Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| first description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of cosmiomma hippopotamensis (acari: ixodidae) with notes on its bionomics. | cosmiomma hippopotamensis (denny, 1843) is one of the most unusual, beautiful, and rare tick species known to the world. all stages of this species possess a unique morphology, on the one hand making them easy to identify, while on the other they exhibit similarities to certain species of amblyomma koch, 1844, dermacentor koch, 1844, and hyalomma koch, 1844. adults of c. hippopotamensis have been collected on only two occasions from their hosts, namely hippopotamus amphibius l. and diceros bicor ... | 0 | 23926768 |
| a new species of the genus strongylus muller, 1780 from the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis l. and a note on the other species occuring in kenya. | 1962 | 14494530 | |
| parabronema roundi n.sp. (spiruridae: nematoda) from rhinoceros bicornis in kenya. | 1962 | 13893373 | |
| lymph node structure in diceros bicornis. | 1963 | 14328458 | |
| observations on the pathology of lesions associated with stephanofilaria dinniki round, 1964 from the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1964 | 14125101 | |
| removal of a prolapsed eyeball in a wild black rhinoceros. | 1965 | 14330200 | |
| [on the problem of territoriality and marking in mammals--on the example of the black rhinoceros and lions]. | 1966 | 5994894 | |
| surgical treatment of a case of rectal prolapse in a young african rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1967 | 6068049 | |
| degenerative arthritis in a black rhinoceros. | 1967 | 6070312 | |
| [a pock-like disease in the rhinoceros (diceros bicornis l.)]. | 1968 | 4301181 | |
| electrocardiographic study on the african black rhinoceros. | 1972 | 4652191 | |
| [study on the kidney of the sharp-nosed rhinoceros, diceros bicornis l., as well as remarks on the kidney of various other mammals]. | 1972 | 5081170 | |
| [topographic study on facial muscles of the rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (l.)]. | 1972 | 4657484 | |
| salmonella infection in the african elephant and the black rhinoceros. | 1972 | 4601712 | |
| mycobacteriosis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis linnaeus 1758). | 1973 | 4787764 | |
| interdigital papilloma in a black rhinoceros. | 1974 | 4426864 | |
| [occurrence of the stomach botfly, gyrostigma conjugens enderlein in 2 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis l.) in the berlin zoological gardens]. | 1977 | 861018 | |
| ecological separation among browsing ungulates in tsavo east national park, kenya. | data on food habits and habitat preferences of four browsing herbivores (black rhinoceros, giraffe, gerenuk and lesser kudu) were analyzed to assess niche width for each species and niche overlap between pairs of species. all four species depended heavily on woody plants as food, and overlap in the utilization of different plant types (trees and shrubs, herbs, grasses, etc.) was very great in three of six species paris. when individual plant species were considered, markedly less overlap was app ... | 1978 | 28309736 |
| congenital unilateral aotus in a black rhinoceros diceros bicornis bicornis (linn., 1758). | 1978 | 702515 | |
| collection and analysis of semen from a black rhinoceros. | 1979 | 521358 | |
| hemolytic anemia suggestive of leptospirosis in the black rhinoceros. | 1980 | 7451343 | |
| bacteriologic survey of black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a bacteriological survey was carried out on 30 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) of which 23 were newly captured and seven were captive. a beta haemolytic streptococcus, group l was found in skin lesions and various wounds, causing septicaemia and death in two animals. staphylococcus aureus was found in 3 rhinoceros, and caused the death of one. the bacteria isolated often proved resistant to penicillin. streptomycin is recommended for treatment. sixteen other bacteria sp. were isolated, and a ... | 1980 | 7463599 |
| clinicopathologic correlations of tuberculosis in large zoo mammals. | in august 1978, a black rhinoceros at the national zoological park died with generalized tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. a 2nd black rhinoceros was euthanatized 9 months after m bovis was cultured from its lungs. after these 2 deaths, numerous large zoo mammals that had been potentially exposed were subjected to various procedures to ascertain their status regarding tuberculosis. the procedures were: intradermal tuberculin testing, evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction on b ... | 1981 | 7035420 |
| survey for trypanosomes in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | blood samples were taken from 39 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), usually soon after they were captured. the blood was examined microscopically for trypanosomes, and most samples were tested for trypanosome serum antibodies and inoculated into small laboratory animals. serum antibodies were found in most animals and trypanosomes identified as trypanosoma brucei were found in 7 of 39 (18%) of the rhinoceros. berenil (diminazene aceturate) did not effect complete elimination of trypanosomes. i ... | 1981 | 7338981 |
| fatal hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros: case report and a survey. | 1982 | 7174433 | |
