Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification of mosquito avian-derived blood meals by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) heteroduplex assay (hda) was developed to identify avian derived mosquito blood meals to the species level. the assay used primers amplifying a fragment of the cytochrome b gene from vertebrate but not invertebrate species. in culex tarsalis fed on quail, pcr products derived from the quail cytochrome b gene were detected seven days post-engorgement. in an analysis of wild-caught mosquitoes, 85% of blood-fed mosquitoes produced detectable pcr products. heterodup ... | 0 | 12201598 |
| mx proteins: antiviral gatekeepers that restrain the uninvited. | fifty years after the discovery of the mouse mx1 gene, researchers are still trying to understand the molecular details of the antiviral mechanisms mediated by mx proteins. mx proteins are evolutionarily conserved dynamin-like large gtpases, and gtpase activity is required for their antiviral activity. the expression of mx genes is controlled by type i and type iii interferons. a phylogenetic analysis revealed that mx genes are present in almost all vertebrates, usually in one to three copies. m ... | 0 | 24296571 |
| voltage-gated proton channels: molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the h(v) family. | voltage-gated proton channels (h(v)) are unique, in part because the ion they conduct is unique. h(v) channels are perfectly selective for protons and have a very small unitary conductance, both arguably manifestations of the extremely low h(+) concentration in physiological solutions. they open with membrane depolarization, but their voltage dependence is strongly regulated by the ph gradient across the membrane (δph), with the result that in most species they normally conduct only outward curr ... | 0 | 23589829 |
| positively charged amino acids at the snap-25 c terminus determine fusion rates, fusion pore properties, and energetics of tight snare complex zippering. | snap-25 is a q-snare protein mediating exocytosis of neurosecretory vesicles including chromaffin granules. previous results with a snap-25 construct lacking the nine c terminal residues (snap-25δ9) showed changed fusion pore properties (fang et al., 2008), suggesting a model for fusion pore mechanics that couple c terminal zipping of the snare complex to the opening of the fusion pore. the deleted fragment contains the positively charged residues r198 and k201, adjacent to layers 7 and 8 of the ... | 0 | 25698757 |
| aedes taeniorhynchus vectorial capacity informs a pre-emptive assessment of west nile virus establishment in galápagos. | increased connectivity with the mainland has led to the arrival of many invasive species to the galápagos islands, including novel pathogens, threatening the archipelago's unique fauna. here we consider the potential role of the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus west nile virus [wnv] should it reach the islands. we report on three components of vectorial capacity - vector competency, distributional abundance and host-feeding. in contrast to usa strains, galápagos a. tae ... | 0 | 23519190 |
| advances in antiviral vaccine development. | antiviral vaccines have been the most successful biomedical intervention for preventing epidemic viral disease. vaccination for smallpox in humans and rinderpest in cattle was the basis for disease eradication, and recent progress in polio eradication is promising. although early vaccines were developed empirically by passage in live animals or eggs, more recent vaccines have been developed because of the advent of new technologies, particularly cell culture and molecular biology. recent technol ... | 0 | 23947359 |
| establishment of cell line from embryonic tissue of pipistrellus ceylonicus bat species from india & its susceptibility to different viruses. | pipistrellus ceylonicus bat species is widely distributed in south asia, with additional populations recorded in china and southeast asia. bats are the natural reservoir hosts for a number of emerging zoonotic diseases. attempts to isolate bat-borne viruses in various terrestrial mammalian cell lines have sometimes been unsuccessful. the bat cell lines are useful in isolation and propagation of many of the viruses harboured by bats. new stable bat cell lines are needed to help such investigation ... | 0 | 24056599 |
| an outbreak of japanese encephalitis after two decades in odisha, india. | sudden deaths in children due to acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) from a tribal dominated district of malkangiri in odisha, india, was reported during september-november, 2012. the investigation was carried out to search for the possible viral aetiology that caused this outbreak. clinico-epidemiological survey and seromolecular investigation were carried out to confirm the viral aetiology. two hundred seventy two suspected cases with 24 deaths were observed. the patients presented with low to m ... | 0 | 26905239 |
| seasonal abundance & role of predominant japanese encephalitis vectors culex tritaeniorhynchus & cx. gelidus theobald in cuddalore district, tamil nadu. | japanese encephalitis (je) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. the first major je outbreak occurred in 1978 and since 1981 several outbreaks had been reported in the cuddalore district (erstwhile south arcot), tamil nadu, india. entomological monitoring was carried out during january 2010 - march 2013, to determine the seasonal abundance and transmission dynamics of the vectors of je virus, with emphasis on the role of culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus. | 0 | 26905238 |
| entomological investigations into an epidemic of japanese encephalitis (je) in northern districts of west bengal, india (2011-2012). | japanese encephalitis (je) is one of the most important arboviral diseases of human beings with outbreaks in many parts of southeast asia including india. we present the entomological findings of an outbreak occurred in northern part of west bengal during 2011-2012 with special emphasis on the role of je vectors in different seasons. | 0 | 25027086 |
| neuro-invasion by a 'trojan horse' strategy and vasculopathy during intrauterine flavivirus infection. | the central nervous system (cns) is a major target of several important human and animal viral pathogens causing congenital infections. however, despite the importance of neuropathological outcomes, for humans in particular, the pathogenesis, including mode of neuro-invasion, remains unresolved for most congenital virus infections. using a natural model of congenital infection with an rna virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pregnant cattle, we sought to delineate the timing and mode of virus ... | 0 | 22264283 |
