Publications

chemical studies on host-virus interactions : i. the effect of bacteriophage adsorption on the multiplication of its host, escherichia coli b with an appendix giving some data on the composition of the bacteriophage, t2.	the addition of active or irradiated t2 bacteriophage and t4 bacteriophage to e. coli b stops bacterial multiplication. the respiratory rate and respiratory quotient of the inhibited bacteria remained at the values observed just before infection. a respiratory rate decrease which occasionally appears can be roughly correlated with change of turbidity of the suspension. an intracellular inhibitor of multiplication appears to be liberated into lysates. a similar substance has been separated from n ...	1946	19871584
chemical studies on host-virus interactions : ii. the chemical simulation of the interference phenomenon by 5-methyl tryptophane.	5-methyl tryptophane inhibited the multiplication of e. coli b without apparently affecting the rate of its oxygen utilization or r. q. in a synthetic medium. e. coli b, under conditions of inhibition in the presence of this compound, was infected with the bacterial viruses t2 or t4. infected organisms, in the presence of this compound, were unable to reproduce virus, assayable by the plaque method. indeed, the number of infectious centers disappeared at a logarithmic rate in the presence of 5-m ...	1946	19871585
the electron microscopy of developing bacteriophage; growth of t4 in liquid culture.		1948	18891793
the synthesis of bacterial viruses; the origin of the phosphorus found in the desoxyribonucleic acids of the t2 and t4 bacteriophages.		1948	18914086
the activation of the bacterial virus t4 by l-tryptophan.		1948	16561502
the inheritance of requirements for adsorption cofactors in the bacterial virus t4.		1948	16561503
chemical studies in host-virus interactions; a comparison of some properties of three mutant pairs of bacterial viruses, t2r and t2r, t4r and t4r, t6r and t6r.	various chemical and physiological aspects of the reproductive cycles of r(+) and r strains of t2, t4, and t6 viruses have been examined and compared. these include the ultraviolet absorption spectra in which differences between r and r(+) strains were not observed, though they were obtained in the case of t2, t4, and t6. adsorption of t4 and t6 was found to require the adsorption cofactor l-tryptophane. among the r and r(+) strains of these viruses limiting tryptophane requirements for adsorpti ...	1950	15422088
studies on activation of t4 bacteriophage by cofactor. i. the degree of activity.		1950	14800996
studies on activation of t4 bacteriophage by cofactor. ii. the mechanism of activation.		1950	14800997
studies on activation of t4 bacteriophage by cofactor. iii. conditions affecting the activation process.		1951	14820889
the mortality of bacteriophage containing assimilated radioactive phosphorus.	the bacteriophage t4 containing assimilated radioactive phosphorus is inactivated at a rate proportional to the specific radioactivity of the constituent phosphorus. the beta radiation from the phosphorus makes a negligible contribution to this effect. the inactivation is therefore a direct consequence of the nuclear reaction, which kills the phage with an efficiency of about 1/12. several phages related to t4 behave similarly. when radioactive phage is grown from a seed of non-radioactive phage ...	1951	14824499
the first two steps of the invasion of host cells by bacterial viruses. ii.	at 37 degrees c., the attachment of t1 virus to its host cell in solution containing 10(-3)m cacl(2) or 10(-2)m nacl is extremely rapid (in the neighborhood of 100 per cent collision efficiency) and irreversible. at 1 degrees c., the attachment rate is almost equally rapid but largely reversible. if a suboptimal concentration of the necessary ions is employed when t2 virus attaches to host cells, the resulting binding is largely reversible, even at 37 degrees c. reversible t2 attachment to host ...	1951	14861377
the intracellular growth of bacteriophages. i. liberation of intracellular bacteriophage t4 by premature lysis with another phage or with cyanide.	a method is described for liberating and estimating intracellular bacteriophage at any stage during the latent period by arresting phage growth and inducing premature lysis of the infected cells. this is brought about by placing the infected bacteria into the growth medium supplemented with 0.01 m cyanide and with a high titer t6 lysate. it was found in some of the later experiments that the t6 lysate is essential only during the first half of the latent period. cyanide alone will induce lysis d ...	1952	14898042