| acute intravascular hemolysis in the black rhinoceros: erythrocyte enzymes and metabolic intermediates. | enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, glutathione cycling, and nucleotide metabolism were assayed on erythrocytes from 7 healthy rhinoceroses, 2 rhinoceroses during periods of intravascular hemolysis, and 1 rhinoceros without clinical signs of illness, which was the mother of 3 offspring with intravascular hemolytic syndrome. measurements also were made of erythrocyte concentrations of glycolytic intermediates, adenine nucleotides, and glutathione. although comparison of results for healt ... | 1986 | 3729134 |
| acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros: hematologic and immunohematologic observations. | to investigate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), laboratory techniques used in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemias were performed on blood samples from 6 black rhinoceroses: 3 nonrelated healthy rhinoceroses, 1 rhinoceros with iron deficiency anemia, and 2 rhinoceroses with intravascular hemolysis. osmotic fragility, erythrocyte membrane protein composition, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and hemoglobin stability did not dis ... | 1986 | 3729133 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| afrotropical culicoides: a redescription of c. (avaritia) kanagai khamala & kettle, 1971, reared from elephant dung in the kruger national park, south africa. | the discovery of culicoides kanagai in south africa represents a new record for this species. the female is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. culicoides (a.) dasyops clastrier, 1958 is shown to be closely related to it but c. (a.) alticola is only superficially related. short notes on the larval habitat of c. kanagai, the dung of the african elephant, loxodonta africana, are given. the dung of both the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum, and the black rhinoceros, dice ... | 1987 | 3444613 |
| a new family, genus, and seven new species of entodiniomorphida (protozoa) from the gut of african rhinoceros. | this report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (burchell, 1817) from southern africa. a new genus, rhinozeta, based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. the species described are r. rhinozeta n. sp., r. triciliata n. sp., r. caecalis n. sp., r. addoensis n. sp., r. cristata n. sp., r. multiplatus n. ... | 1988 | 3130481 |
| vitamin e in captive and wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | the mean plasma level of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin e) measured in 31 free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in 11 captive animals (means +/- se = 0.77 +/- 0.05 and 0.18 +/- 0.03 micrograms/ml, respectively). vitamin e status may influence the health of captive black rhinoceros; in particular, it may be linked to hemolytic anemia commonly observed in these animals in captivity. | 1988 | 3411712 |
| serum alpha-tocopherol, all-trans retinol, total lipids and cholesterol in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1. mean concentration of serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin e) in 28 free-living black rhinoceroses sedated during translocation in zimbabwe was 1.92 (sd, 0.43) mg/l. 2. alpha-tocopherol was not detectable (less than 0.15 mg/l) in five captive black rhinoceroses held at london zoo. 3. circulating levels of all-trans retinol (vitamin a) were not different between the two groups. 4. the low level of alpha-tocopherol in captive rhinoceroses suggests a risk of acute haemolytic anaemia. | 1988 | 2904345 |
| circulating plasma alpha-tocopherol following a single injection in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | injectable all rac-alpha-tocopherol, at a dose of 12.4 iu/kg body mass, increased circulating levels of alpha-tocopherol in the black rhinoceros (bicornis diceros) from 0.18 microgram/ml to 1.47 micrograms/ml within 2 hr. although the plasma level peaked at day one (13.07 micrograms/ml) and dropped rapidly, substantial residual effects were seen even 10 days (1.50 micrograms/ml) following a single injection. it appears that parenteral vitamin e administration may be suitable for therapeutic trea ... | 1989 | 2810570 |
| the use of flumethrin pour-on for de-ticking black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) prior to translocation in zimbabwe. | the use of flumethrin pour-on in 1.0% and 0.5% concentrations for the purpose of de-ticking black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) prior to translocation is reported. both formulations achieved a high level of efficacy within 8 to 12 h following treatment. the 0.5% formulation was found to be more suitable than the 1.0% for use on the dry, hairless skin of the rhinoceros because the increased dose volume resulted in more rapid spreading. | 1989 | 2487728 |
| beta-globin chain hemoglobin polymorphism and hemoglobin stability in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | to evaluate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), the hemoglobin of this species was evaluated by use of isopropanol- and heat-stability tests and was further characterized by electrophoretic studies. samples were obtained from 22 apparently healthy captive north american black rhinoceroses, though 3 of the study animals had survived previous hemolytic events, and 3 others were parents of 3 offspring that had suffered hemolysis. the easter ... | 1990 | 2337282 |
| some properties of pineal gland hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase from black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | pineal glands were obtained from two young female black rhinoceri that had died as a result of postcapture trauma during a translocation exercise. hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt) from these pineal glands showed a peak activity at ph 8.2, although high activity extended over a fairly wide ph range (7.8-8.4). n-acetylserotonin was the best hydroxyindolic substrate for the enzyme, although other hydroxyindoles were methylated, the relative affinities being similar to values previously rep ... | 1990 | 2338611 |
