animal endocrine status is the glucocorticoid (gc) metabolite measurements, which can provide important information about how animals are affected by their surrounding environment. here, we carried out the biological validation of corticosterone enzyme immunoa ... | 2019 | 31832195 |
| antemortem diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) and a mealy amazon parrot (amazona farinosa). | a 28-year-old blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva) with a 1 -week history of regurgitation-like movement of the neck and a 34-year-old mealy amazon parrot (amazona farinosa) with a 1- to 2-day history of regurgitation and crop distention were evaluated. | 2019 | 31067188 |
| development and characterization of novel microsatellite loci for the blue-fronted amazon (amazona aestiva, psittaciformes, aves) and cross-species amplification for other two threatened amazona species. | parrots are among the most threatened avian groups of the world, with illegal pet trade being a major threat to some amazon (amazona genus) and macaw (ara and anodorhynchus genera) species. population genetic studies and effective control of commercial breeders are important actions for the conservation of these parrot species; however, few microsatellite loci are available for most amazona species to date. in this study, 25 polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in silico and character ... | 2019 | 30617658 |
| phylogenetic analyses of chlamydia psittaci ompa gene sequences from captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) with hepatic disease in brazil. | chlamydia psittaci was detected in 152 (72%) blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva, parrot from the psittacidae family) out of a population of 212 that died during 2009-2011 in a wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centre in minas gerais, brazil, following rescue from illegal wildlife trafficking. the macroscopic changes observed in these animals were hepatomegaly with multifocal white foci visible at the serosal surfaces of the liver, and extending into the parenchyma, and splenomegaly. t ... | 2019 | 32286573 |
| radiographic measurements of the cardiac silhouette in healthy blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva). | the objective of this investigation was to determine radiographic measurements, without chemical restraint, of the cardiac silhouette in 34 healthy, adult blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) of unknown sex with a mean body weight of 393 g. the birds were fasted 3 hours before the radiographic examinations. three thoracic radiographic views (ventrodorsal, right lateral, and left lateral) were obtained from each bird for assessment. there was no significant statistical difference between ... | 2020 | 32237679 |
| applicability of optical coherence tomography in blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva). | optical coherence tomography (oct) measurement of adult blue-fronted parrots (amazona aestiva), free from infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic systemic diseases and from any ophthalmological illness, aim at its characterization, as well as to standardize the examination technique for the species. | 2020 | 32048792 |
| performance of blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) when solving the pebbles-and-seeds and multi-access-box paradigms: ex situ and in situ experiments. | birds can solve many cognitive tasks that were previously only solved by primates, implying that their cognitive ability is far greater than expected. here, we investigated the ability of blue-fronted amazon parrots in solving the pebble-and-seed and the multi-access-box paradigms, two ecologically relevant cognitive tasks varying in complexity and required skills to solve. we also investigated whether laterality, sex and housing conditions influenced problem-solving capacity. we tested 14 adult ... | 2020 | 32034538 |
| computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva, linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores. | this study aimed to assess radiographic and tomographic cardiac parameters, including width and length of the heart, and the ratio of heart width to coelom width of blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. thirty-five captive birds were included in the study and were allocated into one of three groups according to their respective body condition score: lean, ideal and obese. no differences were observed among the groups with regard to radiographic and tom ... | 2020 | 31900979 |
| computed tomographic and gross anatomy of the head of the blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | the blue-fronted amazon parrot is an extremely popular pet bird in brazil. these birds are commonly raised in captivity and are often seen in veterinary practice. modern imaging modalities such as computed tomography (ct), which had not been widely used in wild and exotic bird medicine until recently, are now becoming more popular due to wider availability and higher diagnostic accuracy. however, proper interpretation of tomographic findings requires species-specific anatomical references. studi ... | 2020 | 32931032 |
| comparison of electrolyte composition and crystallization patterns in bird and reptile tears. | to compare tear electrolytes and tear crystallization patterns in birds and reptiles, tears were sampled by schirmer tear test from 10 animals each of ara ararauna, amazona aestiva, tyto alba, rupornis magnirostris, chelonoidis carbonaria, and caiman latirostris, and 5 of caretta caretta. the aliquots were pooled to assess concentrations of total protein, chloride, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, and urea. for the tear ferning test, samples of each species were observed under a pol ... | 2020 | 32903625 |
| chromosomal evolution in the phylogenetic context: a remarkable karyotype reorganization in neotropical parrot myiopsitta monachus (psittacidae). | myiopsitta monachus is a small neotropical parrot (psittaciformes: arini tribe) from subtropical and temperate regions of south america. it has a diploid chromosome number 2n = 48, different from other members of the arini tribe that have usually 70 chromosomes. the species has the lowest 2n within the arini tribe. in this study, we combined comparative chromosome painting with probes generated from chromosomes of gallus gallus and leucopternis albicollis, and fish with bacterial artificial chro ... | 2020 | 32754200 |
| comparative mitogenomic analyses of amazona parrots and psittaciformes. | amazon parrots are long-lived birds with highly developed cognitive skills, including vocal learning. several parrot mitogenomes have been sequenced, but important aspects of their organization and evolution are not fully understood or have limited experimental support. the main aim of the present study was to describe the mitogenome of the blue-fronted amazon, amazona aestiva, and compare it to other mitogenomes from the genus amazona and the order psittaciformes. we observed that mitogenomes a ... | 2020 | 30235395 |