| a retrospective study of non-suppurative encephalitis in beef cattle from western canada. | non-suppurative encephalitis occurs sporadically in beef cattle in western canada, leading to loss of animals. this retrospective study investigated the presence of viral, bacterial, and protozoal antigens or dna in 37 western canadian feedlot cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis for which a cause had not been identified. cases were selected based on the age of the animal (> 7 months), and clinical history of recumbency and depression. the identification of rabies in 1 case stresses the impo ... | 0 | 24293671 |
| spatial variation in host feeding patterns of culex tarsalis and the culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae) in california. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) is now endemic in california across a variety of ecological regions that support a wide diversity of potential avian and mammalian host species. because different avian hosts have varying competence for wnv, determining the blood-feeding patterns of culex (diptera: culicidae) vectors is a key component in understanding the maintenance and amplification of the virus as well as tangential transmission to humans and horses. we investigate ... | 0 | 22897051 |
| effects of blood meal source on the reproduction of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were fed blood meals from a live chicken (lc), chicken blood in alsever's (ac) solution, defibrinated bovine blood (db), or bovine blood in citrate (cb) and incubated at 28° c. the effects of different blood meal sources were evaluated with respect to rates of blood feeding and reproduction (i.e., fecundity and fertility) over two gonotrophic cycles. mosquitoes that fed on the first blood meal were subjected to a second blood meal as follows (first blood meal / sec ... | 0 | 22548531 |
| analysis of post-blood meal flight distances in mosquitoes utilizing zoo animal blood meals. | we assessed the post-blood meal flight distance of four mosquito species in a unique environment using blood meal analysis. mosquitoes were trapped at the rio grande zoo in albuquerque, nm, and the blood source of blood-engorged mosquitoes was identified. the distance from the enclosure of the animal serving as a blood source to the trap site was then determined. we found that mosquitoes captured at the zoo flew no more than 170 m with an average distance of 106.7 m after taking a blood meal. th ... | 0 | 22548540 |
| disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. | the rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. this review emphasizes the need fo ... | 0 | 26468242 |
| divergent astrovirus associated with neurologic disease in cattle. | using viral metagenomics of brain tissue from a young adult crossbreed steer with acute onset of neurologic disease, we sequenced the complete genome of a novel astrovirus (boastv-neuros1) that was phylogenetically related to an ovine astrovirus. in a retrospective analysis of 32 cases of bovine encephalitides of unknown etiology, 3 other infected animals were detected by using pcr and in situ hybridization for viral rna. viral rna was restricted to the nervous system and detected in the cytopla ... | 0 | 23965613 |
| viral inactivation of human osteochondral grafts with methylene blue and light. | cartilage injury is one of the most common disorders of synovial joints. fresh osteochondral allografts are becoming a standard treatment; however, they are supply constrained with a potential risk of disease transmission. there are no known virucidal processes available for osteochondral allografts and most methods presently available are detrimental to cartilage. methylene blue light treatment has been shown to be successful in the literature for viral inactivation of fresh frozen plasma. the ... | 0 | 26069682 |
| visible light and near-infrared-responsive chromophores for drug delivery-on-demand applications. | the need for temporal-spatial control over the release of biologically active molecules has motivated efforts to engineer novel drug delivery-on-demand strategies actuated via light irradiation. many systems, however, have been limited to in vitro proof-of-concept due to biocompatibility issues with the photo-responsive moieties or the light wavelength, intensity, and duration. to overcome these limitations, this paper describes a light actuated drug delivery-on-demand strategy that uses visible ... | 0 | 26423655 |
| negative regulatory effects of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase pathway on phagocytosis and macropinocytosis in bovine monocytes. | recent studies have shown that monocytes and macrophages not only present antigens to effector t cells and stimulate and shape t cell-mediated immune responses, but they also prime naïve t cells, thus initiating adaptive immune responses. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase functions at an early phase of toll-like receptor signaling pathways, modulates the magnitude of the primary immune responses, and is involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during macropinocytic and phagocytic ant ... | 0 | 25893219 |
| enhancing the teaching of evolution in public health. | public health courses are emerging as popular undergraduate offerings, especially at universities with schools of public health. it is important to note that evolution has shaped the burden of disease in the modern world in which we practice and educate for public health. human cultures and technologies have modified life on planet earth and have co-evolved with myriad other species, including microorganisms, plant and animal sources of food, invertebrate vectors of disease, and intermediate bir ... | 0 | 25221636 |
| prion diseases as transmissible zoonotic diseases. | prion diseases, also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses), lead to neurological dysfunction in animals and are fatal. infectious prion proteins are causative agents of many mammalian tses, including scrapie (in sheep), chronic wasting disease (in deer and elk), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse; in cattle), and creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd; in humans). bse, better known as mad cow disease, is among the many recently discovered zoonotic diseases. bse cases were first repo ... | 0 | 24159531 |
| a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of vesiculovirus. | vesiculoviruses (vsv) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. therefore, diagnosis of vsv infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. we show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for detection and quantification ... | 0 | 27276185 |
| monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for foot and mouth disease virus type a and type o vp1. | the foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an rna virus composed of single stranded positive sense rna. fmdv has been known to infect cloven-hoofed animals, including pigs, cattle, and sheep. fmdv is rapidly spreading outward to neighboring regions, often leading to a high mortality rate. thus, early diagnosis of fmdv is critical to suppress propagation of fmdv and minimize economic losses. in this study, we report the generation and characterization of polyclonal and six monoclonal antibodies a ... | 0 | 23098303 |
