Publications

some physical-chemical and biological properties of the rod-shaped coliphage m13.		1964	14227037
the initial steps in infection with coliphage m13.		1964	14227038
replication of the single-stranded dna of the male-specific bacteriophage m13. isolation of intracellular forms of phage-specific dna.	the intracellular dna has been isolated from escherichia coli f+ cells infected with the small male-specific bacteriophage m13 and fractionated on a methylated albumin-kieselguhr column. two infectious forms of phage-specific dna were isolated and identified as a double-stranded replicative form and single-stranded dna on the basis of their elution from the methylated albumin-kieselguhr column, infectivity to spheroplasts before and after heating, sedimentation at low ionic strength and buoyant ...	1966	19768864
replication of the single-stranded dna of the male-specific bacteriophage m13: circular forms of the replicative dna.	equilibrium centrifugation in caesium chloride, band sedimentation in alkaline solutions and electron microscopy have been used to study purified preparations of the m13 replicative dna. the buoyant density of the m13 replicative dna in a cscl density gradient is 1.701, compared to a density of 1-710 for escherichia coli dna. when the replicative dna is sedimented in alkaline solutions of cscl (p = 1.35), two components are observed with uncorrected s-values of 48.6 +/- 0.2 and 15.2 +/- 0.5. tre ...	1966	19768865
enzymatic mechanisms of dna replication.	dna polymerases purified from several sources are characterized by replication of the 3'-hydroxy-terminated strand of a helical template. failure to achieve simultaneous replication of the 5'-strand leads to aberrations in the synthesized dna, described as nondenaturability and branching. aberrations in synthesized dna were not observed when (a) the 5'-strand was destroyed by a specific nuclease during the course of replication or (b) a single-stranded (circular) phage (m13) dna served as templa ...	1966	5338562
conditional lethal mutants of the small filamentous coliphage m13. i. isolation, complementation, cell killing, time of cistron action.		1966	5921643
purification and properties of diploid particles of coliphage m13.		1967	5337710
genetic control of bacteriophage m13 dna synthesis.		1968	4939035
replication of bacteriophage m13. ii. the role of replicative forms in single-strand synthesis.		1969	5401238
replication of bacteriophage m13. 3. identification of the intracellular single-straned dna.		1969	5401239
replication of bacteriophage m13. i. sedimentation analysis of crude lysates of m13-infected bacteria.		1969	4890599
replication of the single-stranded dna bacteriophage m13: messenger rna synthesis directed by m13 replicative form dna.		1969	4902522
loss of an episomal fertility factor following the multiplication of coliphage m13.		1969	4904513
the proteins of bacteriophage m13.	particles of the small filamentous coliphage m13 contain not only the major coat protein, which is the product of phage gene 8, but also a minor coat protein, the a protein, which is the product of gene 3. the a protein has a molecular weight of approximately 70,000 daltons, is present in one copy per virion, and is responsible for phage attachment to host cells. also associated with purified m13 particles is a minor quantity of very small proteinaceous material, but its origin as a phage-coded ...	1969	5257006
conditional lethal mutants of the small filamentous coliphage m13. ii. two genes for coat proteins.		1969	5807970
replication of the single-stranded dna bacteriophage m13: absence of intracellular phages.		1970	4915300
interference by bacteriophage t4 in the reproduction of the single-stranded dna phage m13.		1970	4918275
susceptibility of e. coli k-12 to actinomycin d after infection with phage m13.		1970	4919773
increased fragility of escherichia coli after infection with bacteriophage m13.	male strains of escherichia coli infected with filamentous phage m13 released the progeny phage particles from intact cells. at the same time, the cells continued to grow and multiply at a slightly lower rate than the uninfected cells. concomitant with the phage release, lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall of the infected cells was also released. the buoyant density of e. coli hfrc in diaginol, 1.25 g/cc, did not change as a result of infection. detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate and sarko ...	1970	4921123
conformations of the single-stranded dna of bacteriophage m13.	at least two conformations of m13 single-stranded dna have been demonstrated by measuring differences in sedimentation coefficient and by direct visualization in the electron microscope. which form is obtained from infected cells and/or intact phage depends on the ph, ionic strength, and temperature. the slower-sedimenting form can be converted to the faster-sedimenting, single-stranded form by low ionic strength, alkali treatment, formamide, or formaldehyde, but not by exposure to 100 degrees c ...	1970	4922292