| studies on vitamin e supplementation in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1990 | 2368298 | |
| renal morphology of the hook-lipped african rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, linnaeus. | the kidney of diceros bicornis has about 60 lobes, all appearing peripherally. these are separated by interlobar septa, except for small septal defects through which tubules pass. renal capsule and interlobar septa are fibromuscular and contain small blood vessels. the kidney is about 65% cortex. it contains about 12.5 x 10(6) glomeruli, which form about 7% of the cortical mass and 4.6% of the renal mass. diameter of a glomerular capsule is about 244 microns, there being no difference in size ac ... | 1991 | 2048553 |
| [several surgical treatments in rhinoceroses in the berlin zoo]. | it is reported of the treatment of a lower jaw fracture, a toe fracture, dislodging of the horn, and fissures in the plantar surface of the foot in three indian and one black rhinoceros in berlin zoo. discussed are cause and course of the diseases, and surgical measures taken. | 1991 | 2015026 |
| total parenteral nutrition in a premature rhinoceros calf. | a female black rhinoceros calf developed significant hypoglycemia (blood glucose, 30 mg/dl) and hypothermia (97 degrees f) within 48 hours of birth and refused to nurse. normal gestation of the black rhinoceros is 15 months, but elongated hoof slippers and low birth weight (30 kg) suggested prematurity in this calf. clinical symptoms of neonatal sepsis including lassitude and poor sucking continued in spite of the aggressive use of antibiotics, and the calf required mechanical ventilatory suppor ... | 1991 | 1775115 |
| reproductive parameters in free-ranging female black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe. | samples and data were collected from twenty-eight female black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) during translocation efforts carried out by the department of national parks and wildlife management in zimbabwe. biological data were collected, cytological examination of vaginal smears was performed, and serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, oestriol, and 17-beta-oestradiol were determined by radio-immuno-assay. prolactin levels were determined for ... | 1991 | 1905002 |
| comparison of growth characteristics of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores during cultivation in a defined medium. | anaerobic fungi were isolated from rumen fluid of a domestic sheep (ovis aries; a ruminant) and from faeces of five non-ruminants: african elephant (loxodonta africana), black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis), indian elephant (elephas maximus) and mara (dolichotis patagonum). the anaerobic fungus isolated from the sheep was a neocallimastix species and the isolates from non-ruminants were all species similar to piromyces spp. a defined medium is described w ... | 1991 | 1919514 |
| partial purification and characterization of rhinoceros gonadotropins, growth hormone, and prolactin: comparison with the horse and sheep. | the rhinoceros is an endangered species related to the horse family. little is known of its reproductive endocrinology. the objectives of this study were to partially purify rhinoceros pituitary hormones, determine which assays could be used for their assessment, and to ascertain whether rhinoceros lh possesses the intrinsic fsh activity of equine lh. a single pituitary each from a white (1.3 g) and a black (1.2 g) rhinoceros was homogenized and extracted (ph 9.5), then subjected to ph and salt ... | 1991 | 2015356 |
| trypanosomiasis in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis linnaeus, 1758). | a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) moved from a tsetse-free to a tsetse-infested area in kenya was monitored for two months following translocation. the animal acquired a trypanosoma vivax infection from natural tsetse challenge, but survived without requiring treatment with trypanocides. the infection was characterised by moderately high parasitaemia, with symptoms of anaemia, leukopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. although confirmed to be t. vivax through deoxyribonucleic acid hybridisation and ... | 1992 | 1305862 |
| measurement of urinary oestrogens and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone during ovarian cycles of black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceroses. | the development of a sensitive enzyme-immunoassay for 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-dhp) and its use in determining reproductive status in black and white rhinoceroses is reported. 20 alpha-dhp in hydrolysed urine diluted in parallel to standards, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) confirmed the presence of 20 alpha-dhp and the absence of pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide (pdg) in urine collected from rhinoceroses after oestrus. conjugated oestrone was identified by hplc a ... | 1992 | 1552485 |
| [globular periodontal cement dysplasia in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis)]. | a globular periodontal cementous dysplasia in a 18 years old black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) is diagnosed by gross pathology, x-ray, and by histological examinations. the findings are discussed. | 1992 | 1417722 |
