Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| spectrum of viral pathogens in blood of malaria-free ill travelers returning to canada. | malaria is the most common specific cause of fever in returning travelers, but many other vectorborne infections and viral infections are emerging and increasingly encountered by travelers. we documented common and emerging viral pathogens in malaria-negative specimens from ill travelers returning to canada. anonymized, malaria-negative specimens were examined for various viral pathogens by real-time pcr. samples were positive for herpes simplex viruses 1 or 2 (n = 21, 1.6%), cytomegalovirus (n ... | 0 | 27089008 |
| characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production. | human diploid cell strains (hdcss), possessing identical chromosome sets known to be free of all known adventitious agents, are of great use in developing human vaccines. however it is extremely difficult to obtain qualified hdcss that can satisfy the requirements for the mass production of vaccines. we have developed a new hdcs, walvax-2, which we derived from the lung tissue of a 3-month-old fetus. we established primary, master and working cell banks successfully from reconstituted frozen cel ... | 0 | 25803132 |
| viral inactivation of human osteochondral grafts with methylene blue and light. | cartilage injury is one of the most common disorders of synovial joints. fresh osteochondral allografts are becoming a standard treatment; however, they are supply constrained with a potential risk of disease transmission. there are no known virucidal processes available for osteochondral allografts and most methods presently available are detrimental to cartilage. methylene blue light treatment has been shown to be successful in the literature for viral inactivation of fresh frozen plasma. the ... | 0 | 26069682 |
| comparative analysis of liver injury-associated cytokines in acute hepatitis a and b. | acute hepatitis a (aha) and acute hepatitis b (ahb) are caused by an acute infection of the hepatitis a virus and the hepatitis b virus, respectively. in both aha and ahb, liver injury is known to be mediated by immune cells and cytokines. in this study, we measured serum levels of various cytokines and t-cell cytotoxic proteins in patients with aha or ahb to identify liver injury-associated cytokines. | 0 | 26996565 |
| a new subtype of type a influenzavirus isolated from turkeys. | a new subtype of avian influenzavirus a was isolated in january 1967 from an epizootic in a turkey hatchery in ontario, canada. the disease was fatal in 65 of 2 500 hens involved. virus was isolated from lung and trachea tissue of three dead turkeys. sera from convalescent birds contained antibody against the viruses isolated from the outbreak but not against other known type a avian influenzaviruses, newcastle disease virus, myxovirus yucaipa, or mycoplasma gallisepticum.the strain designated a ... | 1972 | 4541004 |
| etiologic relationship of marmoset-propagated cr326 hepatitis a virus to hepatitis in man. | 1973 | 4632938 | |
| [hepatitis--a virus induced autoimmune disease]. | 1973 | 4790317 | |
| letter: hepatitis a virus-like particles. | 1974 | 4816861 | |
| buoyant density of the hepatitis a virus-like particle in cesium chloride. | we recently visualized by immune electron microscopy a virus-like particle in the stools of patients with hepatitis a. the particle measured approximately 27 nm in diameter and morphologically resembled a picornavirus or parvovirus. to further characterize this particle, we have determined its buoyant density in cesium chloride (cscl) by ultracentrifugation. hepatitis a particles from three positive stool specimens were isopycnically banded in separate experiments, and the gradient fractions wer ... | 1974 | 4833615 |
| hepatitis a: report of a common-source outbreak with recovery of a possible etiologic agent. ii. laboratory studies. | during investigation of a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a among university students in a southwestern metropolitan community, immune electron microscopic examination of a concentrated stool suspension pooled from seven acutely ill individuals revealed viruslike particles 17-nm in diameter. these particles were initially coated by antibody contained in the convalescent-phase serum of one of the ill students as well ad by antibody in convalescent plasma of a prison volunteer originally infected ... | 1975 | 1117190 |
| a mouse hepatotropic variant of influenza virus. | a hepatotropic variant of avian influenza virus a/turkey/england 63 (hav 1, nav 3) was selected by serial passages in mouse liver. adaptation to this organ was established after 13 in vivo passages and was found to improve during further passages as shown by increasing rates of replication in livers of icr mice. the mutant virus finally selected was stable and differed from the original virus mainly in lethality upon intraperitoneal injection in mice, in its ability to grow to high titers in liv ... | 1975 | 1212099 |
| transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type a or b. | twenty-two patients who had an episode of transfusion-associated hepatitis not positive for hepatitis b antigen were examined for development of antibody to heaptitis a and b antigens, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus. antibody response to the 27-nm virus-like hepatitis a antigen was measured by immune electron microscopy. in none of the 22 patients studied did serologic evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus develop during the study period. nine of the 22 patients had antibody respo ... | 1975 | 163436 |
| viral hepatitis, type a. identification by specific complement fixation and immune adherence tests. | hepatitis a antibody was detected by specific immune adherence and complement-fixation tests in a study involving 473 serum specimens from 20 patients who had viral hepatitis, type a. in all 20 patients who had no detectable immune adherence antibody (less than 1:5) before onset of hepatitis high levels (greater than or equal to 1:1024) developed one to four weeks later, occasionally reaching peak levels exceeding greater than or equal to 1:81,920 several months thereafter. five to 10 years late ... | 1975 | 164627 |