replication of bacteriophage m13. iv. synthesis of m13-specific dna in the presence of chloramphenicol.		1970	4923999
replication of the small coliphage m13: evidence for long-living m13 specific messenger rna.		1970	5422625
replication of bacteriophage m13. vi. attachment of m13 dna to a fast-sedimenting host cell component.		1971	4940969
a possible role for rna polymerase in the initiation of m13 dna synthesis.	the conversion of single-stranded dna of bacteriophage m13 to the double-stranded replicative form in escherichia coli is blocked by rifampicin, an antibiotic that specifically inhibits the host-cell rna polymerase. chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, does not block this conversion. the next stage in phage dna replication, multiplication of the doublestranded forms, is also inhibited by rifampicin; chloramphenicol, although inhibitory, has a much smaller effect. an e. coli mutant ...	1971	4941987
replication of bacteriophage m13. detachment of the parental dna from the host membrane and transfer to progeny phages.		1971	4942146
role of coliphage m13 gene 5 in single-stranded dna production.		1971	4943754
membrane attachment of replicating parental dna molecules of bacteriophage m13.		1971	4927799
replication of bacteriophage m13. v. single-strand synthesis during m13 infection.		1971	4930572
non-essentiality of the reca- mutation in the phenomenon of bacteriophage m13-induced elimination of f' factors.	the elimination of f' factors promoted by coliphage m13 infection can occur in reca(+) as well as reca(-) merodiploid strains of escherichia coli k-12.	1971	4934058
ultraviolet-induced cross-links in the deoxyribonucleic acid of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid viruses as a probe of deoxyribonucleic acid packaging.	deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from ultraviolet (uv)-irradiated phix174 sediments in alkali at rates up to 1.7 times that of unirradiated phix174 dna and is observed as a condensed, cross-linked structure when examined in the electron microscope by the formamide spreading technique. this structure appears to result from multiple cross-links induced in the tightly coiled dna contained within the spherical phix174 capsid. in contrast, the dna extracted after uv irradiation of the filamentous bacterio ...	1972	5036669
nucleotide sequencing of dna: preliminary characterization of the products of specific cleavages at guanine, cytosine, or adenine residues (bacteriophage m13-ribosubstitution-dna polymerase i-electrophoresis-two-dimensional fingerprinting).	dna synthesized in vitro from a phage m13 template has been cleaved at either guanine, adenine, or cytosine residues by ribosubstitution techniques. fingerprints of the fragments obtained suggest that dna sequencing will be possible with this technique.	1972	4500550
replication of bacteriophage m13: specificity of the escherichia coli dnab function for replication of double-stranded m13 dna.	infection of the temperature-sensitive e. coli mutant hfrh 165/70 (dnab) with the filamentous single-stranded dna phage m13 is abortive at the restrictive temperature. upon infection at 41 degrees , single-stranded phage dna penetrates the cell and is converted in a rifampicin-sensitive step to the double-stranded replicative form (rf). the parental rf attaches to the cell membrane, but subsequent replication of the rf is blocked. it is concluded that in m13 infection semiconservative rf replica ...	1972	4560691
transfer among erwinia spp. and other enterobacteria of antibiotic resistance carried on r factors.	antibiotic resistance carried on r factors was transferred by conjugation from escherichia coli b/r and shigella flexneri 1a to erwinia spp. tetracycline resistance (tetr) carried on r factor r100 drd-56 was transferred from e. coli b/r to strains of erwinia amylovora, e. aroideae, e. atroseptica, e. chrysanthemi, e. cytolytica, e. dissolvens, e. herbicola, e. nigrifluens, and e. nimipressuralis, but not to strains of erwinia carotovora, e. carnegieana, e. dieffenbachiae, e. oleraceae, and e. qu ...	1972	4562410
replication of bacteriophage m13. vii. requirement of the gene 2 protein for the accumulation of a specific rfii species.		1972	4567400
genetic transfer of episomic elements among erwinia species and other enterobacteria: f'lac+.	the episomic element f'lac(+) was transferred, probably by conjugation, from escherichia coli to lac(-) strains of erwinia herbicola, erwinia amylovora, and erwinia chrysanthemi (but not to several other erwinia spp. in preliminary trials). the lac genes in the exconjugants of the erwinia spp. showed varying degrees of stability depending on the strain (stable in e. herbicola strains y46 and y74 and e. amylovora strain ea178, but markedly unstable in e. chrysanthemi strain ec16). the lac genes a ...	1972	4591473
