Publications

isolation of an english uukuvirus (family bunyaviridae).	a virus of the uukuniemi serogroup was isolated from various organs of a moribund kittiwake (rissa tridactyla) and from ticks (ixodes uriae) that were feeding on the bird. the kittiwake was found on marsden beach, north-east england. this is the first virus in the family bunyaviridae to have been isolated in england and only the second english arthropod-borne virus after louping ill virus, family togaviridae (smith & varma, 1981). the possibility of infection of humans by uukuviruses is discusse ...	0	6501877
poteplí - uukuniemi virus isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in slovakia.		1968	4386643
experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with uukuniemi virus.		1970	4394669
the use of cell cultures for some diagnostic methods with uukuniemi virus.		1970	4392925
detection by the fluorescent antibody technique of uukuniemi virus in cell cultures and mouse brain sections.		1970	4392922
the structure of uukuniemi virus.		1970	4192444
uukuniemi virus in small rodents.		1970	4392850
some physical and chemical properties of uukuniemi virus, strain poteplí-63.		1970	4392849
some biological properties of uukuniemi virus, strain poteplí-63.		1970	4392848
electron microscope study on the development of uukuniemi virus.		1970	4392844
pathogenicity of uukuniemi virus for white mice.		1970	4392078
structural components of uukuniemi virus, a noncubical tick-borne arbovirus.		1971	4109526
virus-carrying ticks ixodes ricinus in the mixed natural focus of the central european tick-borne encephalitis virus (cete) and uukuniemi virus (uk).		1971	5163221
the phospholipid composition of uukuniemi virus, a non-cubical tick-borne arbovirus.		1972	4344945
the ribonucleic acids of uukuniemi virus, a noncubical tick-borne arbovirus.		1973	4796549
arboviruses in finland. 3. uukuniemi virus antibodies in human, cattle, and reindeer sera.		1973	4735908
detection of antibodies to sumakh-uukuniemi virus in birds in the complement fixation inhibition test.		1973	4405399
arboviruses in finland. ii. isolation and characterization of uukuniemi virus, a virus associated with ticks and birds.		1973	4122382
[serological examination of the population from the endemic area of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) and uukuniemi virus (ukv)].		1973	4268255
the isolation of an agent related to uukuniemi virus from norwegian ixodes ricinus ticks.		1974	4528041
effect of uukuniemi virus infection on host cell macromolecule synthesis.		1974	4600075
passerine birds in the ecology of uukuniemi virus.		1974	4837432
uukuniemi virus contains an rna polymerase.	an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity has been found associated with uukuniemi virions. the enzyme activity is expressed only after disrupting the virions with the nonionic detergent triton x-100 and is absolutely dependent on mn2+, whereas mg2+ is not required, a finding that distinguishes this polymerase from those of other enveloped minus-strand rna viruses. within the range ph 7.2 to 8.5 no distinct optimum was found. the optimum temperature was between 37 and 40 c. the reaction was not i ...	1975	517
ribonucleoproteins of uukuniemi virus are circular.	the internal ribonucleoprotein (rnp) of uukuniemi virus was released with triton x-100 and analyzed on sucrose gradients. three species of rnp sedimenting at 140 to 150, 105 to 120, and 85 to 90s could be separated. all of them contained the same ratio of core polypeptide (mol wt, 25,000) to rna. eelctron microscopy using rotatory shadowing showed that all three species were circular. free ends were rarely seen. measurements of the strands revealed three distinct length classes of about 2.8, 1.4 ...	1975	1167604
tick-borne viruses in finland.	ixodes ricinus is the only one of six tick species reported from finland found to carry viruses. it transmits tick-borne encephalitis and uukuniemi viruses, and transmission of a kemerovo group virus is suggested by antibody findings. tick-borne encephalitis is common only in the sw-archipelago; it is also found near the se-boarder but is very rare elsewhere. in contrast, uukuniemi virus is common throughout the distribution area of i. ricinus, being commoner on the mainland than in the archipel ...	1975	173939
surface structure of uukuniemi virus.	uukuniemi virus, grown in chicken embryo fibroblasts, has been studied by electron microscopy using negative staining, thin sectioning, and freeze-etching techniques. the spherical virus particle measures about 95 nm in diameter. its envelope consists of a 5-nm thick membrane covered by 8- to 10-nm long surface projections. these are composed of two polypeptides species of about the same size. both of them can be removed by digestion with the proteolytic enzyme thermolysin except for a small fra ...	1975	52726
tick-borne viruses in norway.	the purpose of the investigation was to chart the existence and extent of arboviruses in norway and provide information on their possible significance. virus isolations have been attempted from ticks (i. ricinus, i. trianguliceps, i. uriae) and host animal blood from selected locations. serological screenings have been performed with bird, small mammal, cattle and human blood. five virus strians have been identified to date. three of them are related to uukuniemi virus group. two identical strai ...	1975	1207194
the structure of uukuniemi virus, a proposed member of the bunyaviruses.	uukuniemi virus, a proposed member of the new large bunyavirus group of arboviruses, has an interesting structure which differs in many respects from that of other enveloped rna viruses. the surface structure reveals a clustering of the two glycoproteins into distinct capsomere-like subunits, arranged in a t = 12 icosahedral lattice. the genome is found in at least three pieces that appear to represent unique virus-specific rnas. the ribonucleoproteins corresponding to the rna species are circul ...	1975	1107689
the genome of uukuniemi virus consists of three unique rna segments.	the three rna species isolated from virions of uukuniemi virus, a proposed member of the newly defined bunyaviridae family, have been characterized by analysis of 32p-labeled ribonuclease t1 oligonucleotides separated on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. each species contains unique oligonucleotides not present in the two others, indicating that the genome of this virus is segmented. each segment appears to contain a unique primary sequence with little or no overlapping among the segments. th ...	1977	872219