| effect of mas-related gene (mrg) receptors on hyperalgesia in rats with cfa-induced inflammation via direct and indirect mechanisms. | mas oncogene-related gene (mrg) receptors are exclusively distributed in small-sized neurons in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (drg). we investigated the effects of mrgc receptor activation on inflammatory hyperalgesia and its mechanisms. | 0 | 23909597 |
| a new mouse anti-mouse complement receptor type 2 and 1 (cr2/cr1) monoclonal antibody as a tool to study receptor involvement in chronic models of immune responses and disease. | although reagents are available to block mouse complement receptor type 2 and/or type 1 (cr2/cr1, cd21/cd35) function in acute or short term models of human disease, a mouse anti-rat antibody response limits their use in chronic models. we have addressed this problem by generating in cr2−/− mice a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab 4b2) to mouse cr2/cr1. the binding of murine mab 4b2 to cr2/cr1 directly blocked c3dg (c3d) ligand binding. in vivo injection of mab 4b2 induced substantial down regulati ... | 0 | 25457881 |
| genome analysis of bovine-mastitis-associated escherichia coli o32:h37 strain p4. | escherichia coli is a major pathogen of bovine intramammary infections. here we report the first draft of the genome sequence of the e. coli o32:h37 p4 strain, which is widely used in experimental bovine mastitis studies. | 0 | 22740662 |
| collagen-induced arthritis: a model for murine autoimmune arthritis. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is a common autoimmune animal model used to study rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the development of cia involves infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the joint, as well as t and b cell responses to type ii collagen. in murine cia, genetically susceptible mice (dba/1j) are immunized with a type ii bovine collagen emulsion in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and receive a boost of type ii bovine collagen in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) 21 days after ... | 0 | 26539560 |
| the role of natural killer (nk) and nk t cells in the loss of tolerance in murine primary biliary cirrhosis. | one of the major obstacles in dissecting the mechanism of pathology in human primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) has been the absence of animal models. our laboratory has focused on a model in which mice, following immunization with a xenobiotic chemical mimic of the immunodominant autoepitope of the e2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdc-e2), develop autoimmune cholangitis. in particular, following immunization with 2-octynoic acid (a synthetic chemical mimic of lipoic acid-lysine loca ... | 0 | 22519590 |
| innate immunity drives xenobiotic-induced murine autoimmune cholangitis. | although primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) is considered a model autoimmune disease, it has not responded therapeutically to traditional immunosuppressive agents. in addition, pbc may recur following liver transplantation, despite the absence of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) matching, in sharp contrast to the well-known paradigm of mhc restriction. we have suggested previously that invariant natural killer t (ink t) cells are critical to the initiation of pbc. in this study we have taken ... | 0 | 24547942 |
| analysis of fast boundary-integral approximations for modeling electrostatic contributions of molecular binding. | we analyze and suggest improvements to a recently developed approximate continuum-electrostatic model for proteins. the model, called bibee/i (boundary-integral based electrostatics estimation with interpolation), was able to estimate electrostatic solvation free energies to within a mean unsigned error of 4% on a test set of more than 600 proteins-a significant improvement over previous bibee models. in this work, we tested the bibee/i model for its capability to predict residue-by-residue inte ... | 0 | 24466561 |
| therapeutic effect of cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4/immunoglobulin on a murine model of primary biliary cirrhosis. | collectively, the data in both humans and murine models of human primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) suggest that activated t cells, particularly cd8 t cells, play a critical role in biliary cell destruction. under physiological conditions, t-cell activation involves two critical signals that involve the major histocompatibility complex and a set of costimulatory molecules, which include a receptor on t cells termed cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 (ctla-4). germane to the studies reported herein, s ... | 0 | 22996325 |
| effect of bizhongxiao decotion (bzxd) on some cytokines in plasma of rats with cii-induced rheumatoid arthritis. | to investigate the influence of bizhongxiao decoction (bzxd) which is a traditional chinese medicine for ra including, on the plasma tnf-α and il-1β in rats with cii-induced arthritis (cia) and explore the protective mechanism of bzxd in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 0 | 23674954 |
| palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin ameliorate development of arthritis caused by injection of collagen type ii in mice. | n-palmitoylethanolamine (pea) is an endogenous fatty acid amide belonging to the family of the n-acylethanolamines (naes). recently, several studies demonstrated that pea is an important analgesic, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective mediator. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-ultramicronized pea + luteolin formulation on the modulation of the inflammatory response in mice subjected to collagen-induced arthritis (cia). | 0 | 24246048 |
| comparative evaluation of nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine on nephrotic balb/c mice. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine at same dose on cationic bovine serum albumin (cbsa) induced immune complex glomerulonephritis (icgn) in balb/c mice. | 0 | 27756948 |
| blood meal analysis and virus detection in blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006-2007 rift valley fever outbreak in kenya. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a zoonosis of domestic ruminants in africa. blood-fed mosquitoes collected during the 2006-2007 rvf outbreak in kenya were analyzed to determine the virus infection status and animal source of the blood meals. | 0 | 25229704 |
| bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal. | dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited. | 0 | 23423342 |
| bionomic aspects of the anopheles subpictus species complex in sri lanka. | anopheles subpictus grassi s.l. (diptera: culicidae) functions as a secondary malaria vector to anopheles culicifacies giles s.l. (diptera: culicidae) in sri lanka. the taxon a. subpictus is reported to exist as a species complex comprising four sibling species (a-d) that can be differentiated through polytene chromosome banding patterns and stage-specific morphometric traits in india. based on the morphological characteristics described for the indian subpictus complex, the presence of all four ... | 0 | 25205254 |