the intracellular growth of bacteriophages. ii. the growth of t3 studied by sonic disintegration and by t6-cyanide lysis of infected cells.	the growth of the virus t3 has been followed by breaking up the complexes it forms with host cells at various stages in their development and then assaying the debris for active virus particles. two independent methods for breaking up cells were used: sonic vibration and lysis by the t6-cyanide method previously used for the study of the growth of t4. during the first half of the latent period both treatments, as well as cyanide alone, destroyed the capacity of the complexes for producing daught ...	1952	14898043
radioactive phosphorus tracer studies on the reproduction of t4 bacteriophage. i. intracellular appearance of phage-like material.		1952	14933050
studies on activation of t4 bacteriophage by cofactor. iv. nascent activity.		1952	13032152
independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage.	1. osmotic shock disrupts particles of phage t2 into material containing nearly all the phage sulfur in a form precipitable by antiphage serum, and capable of specific adsorption to bacteria. it releases into solution nearly all the phage dna in a form not precipitable by antiserum and not adsorbable to bacteria. the sulfur-containing protein of the phage particle evidently makes up a membrane that protects the phage dna from dnase, comprises the sole or principal antigenic material, and is resp ...	1952	12981234
the base of the desoxyribonucleic acids of t2, t4, and t6 bacteriophages.		1953	13031245
the interaction between t4 phage and the specific lipocarbohydrate of phase ii sh. sonnei.		1953	13168987
radioactive sulfur tracer studies on the reproduction of t4 bacteriophage.		1953	13034712
radioactive phosphorus tracer studies on the reproduction of t4 bacteriophage. ii. kinetics of phosphorus assimilation.		1953	13041712
genetic structure of bacteriophage t4 as described by recombination studies of factors influencing plaque morphology.		1953	17247424
a study of the antigenicity of t3 and t4 coli-dysentery bacteriophages during the vegetative stage of development.	the development of viral neutralizing antibodies in animals injected with t(3) or t(4) phage is considerably inhibited by the presence of bacterial antigens. a new procedure has been described to liberate phage from infected e. coli b bacteria by inducing lysis with penicillin. by immunological means it has been shown that t(4)-infected cultures of e. coli b, in which phage development has been inhibited with proflavine, contain the viral neutralizing antigen after lysis. in contrast, it has not ...	1954	13286421
electron micrographs of sections of e. coli cells infected with the bacteriophage t4.		1954	13198931
genetic recombination in escherichia coli b. ii. the crossresistance of e. coli b to the phages t3, t4 and t7.		1954	14366221
lysis of t4 phage by the specific lipocarbohydrate of phase ii shigella sonnei.	when the specific lipocarbohydrate of phase ii sh. sonnei and t(4) phage react in vitro, the virus is rapidly inactivated and the content of the viral membrane is released into the surrounding medium. the reaction between phage and lipocarbohydrate proceeds only in the presence of a lipide constituent which can be extracted from the polysaccharide, rendering the latter inactive, and which can be replaced by certain fatty acids. it has been suggested that the lipocarbohydrate is the receptor subs ...	1955	13271686
the genetic control of ultraviolet sensitivity levels in bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1956	13299698
the presence in normal serum of specific antibody against bacteriophage t4 and its increase during the earliest stages of immunization.		1956	13306956
the effects of the decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus on the genome of bacteriophage t4.		1956	13312222
the genetic control of host range and serological specificity in bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1956	13325402
phenotypic mixing of host range and serological specificities in bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1956	13325403
the effect of l-tryptophan on thermal stability of bacteriophage t4, 38.		1956	13382871
properties of tryptophan-inactivated bacteriophage t4, 38.		1956	13382872