circular forms of uukuniemi virion rna: an electron microscopic study.	because the ribonucleoprotein forms of the segments of the uukuniemi virus genome have previously been characterized as circular, we examined the isolated rnas by electron microscopy under conditions of increasing denaturation. after spreading under moderately denaturing conditions (50 or 60% formamide), 50 to 70% of the molecules were circular. increasing the formamide concentration to 70 and 85% decreased the number of circular forms, and only linear forms were observed after incubation of the ...	1977	850304
experimental mixed cns infections in mice caused by three ixodes ricinus transmitted arboviruses.	approximately 12-day-old mice were infected intracerebrally with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (strain hypr), unkuniemi virus (strain by e50) and tribec virus, as single virus inoculations, coinfections with two or three viruses, and sequential infections with two or three viruses at 24-hour intervals. the effect of mixed infections on mortality, morbidity and average survival time was recorded. the main findings were that: 1. some mixed infections with tbe and uuk viruses reduced the mort ...	1978	214993
bunyaviridae.	the family bunyaviridae comprises over 200 viruses (serotypes, subtypes, and varieties) that infect vertebrates and/or invertebrates. four genera of viruses have been defined (bunyavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus, and uukuvirus). the main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the virus particles are for the most part uniformly spherical, 80-110 nm in diameter, and possess a unit membrane envelope from which protrude polypeptide spikes 5-10nm long; (ii) the viruses have three helical nucl ...	1980	6165702
studies on bunyaviridae including zaliv terpeniya virus isolated from ixodes uriae ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in brittany, france.	three viruses were isolated from ticks parasitizing nesting seabirds on cape sizun, brittany, france, during the spring of 1979: soldado like virus (bunyaviridae, nairovirus genus) from ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus (argasidae), zaliv terpeniya (zt) virus (bunyaviridae, uukuvirus genus) from ixodes (ceratixodes) uriae (ixodidae) parasitizing chicks of the kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), and a virus of the sakhalin group from i. (c.) uriae. certain virological and ultrastructural properties ...	1981	6173027
in vitro translation of uukuniemi virus-specific rnas: identification of a nonstructural protein and a precursor to the membrane glycoproteins.	we isolated the virus-specific rna species from uukuniemi virus-infected chicken embryo cells and fractionated them by sucrose gradient centrifugation. in addition to three rna species cosedimenting with the three viral rna segments l (29s), m (23s), and s (17s), a fourth major rna species, sedimenting at about 12s (s2), was found early in the infection. annealing experiments indicated that the cytoplasmic l and m rna species consisted of both plus and minus strands, with the plus strands in sli ...	1981	7194383
radioimmune assays and molecular studies that place anopheles b and turlock serogroup viruses in the bunyavirus genus (bunyaviridae).	molecular analyses indicate that turlock virus (tur, turlock serogroup) and boraceia virus (bor, anopheles b serogroup) have virion rna species and polypeptides comparable in size to those of members of the bunyavirus genus and unlike those of members of the newly defined phlebovirus, nairovirus, or uukuvirus genera (bunyaviridae). the 11 terminal 3' end nucleotides of the three virion rna species of both bor and tur viruses (houcaucacaug...) are identical in sequence to the 3' end sequences of ...	1981	7258499
structural characteristics of nairoviruses (genus nairovirus, bunyaviridae).	viruses from six antigenic groups of arthropod-borne viruses [crimean--congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), nairobi sheep disease (nsd), qalyub (qyb), sakhalin (sak), dera ghazi khan (dgk) and hughes (hug) serogroups], some previously categorized as bunyavirus-like viruses and others previously ungrouped, have recently been assembled by serological analyses into a new genus of viruses (nairovirus genus) in the bunyaviridae. molecular studies of the virion rna and viral polypeptides have been underta ...	1981	7299367
uukuniemi virus maturation: accumulation of virus particles and viral antigens in the golgi complex.	we studied the maturation of uukuniemi virus and the localization of the viral surface glycoproteins and nucleocapsid protein in infected cells by electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy with specific antisera prepared in rabbits against the two glycoproteins g1 and g2 and the nucleocapsid protein n. electron microscopy of thin sections from infected cells showed virus particles maturing at smooth-surfaced membranes close to the nucleus. localization of th ...	1982	6891745
monosaccharide sequence of protein-bound glycans of uukuniemi virus.	uukuniemi virus, a member of the bunyaviridae family, was grown in bhk-21 cells in the presence of [(3)h]mannose. the purified virions were disrupted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and digested with pronase. the [(3)h]mannose-labeled glycopeptides of the mixture of the two envelope glycoproteins g1 and g2 were characterized by degrading the glycans with specific exo-and endoglycosidases, by chemical methods, and by analyzing the products with lectin affinity and gel chromatography. the glycopeptide ...	1982	7077748
a sero-epidemiological survey for bunyaviridae and certain other arboviruses in pakistan.	complement fixation test reactions to the following viruses were studied in 372 samples (157 rodents, 172 domestic animals, 43 persons) from pakistan: bunyaviridae, phlebovirus: phlebotomus fever sicilian (pfs), phlebotomus fever naples (pfn), karimabad (kar), salehabad (sal); nairovirus: crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), hazara (haz), dera ghazi khan (dgk), dhori (dho); uukuvirus: manawa (mwa); "possible members": bakau (bak), bhanja (bha). reoviridae, orbivirus: wad medani (wm). unclass ...	1983	6415873