| physical, chemical and morphologic dimensions of human hepatitis a virus strain cr326 (38578). | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 nm spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, indentical 27 nm viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the bouyant den ... | 1975 | 164674 |
| a specific complement-fixation test for human hepatitis a employing cr326 virus antigen. diagnosis and epidemiology. | a specific diagnostic complement-fixation test for hepatitis a antibody in human serum was described employing livers of marmosets infected with cr326 strain human hepatitis a virus. persons with hepatitis a, but not hepatitis b, developed hepatitis a cf antibody shortly after the onset of illness and this persisted thereafter. good agreement was noted in the development of cf and neutralizing antibodies in hepatitis a cases. hepatitis a was shown to occur in a person with hepatitis b antigenemi ... | 1975 | 165548 |
| specific immune adherence assay for human hepatitis a antibody application to diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations. | a specific immune adherence (ia) test for hepatitis a antibody in human serum was described employing liver extract of marmosets infected with cr326 strain human hepatitis a virus. persons with hepatitis a, but not hepatitis b, developed hepatitis a ia antibody soon after onset of the acute illness and this persisted thereafter. there was very close agreement in the tests for human hepatitis a immune adherence, complement fixing (cf) and neutralizing antibodies. ia antibodies appeared to develop ... | 1975 | 167376 |
| experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis a virus. | the susceptibility of chimpanzees to viral hepatitis type a was examined with immine electron microscopy. of four seronegative infant chimpanzees, two were inoculated with a hepatitis a acute-phase stool filtrate rich in 27 nm virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, and two were inoculated with an ha ag-negative preinfection stool filtrate. one of each pair of chimpanzees was inoculated intravenously, the other orally. one month later both chimpanzees that had received the ha ag-positi ... | 1975 | 171320 |
| viral hepatitis: recent developments and prospects for prevention. | during the past decade new development in hepatitis research have shed new light on the etiologic, epidemiologic, immunologic, and prophylactic aspects of type a and b hepatitis virus infection. recent advances in hepatitis a virus research include: (1) identification of the virus as a 27 nm particle with characteristics resembling an enterovirus, (2) transmission of the infection to marmosets and chimpanzees, and (3) development of specific complement fixation and immune adherence antibody test ... | 1975 | 171363 |
| hepatitis in marmosets. | some species of marmosets are susceptible, not only by parenteral inoculation but also by oral exposure, to human hepatitis a virus present in sera or feces. the stools of animals inoculated parenterally or orally contained fecal antigen during certain times of the incubation period and the early, acute phase of the disease; viruslike particles were present in feces of orally infected animals and such feces were infectious when inoculated into marmosets. the fecal antigen crossreacted both with ... | 1975 | 171953 |
| review of infectivity studies in nonhuman primates with virus-like particles associated with ms-1 hepatitis. | using the technique of immune electron microscopy we have conducted hepatitis a infectivity studies in marmoset monkeys and chimpanzees. marmosets inoculated with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus have developed hepatitis and seroconverted to 27 nm virus-like particles isolated from stools of humans in the early acute stages of hepatitis. similar results have been observed through several marmoset subpassages, and the virus-like particles have been recovered from the li ... | 1975 | 171954 |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of cr326 human hepatitis a virus. | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests by infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the buoyant densit ... | 1975 | 171955 |
| discussion. viral hepatitis: the agents (hepatitis a virus). | 1975 | 171957 | |
| foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis type a. an immune electron microscopic study. | immune electron microscopy, which can detect hepatitis a antigen and antibody (anti-ha), was used to study a foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis among 136 naval recruits. in stool specimens collected during the acute phase of illness, 27-nm viruslike hapatitis a antigen particles were shown, but only in patients with icteric hepatitis. detection was possible in stools collected as early as 10 days before peak serum aminotransferase activity and up to the time of peak enzyme activity, bu ... | 1975 | 173217 |
| infectivity studies of hepatitis a and b in non-human primates. | we have induced hepatitis a in marmosets of the subspecies saguinus mystax following primary inoculation with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) and in 3 further marmoset subpassages using infective marmoset serum from each preceding passage. in each passage acquisition of serum antibody against 17 nm virus-like particles recovered from acute illness stools of human volunteers who developed hepatitis following inoculation with the ms-1 strain of hav, as well as fro ... | 1975 | 173599 |
| immune adherence and complement-fixation tests for human hepatitis a. diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations. | the reliable propagation of cr326 strain of human hepatitis a virus in saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (cf), and immune adherence (ia) assays for hepatitis a antigen and antibody. the cf and ia assays were made possible by the use of livers of cr326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis a antigen. all assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis a. cases of hepatitis b did not show development of hepatitis a an ... | 1975 | 173600 |
| the mythology of various hepatitis a virus isolates. | several types of viral hepatitis may exist. hepatitis a (ms-1 type) can be transmitted to marmosets and chimpanzees. virus-like particles, which may be parvo- or enteroviruses and which have been demonstrated in feces of this type of hepatitis, do not share cross-reacting antigens with hepatitis b but do cross-react with fecal hepatitis a antigen. hepatitis a (gb type), which also does not cross-react with hepatitis b, is not antigenically identical with ms-1; it can be transmitted to marmosets ... | 1975 | 173601 |