loss of r factors promoted by bacteriophage m13 and the m13 carrier state.	the infection of different hfr strains of escherichia coli bearing derepressed r factors of the fi(+) or fi(-) type can result in the loss of the r factor and the conversion of the infected cells to the r(-) state. this extends earlier observations on the elimination of f' factors by bacteriophage m13 infection. variability in the efficiency of this conversion can arise because of genetic factors independent of the r factor being eliminated. a fraction of the infected but unconverted r(+) cells ...	1972	4591485
role of bacteriophage m13 gene 2 in viral dna replication.		1972	4648116
transmission of lac by the sex factor e in erwinia strains from human clinical sources.	lactose-utilizing (lac(+)) strains of erwinia spp. from human clinical material transfer lac by conjugation to plant strains of erwinia herbicola and erwinia amylovora, to other erwinia strains from human clinical sources, and also to escherichia coli, paracolobactrum arizonae, salmonella typhimurium, and shigella dysenteriae. the frequency of this transfer varies with the donor and recipient strains employed. the lac genes appear stable in these exconjugants, and they are not cured by acridine ...	1973	4582635
synthesis of phage m13 specific proteins in a dna-dependent cell-free system.		1973	4584628
replication of bacteriophage m13 dna in plasmolysed escherichia coli cells.		1973	4585689
synthesis of bacteriophage m13-specific proteins in a dna-dependent cell-free system. ii. in vitro synthesis of biologically active gene 5 protein.	it is shown that gene 5 protein of bacteriophage m13 is one of the major proteins synthesized in vitro under the direction of m13 replicative-form dna. by means of dna-cellulose chromatography, this protein has been purified to homogeneity and its biological characteristics have been compared with those of its native counterpart. like native gene 5 protein, the purified, in vitro-synthesized protein binds tightly and selectively to single-stranded, but not to double-stranded, dnas. these results ...	1973	4586780
a coat protein of the bacteriophage m13 virion participates in membrane-oriented synthesis of dna.	several molecules of a protein specified by gene 3 of m13 comprise a minor fraction of the phage coat and have been assigned a role in adsorption to the bacterial cell. we find that the gene-3 protein molecules of the virion are fully conserved in phage that have attached irreversibly to the host cell, and they form a complex with the phage dna when it has been converted to a duplex replicative form. in cells infected at a restrictive temperature with a thermosensitive mutant in gene 3, there is ...	1973	4567335
antiserum inactivation of electrophoretically purified m13 diploid virions: model for the f-specific filamentous bacteriophages.	antiserum inactivation experiments were carried out on electrophoretically purified diploid virions from a cross between two complementing amber mutants of phage m13. the total (homozygous plus heterozygous) diploid population, assayed on a permissive host where only one genome is needed for plaque formation, was inactivated at the same rate as haploids. heterozygous diploids, assayed on a nonpermissive host, where both genomes are needed for plaque formation, were twice as sensitive as haploids ...	1974	4589858
replication of bacteriophage m13. 8. differential effects of rifampicin and nalidixic acid on the synthesis of the two strands of m13 duplex dna.		1974	4817800
bacteriophage m13 dna-directed in vitro synthesis of gene 5 protein.		1974	4412163
proceedings: regulation of gene activity in bacteriophage m13 dna.		1974	4461536
complex of bacteriophage m13 single-stranded dna and gene 5 protein.		1974	4594145
binding, eclipse, and penetration of the filamentous bacteriophage m13 in intact and disrupted cells.		1974	4608378
replicative intermediates in bacteriophage m13 single stranded dna synthesis.		1974	4611894
iolation and charcterization of a dna-binding non-histone protein from tetrahymena pyriformis.	three proteins (a, b and c) that bind specifically to single-stranded dna have been isolated from the eukaryotic organism tetrahymena pyriformis. their molecular weights are 47 000, 41 000 and 32 000. the amino acid composition of the a protein indicates that it is a non-histone protein and sucrose gradient centrifugation shows that it binds to bacteriophage m13 dna and to oligo (dt)100 in a cooperative manner. the exonucleolytic degradation of oligo (dt)100 is prevented when it is bound to the ...	1975	809059
studies on bacteriophage m13 dna. 1. a cleavage map of the m13 genome.	a physical map of the bacteriophage m13 genome has been constructed on the basis of specific cleavage of m13 replicative form dna by bacterial restriction endonucleases. the 13 fragments produced by the enzyme from haemophilus aphirophilus (endonuclease r.hap ii) as well as the 10 fragments produced by the enzyme from haemophilus aegyptius (endonuclease r.hae iii) have been ordered by analysis of partial digest products and by analysis of overlapping sets of fragments. in addition, the single si ...	1975	1079769