| sequence of the mitochondrial control region, trna(thr), trna(pro) and trna(phe) genes from the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis. | 1993 | 8414998 | |
| concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli). | the analysis of reproductive hormones in faecal samples is a possibility for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in free-ranging or intractable species. in the present study, faecal samples from three black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) were collected at about weekly intervals during oestrous cycles and pregnancy. daily samples were taken during the week after parturition. total immunoreactive progestagens in faecal extracts were analysed with three different enzymeimmunoas ... | 1993 | 8345474 |
| production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes during growth of anaerobic fungi from ruminant and nonruminant herbivores on different substrates. | three anaerobic fungi, two neocallimastix strains isolated from a ruminant (sheep) and one piromyces strain isolated from a nonruminant (black rhinoceros), were tested for their ability to ferment a range of substrates. bagasse, filter paper cellulose, fructose, and wheat straw were good inducers of celluloytic and xylanolytic enzymes. these enzymes were produced constitutively by all three strains, although enzyme activities were generally lower, especially for both neocallimastix strains, afte ... | 1993 | 8323259 |
| dermacentor rhinocerinus (denny 1843) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. | presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. adult dermacentor rhinocerinus parasitize both the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for d. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern africa. adults collected from vegetation i ... | 1993 | 8332318 |
| acute episodic hemolysis in the african black rhinoceros as an analogue of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. | sudden episodes of massive hemolysis have become the most common cause of death among captive black rhinoceroses, and there is evidence that they occur in the wild as well. we have observed radically unique enzyme and metabolite profiles in normal rhinoceros erythrocytes compared to humans and other mammals, including marked deficiencies of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (atp), catalase, adenosine deaminase, and other enzymes involved in glycolysis, glutathione cycling, and nucleotide meta ... | 1993 | 8416295 |
| further studies on the kidney of the hook-lipped african rhinoceros, diceros bicornis. | a healthy, pregnant diceros bicornis (no. 29455), with histologically normal but relatively large kidneys containing a correspondingly large number of nephrons, died suddenly from an injury. renal lobation was studied partly from serial transverse cuts across the kidney. the fibromuscular pelvic conduits, which are a craniocaudal bifurcation of the ureter, are associated with prominent longitudinally disposed paraconduital veins which anastomose with the interlobar veins. the arcuate veins open ... | 1994 | 8116890 |
| desertification of subtropical thicket in the eastern cape, south africa: are there alternatives? | the eastern cape subtropical thicket (ecst) froms the transition between forest, semiarid karroid shrublands, and grassland in the eastern cape, south africa. undegraded ecst forms an impenetrable, spiny thicket up to 3 m high consisting of a wealth of growth forms, including evergreen plants, succulent and deciduous shrubs, lianas, grasses, and geophytes. the thicket dynamics are not well understood, but elephants may have been important browsers and patch disturbance agents. these semiarid thi ... | 1995 | 24197850 |
| quarantine requirements for the importation of black rhinoceros from zimbabwe into australia. | the proposal by the zoological parks board of new south wales to import 10 southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe as part of an international project for conservation of the species presented the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis) with a unique challenge. this importation is, at least in the modern era, the first importation of live herbivores from the african continent. many of the serious animal diseases in the world are endemic in parts of africa. knowledg ... | 1995 | 8599567 |
| the importation of the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe into australia. | the paper describes a program to import and breed black rhinoceros ex situ at western plains zoo in australia. nine rhinoceros (7 females and 2 males) captured in 1992 in chete national park, zimbabwe, were transported to australia via cocos island. the veterinary treatment of the animals before and during quarantine in zimbabwe and on cocos (keeling) islands is described. three animals died; an adult male on cocos islands and a juvenile male and an adult female at western plains zoo, dubbo, new ... | 1995 | 8599568 |
| myocardial purkinje degeneration and necrosis with fibrosis in free-ranging black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe. | degeneration and necrosis of purkinje fibers with fibrosis around purkinje fibers were found in the hearts of three adult black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe in 1989 and 1990, among 38 animals examined from 1988 to 1994. causes of death were not apparently related to these changes, nor was there evidence of heart failure. the etiology of these changes is unknown. | 1996 | 8722281 |
| helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern africa. | helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern africa. the helminths of a black rhinoceros from the republic of south africa and one from namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. a rece ... | 1997 | 9249695 |