uukuniemi virus maturation: immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal glycoprotein-specific antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies directed against uukuniemi virus glycoproteins g1 and g2 in combination with polyclonal antibodies against the nucleoprotein (n) were used to study the maturation of the virus in golgi complexes of infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and bhk cells. of 25 monoclonal antibodies obtained, 10 were shown to be g1 specific and 15 were shown to be g2 specific by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. in double-staining experiments, some of the monoclonal antibodies gave similar d ...	1984	6374166
evidence for flavivirus(es) outside of the distribution area for ixodes ricinus in norway.	small rodent (vole) sera were collected from three different locations in norway. one of these was within the distribution area for ixodes ricinus, and a tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strain had been isolated from ticks collected there (traavik & mehl, 1977). the two other locations were outside the i. ricinus area, one in southern norway, the other at nearly 70 degrees n. the sera were tested for tbe antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (hi), hemolysis-in-gel (hig) and complement fix ...	1984	6086747
characterization of two recombination-complementation groups of uukuniemi virus temperature-sensitive mutants.	with the aim of isolating temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective in virus maturation or glycoprotein transport, uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, was mutagenized with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. out of 13 initial clones unable to grow at 39 degrees c (non-permissive temperature), five mutants which grew to titres above 10(7) p.f.u./ml at 32 degrees c (permissive temperature) were selected for further studies. the mutants fell into two coinciding recombination-complementation groups. ...	1984	6726186
posttranslational processing of uukuniemi virus glycoproteins g1 and g2.	uukuniemi virus, which matures specifically in the golgi complex, contains two species of envelope glycoproteins, g1 (mr, 70,000) and g2 (mr, 65,000). these are translated as a polyprotein, p110, from an mrna which is complementary to the medium-sized segment of the virion rnas. by synchronized initiation of protein synthesis and pulse-labeling, it was shown that glycoprotein g1 is amino terminal in precursor protein p110. apparently, the nonglycosylated forms of these proteins (mr, 54,000 to 57 ...	1984	6471168
the proteins and rnas of st. abb's head virus, a scottish uukuvirus.	the proteins and rnas of st. abb's head virus have been analysed, and were found to be characteristic of the uukuvirus genus of the family bunyaviridae. two glycoproteins, g1 and g2 (mol. wt. 62k and 75k), and a nucleocapsid protein, n (mol. wt. 25k), were detected in infected cells by immunoprecipitation; the synthesis of n preceded the synthesis of g1 and g2. the glycoproteins were relatively cysteine-rich compared to the n protein, and the unglycosylated forms of g1 and g2 (using the inhibito ...	1985	4039747
effect of monensin on the assembly of uukuniemi virus in the golgi complex.	the effect of the carboxylic ionophore monensin on the maturation of uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, and the transport of its two membrane glycoproteins, g1 and g2, were studied in chicken embryo fibroblasts and baby hamster kidney cells. virus maturation, which occurs in the golgi complex (e. kuismanen, k. hedman, j. saraste, and r. f. pettersson, mol. cell. biol. 2:1444-1458, 1982; e. kuismanen, b. bång, m. hurme, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 51:137-146, 1984), was effectively inhibited by t ...	1985	4020969
synthesis of bunyavirus-specific proteins in a continuous cell line (xtc-2) derived from xenopus laevis.	the xtc-2 cell line, derived from xenopus laevis, supported the replication of representative viruses from each of the four genera in the family bunyaviridae. generally, viral titres were higher in xtc-2 cells than in other susceptible cell lines, and for some viruses plaques were detected earlier in xtc-2 cells. the xtc-2 cell line permitted comparative analyses of bunyavirus-specific protein synthesis. the patterns of synthesis of viral proteins, characteristic of each of the genera, were obse ...	1985	3973561
efficient transport of semliki forest virus glycoproteins through a golgi complex morphologically altered by uukuniemi virus glycoproteins.	in infected bhk21 cells, the glycoproteins g1 and g2 of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts12) of uukuniemi virus (uuk) accumulate at 39 degrees c in the golgi complex (gc) causing an expansion and vacuolization of this organelle. we have studied whether such an altered golgi complex can carry out the glycosylation and transport to the plasma membrane (pm) of the semliki forest virus (sfv) glycoproteins in double-infected cells. double-immunofluorescence staining showed that approximately 90% of ...	1986	3545812
phenotypic mixing between vesicular stomatitis and uukuniemi viruses.	the population of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) which reproduced in cells preinfected with uukuniemi virus (uuk) contained a proportion of vsv (uuk) pseudotypes. the virions containing the vsv genome were resistant to anti-vsv serum and neutralized with anti-uuk serum. in addition to previous reports on phenotypic mixing of different families of enveloped viruses, the combination of rhabdovirus surface antigen with bunyavirus genome is described.	1986	2881472
uukuniemi virus glycoproteins accumulate in and cause morphological changes of the golgi complex in the absence of virus maturation.	we have studied the transport of the uukuniemi virus membrane glycoproteins in baby hamster kidney and chick embryo cells by using a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts12). uukuniemi virus assembles in the golgi complex, where both glycoproteins g1 and g2 and nucleocapsid protein n accumulate (e. kuismanen, b. bång, m. hurme, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 51:137-146, 1984). at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees c), the glycoproteins of ts12 were transported to the golgi complex as in wild-ty ...	1986	3512854