identification and characterization of the in vitro synthesized gene products of bacteriophage m13.	bacteriophage m13 replicative form (rf) dna was used to direct coupled transcription and translation in cell-free extracts prepared from escherichia coli. by using rf dna, isolated from cells infected with appropriate amber mutants of this phage, it has been possible to identify the products of genes i through iv. by using the same methods no gene-product relationship could be demonstrated for genes vi and vii. coupled in vitro protein synthesis studies on rf-iii dna, a linear double-stranded dn ...	1975	1089807
studies on bacteriophage m13 dna. 2. the gene order of the m13 genome.	the double-stranded replicative form dna of bacteriophage m13 was cleaved into 13 specific fragments by the restriction endonuclease from haemophilus aphirophilus. the individual dna fragments from wild-type replicative form molecules were then annealed to circular, single-stranded dnas of phage m13, bearing amber mutations as genetic markers. when such dna hybrids infected competent escherichia coli cells, only those duplexes which were genetically heterozygous gave rise to wild-type phages in ...	1975	1095371
ten proteins required for conversion of phix174 single-stranded dna to duplex form in vitro. resolution and reconstitution.	protein requirements for conversion of phix174 single-stranded dna to a double-stranded replicative form with a small gap (rf ii) have been determined by resolution and reconstitution of the multienzyme system from extracts of gently lysed escherichia coli. assays depended on: (a) complementation of extracts of thermosensitive mutants and (b) fractionation of extracts of wild type cells to divide essential components into groups, each of which was further resolved. these procedures have yielded ...	1975	1097445
replication of bacteriophage m13 ix. requirement of the escherichia coli dnag function for m13 duplex dna replication.	temperature-shift experiments with an escherichia coli dnag strain indicate a requirement for the dnag function for m13 phage production only at an early stage of infection. mutant cells infected at nonpermissive temperature form the parental rf (ss leads to rf) but do not replicate further. a shift to nonpermissive temperature after infection inhibits rf leads to rf replication but not rf leads to ss synthesis. the synthesis of both strands of the duplex rf was inhibited equally after a tempera ...	1975	1097735
effects of bacteriophage m13 infection upon phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli k38 were grown and infected with wild type and amber mutants of bacteriophage m13 in the early log phase. lipid compositions of the infected and healthy cultures, grown under identical conditions, were determined 2 hr after infection. from the results, it was observed that total lipid and total phospholipid content remained nearly constant, suggesting that the cell membrane which contained the maximum phospholipids was not damaged by the infection. moreover, the percentage of di ...	1975	1099382
physical mapping of the central terminator for transcription on the bacteriophage m13 genome.	with the aid of in vitro transcription and translation studies it has been demonstrated that termination of transcription on bacteriophage m13 replicative form dna occurs at a unique site which is located immediately distal to the 3'-end of gene viii, the gene which codes for the major capsid protein. the position of this site has been mapped accurately on the enzyme cleavage maps by transcription of restriction fragments of m13 rf dna. the central termination site was found to be located in res ...	1975	1103087
miniphage-a class of satellite phage to m13.	satellite or defective bacteriophage particles can appear in extensively recycled stocks of coliphage m13. these particles, herein known as miniphage, replicate using the wild type bacteriophage as a helper. their physical properties (u.v. spectra, sedimentation of dna and bacterophage, electrophoretic moblitiy) are described and a method for the isolation of specific satellite bacteriophage is presented.	1975	1123611
studies on the structure of replicative intermediates in bacteriophage m13 single stranded dna synthesis.	pulse-labeled replicative intermediates in m 13 single stranded dna synthesis can be separated by dye-buoyant density centrifugation into two major fractions: supercoiled molecules (ri i) containing viral strands of more than one genome length, and "relaxed" molecules (ri ii) with labeled dna chains shorter than unit length. it is postulated that ri ii molecules might be formed in vivo by site-specific nicking of rf i molecules.	1975	1129143
regulation of gene activity in bacteriophage m13 dna: coupled transcription and translation of purified genes and gene-fragments.		1975	1189286