| characterization of cr326 human hepatitis a virus, a probable enterovirus. | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the buoyant densi ... | 1975 | 173603 |
| hepatitis a. perspectives and recent advances. | the basis for the epidemiologic and etiologic differentiation of two major forms of viral hepatitis, hepatitis a and b, was established in a series of studies undertaken between 1930 and 1970. final recovery and visualization of the presumed etiologic agent of hepatitis a was not, however, accomplished until the technique of immune electron microscopy was applied to the examination of specimen materials collected from individuals in the early acute stages of infection. morphologically homogeneou ... | 1975 | 174435 |
| the clinical significance of hepatitis b virus antigens and antibodies. | there are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis b. tests for hbsag and anti-hbs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis b. tests for hbcag and anti-hbc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. hbsag in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis b; it may be present in t ... | 1975 | 49464 |
| letter: chimpanzee model for hepatitis-a virus. | 1975 | 51977 | |
| development and utilization of complement-fixation and immune adherence tests for human hepatitis a virus and antibody. | the reliable propagation of cr326 strain of human hepatitis a virus in saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (cf), and immune adherence (ia) assays for hepatitis a antigen and antibody. the cf and ia assay were made possible by the use of livers of cr326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis a antigen. all assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis a. patients with hepatitis b did not show development of hepatitis ... | 1975 | 53013 |
| clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. | of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (c.e.p.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-b-virus infection. subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) revealed that an r.i.a.-positive, c.e.p.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-b hepatit ... | 1975 | 53329 |
| serologic comparison of hepatitis a antigen to echovirus 25 isolate cr69(076) recovered from a patient with viral hepatitis. | a serologic comparison was performed by immune electron microscopy between hepatitis a antigen (related to the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus) and a viral isolate, cr69(076), from the stool of a patient in costa rica with viral hepatitis. cr69(076) was not antigenically related to hepatitis a antigen but was related to echovirus 25. thus, it is unrelated to the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. | 1975 | 186440 |
| preliminary serologic studies of antibody to hepatitis a virus in populations in the united states. | 1976 | 186542 | |
| ultrastructural studies of hepatitis a virus by electron microscopy. | well-defined, core-like structures were visualized in hepatitis a virus particles by a modified microelectron microscopy technique. | 1976 | 186642 |
| mussel-associated viral hepatitis, type a: serological confirmation. | 7 members of a family of 14 developed acute viral hepatitis approximately one month after a family outing. epidemiological investigation incriminated incompletely cooked mussels (mytilus edulis) as the vehicle of infection and revealed a statistically significant difference in attack-rates between mussel-ingesters (70%) and non-ingesters (0%) (p=0-035). the aetiological role of hepatitis-a virus, suspected on epidemiological grounds, was serologically confirmed by the demonstration of rises in t ... | 1976 | 55839 |
| the 1971-72 epidemic of acute viral hepatitis in godthaab, greenland. | viral hepatitis has been known to occur among the greenland population endemically as well as in smaller and larger epidemics. a large epidemic of acute hepatitis comprising around 9% of the entire population, viz. more than 4000 notified cases, swept through greenland between october 1970 and december 1972. 996 verified cases were seen in the godthaab district and subjected to more detailed studies. most of the godthaab cases were seen among children and adolescents, and no disease was observe ... | 1976 | 58437 |
| hepatitis a virus. | 1976 | 61515 | |
| purification of hepatitis a antigen from feces and detection of antigen and antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination. | hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was purified from feces collected during acute illness from patients with naturally occurring viral hepatitis, type a. positive fecal specimens were identified by immune electron microscopy, but for detection of ha agduring purification immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) and microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay were used. isopycnic banding in cesium chloride, rate-zonal separation in sucrose, and preparative zonal electrophoresis were used in various combina ... | 1976 | 178597 |
| quantitation of antibody to hepatitis a antigen by immune electron microscopy. | a set of precipitin reactions was performed by immune electron microscopy (iem) with hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and varying quantities of antibody to ha a q (anti-ha). serial dilution of anti-ha resulted in progressive diminution in iem antibody rating. these data, together with a highly significant correlation between iem ratings and immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) titers on 92 coded serum samples, confirm that quantitative serology development can be performed by iem. to demonstrate ... | 1976 | 179951 |
| nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type a. serologic evidence of hepatitis a virus infection. | since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. to determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type a, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha) by immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha), recently available test. in both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (michigan, 1964), the s ... | 1976 | 180303 |