efficient export of secretory proteins through a vacuolized golgi complex.	the transport of the secretory proteins fibronectin (fn) and procollagen (pc) was studied in cells infected with the temperature-sensitive mutant ts 12 of uukuniemi virus. using pulse-labeling followed by immunoprecipitation and sds-page (fn), or by determination of radioactivity incorporated into hydroxyproline (pc) at different time points we could show that the secretion rates for these proteins were normal although the golgi complex had become vacuolized as a result of infection with the vir ...	1987	3308124
[isolation of a tahyna-like virus (bunyaviridae, bunyavirus, california encephalitis complex) on northern sakhalin island].	the strain leiv-11483 sak of tahyna virus or a virus closely related to it antigenically was isolated from aedes spp. mosquitoes (predominantly a. communis) collected august 25, 1985, in the light coniferous subzone of the mid-taiga landscape zone in the north of sakhalin island (54 degrees n, 142 degrees e). altogether, 17.8 thousand mosquitoes were examined which were collected in june-august, 1985, in the light and dark coniferous subzones of mid-taiga. in the human population, virus-neutrali ...	1987	2893491
complete nucleotide sequence of the m rna segment of uukuniemi virus encoding the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2.	we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the virion m rna segment of uukuniemi virus (uukuvirus genus, bunyaviridae) from cloned cdna. the rna that encodes the two membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 is 3231 residues long (mol wt 1.1 x 10(6)). the 5' and 3' ends of the rna are partially complementary to each other for some 30 bp, enabling the formation of a stable panhandle structure (delta g = -40 kcal/mol) and the circularization of the molecule. the extreme 5' and 3' terminal nucle ...	1987	3629974
[isolation of viruses of antigenic complexes of california encephalitis and bunyamwera (bunyaviridae, bunuavirus) from mosquitoes in northeast asia].	studies in suckling mice and by direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay were carried out with 111,1 thousand aedes mosquitoes collected in july, 1986, in tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of kamchatka region and chukotka autonomous district of magadan region (north-pacific natural area within 69 degrees-53 degrees north and 156 degrees-177 degrees east). eleven strains were isolated of which 7 were classified as members of the california encephalitis complex (tahyna-like strains) and 4 as ...	1989	2800529
uukuniemi virus s rna segment: ambisense coding strategy, packaging of complementary strands into virions, and homology to members of the genus phlebovirus.	we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the small (s) rna segment of uukuniemi virus, the prototype of the uukuvirus genus within the bunyaviridae family. the rna, which is 1,720 nucleotides long, contains two nonoverlapping open reading frames. the 5' end of one strand (complementary to the viral strand) encodes the nonstructural protein nss (273 residues; molecular weight, 32,019), whereas the 5' end of the viral-sense strand encodes the nucleocapsid protein n (254 residues; molecula ...	1990	2136709
formation and intracellular transport of a heterodimeric viral spike protein complex.	we have analyzed the heterodimerization and intracellular transport from the er to the golgi complex (gc) of two membrane glycoproteins of a bunyavirus (uukuniemi virus) that matures by a budding process in the gc. the glycoproteins g1 and g2, which form the viral spikes, are cotranslationally cleaved in the er from a 110,000-d precursor. newly synthesized g1 was transported to the gc and incorporated into virus particles about 30-45 min faster than newly synthesized g2. analysis of the kinetics ...	1991	1988460
sequences and coding strategies of the s rnas of toscana and rift valley fever viruses compared to those of punta toro, sicilian sandfly fever, and uukuniemi viruses.	the sequences and coding strategies of the s rnas of two viruses, toscana (tos) and the m12 derivative of rift valley fever zh-548 (rvf, phlebovirus genus, bunyaviridae) have been determined from cdna clones and compared to the previously published sequences of punta toro (pt), sandfly fever sicilian (sfs), and uukuniemi (uuk) viruses. all five viruses exhibit an ambisense coding strategy for their small (s) rna species, i.e., one gene product (the nss protein) is encoded in the 5' half of the v ...	1991	1846496
host-derived 5' ends and overlapping complementary 3' ends of the two mrnas transcribed from the ambisense s segment of uukuniemi virus.	two mrnas, coding for the n and nss proteins, are transcribed from the small (s) uukuniemi virus rna segment by an ambisense strategy (j. f. simons, u. hellman, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 64:247-255, 1990). in this report, we describe the analysis of the 5' and 3' ends of the two mrnas. primer extension as well as cloning and sequencing of individual mrnas showed that the 5' ends of both mrnas contained nonviral sequences ranging from 7 to 25 residues in length (mean, 12 residues), indicati ...	1991	1831239
arthropod vectors in the evolution of bunyaviruses.	viruses from each genus of bunyaviridae have preferential relationships to the arthropods of only one or two families, i.e. bunyavirus to mosquitoes (culicidae), phlebovirus to sand flies (psychodidae) and mosquitoes, uukuvirus and nairovirus to ticks (ixodidae and argasidae). an exception is genus hantavirus not proven to be transmitted by vectors. within the bunyavirus genus 16 serogroups have been recognized on the basis of their antigenic relationship. based on isolations from the nature eac ...	1991	1683124
nucleotide sequence and coding strategy of the uukuniemi virus l rna segment.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the l rna segment of uukuniemi virus has been determined from cloned cdna. the l rna is 6423 nucleotides in length, and is of negative polarity. the viral-complementary rna contains a single large open reading frame of 2104 codons which corresponds to the l protein (m(r) 241039). comparison with the l protein sequences of other members of the bunyaviridae showed homology with the rift valley fever phlebovirus l protein (38% amino acid identity), but no detecta ...	1992	1629699