asymmetric orientation of a phage coat protein in cytoplasmic membrane of escherichia coli.	the coat protein of a filamentous phage (m13) enters the cytoplasmic membrane from two directions: from the outside upon infection and from the cell interior late in the viral life cycle prior to phage assembly and extrusion. binding of 125i-labeled anti-coat protein antibody to spheroplasts or to inverted vesicles was used to assay the orientation of coat protein in the membrane. both parental and newly synthesized coat protein were found to be exposed on the outer surface of the cytoplasmic me ...	1975	54916
fractionation of membrane vesicles from coliphage m13-infected escherichia coli.	membrane vesicles were prepared by osmotic lysis of spheroplasts from m13-infected escherichia coli. reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) oxidase (reduced nad: oxidoreductase, ec 1.6.99.3) and mg2+-ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (atp phosphohydrolase, ec 3.6.1.3), which are normally localized to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, were 50% acceesible to their polar substrates in these vesicles. the major coat protein of coliphage m13 is also bound to the cytoplasm ...	1976	132427
functional half-lives of bacteriophage m13 gene 5 and gene 8 messages.	the half-lives of the m13 gene 5 and gene 8 messages were determined by measuring the decay in the rate of synthesis of the gene 5 and gene 8 proteins after inhibition of new rna chain initiations with rifampin. the gene 5 and gene 8 messages decay with half-lives of approximately 2.5 and 5 min, respectively. we found no evidence of a functional m13 message with a half-life as long as that reported for hybridizable mrna.	1976	1255878
cleavage maps of the filamentous bacteriophages m13, fd, fl, and zj/2.	the replicative form dnas of bacteriophage m13, fd, f1, and zj/2 were found to be sensitive to cleavage by the restriction endonucleases endor-hapii, endor-haeii, endor-haeiii, endor-hindii, endor-alui, endor-hha, and endor-hinf. with respect to m13 dna the number of cleavage sites varied from 21 for endor-hinf, 18 for endor-alui, 15 for endor-hha, 13 for endor-hapii, 10 for endor-haeiii, 3 for endor-haeii, to only a single site for endor-hindii. in contrast to m13, fd and f1, the zj/2 dna molec ...	1976	1271528
asymmetric orientation of phage m13 coat protein in escherichia coli cytoplasmic membranes and in synthetic lipid vesicles.	at each stage of infection, the major coat protein of coliphage m13 binds to the e. coli cytoplasmic membrane with its antigenic site exposed to the cell exterior [wickner, w. (1975) proc. nat. acad. sci. usa 72, 4749-4753]. this antigenic site is now shown to be at the amino-terminus of the protein. the amino-terminus of m13 coat protein is also found exclusively on the outside of dilauroyl or dimyristoyl lecithin vesicles, formed with coat protein by the cholate dilution technique [racker, e., ...	1976	772680
the role of escherichia coli dnag function in coliphage m13 dna synthesis.	examination of the role of escherichia coli dnag function in different stages of m13 phage dna synthesis by ultracentrifugal analysis of intracellular phage dna in a thermosensitive dnag mutant shows that: (a) the formation of parental double-strand replicative-form dna (rfdna) from the infecting virus is independent of dnag function; (b) the synthesis of progeny rfdna requires dnag product; (c) after a pool of rfdna is made up, dnag function is not required for the progeny single-strand dna (ss ...	1976	786625
restriction-enzyme-cleavage maps of bacteriophage m13. existence of an intergenic region on the m13 genome.	replicative form dna of bacteriophage m13 was cleaved into specific fragments by an endonuclease isolated from hemophilus aegyptius (endor.haeii) and an endonuclease from arthrobacter luteus (endor.alui). the fragments were ordered as to construct a circular map of the phage m13 genome by: (a) using each fragment as a primer for the synthesis in vitro of its respective neighbour and (b) digesting the isolated fragments with the hemophilus aegyptius enzyme endor.haeii or the hemophilus aphirophil ...	1976	786638
replication of bacteriophage m13. x. m13 replication in a mutant of escherichia coli defective in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease associated with dna polymerase i.		1976	789894
bacterial rep- mutations that block development of small dna bacteriophages late in infection.	several related mutants of escherichia coli c have been isolated that block the growth of the small icosahedral dna phages phix174 and s13 late in infection. phage g6 is also blocked, at a stage not yet known. growth of the filamentous phage m13, though not blocked, is affected in these strains. these host mutations co-transduce with ilv at high frequency, as do rep- mutations. however, the new mutants, designated grol-, differ from previously studied rep- mutants in that they permit synthesis o ...	1976	789914