| effect of human immune serum globulin on infectivity of hepatitis a virus. | a standard preparation of immune serum globulin containing a titer of immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis a antibody of 1:3,200 neutralized the infectivity of ms-1 serum. an inoculation of ms-1 serum was followed by the following evidence of hepatitis a infection in eight of 14 seronegative recipients: (1) abnormal values for serum aspartate aminotransferase after an incubation period of 29-42 days, and (2) no detectable immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis a antibody (less than 1 ... | 1976 | 181498 |
| hepatitis a antigen particles in liver, bile, and stool of chimpanzees. | virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, presumably hepatitis a virus, were isolated from the liver, bile, and stool of three chimpanzees that had been infected with stool filtrates containing ha ag particles. specimens of serum, stool, liver biopsy material, and bile were obtained at selected intervals during the experiment. the animals developed mild hepatitis 19-21 days after inoculation, and antibody to ha ag appeared de novo in their convalescent-phase serum. during acute illness, ... | 1976 | 181500 |
| hepatitis a antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of antisera prepared in guinea pigs. | morphologically similar hepatitis a antigen particles (ha ag)3 have been detected in the stools of patients with type a hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus. to investigate the humoral antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of ha ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver-derived ha ag or with human stool-derived ha ag in complete freund's adjuvant and measured their ant ... | 1976 | 182882 |
| hepatitis a. | 1976 | 183390 | |
| comparison of serological tests for antibody to hepatitis a antigen, using coded specimens from individuals infected with the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. | to compare serological tests for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha), we tested 15 paired serum specimens, submitted under code, from individuals infected with the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. immune electron microscopy (iem), immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha), and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) tests for anti-ha were performed with hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) derived from human stool; results were also compared with previously reported titers determined by iaha with ha ag ... | 1976 | 186409 |
| similarities of two hepatitis a virus strains. | in outbreaks of type a hepatitis in los angeles, usa, and rosario, argentina, virus particles were isolated from faeces. the geographically diverse strains were identical in appearance and serological reactivity. they differed only in buoyant density, but other workers have also obtained inconsistent results in estimating this. we conclude that the virus strains in the two epidemics were identical. | 1976 | 194718 |
| isolation and characterization of hepatitis a virus. | this paper presents current isolation technics of hepatitis a virus (hav) from human and chimpanzee stool, liver, and bile specimens, as well as comparative characterizations of hav buoyant density properties of human and chimpanzee stool-derived particles. in addition, methods designed for the extraction and purification of hav from large samples of stool and liver tissues, including agar gel filtration, are discussed in detail. | 1976 | 218442 |
| a prospective study of acute viral hepatitis with particular reference to hepatitis a. | in order to investigate the relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis, a prospective study was carried out on 97 patients admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, with suspected viral hepatitis, and 3 of their family contacts. evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus was obtained by detecting hepatitis a antigen in stools, and/or antibody to it in sera, by immune electron microscopy. infection with hepatitis b virus was determined by testing for hepatitis b surface antigen and ... | 1976 | 191207 |
| hepatitis a and down's syndrome: lack of an association. | the occurrence of hepatitis a early in pregnancy has been reported to result in increased births of children with down's syndrome. eleven sets of paired sera were obtained before conception and during pregnancy from women who delivered infants with down's syndrome. these sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis a virus with use of immune electron microscopy. none of the women had seroconversions or increases in levels of antibody to hepatitis a virus. no evidence of an association between hepa ... | 1976 | 135033 |
| the clinical problem of hepatitis transmission;. | although blood banks in this country have been testing every unit of blood for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by one of the highly sensitive "third generation" methods (radioimmunoassay or reversed passive hemagglutination) since september, 1975, post-transfusion hepatitis (pth) still remains the major hazard to patients who require transfusion with blood and blood products. since there may be an interval of many months between transfusion and onset of pth and many cases are subclinical, th ... | 1976 | 799307 |
| development of immunity against hepatitis a virus by subclinical infection. | 1976 | 995949 | |
| ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza a viruses. | ortho- and parainfluenza viruses isolated from the cloacas of migrating feral ducks shot on the mississippi flyway included three strains of influenza. a virus (hav6 nav1, hav6 nl, hav7 neq2) as well as newcastle disease virus. one influenza virus, a/duck/memphis/546/74, possessed hav3 haemagglutinin, but the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any of the known influenza reference antisera. the neuraminidase on this virus was related to the neuraminidases on a/duck/gdr/72 (h2 n?), a/turkey/ontari ... | 1976 | 1018173 |
| [post-transfusion hepatitis 1973 and 1974 in the zürich region]. | more than 100 000 units of blood were tranfused during the years 1973-74 in the region of zurich. 30 cases of posttransfusion hepatitis (pth) reported in this period were investigated with regard to the origin of the tranfused blood, and 24 (71%) proved to be hepatitis b antigen (hbs-ag) positive. despite the use of a sensitive method for hbs-ag screening, transfusion of hbs-ag positive blood was found to be responsible for pth in 4 cases only. in 88% of the cases there was no proof that the pth ... | 1977 | 834982 |