the m rna of impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae) has an ambisense genomic organization.	the nucleotide sequence of impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) m rna was determined from cdna clones. the insv m rna was 4972 nucleotides in length with two open reading frames (orfs) in an ambisense genomic organization. the larger orf near the 3' end of the viral rna, coding for a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 124.9 kda, was in the viral complementary sense and produced the g2 and g1 proteins. a smaller orf in the viral sense was capable of coding for a 34.1-kda polypeptide, de ...	1992	1585644
association of the nonstructural protein nss of uukuniemi virus with the 40s ribosomal subunit.	the small rna segment (s segment) of uukuniemi (uuk) virus encodes two proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (n) and a nonstructural protein (nss), by an ambisense strategy. the function of nss has not been elucidated for any of the bunyaviruses expressing this protein. we have now expressed the n and nss proteins in sf9 insect cells by using the baculovirus expression system. high yields of both proteins were obtained. a monospecific antibody was raised against gel-purified nss and used to study t ...	1992	1534850
localization to the golgi complex of uukuniemi virus glycoproteins g1 and g2 expressed from cloned cdnas.	the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, accumulate in the golgi complex (gc) during virus infection. these proteins have therefore been considered to be good models for studying the intracellular transport to and retention in the gc. in this study, i have used indirect immunofluorescence to localize in cos cells the uukuniemi virus glycoproteins g1 and g2 expressed together or separately from cloned cdnas with use of simian virus 40-based vectors. when expressed to ...	1992	1602557
the membrane glycoprotein g1 of uukuniemi virus contains a signal for localization to the golgi complex.	members of the bunyaviridae family acquire their envelopes by budding into the golgi complex (gc). the accumulation of the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 in the gc probably determines the site of maturation. here we have studied the intracellular transport and targeting to the gc of g1 and g2 of uukuniemi virus, a member of the phlebovirus genus, and report on their expression from cloned cdnas either together or separately by using a t7 rna polymerase-driven vaccinia virus expression system. ...	1995	7625126
homodimeric association of the spike glycoproteins g1 and g2 of uukuniemi virus.	we have studied the interactions of the g1 and g2 membrane glycoproteins of uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, in virus particles and in triton x-100-solubilized virus. the g1 glycoprotein in intact virus or in triton solution could be oxidized into a covalent homodimer using cu2+ ion as a catalyst. immunoprecipitations of the glycoproteins from triton-solubilized virus lysates showed that g1 and g2 do not form a stable heterodimeric or heterooligomeric complex. the oligomeric association of g1 and ...	1995	7645217
processing and membrane topology of the spike proteins g1 and g2 of uukuniemi virus.	the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of the members of the bunyaviridae family are synthesized as a precursor from a single open reading frame. here, we have analyzed the processing and membrane insertion of g1 and g2 of a member of the phlebovirus genus, uukuniemi virus. by expressing c-terminally truncated forms of the p10 precursor containing the whole of g1 and decreasing portions of g2, we found that processing in bhk21 cells occurred with an efficiency of about 50% if g1 was followed by 50 ...	1997	8985341
immunocytochemical analysis of uukuniemi virus budding compartments: role of the intermediate compartment and the golgi stack in virus maturation.	previous studies have suggested that uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, matures at the membranes of the golgi complex. in this study we have employed immunocytochemical techniques to analyze in detail the budding compartment(s) of the virus. electron microscopy of infected bhk-21 cells showed that virus particles are found in the cisternae throughout the golgi stack. within the cisternae, the virus particles were located preferentially in the dilated rims. this would suggest that virus budding may b ...	1997	8995638
a retention signal necessary and sufficient for golgi localization maps to the cytoplasmic tail of a bunyaviridae (uukuniemi virus) membrane glycoprotein.	members of the bunyaviridae family mature by a budding process in the golgi complex. the site of maturation is thought to be largely determined by the accumulation of the two spike glycoproteins, g1 and g2, in this organelle. here we show that the signal for localizing the uukuniemi virus (a phlebovirus) spike protein complex to the golgi complex resides in the cytoplasmic tail of g1. we constructed chimeric proteins in which the ectodomain, transmembrane domain (tmd), and cytoplasmic tail (ct) ...	1997	9151865
targeting of a short peptide derived from the cytoplasmic tail of the g1 membrane glycoprotein of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) to the golgi complex.	members of the bunyaviridae family acquire an envelope by budding through the lipid bilayer of the golgi complex. the budding compartment is thought to be determined by the accumulation of the two heterodimeric membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 in the golgi. we recently mapped the retention signal for golgi localization in one bunyaviridae member (uukuniemi virus) to the cytoplasmic tail of g1. we now show that a myc-tagged 81-residue g1 tail peptide expressed in bhk21 cells is efficiently target ...	1998	9811692
chizé virus, a new phlebovirus isolated in france from ixodes (trichotoixodes) frontalis.	a new phlebovirus (bunyaviridae family, phlebovirus genus), provisionally designed chizé virus, was isolated from a nymph of ixodes (trichotoixodes) frontalis collected on a wren (troglodytes troglodytes) found dead in the chizé forest, western france. chizé virus produced a lethal encephalitis in one-day-old mice and cytopathic effect (cpe) in vero cells. extracellular particles with a mean diameter of 105 nm with surface spikes characteristic of uukuniemi (uuk) serogroup viruses were observed ...	1999	10757227