mapping of promoter sites on the genome of bacteriophage m13.	with the aid of transcription studies on restriction fragments of bacteriophage m13 dna it has been demonstrated that at least eight promoter sites are located on the m13 genome. five of these promoters initiate the synthesis of rna chains which contain at their 5'-terminal end pppg (g promoters), while the other three promoters initiate rna chains which start exclusively with pppa (a promoters). the positions of these promoter sites on the physical map are: 0.82 (g0.82), 0.88 (g0.88), 0.94 (g0. ...	1976	795656
role of hydrophobic forces in membrane protein asymmetry.	m13 virus coat protein is an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein at all stages of viral infection. the pure virus coat protein can also be incorporated into synthetic lecithin vesicles near the lipid-phase transition temperature (tm), spanning the bilayer with its n terminus exposed on the outside and its c-terminus inside (wickner, w. (1976), proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 73, 1159-1163). the assembly of coat protein into vesicles in this asymmetric fashion has a sharp maximum near the phase-t ...	1977	836786
replication of bacteriophage m13. xi. localization of the origin for m13 single-strand synthesis.		1977	845943
electron microscopic studies of bacteriophage m13 dna replication.	intracellular forms of m13 phage dna isolated after infection of escherichia coli with wild-type phage have been studied by electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. the data indicate the involvement of rolling-circle intermediates in single-stranded dna synthesis. in addition to single-stranded circular dna, we observed covalently closed and nicked replicative-form (rf) dnas, dimer rf dnas, concatenated rf dnas, rf dnas with single-stranded tails (theta, rolling circles), and, occasionally, ...	1977	916032
studies on dna unwinding. proton and phosphorus nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of gene v protein from bacteriophage m13, interacting with d(pc-g-c-g).	the interaction of gene v protein from bacteriophage m13 with the self-complementary tetranucleotide d(pc-g-c-g) was studied by 1h and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance. it is shown, using the hydrogen-bonded proton resonances of the watson-crick base pairs as a probe, that the protein is able to unwind the small double-helical fragment even at 0 degrees c. binding of the tetranucleotide causes changes in the aromatic part of the 1h nmr spectrum of the complex, suggesting that aromatic residues, mo ...	1977	598376
isolation and characterization of naturally occurring hairpin structures in single-stranded dna of coliphage m13.		1977	603641
stability of the carrier state in bacteriophage m13-infected cells.	bacteriophage m13-infected carrier cells were shown to be unstable to prolonged growth under all conditions. carrier hfr cells were transferred in dilute culture (10(3) to 10(4)/ml), where reinfection was impossible and the physiology of the cell was minimally altered. after an initial period of about 10 generations, during which all cells in the culture remained infected, there was exponential decay in the proportion of infected cells in the culture. uninfected cells that appeared were m13 sens ...	1977	321804
inhibition of bacteriophage m13 and phix174 duplex dna replication and single-strand synthesis in temperature-sensitive dnaz mutants of escherichia coli.	a functional dnaz product, known to be essential for host dna polymerization and for the synthesis of m13 and phix174 parental replicative-form (rf) dna, is required also for rf replication and single-strand synthesis by both of these phages. all three stages of m13 and phix174dna replication (parental rf formation, rf replication, and single-strand synthesis) are inhibited in dnazts mutants at elevated temperatures. in addition, the thermolabile step in m13 parental rf formation appears to occu ...	1977	323515
base-unpaired regions in supercoiled replicative form dna of coliphage m13.	superhelical covalently closed circular replicative form dna (rf i) of coliphage m13 appears as a relaxed molecule that has a base-unpaired region in the form of a bubble (100 to 200 base pairs long) seen in electron micrographs when spread in the presence of formaldehyde and formamide or after pretreatment with glyoxal. s1 endonuclease, specific for single-stranded dna, converts superhelical m13 rf i dna, but not nonsuperhelical m13 rf i to a significant extent, into unit-length linear molecule ...	1977	328505
filamentous coliphage m13 as a cloning vehicle: insertion of a hindii fragment of the lac regulatory region in m13 replicative form in vitro.	a hindii restriction fragment comprising the escherichia coli lac regulatory region and the genetic information for the alpha peptide of beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactosidegalactohydrolase, ec. 3.2.1.23) has been inserted into 1 of the 10 bsu i cleavage sites of m13 by blunt end ligation. a stable hybrid phage was isolated and identified by its ability to complement the lac alpha function. further characterization of the hybrid phage includes retransformation studies, agarose gel electrophore ...	1977	333444