| the virus particle nucleic acids and proteins of four bunyaviruses. | the structural polypeptides of five bunyaviruses, snowshoe hare, lumbo and la crosse viruses (members of the california encephalitis subgroup of bunyaviruses), bunyamwera and main drain viruses (members of the bunyamwera subgroup of bunyaviruses), have been compared by polyacrylamide-sds gel electrophoresis. each virus was found to possess three major structural polypeptides, two glycoproteins (g1 and g2), and one nucleocapsid protein (n). although the sizes of the g1 polypeptides (mol. wt. appr ... | 1977 | 839199 |
| a case report of fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis. | a case of human fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis occurred after accidental laboratory exposure. the conjunctivitis was characterised by follicle formation and a mucopurulent discharge, and ran a self-limiting course over two weeks. the keratitis was of an unusual type and consisted of small intraepithelial opacities, which appeared after one week and resolved completely over the next three weeks. the infection, confirmed by viral culture, was produced by dutch strain (hav 1 neq 1) of fowl plague ... | 1977 | 843515 |
| [hepatitis b: new aspects, practical implications. virology and epidemiology]. | although neither a nor b hepatitis virus (hav, hbv) has been grown in cell or organ cultures, both agents have been identified and characterized. the subsequent ability to diagnose hepatitis a and b has led to the recognition of a third form of viral hepatitis, "non a--non b hepatitis". it has been possible to eliminate hbv from blood used for transfusion and from blood products, and the combined results of hepatitis research have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesi ... | 1977 | 857308 |
| etiology of sporadic hepatitis b surface antigen-negative hepatitis. | we studied serologically 45 adults who had sporadic acute viral hepatitis that was hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) negative. two cases were due to hepatitis b virus, as demonstrated by the appearance of antibody to hepatitis b core antigen. in three other patients, the serologic pattern was inconclusive. of 40 non-b cases, 20 were type a hepatitis and 20 were non-a, non-b hepatitis. clinically, type a and non-a, non-b hepatitis were indistinguishable; one case of fulminant disease occurred i ... | 1977 | 879615 |
| hepatitis type a and hemodialysis: a seroepidemiologic study in 15 u.s. centers. | four hundred sixty patients and staff from 15 u.s. dialysis centers were surveyed by the immune adherence hemagglutination technique for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha). the age-standardized anti-ha prevalence was 42.9% in patients and 42.1% in staff. these rates are almost identical to those of socioeconomically comparable urban volunteer blood donors never exposed to dialysis settings. there was no correlation between anti-ha prevalences and duration of dialysis treatment or employme ... | 1977 | 879620 |
| isolation of myxoviruses from dead birds arriving at heathrow airport, london. | forty-four haemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the pooled tracheal/cloacal swabs of the dead birds from 170 consignments of caged birds arriving at heathrow airport over a period of 6 months. two isolates were identified as newcastle disease virus but the remaining 42 were all identified as influenza viruses with hav 7 neq 2 antigens. all the consignments from which influenza viruses were isolated originated in india but had widespread destinations. the ndv isolates were from birds orig ... | 1977 | 269200 |
| the diagnosis and management of acute viral hepatitis. | while there is a declining incidence of many infectious diseases, viral hepatitis persists as a major problem. in fact, there would appear to be an increasing incidence of hepatitis b paralleling the rising problem of drug addiction. the discovery of australia antigen, now called hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), represented a major breakthrough in our understanding of viral hepatitis. more recently, serological tests have become available for hepatitis a virus (hav) which will further facili ... | 1977 | 603455 |
| serological and virological investigations fo orthomyxovirus in birds in south-east asian area. | we have previously reported that some species of migrating ducks (pintail, mallard, widgeon and falcated teal) possess in their sera antibodies against h antigens of human or avian influenza viruses. such findings have also been reported from other workers, and the appearance of new types of influenza viruses accompanied by outbreaks of new influenza pandemics, or circulation of influenza virus antigens in animals, birds and humans have been discussed on the basis of such findings. recently a nu ... | 1977 | 604133 |
| purification of hepatitis a virus from chimpanzee stools. | hepatitis a virus antigen was purified from early acute-phase chimpanzee stools by a rapid three-step procedure using 7% polyethylene glycol precipitation, cscl banding, and sepharose 2b column chromatography. electron microscopic examination of the hepatitis a virus entigen preparation revealed highly purified hepatitis a virus particles. | 1977 | 192913 |
| fecal excretion of hepatitis a virus in humans. | to define more completely the period of fecal excretion of virus during hepatitis a virus infection, we studied 24 fecal samples from six children with clinical illness during an epidemic of type a hepatitis. as determined by immune electron microscopy, the six patients had detectable viral excretion before or by the time of the first abnormality in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase). viral excretion reached a peak early and declined to undetectable levels before leve ... | 1977 | 193999 |