transient association of calnexin and calreticulin with newly synthesized g1 and g2 glycoproteins of uukuniemi virus (family bunyaviridae).	the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of uukuniemi virus, a member of the bunyaviridae family, are cotranslationally cleaved from a common precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). here, we show that newly made g1 and g2 associate transiently with calnexin and calreticulin, two lectins involved in glycoprotein folding in the er. stable complexes between g1-g2 and calnexin or calreticulin could be immunoprecipitated after solubilization of virus-infected bhk21 cells with the detergents digitoni ...	1999	10364370
reverse genetics system for uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae): rna polymerase i-catalyzed expression of chimeric viral rnas.	we describe here the development of a reverse genetics system for the phlebovirus uukuniemi virus, a member of the bunyaviridae family, by using rna polymerase i (pol i)-mediated transcription. complementary dnas containing the coding sequence for either chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) or green fluorescent protein (gfp) (both in antisense orientation) were flanked by the 5'- and 3'-terminal untranslated regions of the uukuniemi virus sense or complementary rna derived from the medium-siz ...	2001	11160662
mutational analysis of the uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae family) promoter reveals two elements of functional importance.	we have performed an extensive mutational analysis of the proposed promoter region of the phlebovirus uukuniemi (uuk), a member of the bunyaviridae family. this was achieved by using a recently developed rna polymerase i (pol i)-driven reverse genetics system (r. flick and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 75:1643-1655, 2001). chimeric cdnas containing the coding region for the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) in an antisense orientation were flanked by the 5'- and 3'-terminal nontrans ...	2002	12368328
functional analysis of the noncoding regions of the uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) rna segments.	the role of the variable portion of the noncoding regions (ncrs) of the three bunyaviridae rna segments (l, m, s) in transcription, replication, and packaging was studied using the recently developed plasmid-driven rna polymerase i minigenome system for uukuniemi (uuk) virus, genus phlebovirus (11), as a model. comparison of the different segments showed that all ncrs were sufficient to mediate transcription/replication of a minigenome but demonstrated decreased promoter strength in the order m ...	2004	15479814
rt-nested pcr detection of mourilyan virus in australian penaeus monodon and its tissue distribution in healthy and moribund prawns.	mourilyan virus (mov) is a newly identified virus of penaeus monodon prawns that is genetically related to the uukuniemi virus and other phleboviruses of the bunyaviridae. this paper describes an rt-nested pcr test that can reliably detect between 2 and 6 copies of a synthetic mov rna. total rna isolated from the lymphoid organ, gills and haemocytes of p. monodon with moderate infections gave comparable amplicon yields in the rt-pcr step of the test. however, in prawns with extremely low-level i ...	2005	16231634
generation and analysis of infectious virus-like particles of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae): a useful system for studying bunyaviral packaging and budding.	in the present report we describe an infectious virus-like particle (vlp) system for the uukuniemi (uuk) virus, a member of the bunyaviridae family. it utilizes our recently developed reverse genetic system based on the rna polymerase i minigenome system for uuk virus used to study replication, encapsidation, and transcription by monitoring reporter gene expression. here, we have added the glycoprotein precursor expression plasmid together with the minigenome, nucleoprotein, and polymerase to ge ...	2006	16928751
the cytoplasmic tails of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins are important for intracellular targeting and the budding of virus-like particles.	functional motifs within the cytoplasmic tails of the two glycoproteins g(n) and g(c) of uukuniemi virus (uuk) (bunyaviridae family) were identified with the help of our recently developed virus-like particle (vlp) system for uuk virus (a. k. overby, v. popov, e. p. neve, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 80:10428-10435, 2006). we previously reported that information necessary for the packaging of ribonucleoproteins into vlps is located within the g(n) cytoplasmic tail (a. k. overby, r. f. petters ...	2007	17670814
the glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) interacts with ribonucleoproteins and is critical for genome packaging.	we have analyzed the importance of specific amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of the glycoprotein g(n) for packaging of ribonucleoproteins (rnps) into virus-like particles (vlps) of uukuniemi virus (uuk virus), a member of the bunyaviridae family. in order to study packaging, we added the g(n)/g(c) glycoprotein precursor (p110) to a polymerase i-driven minigenome rescue system to generate vlps that are released into the supernatant. these particles can infect new cells, and reporter gene expre ...	2007	17229712
insights into bunyavirus architecture from electron cryotomography of uukuniemi virus.	bunyaviridae is a large family of viruses that have gained attention as "emerging viruses" because many members cause serious disease in humans, with an increasing number of outbreaks. these negative-strand rna viruses possess a membrane envelope covered by glycoproteins. the virions are pleiomorphic and thus have not been amenable to structural characterization using common techniques that involve averaging of electron microscopic images. here, we determined the three-dimensional structure of a ...	2008	18272496
three-dimensional organization of rift valley fever virus revealed by cryoelectron tomography.	rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a member of the bunyaviridae virus family (genus phlebovirus) and is considered to be one of the most important pathogens in africa, causing viral zoonoses in livestock and humans. here, we report the characterization of the three-dimensional structural organization of rvfv vaccine strain mp-12 by cryoelectron tomography. vitrified-hydrated virions were found to be spherical, with an average diameter of 100 nm. the virus glycoproteins formed cylindrical hollow s ...	2008	18715915