properties of bacteriophages t2 and t4 with unusual inheritance.		1956	16589893
the effect of ultraviolet light on the production of bacterial virus protein.	the amount of phage-specific protein in t2-infected bacteria growing in a medium containing radiosulfur, s(35), has been studied by measuring the radioactivity in specific antiphage serum precipitates of lysates. in the course of normal infection, non-infective phage antigen has been found to make its first intracellular appearance shortly before the end of the eclipse period, in agreement with the findings of maaløe and symonds with phage t4. no such phage antigen is produced either in bacteria ...	1957	13416528
electron microscopical studies of phage multiplication. ii. production of phage-related structures during multiplication of phages t2 and t4.		1957	13434010
genetic control and phenotypic mixing of the adsorption cofactor requirement in bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1957	13443215
the nucleic acids of t2, t4, and t6 bacteriophages.	the deoxyribonucleic acids of the wild type strains of the t(2), t(4), and t(6) bacteriophages have been shown to contain glucose as an integral part of the molecule; the amount of hexose present in each nucleic acid differs. a study of the acid degradation products of the three nucleic acids has revealed that in each instance glucose is linked to the apurinic acid component. in the case of the t(6) nucleic acid it was found that two molecules of glucose are linked to hydroxymethylcytidylic acid ...	1957	13449234
multiplicity reactivation, marker rescue, and genetic recombination in phage t4 following x-ray inactivation.		1958	13544109
a study of multiplicity-reactivation in the bacteriophage t4. i. genetic and functional analysis of t4d-k12(lambda) complexes.		1958	13593179
an internal protein in t2 and t4 bacteriophages.		1958	13616181
[recombination of bacteriophages of the t4 rll group, inactivated by formol].		1958	13617725
on the origin of high negative interference over short segments of the genetic structure of bacteriophage t4.		1958	13626191
phenotypic properties of heterozygotes in the bacteriophage t4.		1958	17247753
high negative interference over short segments of the genetic structure of bacteriophage t4.		1958	17247760
the difference between spontaneous and base-analogue induced mutations of phage t4.		1959	16590424
phosphatases in bacteriophages t2, t4, and t5.		1959	13641255
a study of gene action in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage t4.		1959	13669325
[studies on the mechanism of action of a gene of bacteriophages t2 and t4 which determines ultraviolet sensitivity].		1959	14399838
genetic and chemical studies on the head protein of bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1959	13804199
the release and stability of the large subunit of dna from t2 and t4 bacteriophage.	t(2) and t(4) bacteriophage have been exposed to various treatments which are known to release the encapsulated dna. the unseparated reaction products have been examined by autoradiography. the results indicate the presence of one large subunit of dna (molecular weight 45 x 10(6)) for each former phage particle. some smaller subunits of molecular weight 12 x 10(6) have been observed. the large subunit is sensitive to very small amounts of dnaase, and is resistant to mixed proteases and cannot be ...	1959	13620882
nucleotides derived from enzymatic digests of nucleic acids of t2, t4, and t6 bacteriophages.		1960	14416750
the mutagenic effect of d20 on bacteriophage t4.		1960	13752986
on the structure of the glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine nucleotides of coliphages t2, t4, and t6.		1960	13760441
specific antibodies to thermally denatured deoxyribonucleic acid of phage t4.		1960	16590710
linkage of genetic markers in phages t2 and t4.		1960	17247999
ambivalent rii mutants of phage t4.		1961	16590849
multiplicity reactivation after the decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus in phage t4.		1961	13774386
the physical characterization of dna molecules released from t2 and t4 bacteriophage.		1961	13776441
genetic recombination and marker rescue of urea-disrupted bacteriophage t4 in spheroplasts of e. coli.		1961	13779852
induction of reverse mutations and cross reactivation of nitrous acid-treated phage t4.		1961	13688038
serological study of tail structure and function in coliphages t2 and t4.		1961	13701442