| vertebrate hosts of aedes aegypti and aedes mediovittatus (diptera: culicidae) in rural puerto rico. | the distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the main vector of dengue viruses (denv) worldwide, overlaps with aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus (coquillett), the caribbean treehole mosquito, in urban, suburban, and rural areas. ae. mediovittatus is a competent vector of denv with high rates of vertical denv transmission in the laboratory. this study determined whether ae. mediovittatus feeds on humans and compared its feeding patterns with co-occurring ae. aegypti in two rural communitie ... | 0 | 22897052 |
| molecular cloning and mrna expression of the peptidoglycan recognition protein gene hcpgrp1 and its isoform hcpgrp1a from the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingi. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are innate immune molecules that have been structurally conserved throughout evolution in invertebrates and vertebrates. in this study, peptidoglycan recognition protein hcpgrp1 and its isoform hcpgrp1a were identified in the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii. the full-length cdnas of hcpgrp1 (973 bp) and hcpgrp1a (537 bp) encoded polypeptides with 218 and 151 amino acids, respectively. sequence analysis showed that hcpgrp1 had one c-terminal pgrp do ... | 0 | 25249773 |
| evaluation of a simple theileria annulata culture protocol from experimentally infected bovine whole blood. | we have evaluated a new simple technique using whole blood from experimentally infected cattle for the isolation and cultivation of theileria annulata. the study was carried out on 20 holstein-frisian bovines that had been experimentally infected with a virulent lethal dose of theileria annulata. this technique has been compared to the classical peripheral blood monocyte isolation with ficoll carried out on 22 experimentally infected holstein-friesian calves. the effectiveness of the reference t ... | 0 | 22910672 |
| distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting domestic ruminants in mountainous areas of golestan province, iran. | to determine the prevalence of ticks on cattle in the mountainous areas of golestan province and their geographical distribution. | 0 | 25183090 |
| vertebrate pheromones and other semiochemicals: the potential for accommodating complexity in signalling by volatile compounds for vertebrate management. | the interaction between volatile and non-volatile, e.g. proteinaceous, components of pheromone and other semiochemical-based signalling systems presents a daunting set of problems for exploitation in the management of vertebrates, good or bad. aggravating this is the complexity of the mixtures involved with pheromones, not only by definition associated with each species, but also with individual members of that species and their positions within their immediate communities. nonetheless, already ... | 0 | 25109967 |
| blood parasites of livestock in certain regions in saudi arabia. | blood samples from camels, sheep, goats and cattle from six regions in saudi arabia were examined for blood parasites. asir region camels were disinfected while those of the eastern, jazan, northern frontiers, riyadh and tabouk regions were infected with trypanosoma evansi (5-40%), those of riyadh and the eastern regions were infected with dipetalonema evansi (1-6%) and those of the eastern, jazan and riyadh regions were infected with eperythrozoon species (8-20%). sheep and goats of all tested ... | 0 | 23961044 |
| importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock. | the medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of ... | 0 | 17048307 |
| schmallenberg virus in germany 2011-2014: searching for the vectors. | following the emergence of schmallenberg virus (sbv) in 2011, 21,397 culicoid biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from targeted and non-targeted sampling activities carried out during the summer months of 2011 to 2013 and in late 2014 in various regions in germany were analyzed for the virus by real-time rt-pcr. while no sbv was found in biting midges collected during 2011 and 2013, 2 out of 334 pools including 20 and 22 non-engorged females of the obsoletus complex sampled in 2012 tested p ... | 0 | 26462800 |
| epidemiology, pathology and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in taif region of saudi arabia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is an annoying and disfiguring disease affecting around 1,500,000 individuals globally. there are endemic pockets of this disease in taif region. in some patients, lesion often weeps and leads to scar formation. the study was conducted to see the efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole in the patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the effect of these drugs on liver enzymes and kidney markers. | 0 | 25678921 |
| theileria, babesia, and anaplasma detected by pcr in ruminant herds at bié province, angola. | distribution of anaplasma spp., babesia spp., theileria spp., and ehrlichia ruminantium, was for the first time studied in bié province, central angola. we examined 76 blood samples of cattle originated from seven farms, and 13 blood samples of goats from two farms employing molecular genetic tools (pcr). most prevalent was a. ovis-infection in goats (100%) and a. marginale-infection in cattle (38% of examined animals, and six out of seven farms). b. bigemina-infection was detected in only one s ... | 0 | 23193527 |
| high prevalence of rickettsia africae variants in amblyomma variegatum ticks from domestic mammals in rural western kenya: implications for human health. | tick-borne spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsioses are emerging human diseases caused by obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria of the genus rickettsia. despite being important causes of systemic febrile illnesses in travelers returning from sub-saharan africa, little is known about the reservoir hosts of these pathogens. we conducted surveys for rickettsiae in domestic animals and ticks in a rural setting in western kenya. of the 100 serum specimens tested from each species of domestic r ... | 0 | 25325312 |
| using the dfci gene index databases for biological discovery. | the dfci gene index web pages provide access to analyses of ests and gene sequences for nearly 114 species, as well as a number of resources derived from these. each species-specific database is presented using a common format with a home page. a variety of methods exist that allow users to search each species-specific database. methods implemented currently include nucleotide or protein sequence queries using wu-blast, text-based searches using various sequence identifiers, searches by gene, ti ... | 0 | 20205187 |