| extracts of rhinoceros horn are not antipyretic in rabbits. | we administered extracts of the horn of the african black rhinoceros intragastrically to 7 rabbits, at the same time as injecting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) intravenously into the rabbits to produce fever. at a dose of horn (50 mg/kg) similar to that allegedly used to reduce human fever, and at ten times that dose, the fever response to lps was not significantly different (p > 0.05, t-test) to the response to lps injection when boiled water was administered instead of horn extract. the k ... | 1997 | 9363565 |
| salmonellosis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (formerly known as salmonella arizonae) was diagnosed in three of five captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at the denver zoological gardens. two of the three animals died despite supportive treatment. the other two rhinoceroses remained asymptomatic and were negative for salmonella spp. after serial fecal cultures. the source for the salmonellosis was never identified. | 1997 | 9365944 |
| suspected calcium oxalate raphide irritation in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) due to ingestion of xanthosoma mafaffa. | 1997 | 9186929 | |
| idiopathic distal esophageal dilation in a southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | an adult female southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) experienced intermittent periods of regurgitation while eating, suggesting an esophageal disorder. endoscopy for evaluation of the trachea, esophagus, and stomach revealed a 30-mm nasopharyngeal orifice with associated recess located in the caudodorsal pharynx and a 10-cm dilated segment of the distal esophagus that was presumably the cause of regurgitation. dietary management of esophageal dilation through short-term utilization ... | 1998 | 10065858 |
| vesicular and ulcerative dermatopathy resembling superficial necrolytic dermatitis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | the histopathology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of a cutaneous and oral mucosal disease affecting 40 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at 21 zoological parks (50% of the captive us population) were investigated. twenty-seven biopsies were examined from recent lesions, and clinical information was available from 127 episodes. the cutaneous lesions began as plaques that progressed to vesicles, bullae, or ulcers. lesions waxed and waned in individual cases. lesions were predominantl ... | 1998 | 9545133 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) by faecal steroid analysis. | the objective of this study was to determine whether faecal progestagen measurement could be used to diagnose pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros cows. immunoreactive 20alpha-progestagens were measured in faecal samples collected regularly (one or two times times per week) from pregnant and non-pregnant wild black rhinoceros females (n = 6) in zimbabwe. fresh dung piles deposited by the study animals were serially sampled during prolonged periods of tracking with local game scouts. samples were s ... | 1998 | 10588374 |
| ultrasonographic monitoring of artificially stimulated ejaculation in three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis, rhinoceros unicornus). | manual massage of the penis and rectal electroejaculation methods have been minimally effective for collecting semen from the rhinoceros. these two methods for stimulating ejaculation were evaluated by rectal ultrasonography. one individual each of three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum simum, rhinoceros unicornis and diceros bicornis) was stimulated by manual massage of the penis and two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) were electroejaculated. on ultrasonography, neither manual mass ... | 1998 | 10065845 |
| morphology of rhinoceros platelets. | basic hematological information about rhinoceros species is limited. in this study, we have determined the platelet counts and described the platelet morphology of free-living white (ceratotherium simum) and black (diceros bicornis) rhinoceros using light and electron microscopy. the platelet counts of the two species were similar, but there were significant differences in platelet size as well as morphology between the species. the presence of large, nondiscoid platelet forms, resembling propla ... | 1999 | 10081152 |
| characterization of a species-specific repetitive dna from a highly endangered wild animal, rhinoceros unicornis, and assessment of genetic polymorphism by microsatellite associated sequence amplification (masa). | we have cloned and sequenced a 906bp ecori repeat dna fraction from rhinoceros unicornis genome. the contig pss(r)2 is at rich with 340 a (37.53%), 187 c (20.64%), 173 g (19.09%) and 206 t (22.74%). the sequence contains malt box, nf-e1, poly-a signal, lariat consensus sequences, tata box, translational initiation sequences and several stop codons. translation of the contig showed seven different types of protein motifs, among which, egf-like domain cysteine pattern signatures and bowman-birk se ... | 1999 | 10072756 |
| salmonella spp. survey of captive rhinoceroses in u.s. zoological institutions and private ranches. | a survey was mailed to 72 institutions in the usa requesting information on salmonella spp. cultures in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), and indian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis). sixty-one institutions responded (85% return rate), with seven reporting positive cultures (11% prevalence rate; 10% if survey nonresponders had negative cultures). there were 17 positive cultures from 16 different animals, with nine different serotypes of salmonella ... | 1999 | 10572861 |