effect of escherichia coli dna binding protein on the transcription of single-stranded phage m13 dna by escherichia coli rna polymerase.		1977	334166
the role of dna polymerase i-associated 5'-exonuclease in replication of coliphage m13 replicative-form dna.		1977	334178
replication of bacteriophage m13. xii. in vivo cross-linking of a phage-specific dna binding protein to the single-stranded dna of bacteriophage m13 by ultraviolet irradiation.		1977	336896
membrane-associated assembly of m13 phage in extracts of virus-infected escherichia coli.	assembly of coliphage m13 is known to occur as the viral dna crosses the cytoplasmic membrane, shedding its virus-coded dna unwinding protein and acquiring from the membrane approximately 2400 copies of the major coat protein. conditions are described in which extracts of m13-infected e. coli and membranes prepared from such extracts will support virus assembly at a rate equivalent to that of intact cells. extracts prepared from cells infected with temperature-sensitive m13 mutants in genes 1, 3 ...	1977	15248
function of phospholipids in escherichia coli. characterization of a mutant deficient in cardiolipin synthesis.	screening of a collection of temperature-sensitive mutants of escherichia coli for defects in phospholipid metabolism led to the isolation of a mutant deficient in cardiolipin synthesis. the defective gene, named cls, is closely linked to the trp marker and maps at about minute 27 on the e. coli chromosome. after transfer of cls to a defined genetic background by transduction, the mutant has the following properties as compared to an isogenic wild type. exponentially growing cells show a reducti ...	1978	353047
comparison of specific binding sites for escherichia coli rna polymerase with naturally occurring hairpin regions in single-stranded dna of coliphage m13.		1978	353054
expression of bacteriophage m13 dna in vivo. i. synthesis of phage-specific rna and protein in minicells.	it is demonstrated that after infection of the appropriate minicell-producing strain of escherichia coli with the filamentous bacteriophage m13, its replicative form dna is segregated into minicells. consequently these minicells have acquired the capability to direct the synthesis of phage-specific rna and protein. comparision of the electrophoretic mobilities of phage-specific rna species made in vitro with those made in m13 replicative form dna harbouring minicells, have indicated that almost ...	1978	363158
insertion of the tn3 transposon into the genome of the single-stranded dna phage m13.	the transposable genetic element tn3, which carries an ampicillin (ap) resistance determinant, has been translocated from a cole1-apr plasmid, rsf2124, to the genome of the filamentous single-stranded dna phage m13. the site orientation of the inserted element has been determined for one such phage, m13::tn3-15. the insertion is within the intergenic space separating genes 2 and 4 and containing both the viral strand and complementary strand origins. the lengths of both the filamentous phage and ...	1978	363518
a photo-cidnp study of the interaction of oligonucleotides with gene-5 protein of bacteriophage m13.	it is shown that photo-cidnp effects (cidnp, chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) can be generated in the 360-mhz proton nmr spectrum of gene-5 protein from bacteriophage m13. this technique is used to determine the number of tyrosyl residues at the surface of the protein and to assign the resonances from the 3,5-ring protons of these residues. the dna-binding site of the protein is investigated by formation of complexes with oligonucleotides. complex formation leads to shifting and/ ...	1978	364473
replication of bacteriophage m13. xiv. differential inhibition of the replication of m13 and m13 miniphage in a mutant of escherichia coli defective in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease associated with dna polymerase i.	previous studies have shown that m13 single-strand synthesis is inhibited at nonpermissive temperature in escherichia coli polaexl, a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activity of polymerase i (t.-c. chen and d. s. ray, j. mol. biol. 106:589-604, 1976). under these conditions the formation of covalently closed replicative form (rf) molecules is greatly reduced, and miniature forms of rf accumulate. we show here that the accumulation of mini-rfs is the conse ...	1978	366176