| antibodies against rickettsia in humans and potential vector ticks from dhofar, oman. | to determine the extent of rickettsial infections prevalence of potential vector ticks in the rural population of dhofar, oman. | 0 | 24019699 |
| in-vitro assessment of the acaricidal properties of artemisia annua and zataria multiflora essential oils to control cattle ticks. | the aim of this study was to investigate the 'acaricidal effect' of zataria multiflora and artemisia annua essential oils on rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus. | 0 | 22347275 |
| unusual horizontal transfer of a long interspersed nuclear element between distant vertebrate classes. | we have shown previously by southern blot analysis that bov-b long interspersed nuclear elements (lines) are present in different viperidae snake species. to address the question as to whether bov-b lines really have been transmitted horizontally between vertebrate classes, the analysis has been extended to a larger number of vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species. in this paper, the evolutionary origin of bov-b lines is shown unequivocally to be in squamata. the previously proposed horizon ... | 0 | 9724768 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in domestic animals in ten provinces/cities of china. | a nationwide epidemiologic investigation of domestic animal infections has been conducted in nine provinces and one city during 2007-2010. serum samples from a total of 707 goats, 433 cattle, and 219 dogs were collected for detecting anaplasma phagocytophilum igg antibody by immunofluorescence assays and the average seroprevalences were 10.05% for dogs, 3.82% for goats, and 0.69% for cattle, respectively. a total of 472 goats, 201 cattle, 102 dog blood clots, and 1,580 ticks were collected for p ... | 0 | 22764312 |
| active surveillance of anaplasma marginale in populations of arthropod vectors (acari: ixodidae; diptera: tabanidae) during and after an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in southern manitoba, canada. | bovine anaplasmosis is the disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale. it can cause production loss and death in cattle and bison. this was a reportable disease in canada until april 2014. before then, infected herds were quarantined and culled, removing infected animals. in north america, a. marginale is biologically vectored by hard ticks (acari: ixodidae), dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni. biting flies, particularly horse flies (diptera: tabanidae), can also act as mechanical ... | 0 | 27127345 |
| morphology, epidemiology, and phylogeny of babesia: an overview. | babesiosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease of domestic and wild animals. the disease is caused by various species of babesia and some species of babesia have also zoonotic significance. the parasite in vertebrate hosts' remains in erythrocytes and the morphology of babesia spp. is not uniform in all vertebrate hosts. with the advancement of science, particularly the use of molecular techniques made it easy to study the evolution of parasites and thereby reclassifying babesia spp. as per th ... | 0 | 26629451 |
| emerging protozoal pathogens in india: how prepared are we to face the threat? | emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. the number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation, and widespread urban dwellings are some of the factors contributing to this changing epidemiology of protozoal diseases. apart from naegleria and acanthamoeba, other free-living amoebae like balamuthi ... | 0 | 23508066 |
| sequence analysis of the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (nesenpv), which infects the european pine sawfly, n. sertifer (hymenoptera: diprionidae), was sequenced and analyzed. the genome was 86,462 bp in size. the c+g content of 34% was lower than that of the majority of baculoviruses. a total of 90 methionine-initiated open reading frames (orfs) with more than 50 amino acids and minimal overlapping were found. from those, 43 orfs were homologous to other baculovirus orfs, and 29 of these were ... | 0 | 15194780 |
| bayesian data assimilation provides rapid decision support for vector-borne diseases. | predicting the spread of vector-borne diseases in response to incursions requires knowledge of both host and vector demographics in advance of an outbreak. although host population data are typically available, for novel disease introductions there is a high chance of the pathogen using a vector for which data are unavailable. this presents a barrier to estimating the parameters of dynamical models representing host-vector-pathogen interaction, and hence limits their ability to provide quantitat ... | 0 | 26136225 |
| novel orthobunyavirus in cattle, europe, 2011. | in 2011, an unidentified disease in cattle was reported in germany and the netherlands. clinical signs included fever, decreased milk production, and diarrhea. metagenomic analysis identified a novel orthobunyavirus, which subsequently was isolated from blood of affected animals. surveillance was initiated to test malformed newborn animals in the affected region. | 0 | 22376991 |
| arrestins: ubiquitous regulators of cellular signaling pathways. | in vertebrates, the arrestins are a family of four proteins that regulate the signaling and trafficking of hundreds of different g-protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs). arrestin homologs are also found in insects, protochordates and nematodes. fungi and protists have related proteins but do not have true arrestins. structural information is available only for free (unbound) vertebrate arrestins, and shows that the conserved overall fold is elongated and composed of two domains, with the core of eac ... | 0 | 17020596 |
| current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. | babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. the major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. in almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: the ... | 0 | 22360483 |
| evolutionary process of bos taurus cattle in favourable versus unfavourable environments and its implications for genetic selection. | the evolutionary processes that have enabled bos taurus cattle to establish around the globe are at the core to the future success of livestock production. our study focuses on the history of cattle domestication including the last 60 years of b. taurus breeding programmes in both favourable and unfavourable environments and its consequences on evolution and fitness of cattle. we discuss the emergence of 'production diseases' in temperate production systems and consider the evolutionary genetics ... | 0 | 25567936 |
| genetic diversity of tick-borne rickettsial pathogens; insights gained from distant strains. | the ability to capture genetic variation with unprecedented resolution improves our understanding of bacterial populations and their ability to cause disease. the goal of the pathogenomics era is to define genetic diversity that results in disease. despite the economic losses caused by vector-borne bacteria in the order rickettsiales, little is known about the genetic variants responsible for observed phenotypes. the tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale infects cattle in tro ... | 0 | 25364572 |