[neglected arthropod-borne viral infections in the czech republic].	central european encephalitis is the most common arthropod-borne virus disease in the czech republic, with the mean annual incidence of 6 cases per 100 000 population. however, seven less known arboviruses (flavivirus west nile, bunyavirus tahyna, bunyavirus batai, bunyavirus sedlec, bunyavirus lednice, orbivirus tribee, uukuvirus uukuniemi) also circulate in this country, of which west nile, tahyna, tribec and possibly batai have been reported to cause human disease. moreover, antibodies agains ...	2008	18767374
electron cryo-microscopy and single-particle averaging of rift valley fever virus: evidence for gn-gc glycoprotein heterodimers.	rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a member of the genus phlebovirus within the family bunyaviridae. it is a mosquito-borne zoonotic agent that can cause hemorrhagic fever in humans. the enveloped rvfv virions are known to be covered by capsomers of the glycoproteins g(n) and g(c), organized on a t=12 icosahedral lattice. however, the structural units forming the rvfv capsomers have not been determined. conflicting biochemical results for another phlebovirus (uukuniemi virus) have indicated the e ...	2009	19193794
ticks associated with macquarie island penguins carry arboviruses from four genera.	macquarie island, a small subantarctic island, is home to rockhopper, royal and king penguins, which are often infested with the globally distributed seabird tick, ixodes uriae. a flavivirus, an orbivirus, a phlebovirus, and a nairovirus were isolated from these ticks and partial sequences obtained. the flavivirus was nearly identical to gadgets gully virus, isolated some 30 year previously, illustrating the remarkable genetic stability of this virus. the nearest relative to the orbivirus (for w ...	2009	19194498
entry of bunyaviruses into mammalian cells.	the bunyaviridae constitute a large family of enveloped animal viruses, many members of which cause serious diseases. however, early bunyavirus-host cell interactions and entry mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. investigating uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus of the genus phlebovirus, we found that virus attachment to the cell surface was specific but inefficient, with 25% of bound viruses being endocytosed within 10 min, mainly via noncoated vesicles. the viruses entered rab5a+ early endoso ...	2010	20542252
oligomerization of uukuniemi virus nucleocapsid protein.	uukuniemi virus (uukv) belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae. as a non-pathogenic virus for humans uukv has served as a safe model bunyavirus in a number of studies addressing fundamental questions such as organization and regulation of viral genes, genome replication, structure and assembly. the present study is focused on the oligomerization of the uukv nucleocapsid (n) protein, which plays an important role in several steps of virus replication. the aim was to locate the ...	2010	20698970
development of a flow-trough microarray based reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for the detection of european bunyaviruses.	it is suspected that apart from tick-borne encephalitis virus several additional european arboviruses such as the sandfly borne toscana virus, sandfly fever sicilian virus and sandfly fever naples virus, mosquito-borne tahyna virus, inkoo virus, batai virus and tick-borne uukuniemi virus cause aseptic meningo-encephalitis or febrile disease in europe. currently, the microarray technology is developing rapidly and there are many efforts to apply it to infectious diseases diagnostics. in order to ...	2011	21390485
Metagenomic analysis of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: discovery of a new bunyavirus.	Since 2007, many cases of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) have emerged in Henan Province, China. Patient reports of tick bites suggested that infection could contribute to FTLS. Many tick-transmitted microbial pathogens were tested for by PCR/RT-PCR and/or indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). However, only 8% (24/285) of samples collected from 2007 to 2010 tested positive for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), suggesting that other pathogens could be involved. Here ...	2011	22114553
Histone deacetylase 8 is required for centrosome cohesion and influenza A virus entry.	Influenza A virus (IAV) enters host cells by endocytosis followed by acid-activated penetration from late endosomes (LEs). Using siRNA silencing, we found that histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a cytoplasmic enzyme, efficiently promoted productive entry of IAV into tissue culture cells, whereas HDAC1 suppressed it. HDAC8 enhanced endocytosis, acidification, and penetration of the incoming virus. In contrast, HDAC1 inhibited acidification and penetration. The effects were connected with dramatic alt ...	2011	22046129
tick-borne viruses in europe.	the aim of this review is to present briefly background information on 27 tick-borne viruses ("tiboviruses") that have been detected in europe, viz flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (tbev), louping-ill (liv), tyuleniy (tyuv), and meaban (meav); orthobunyaviruses bahig (bahv) and matruh (mtrv); phleboviruses grand arbaud (gav), ponteves (ptvv), uukuniemi (uukv), zaliv terpeniya (ztv), and st. abb's head (sahv); nairoviruses soldado (solv), puffin island (piv), avalon (avav), clo mor (cmv), cri ...	2012	22526290
mutational analysis of positively charged amino acid residues of uukuniemi phlebovirus nucleocapsid protein.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of positively charged amino acid residues for the uukuniemi virus (uukv) n protein functionality. based on phlebovirus nucleocapsid (n) protein alignments and 3d-structure predictions of uukv n protein, 14 positively charged residues were chosen as targets for the mutagenesis. the impact of mutations to the n protein functionality was analyzed using minigenome-, virus-like particle-, and mammalian two-hybrid-assays. seven of the mutations af ...	2012	22808531