nucleotide sequence of gene vii and of a hypothetical gene (ix) in bacteriophage m13.	a dna fragment containing gene vii of bacteriophage m13 has been transcribed and the nucleotide sequence of this 169-nucleotides long transcript was determined by rna sequencing methods. additionally, the nucleotide sequence of this gene and parts of its neighbouring genes v and viii has been determined by the dimethylsulphate-hydrazine technique. the reading frame of gene vii has been established by determining the nucleotide changes occurring in the transcripts of two amber mutants of this gen ...	1978	370777
a cascade mechanism of transcription in bacteriophage m13 dna.		1978	664236
expression of bacteriophage m13 dna in vivo. localization of the transcription initiation and termination signal of the mrna coding for the major capsid protein.	during the infection cycle of the filamentous bacteriophage m13 a phage specific rna species is made which selectively directs in vitro the synthesis of the precursor of the major capsid protein encoded by gene viii. this rna is unstable (its mean half-life is 11 min) and is made in amounts representing at least 2% of the newly synthesized rn. nucleotide sequence analysis have indicated that the synthesis of this rna species is initiated and terminated at the same promoter (g0.18) and terminatio ...	1978	693322
replication of bacteriophage m13. xiii. structure and replication of cloned m13 miniphage.		1978	731688
transcription of bacteriophage m13 dna: existence of promoters directly preceding genes iii, vi, and i.	in vitro transcription and coupled transcription-translation studies have been performed with restriction fragments of bacteriophage m13 replicative-form dna which contain either gene iii, gene vi, or gene i. it could be demonstrated that dna fragments which contain gene iii were able to direct the synthesis of gene iii protein. fragments which encompassed genes vi and i gave rise to the synthesis of gene i protein only, whereas gene i-containing fragments were able to direct the synthesis of ge ...	1978	731795
structure of nascent replicative form dna of coliphage m13.	nascent replicative form type ii (rfii) dna of coliphage m13 synthesized in an escherichia coli mutant deficient in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease associated uith dna polymerase i contains ribonucleotides that are retained in the covalently closed rfi dna sealed in vitro by the joint action of t5 phage dna polymerase and t4 phage dna ligase. these rfi molecules are labile to alkali and rnase h, unlike the rfi produced either in vivo or from rfii with e. coli dna polymerase i and e. coli dna liga ...	1978	272630
synthesis of phage m13 coat protein and its assembly into membranes in vitro.	the coat protein (gene 8 product) of coliphage m1o is an integral protein of the host cell membrane at all stages of virus infection. this protein, when made in a cell-free reaction, has been shown by others to have an additional nh2-terminal peptide region and is referred to as "procoat." it is initially not membrane-bound but, upon exposure to escherichia coli membrane vesicles or to liposomes prepared from e. coli lipids, it assembles into the bilayer in an integral fashion. much of this prot ...	1978	273906
nucleotide sequence of the origin for bacteriophage m13 dna replication.		1979	289455
photoreactive labeling of m13 coat protein in model membranes by use of a glycolipid probe.	coliphage m13 coat protein in synthetic bilayer membranes was labeled by use of 12-(4-azide-2-nitrophenoxy)stearoyl[1-14c]glucosamine, a photoreactive glycolipid probe that spontaneously inserts into membranes. in this model system, the probe preferentially labeled the proteins over the lipids. experiments designed to test the probe's restriction to integral membrane proteins revealed that extrinsic proteins as well as external peptide fragments of integral membrane proteins were not accessible ...	1979	293655
translational and post-translational cleavage of m13 procoat protein: extracts of both the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of escherichia coli contain leader peptidase activity.	the coat protein of coliphage m13 is an integral protein of the host cytoplasmic membrane at all stages of the infectious cycle. both in in vivo and dna-directed in vitro synthesis, it is initially made with an nh2-terminal "leader peptide" of 23 amino acids and is termed procoat. we now report that leader peptidase, and activity which removes the leader peptide and converts procoat to coat, is found in both the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane of escherichia coli. however, only cytoplasmi ...	1979	370824
nucleotide sequence of the recognition site of the b-specific restriction modification system in e. coli.	two sb mutations in the genome of bacteriophage fd were located by sequence analysis in the fd sequence at positions 971 and 6341. base changes at or close to these positions in phage m13 and in phage fl am 124 also correlate with a loss of sensitivity to b restriction. from the sequence homology between the sequences at the two sb sites the recognition signal for the e. coli b restriction/modification enzzyme is predicted to be: 5' tga---8n---tgct 3' 3' act---8n---acga 5'.	1979	374993