| identification and characterisation of micrornas in young adults of angiostrongylus cantonensis via a deep-sequencing approach. | angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that participate in a wide range of biological processes. this study employed a deep-sequencing approach to study mirnas from young adults of a. cantonensis. based on 16,880,456 high-quality reads, 252 conserved mature mirnas including 10 antisense mirnas that belonging to 90 families, together with 10 antisense mirnas ... | 0 | 24037191 |
| molecular evolution, structure, and function of peroxidasins. | peroxidasins represent the subfamily 2 of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily and are closely related to chordata peroxidases (subfamily 1) and peroxinectins (subfamily 3). they are multidomain proteins containing a heme peroxidase domain with high homology to human lactoperoxidase that mediates one- and two-electron oxidation reactions. additional domains of the secreted and glycosylated metalloproteins are type c-like immunoglobulin domains, typical leucine-rich repeats, as well as a von ... | 0 | 22976969 |
| invhogen: a database of homologous invertebrate genes. | classification of proteins into families of homologous sequences constitutes the basis of functional analysis or of evolutionary studies. here we present invertebrate homologous genes (invhogen), a database combining the available invertebrate protein genes from uniprot (consisting of swiss-prot and trembl) into gene families. for each family invhogen provides a multiple protein alignment, a maximum likelihood based phylogenetic tree and taxonomic information about the sequences. it is possible ... | 0 | 16381884 |
| biocomputational characterization and evolutionary analysis of bubaline dicer1 enzyme. | dicer, an ribonuclease type iii type endonuclease, is the key enzyme involved in biogenesis of micrornas (mirnas) and small interfering rnas (sirnas), and thus plays a critical role in rna interference through post transcriptional regulation of gene expression. this enzyme has not been well studied in the indian water buffalo, an important species known for disease resistance and high milk production. in this study, the primary coding sequence (5,778 bp) of bubaline dicer (genbank: ab969677.1) w ... | 0 | 25925065 |
| a phylogenetic study of drosophila splicing assembly chaperone rnp-4f associated u4-/u6-snrna secondary structure. | the rnp-4f gene in drosophila melanogaster encodes nuclear protein rnp-4f. this encoded protein is represented by homologs in other eukaryotic species, where it has been shown to function as an intron splicing assembly factor. here, rnp-4f is believed to initially bind to a recognition sequence on u6-snrna, serving as a chaperone to facilitate its association with u4-snrna by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. rna conformations are a key factor in spliceosome function, so that elucidation of chang ... | 0 | 25419488 |
| mucopolysaccharidosis type i in 21 czech and slovak patients: mutation analysis suggests a functional importance of c-terminus of the idua protein. | mucopolysaccharidosis type i (mps i) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-l-iduronidase (idua). of the 21 czech and slovak patients who have been diagnosed with mps i in the last 30 years, 16 have a severe clinical presentation (hurler syndrome), 2 less severe manifestations (scheie syndrome), and 3 an intermediate severity (hurler/scheie phenotype). mutation analysis was performed in 20 mps i patients and 39 mutant alleles were ... | 0 | 19396826 |
| molecular characterization of the evolution of phagosomes. | amoeba use phagocytosis to internalize bacteria as a source of nutrients, whereas multicellular organisms utilize this process as a defense mechanism to kill microbes and, in vertebrates, initiate a sustained immune response. by using a large-scale approach to identify and compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of phagosomes isolated from distant organisms, and by comparative analysis over 39 taxa, we identified an 'ancient' core of phagosomal proteins around which the immune functions of this ... | 0 | 20959821 |
| pedf - a noninhibitory serpin with neurotrophic activity. | the pigment epithelium-derived factor (pedf) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 50 kda belonging to the noninhibitory serpin family. it regulates several physiological processes, such as stimulation of retinoblastoma cell differentiation into neuron cells, and facilitation of the growth and viability of photoreceptor cells and neurons of the central nervous system. moreover, this factor protects neuronal cells against apoptosis. pedf is not only a neurotrophic factor, but also a natura ... | 0 | 22649652 |
| mutations and polymorphisms in gusb gene in mucopolysaccharidosis vii (sly syndrome). | mucopolysaccharidosis vii (mps vii; sly syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (gus, ec 3.2.1.31; gusb). gus is required to degrade glycosaminoglycans (gags), including heparan sulfate (hs), dermatan sulfate (ds), and chondroitin-4,6-sulfate (cs). accumulation of undegraded gags in lysosomes of affected tissues leads to mental retardation, short stature, hepatosplenomegaly, bone dysplasia, and hydrops fetalis. we summarize information on the 49 ... | 0 | 19224584 |
| the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps). | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are innate immunity molecules present in insects, mollusks, echinoderms, and vertebrates, but not in nematodes or plants. pgrps have at least one carboxy-terminal pgrp domain (approximately 165 amino acids long), which is homologous to bacteriophage and bacterial type 2 amidases. insects have up to 19 pgrps, classified into short (s) and long (l) forms. the short forms are present in the hemolymph, cuticle, and fat-body cells, and sometimes in epidermal ... | 0 | 16930467 |
| redox sensing: orthogonal control in cell cycle and apoptosis signalling. | living systems have three major types of cell signalling systems that are dependent upon high-energy chemicals, redox environment and transmembranal ion-gating mechanisms. development of integrated systems biology descriptions of cell signalling require conceptual models incorporating all three. recent advances in redox biology show that thiol-disulphide redox systems are regulated under dynamic, nonequilibrium conditions, progressively oxidized with the life cycle of cells and distinct in terms ... | 0 | 20964735 |
| comparative evolutionary genomics of the stat family of transcription factors. | the stat signaling pathway is one of the seven common pathways that govern cell fate decisions during animal development. comparative genomics revealed multiple incidences of stat gene duplications throughout metazoan evolutionary history. while pseudogenization is a frequent fate of duplicated genes, many of these stat duplications evolved into novel genes through rapid sequence diversification and neofunctionalization. additionally, the core of stat gene regulatory networks, comprising stat1 t ... | 0 | 24058748 |