| serologic and animal inoculation studies of a communal outbreak of viral hepatitis, type a. | sera from individuals in an outbreak of viral hepatitis in a multifamily household, probably spread by contaminated food, were studied for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), and selected acute phase sera were inoculated into marmosets. significant rises in anti-hav titers between acute and convalescent sera occurred in all of 15 individuals in the outbreak who experienced serum enzyme elevations and in one of 14 individuals whose serum enzyme levels remained normal. the remaining 13 ind ... | 1977 | 416712 |
| serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a: detection of acute-phase immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus by radioimmunoassay. | a modified micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was developed. this double antibody procedure was performed by coating the surface of a polyvinyl microtiter plate "well" with 200 microliter of a 1:1,000 dilution of a patient's test serum. purified hav and 125i-labeled immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hav were then sequentially added to form an antibody sandwich. the specificity and sensitivity of the ria procedure for anti-hav were verified by examinat ... | 1977 | 194916 |
| suitability of the rufiventer marmoset as a host animal for human hepatitis a virus. | 1977 | 195283 | |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis. | in studies conducted in the early 1950s, sera from six asymptomatic blood donors, implicated in the transmission of viral hepatitis, were inoculated into 10 to 20 volunteers each. five of these "implicated" donor sera transmitted clinically apparent hepatitis to the recipients. the stored serum samples from these studies have been reanalyzed using serologic markers for hepatitis b virus and hepatitis a virus infection. two of the donor sera were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive, and ... | 1977 | 195505 |
| the antibody response following hepatitis a infection. | a specific igm response to hepatitis a virus was detected in sera from patients suffering acute hepatitis a infection. the presence of virus-specific igm in 19s components of acute and early convalescent phase sera was detected by immune electron microscopy and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. the presence of virus-specific igm in whole serum specimens was demonstrated by indirect immunoferritin labeling. following acute infection, however, the major immunoglobulin response appears to be igg, since ... | 1977 | 195913 |
| studies on human hepatitis a virus in chimpanzees. | 1977 | 199227 | |
| hepatitis a-virus particles in stools of patients from a natural hepatitis outbreak in germany. | during a hepatitis outbreak in southern germany 27 nm particles were visualized by immune electron microscopy in stools of two patients. these particles were sereologically identical or similar to hepatitis a-virus particles identified in the usa. the buoyant density of these particles was 1.34 g/cm3 as shown by cesium chloride density centrifugation. the particles were first observed in small numbers in a stool obtained 11 days, and in large numbers in stools obtained 6 and 7 days before the on ... | 1977 | 199831 |
| [use of immune electron microscopy for detecting the hepatitis a virus]. | attempts were made to isolate and identify hepatitis a virus by the method of immune electron microscopy using also biophysical methods and the transfection procedure of cell cultures by nucleic acid preparations. in fecal specimens from patients with infectious hepatitis a, virus-like particles 25-30 nm in diameter were found which reacted with convalescent antisera and could be detected by the immune electron microscopy method. by the same method virus-like particles 22-25 nm in diameter were ... | 1977 | 200015 |
| detection of hepatitis a antigen by immunofluorescence. | hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (if) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a virus infection. blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types a, b, or non-a, non-b, as well as with purified ha ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for ha ag. ha ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis a virus. in two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, ha ag could be detected ... | 1977 | 200565 |
| [trends in studies of hepatitis a virus and the status of hepatitis a in japan]. | 1977 | 200772 | |
| viral hepatitis: enzyme assays and serologic procedures in the study of an epidemic. | an epidemic of viral hepatitis beginning in late 1975 in a residence for multiply handicapped children, recognized very early in its course, was investigated prospectively to permit comparison of enzymatic and serologic tests. thirty-three residents of the institution and 46 full- and part-time employees were studied by the immune adherence hemagglutination procedure for antibody (anti-hav) to hepatitis a virus (hav). of these, 31 residents and 37 staff members were susceptible at the beginning ... | 1977 | 201170 |
| persistence of enteroviruses in sewage sludge. | sewage from residential areas often contains viruses pathogenic for man and significant amounts are probably associated with solids in sewage sludge. information on the survival of viruses in sewage sludge is necessary in order to develop guidelines for recycling programmes that involve spreading the sludge on land. in the present study, a number of enteroviruses were added to sewage sludge and the artificially contaminated sludges were tested for viruses at intervals over a 12-week period. most ... | 1977 | 202416 |
| [the identification of hepatitis a virus in faeces. diagnosis and epidemiological value (author's transl)]. | during 1976, two hepatitis a epidemics in institutions enabled the authors to study the presence of the virus in the faeces during the course of the disease. after concentration of feacal extracts in polyethyleneglycol 6000, virions were observed by immune electron microscopy. among 13 stool extracts examined, 11 proved positive. the two negative extracts were samples collected one month after the onset of clinical symptoms and signs. the samples richest in particles were those collected during ... | 1977 | 202924 |
| multiple buoyant densities of hepatitis a virus in cesium chloride gradients. | hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered from stools of human cases of hepatitis a and from stools of chimpanzees experimentally infected with hav was shown to possess multiple buoyant densities in cscl gradients. the greatest proportion of hav was most frequently found at a buoyant density of 1.32-1.34 g/cm3, however, large proportions of hav were also frequently found at higher densities, including 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.42, and 1.45-1.48 g/cm3. these findings are consistent with the notion that hav may b ... | 1977 | 204743 |