physiological effects of rii mutations in bacteriophage t4.		1961	13703644
the delayed origin of mutants induced by exposure of extracellular phage t4 to ethyl methane sulfonate.		1961	13708170
dna synthesized in escherichia coli k12 (lambda) after infection with an rii mutant of bacteriophage t4.		1961	13729476
stabilization to 32p decay and onset of dna replication of t4 bacteriophage.		1961	13737767
mutations affecting the lysozyme of phage t4.		1961	13917753
the analysis of ultraviolet lesions in bacteriophage t4 by cross reactivation.		1961	13886926
mutagenesis of bacteriophage t4 by acridines.		1961	14482221
the kinetics of parental deoxyribonucleic acid replication, deoxyguanylate kinase formation and 32p-inactivation of the parental virus in escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage t4.		1961	14459099
the nature of the "deletion" mutants in the rii region of phage t4.		1961	14480261
rna metabolism in escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage t4. inhibition of host ribosomal and soluble rna synthesis by phage and effect of chloromycetin.		1962	14480263
topography of recombination in the phage t4 rii region.		1962	13893865
further studies on induced reverse mutations of phage t4 rii mutants.		1962	13894924
the isolation of t4-specific rna on a dna-cellulose column.		1962	13865976
on the interaction of adsorption cofactors with bacteriophages t2 and t4.		1962	13872835
synthesis and turnover of phage messenger rna in e. coli infected with bacteriophage t4 in the presence of chloromycetin.		1962	13939775
early enzyme synthesis and its control in e. coli infected with some amber mutants of bacteriophage t4.		1962	14006693
glucosylation of deoxyribonucleic acid. iii. alpha- and beta-glucosyl transferases from t4-infected escherichia coli.		1962	14452558
effect of concentration on the formation of molecular hybrids from t4 dna.	when the thymine of t(4) dna is replaced by 5-bu the melting temperature of t(4) dna is increased from about 83 degrees to about 93 degrees c. heating and slow cooling of t(4) dna at concentrations of about 30 mug/ml leads to aggregates which consist of several polynucleotide chains which appear in the electron microscope as a branched structure. the aggregates have regions which are true hybrids. when the concentration of t(4) dna is lowered to less than 1 mug/ml the products of hybridization a ...	1962	14459098
evidence for a particular base alteration in two t4 bacteriophage mutants.		1962	14039152
[on the inactivation of t4 phages with nitrosamines].		1963	14047117
on the regulation of the morphogenesis of bacteriophage t4.		1963	14066615
host-dependent synthesis of altered deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase after infection of escherichia coli with certain amber mutants of bacteriophage t4.		1963	14067097
thymidine-requiring mutants of phage t4.		1963	14067100
a thymine-requiring mutant of phage t4.		1963	14081373
[on the distribution of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) in the tissue of mice bearing ascites tumor (ehrlich's adenocarcinoma)].		1963	14086528
an experimental analysis of bacteriophage t4 heterozygotes. i. mottled plaques from crosses involving six rii loci.		1963	14100604
effects of alkylating agents on t2 and t4 bacteriophages.		1963	14100794
circularity of the genetic map of bacteriophage t4.		1963	14102806
[the l-thyroxin-binding capacity of the serum proteins and the dissociability of the tbp-t4 molecular complex in normal aged persons].		1963	14122984
the occurrence of three allelic markers in one particle of phage t4.		1963	14123306
on the regulatory mechanism of synthesis of early enzyme induced by bacteriophage t4.		1963	14035287
coordinate variation in density and recombination potential in t4 phage particles produced at different times after infection.		1963	13936157
mutants of phage t4 with increased sensitivity to ultraviolet.		1963	13952844
inhibition of recombination and heterozygosis in phenyl ethyl alcohol-treated phage t4-e. coli b complexes.		1963	13958565
physical properties of messenger rna of bacteriophage t4.		1963	13967034
glucosylation of the deoxyribonucleic acid in hybrids of coliphages t2 and t4.		1963	13985970
the action spectra for ultraviolet-light inactivation of systems-containing 5-bromouracil-substituted deoxyribonucleic acid. ii. bacteriophage t4.		1963	13988201
replicative fragmentation in t4 phage: inhibition by chloramphenicol.		1963	16578552