genetic characterization of bhanja virus and palma virus, two tick-borne phleboviruses.	the genomes of bhanja virus (bhav) and palma virus (palv) two tick-borne viruses hitherto grouped into the bhanja virus antigenic complex of the bunyaviridae were determined by pyrosequencing. phylogenetic analysis groups all three segments of bhav and palv into a distinct clade of tick-borne phleboviruses together with the newly described severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and uukuniemi virus. the terminal signature sequences which are signatures for taxonomic grouping and import ...	2012	22806684
role of dc-sign in lassa virus entry into human dendritic cells.	the arenavirus lassa virus (lasv) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans. antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (dcs), are early and preferred targets of lasv, and their productive infection contributes to the virus-induced immunosuppression observed in fatal disease. here, we characterized the role of the c-type lectin dc-specific icam-3-grabbing nonintegrin (dc-sign) in lasv entry into primary human dcs using a chimera of the prototypic arenavirus lym ...	2013	23966408
characterization of the uukuniemi virus group (phlebovirus: bunyaviridae): evidence for seven distinct species.	evolutionary insights into the phleboviruses are limited because of an imprecise classification scheme based on partial nucleotide sequences and scattered antigenic relationships. in this report, the serologic and phylogenetic relationships of the uukuniemi group viruses and their relationships with other recently characterized tick-borne phleboviruses are described using full-length genome sequences. we propose that the viruses currently included in the uukuniemi virus group be assigned to five ...	2013	23283959
reverse genetics system for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that was first reported in china in 2009. phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome showed that sfts virus represents a new lineage within the phlebovirus genus, distinct from the existing sandfly fever and uukuniemi virus groups, in the family bunyaviridae. sfts disease is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, joint pain, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and some hemorrhagic mani ...	2014	25552716
genome-wide small interfering rna screens reveal vamp3 as a novel host factor required for uukuniemi virus late penetration.	the bunyaviridae constitute a large family of enveloped animal viruses, many of which are important emerging pathogens. how bunyaviruses enter and infect mammalian cells remains largely uncharacterized. we used two genome-wide silencing screens with distinct small interfering rna (sirna) libraries to investigate host proteins required during infection of human cells by the bunyavirus uukuniemi virus (uukv), a late-penetrating virus. sequence analysis of the libraries revealed that many sirnas in ...	2014	24850728
[threat of transmission of infectious pathogens by ixodes ricinus ticks in germany].	tick-transmitted diseases are of great importance for the general health of the german population. several viruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), uukuniemi virus, tribec virus, eyach virus or bacteria, such as borrelia, rickettsiae, francisella tularensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis (cnm) and coxiella burnetii were detected in the most prominent tick in germany, the hard tick ixodes ricinus. while infections, such as tbe and lyme disease are wel ...	2014	24781911
uukuniemi phlebovirus assembly and secretion leave a functional imprint on the virion glycome.	uukuniemi virus (uukv) is a model system for investigating the genus phlebovirus of the bunyaviridae. we report the uukv glycome, revealing differential processing of the gn and gc virion glycoproteins. both glycoproteins display poly-n-acetyllactosamines, consistent with virion assembly in the medial golgi apparatus, whereas oligomannose-type glycans required for dc-sign-dependent cellular attachment are predominant on gc. local virion structure and the route of viral egress from the cell leave ...	2014	24942574
genome-wide analysis of synonymous codon usage in huaiyangshan virus and other bunyaviruses.	huaiyangshan virus (hysv) is a newly discovered bunyavirus, which is transmitted by ticks and causes hemorrhagic fever-like illness in human. the interplay of codon usage among viruses and their hosts is expected to affect viral survival, evasion from host's immune system and evolution. however, little is known about the codon usage in hysv genome. in the present study, we analyzed synonymous codon usage in 120 available full-length hysv sequences and performed a comparative analysis of synonymo ...	2015	26173646
generation of mutant uukuniemi viruses lacking the nonstructural protein nss by reverse genetics indicates that nss is a weak interferon antagonist.	uukuniemi virus (uukv) is a tick-borne member of the phlebovirus genus (family bunyaviridae) and has been widely used as a safe laboratory model to study aspects of bunyavirus replication. recently, a number of new tick-borne phleboviruses have been discovered, some of which, like severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and heartland virus, are highly pathogenic in humans. uukv could now serve as a useful comparator to understand the molecular basis for the different pathogenicities of ...	2015	25673721
the role of phlebovirus glycoproteins in viral entry, assembly and release.	bunyaviruses are enveloped viruses with a tripartite rna genome that can pose a serious threat to animal and human health. members of the phlebovirus genus of the family bunyaviridae are transmitted by mosquitos and ticks to humans and include highly pathogenic agents like rift valley fever virus (rvfv) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) as well as viruses that do not cause disease in humans, like uukuniemi virus (uukv). phleboviruses and other bunyaviruses use their e ...	2016	27455305
uukuniemi virus as a tick-borne virus model.	in the last decade, novel tick-borne pathogenic phleboviruses in the family bunyaviridae, all closely related to uukuniemi virus (uukv), have emerged on different continents. to reproduce the tick-mammal switch in vitro, we first established a reverse genetics system to rescue uukv with a genome close to that of the authentic virus isolated from the ixodes ricinus tick reservoir. the ire/ctvm19 and ire/ctvm20 cell lines, both derived from i. ricinus, were susceptible to the virus rescued from pl ...	2016	27194760