| cyclic excretion of hepatitis a virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees: biophysical characterization of the associated hav particles. | experimental infection of two chimpanzees with the phoenix antigen strain of hav resulted in the cyclic excretion of virus particles on days 9-11, 14-15, and 20-21 postinoculation. isopycnic banding in cscl of stool suspensions prepared from 9-11; 14-15; and 17, 19, 21 dav stool pools revealed multiple buoyant densities for the associated hav particles. hollow hav particles found in the 9-11 day pool banded primarily at a buoyant density of 1.30 g/cm3. hav in the 14-15 day stool banded bimodally ... | 1977 | 205631 |
| the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus in two populations in victoria. | sera collected from a group of 1053 victorians were tested for antibody to hepatitis a virus by solid phase radioimmunoassay. the group comprised approximately equal numbers of males and females of all ages, 488 of whom lived in melbourne and 565 in six provincial cities. in both the metropolitan and provincial groups, the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis. a virus was independent of sex and increased steadily with age. antibody was detected in approximately 20% of children by the age of 10 ye ... | 1977 | 205766 |
| non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | to clarify the role of hepatitis-a virus (h.a.v.) in the aetiology of post-transfusion hepatitis unrelated to hepatitis-b virus, we have tested and titred pre-transfusion and convalescent serum samples from 32 patients for antibody to hepatitis-a antigen (anti-ha) by quantitative immune adherence haemagglutination. 12 patients had no detectable anti-ha in either pre-transfusion or late convalescent serum; the other 20 had anti-ha in pretransfusion serum and no significant chance in titre during ... | 1977 | 65657 |
| [new aspects of therapy and prophylaxis of virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. | the etiology of viral hepatitis is well known, since the hepatitis a virus and the hepatitis b virus were detected. there is, however, no specific treatment of the disease. steroids should not be used, since a therapeutical value in viral hepatitis is not definitely proven and since they may contribute to the development of chronic hepatitis. the application of hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig), interferon or interferon inducers in hepatitis b infections has yielded some interesting results, whi ... | 1977 | 73114 |
| mutliple hepatitis viruses in multiple attacks of acute viral hepatitis. | we evaluated the causes of 30 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in 13 patients who had multiple attacks. two (seven per cent) of 30 bouts were caused by hepatitis a virus, and 12 (40%) by hepatitis b virus. no patient, however, had more than one attack with the serologic characteristics of type a or type b disease. thus, there were 16 bouts (53 per cent) not attributable to either of the two recognized hepatitis viruses. none of these "non-a, non-b" episodes, evaluated for infectious mononucleos ... | 1977 | 186710 |
| non-b hepatitis in melbourne: a serological study of hepatitis a virus infection. | a study was performed to establish the value of immune adherence haemagglutination tests for antibody to hepatitis a virus in the diagnosis of non-b hepatitis. infection with hepatitis a virus was confirmed in 14 out of 16 patients from six families and seven out of nine patients in whom the source of infection was unknown. one additional patient, who had had two episodes of jaundice, was shown to have had an attack of hepatitis a followed by an attack of hepatitis b. in patients with acute hepa ... | 1977 | 188515 |
| antibodies to hepatitis a virus: patterns by two procedures. | antibody to hepatitis a virus demonstrable by immune electron microscopy appeared early but remained at low levels for several weeks. antibody detectable by immune adherence hemagglutination was delayed. | 1977 | 188864 |
| an outbreak of type a viral hepatitis at the naval training center, san diego: epidemiologic evaluation. | in october 1974, a large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis occurred among naval personnel undergoing basic training at the naval training center, san diego, california. of the 2781 recruits eating at the implicated dining hall on the day disease transmission occurred, 133 developed clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatitis for an attack rate of 47.8/1000. the epidemiologic investigation suggested that hepatitis a virus was the etiologic agent, and this was subsequently confirmed by laboratory e ... | 1977 | 189601 |
| [action of an anti-viral on the australia antigen in patients with hepatitis a virus and in healthy carriers]. | patients with positive serum hbag reactions were treated with viramid (1-beta-d-ribofuranozyl-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-carboxamide) a new anti-viral drug. of the patients involved in this study, 5 had chronic hepatitis or prolonged hepatitis and 12 were healthy hbag carriers. results obtained suggest that the drug had some action on serum hbag titres with a decrease or negativation of hbag serum titres in peripheric blood, the evaluation of which was immediately seen by employing the counterimmune elec ... | 1977 | 97122 |
| localization of hepatitis a antigen in liver tissue by peroxidase-conjugated antibody method: light and electron microscopic studies. | hepatitis a antigen (haag) was localized in liver tissue from marmosets inoculated with human hepatitis a virus (hav) by light and electron microscopy by using a peroxidase-conjugated antibody method. the fine granular peroxidase staining was scattered throughout the cytoplasm of liver cells when viewed with the light microscope. the distribution of haag-positive cells was focal. virus-like particles, 24 to 27 nm in diameter, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and smaller cells, resem ... | 1978 | 101591 |