| nearly neutrality and the evolution of codon usage bias in eukaryotic genomes. | here i show that the mean codon usage bias of a genome, and of the lowly expressed genes in a genome, is largely similar across eukaryotes ranging from unicellular protists to vertebrates. conversely, this bias in housekeeping genes and in highly expressed genes has a remarkable inverse relationship with species generation time that varies by more than four orders of magnitude. the relevance of these results to the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution is discussed. | 0 | 18430960 |
| u7 snrnas: a computational survey. | u7 small nuclear rna (snrna) sequences have been described only for a handful of animal species in the past. here we describe a computational search for functional u7 snrna genes throughout vertebrates including the upstream sequence elements characteristic for snrnas transcribed by polymerase ii. based on the results of this search, we discuss the high variability of u7 snrnas in both sequence and structure, and report on an attempt to find u7 snrna sequences in basal deuterostomes and non-dros ... | 0 | 18267300 |
| seroprevalence of bluetongue disease in sheep in west and northwest provinces of iran. | the objective of this study was to describe the seroprevalence rates of bluetongue virus (btv) in sheep in west and northwest provinces of iran. bluetongue virus, an economically important orbivirus of the reoviridae family, causes a hemorrhagic disease mainly in sheep and occasionally in cattle and some species of deer. bluetongue virus is transmitted between its mammalian hosts by certain species of biting midges (culicoides spp.) and it can infect all ruminant species. overall, 26 serotypes h ... | 0 | 25653797 |
| genetic architecture of body size in mammals. | much of the heritability for human stature is caused by mutations of small-to-medium effect. this is because detrimental pleiotropy restricts large-effect mutations to very low frequencies. | 0 | 22546202 |
| novel reptilian uncoupling proteins: molecular evolution and gene expression during cold acclimation. | many animals upregulate metabolism in response to cold. uncoupling proteins (ucps) increase proton conductance across the mitochondrial membrane and can thereby alleviate damage from reactive oxygen species that may form as a result of metabolic upregulation. our aim in this study was to determine whether reptiles (crocodylus porosus) possess ucp genes. if so, we aimed to place reptilian ucp genes within a phylogenetic context and to determine whether the expression of ucp genes is increased dur ... | 0 | 18230589 |
| the physiological costs of reproduction in small mammals. | life-history trade-offs between components of fitness arise because reproduction entails both gains and costs. costs of reproduction can be divided into ecological and physiological costs. the latter have been rarely studied yet are probably a dominant component of the effect. a deeper understanding of life-history evolution will only come about once these physiological costs are better understood. physiological costs may be direct or indirect. direct costs include the energy and nutrient demand ... | 0 | 17686735 |
| mapping ancestral genomes with massive gene loss: a matrix sandwich problem. | ancestral genomes provide a better way to understand the structural evolution of genomes than the simple comparison of extant genomes. most ancestral genome reconstruction methods rely on universal markers, that is, homologous families of dna segments present in exactly one exemplar in every considered species. complex histories of genes or other markers, undergoing duplications and losses, are rarely taken into account. it follows that some ancestors are inaccessible by these methods, such as t ... | 0 | 21685079 |
| rinq: reference-based indexing for network queries. | we consider the problem of similarity queries in biological network databases. given a database of networks, similarity query returns all the database networks whose similarity (i.e. alignment score) to a given query network is at least a specified similarity cutoff value. alignment of two networks is a very costly operation, which makes exhaustive comparison of all the database networks with a query impractical. to tackle this problem, we develop a novel indexing method, named rinq (reference-b ... | 0 | 21685064 |
| regioselectivity of catechol o-methyltransferase confers enhancement of catalytic activity. | catechol o-methyltransferase (comt) metabolizes catechol moieties by methylating a single hydroxyl group at the meta- or para- hydroxyl position. hydrophobic amino acids near the active site of comt influence the regioselectivity of this reaction. our sequence analysis highlights their importance by showing that these residues are highly conserved throughout evolution. reaction barriers calculated in the gas phase reveal a lower barrier during methylation at the meta- position, suggesting that t ... | 0 | 21731105 |
| activation of pparγ2 by pparγ1 through a functional ppre in transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes induced by epa. | pparγ and wnt signaling are central positive and negative regulators of adipogenesis, respectively. here we identified that, eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) could effectively induce the transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes through modulation of both pparγ expression and wnt signaling. during the early stage of transdifferentiation, epa activates pparδ and pparγ1, which in turn targets β-catenin to degradation and down-regulates wnt/β-catenin signaling, such that the myogenic fate of myo ... | 0 | 25892270 |
| ccm2-ccm3 interaction stabilizes their protein expression and permits endothelial network formation. | mutations in the essential adaptor proteins ccm2 or ccm3 lead to cerebral cavernous malformations (ccm), vascular lesions that most frequently occur in the brain and are strongly associated with hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, and other neurological disorders. ccm2 binds ccm3, but the molecular basis of this interaction, and its functional significance, have not been elucidated. here, we used x-ray crystallography and structure-guided mutagenesis to show that an α-helical ld-like motif within ccm2 ... | 0 | 25825518 |
| physiological roles of mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated p38-regulated/activated protein kinase. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are a family of proteins that constitute signaling pathways involved in processes that control gene expression, cell division, cell survival, apoptosis, metabolism, differentiation and motility. the mapk pathways can be divided into conventional and atypical mapk pathways. the first group converts a signal into a cellular response through a relay of three consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by mapk kinase kinases, mapk kinase, and mapk. atypical m ... | 0 | 21666810 |