| biochemical and biophysical characterization of light and heavy density hepatitis a virus particles: evidence hav is an rna virus. | heavy density hav was also shown to be sensitive to low concentrations of rnase. the results of these biophysical and biochemical studies strongly support the notion hav is an enterovirus. | 1978 | 27576 |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis from man to chimpanzee. | non-a, non-b hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of human sera. two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from a patient with a clinical and serological diagnosis of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis whose blood appeared to transmit this disease to a nurse following accidental needle-stick, and the other two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from either of two former blood-donors whose hbsag-negative blood appeared to transmit clinically recogn ... | 1978 | 76018 |
| tests in rufiventer and other marmosets of susceptibility to human hepatitis a virus. | the rufiventer marmoset proved equally satisfactory to s. mystax for studies of human hepatitis a virus. c. jacchus, c. argentata, s. weddelli, and s. oedipomidas oedipus were not satisfactory. livers of rufiventer marmosets produced satisfactory cr326 strain hepatitis a antigen for immune adherence tests both in amount and specificity. rufiventer marmosets infected with human hepatitis a virus showed enzyme elevations and high titers of viral antigen in their livers as early as seven days after ... | 1978 | 205858 |
| experimental infection of marmosets with hepatitis a virus. | saguinus mystax marmosets were experimentally infected with two strains of human hepatitis a virus. one of these strains of hav was successfully subpassaged in this species of marmosets. in another experiment, the 1.32 and 1.41 g/cm3 buoyant density species of hav derived from an infected chimpanzee stool were shown to be infectious in three species of marmosets. the value of the marmoset as an experimental model for hepatitis a infection was demonstrated by these studies. | 1978 | 205859 |
| the seroepidemiological pattern of acute viral hepatitis. an epidemiological study on viral hepatitis in the hannover region. | the natural incidence of the etiologically distinct types of viral hepatitis was determined by investigating acute phase sera of symptomatic hepatitis cases occuring in the hannover area in 1975 for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen, antibodies to hepatitis a, hepatitis b core and surface antigens, and by measuring the igm serum levels. fourteen different seroepidemiologic patterns were recognized. although there was a high prevalence of hepatitis a antibody in the population, the freq ... | 1978 | 206514 |
| the changed epidemiology of hepatitis a infection in scandinavia. | the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was studied in a swedish city population. a great difference was observed in different age groups. anti-hav was not found in the serum of young individuals while the prevalence was high in older ages (87% in individuals 60 years or older). this pattern of hepatitis a exposure is quite different from that reported for instance from the mediterranean area and may indicate a very low frequency of hepatitis a exposure in scandinavia t ... | 1978 | 209535 |
| purification of hepatitis a virus from human feces. | hepatitis a virus was purified fecal specimens obtained from 2 patients with naturally acquired hepatitis a. the purification procedure involved differential centrifugation, organic solvent extraction, agarose gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and isopycnic ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride. using immune electron microscopy and discontinuous sds-page, this procedure was found to be effective in removing extraneous material from hepatitis a virus. there was significant recovery of ... | 1978 | 210143 |
| transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients. | nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor viii concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. one patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. the illness was mild and self-limited. no seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, epstein-b ... | 1978 | 210302 |
| immunofluorescence of hepatitis a virus antigen in chimpanzees. | chimpanzee liver biopsies and necropsy tissues were examined by immunofluorescence for hepatitis a virus antigen. results further indicate that the liver may be the sole site of replication for the virus. | 1978 | 211088 |
| [anti hepatitis a antibodies in the french population and in polyvalent plasma immunoglobulins at a transfusion center (gamma ts)]. | a search for antibodies directed specifically against hepatitis virus a was carried out in 600 blood donors in the paris region (354 men and 246 women) by a radio-immunological technic in solid phase. 75.3% had a positive test, no difference was found as regards sex on country of origin (57 were not french). an increase in the frequency of carriers of anti-hav carriers was observed in relation to age, for 48.4% were aged between 18 and 24 years and 85.9% had antibodies after age 40 years. an est ... | 1978 | 211590 |
| solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a virus. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of hepatitis a virus in human fecal specimens. investigations with 88 fecal specimens from 77 patients with suspected viral hepatitis and 8 of their household contacts showed that elisa was as specific and sensitive as radioimmunoassay and almost as sensitive as immune electron microscopy. the elisa is quick and simple to perform, does not require sophisticated technical equipment, and can be read with the naked eye, ma ... | 1978 | 212452 |
| localization of hepatitis a antigen in marmoset organs during acute infection with hepatitis a virus. | twelve marmosets (saguinus mystax) were inoculated intravenously (iv) with hepatitis a virus (hav). one died early (day 12); seven were sacrificed at the time of elevation in level of alanine aminotransferase (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), and four without elevation were not sacrificed but seroconverted. in the seven marmosets sacrificed during the acute stage of illness, hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was detected in the liver by immunofluorescence in all cases, by immune electron microsco ... | 1978 | 212488 |