| determination of alkali-sensing parts of the insulin receptor-related receptor using the bioinformatic approach. | irr (insulin receptor-related receptor) is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the insulin receptor family, which also includes insulin receptor and igf-ir receptor. we have previously shown that irr is activated by extracellular fluid with ph > 7.9 and regulates excess alkali excretion in the body. we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the ph-sensitive potential of all three members of the insulin receptor family of various animal species (from frog to man) and their chimeras with swappi ... | 0 | 26085948 |
| evolutionary comparison provides evidence for pathogenicity of rmrp mutations. | cartilage-hair hypoplasia (chh) is a pleiotropic disease caused by recessive mutations in the rmrp gene that result in a wide spectrum of manifestations including short stature, sparse hair, metaphyseal dysplasia, anemia, immune deficiency, and increased incidence of cancer. molecular diagnosis of chh has implications for management, prognosis, follow-up, and genetic counseling of affected patients and their families. we report 20 novel mutations in 36 patients with chh and describe the associat ... | 0 | 16244706 |
| lz complexity distance of dna sequences and its application in phylogenetic tree reconstruction. | dna sequences can be treated as finite-length symbol strings over a four-letter alphabet (a, c, t, g). as a universal and computable complexity measure, lz complexity is valid to describe the complexity of dna sequences. in this study, a concept of conditional lz complexity between two sequences is proposed according to the principle of lz complexity measure. an lz complexity distance metric between two nonnull sequences is defined by utilizing conditional lz complexity. based on lz complexity d ... | 0 | 16689687 |
| microrna mir-98 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and invasion by targeting activin receptor-like kinase-4 and matrix metalloproteinase-11. | angiogenesis and invasion are essential processes for solid tumor growth and dissemination. the tumor development process can be dependent on the activation of a series of signaling pathways, including growth factor-activated pathways. micrornas have been shown to be critical for tumorigenesis, but their roles in cancer angiogenesis, invasion and other signaling pathways important for tumor development are still unclear in the context of tumor biology. we investigated the role of microrna mir-98 ... | 0 | 23211491 |
| protein profile in corpus luteum during pregnancy in korean native cows. | steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (cl) is not well-known in cattle. in experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). a significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was ... | 0 | 25049514 |
| primary hyperoxaluria type iii gene hoga1 (formerly dhdpsl) as a possible risk factor for idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. | primary hyperoxaluria types i and ii (phi and phii) are rare monogenic causes of hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. recently, we described type iii, due to mutations in hoga1 (formerly dhdpsl), hypothesized to cause a gain of mitochondrial 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity, resulting in excess oxalate. | 0 | 21896830 |
| [the genus tunga jarocki, 1838 (siphonaptera: tungidae). i: taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and pathogenicity]. | this is the first review of the taxonomy and geographical range of the 12 known species of the genus tunga. their biology and pathogenic roles are considered, with particular emphasis on their phylogeny, chorology, phenology, sex-ratio, and dermecos. | 0 | 23193514 |
| the evolution of intron size in amniotes: a role for powered flight? | intronic dna is a major component of eukaryotic genes and genomes and can be subject to selective constraint and have functions in gene regulation. intron size is of particular interest given that it is thought to be the target of a variety of evolutionary forces and has been suggested to be linked ultimately to various phenotypic traits, such as powered flight. using whole-genome analyses and comparative approaches that account for phylogenetic nonindependence, we examined interspecific variati ... | 0 | 22930760 |
| tissues expression, polymorphisms identification of fcrn gene and its relationship with serum classical swine fever virus antibody level in pigs. | neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) gene encodes a receptor that binds the fc region of monomeric immunoglobulin g (igg) and is responsible for igg transport and stabilization. in this report, the 8,900 bp porcine fcrn genomic dna structure was identified and putative fcrn protein included 356 amino acids. alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the porcine fcrn amino acid sequences with their homologies of other species showed high identity. tissues expression of fcrn mrna was detected by real time quan ... | 0 | 25049667 |
| the effects of sequence length and oligonucleotide mismatches on 5' exonuclease assay efficiency. | although increasingly used for dna quantification, little is known of the dynamics of the 5' exonuclease assay, particularly in relation to amplicon length and mismatches at oligonucleotide binding sites. in this study we used seven assays targeting the c-myc proto-oncogene to examine the effects of sequence length, and report a marked reduction in efficiency with increasing fragment length. three of the assays were further tested on 15 mammalian species to gauge the effect of sequence differenc ... | 0 | 12384613 |
| protein sequence signatures support the african clade of mammals. | dna sequence evidence supports a superordinal clade of mammals that comprises elephants, sea cows, hyraxes, aardvarks, elephant shrews, golden moles, and tenrecs, which all have their origins in africa, and therefore are dubbed afrotheria. morphologically, this appears an unlikely assemblage, which challenges-by including golden moles and tenrecs-the monophyly of the order lipotyphla (insectivora). we here identify in three proteins unique combinations of apomorphous amino acid replacements that ... | 0 | 11114173 |
| characterization and repeat analysis of the compact genome of the freshwater pufferfish tetraodon nigroviridis. | tetraodon nigroviridis is a freshwater pufferfish 20-30 million years distant from fugu rubripes. the genome of both tetraodontiforms is compact, mostly because intergenic and intronic sequences are reduced in size compared to other vertebrate genomes. the previously uncharacterized tetraodon genome is described here together with a detailed analysis of its repeat content and organization. we report the sequencing of 46 megabases of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) end sequences, which repr ... | 0 | 10899143 |