| effects of translocation on hematologic parameters of free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in kenya. | management of the endangered black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in africa frequently involves translocation. these procedures are not without risk, and protocols must be critically examined. hematologic analyses can be used to evaluate the effects of translocation on animal health. hematologic data obtained during routine translocation of free ranging black rhinoceros (n = 74) in kenya between 1991 and 1995 were examined, and subsets of data from rhinoceros (n = 43) that were transloca ... | 1999 | 10572862 |
| fungal pneumonia in a captive black rhinoceros. | a captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) with a hoof abscess was treated with long-term antibiotic therapy. after 9 months of treatment, there was rapid deterioration, marked weight loss and reluctance to stand. profuse, bilateral epistaxis developed accompanied by collapse and the animal was euthanased. necropsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis with concurrent pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. though a well-recognized disease of black rhinoceros, fungal pneumonia has not been reported in t ... | 1999 | 10685163 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1999 | 10617348 | |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) is currently one of the most endangered african mammals as a direct result o habitat destruction and intensive poaching. a microsatellite library was constructed to address a number of population genetic questions. this paper describes the isolation of five black rhinoceros microsatellite loci. three of these loci were found to be polymorphic. in addition, the paper demonstrates the utility for cross-hybridization of these primers in other species of rhino ... | 1999 | 10435448 |
| morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | the dorsal lingual surface of a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was examined by scanning electron microscopy. the tongue was about 30 cm in length. there were about 60 vallate papillae on both sides. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were found. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. the papillae had a hair-like shape. the fungiform papillae were round in shape, and more densely distributed on the lingual apex. no foliate papillae were see ... | 2000 | 11199482 |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a juvenile southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | a 21-mo-old female southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) developed acute upper respiratory dyspnea in association with lymphadenopathy and marked immature lymphocytosis. a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was reached on the basis of the morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral lymphoblasts. antineoplastic chemotherapy included administration of cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and doxorubicin, with clinical remission achieved 19 days after initia ... | 2000 | 10884128 |
| post-coital sperm recovery and cryopreservation in the sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and application to gamete rescue in the african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) sperm samples were collected from a post-copulatory female and characterized to determine their potential for sperm preservation and future use in artificial insemination. five samples of acceptable quality from one male were used to compare the effect of two cryoprotectants (glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)) and two post-thaw protocols (untreated and glass wool column) on sperm quality. the percentage of motile spermatozoa, sperm motility ind ... | 2000 | 10864790 |
| anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): evidence for impaired antioxidant capacity compounded by iron overload. | two weeks before dying of congestive heart failure, a juvenile black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) received a single low dose of doxorubicin as part of combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. diffuse hemosiderosis was present at necropsy in a pattern indicative of dietary iron overload, but unique iron-positive degenerative lesions were found in isolated myocardiocytes. serum analyses revealed hyperferremia, 87% transferrin saturation, and 5- to 10-fold elevations in fer ... | 2000 | 10643986 |
| thoughts on the plight of the black rhinoceros. | 2000 | 22570888 | |
| serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in africa. | two hundred and eighty one serum samples collected from free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros, in the republic of south africa (rsa), namibia, and kenya from 1987-97, were examined for antibody to 16 different infectious agents. positive antibody titers were detected against akabane (59.8%), bluetongue (55%), african horse sickness (27.9%), epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (19.4%), parainfluenza type 3 (25.3%), bovine herpes virus 1 (3.1%), equine ... | 2000 | 10813614 |
| a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. | noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ... | 2000 | 11121291 |
| idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome in seven black rhinoceros. | idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome (ihvs) was diagnosed in 7 black rhinoceros; this newly described syndrome is characterized by severe body swelling in conjunction with a rapid and profound decrease in hct. the disorder may be acute or chronic, may recur, and is potentially fatal. five of the rhinoceros survived an initial episode of ihvs, and 2 of these 5 survived a recurrent episode of ihvs. two rhinoceros died during treatment of ihvs. treatment protocols varied, but all 7 rhinocer ... | 2000 | 10649760 |
| ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian events and fetal gestational parameters in two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) and correlation to fecal progesterone. | a tremendous potential exists for the application of transrectal ultrasonography as a tool to enhance the captive management of endangered species. reproductive study of two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) females was performed daily to every other day for a approximately 60 day period to document ovarian changes, and three times weekly in early pregnancy to once monthly in late pregnancy in order to characterize changes in fetal parameters throughout gestation. all ovarian an ... | 2001 | 11322232 |
| the hhfe gene of browsing and grazing rhinoceroses: a possible site of adaptation to a low-iron diet. | when rhinoceros species that are browsers in the wild are fed in captivity they become iron overloaded. presumably, their iron-absorptive mechanisms have evolved to become highly efficient. in humans, mutations of the hfe gene cause increased iron absorption. to determine whether the hfe gene of rhinoceroses has undergone mutation as an adaptive mechanism to improve iron absorption from iron-poor diets, we have sequenced the entire coding region of the hfe genes of four species of rhinoceros. tw ... | 2001 | 11358396 |
| leptospira infection in two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli). | two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) developed clinical leptospirosis without hemolytic crises. the first rhinoceros presented with peracute depression, anorexia, rear leg trembling, dysuria, glucosuria, gastrointestinal discomfort, and decreased fecal output and died within 12 hr. necropsy and histopathology revealed lesions within multiple organs. leptospirosis was diagnosed postmortem based on positive fluorescent antibody staining of liver. the second rhinoceros presented 2 mo ... | 2001 | 12785703 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 2: surgery and necropsy. | the oedematous and traumatised protruding section of the rectal tissue of an adult free-ranging female african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was surgically amputated. immediately before completion of surgery, the rhinoceros died of anaesthetic-related cardiac arrest. at necropsy a deformed pelvis and sacrum associated with a healed fracture of the left ileal wing were noted. new bone formation in and around the left ventral sacral foramina may have resulted in neuropathy of particularly th ... | 2001 | 12219923 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the five extant rhinoceros species (rhinocerotidae, perissodactyla) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12s rrna genes. | a major question in rhinocerotid phylogenetics concerns the position of the sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) with regard to the other extant asian (rhinoceros unicornis and r. sondaicus) and african (diceros bicornis and ceratotherium simum) species. we have examined this particular question through the phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences of the mitochondrial 12s rrna and cytochrome b genes. three additional perissodactyls (one tapir and two equids) plus several outgrou ... | 2001 | 11286489 |
| clinical implications of rhinoceros reproductive tract anatomy and histology. | reproductive tracts or tissues from five male black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), two male white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), two male one-horned asian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis), seven female black rhinoceroses, and six female white rhinoceroses from multiple institutions were examined to characterize their anatomy and histology. some observations and measurements were obtained from in situ tracts of intact animals before or during necropsy. formalin-fixed tissues were dissec ... | 2001 | 12790392 |
| mating system and reproductive skew in the black rhinoceros. | only approximately 2600 black rhinoceros survive today, mainly in small, isolated populations of < 100 animals. the management of remaining black rhinoceros populations aims at preserving natural levels of genetic relatedness and optimizing breeding success, which requires an accurate knowledge of the mating system, reproductive skew and effective population size. dna was extracted from faecal samples from a community of 35 wild black rhinoceros, and microsatellites were used to characterize pat ... | 2001 | 11555246 |
| identification of a series of c(21)o(2) pregnanes from fecal extracts of a pregnant black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | fecal extracts from a pregnant black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, hplc, and by gc-mass spectrometry. from 40 g of dried feces a total of 33 pregnanes in the c(21)o(2) series, including a number of novel 17 alpha epimers were identified. no progesterone was recovered. the principal progesterone metabolite by mass was 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta,20 alpha-diol (44.5%), which did not cross react with the antibody used in our ria. the antibody recognized progesterone an ... | 2001 | 11711115 |
| role of excessive maternal iron in the pathogenesis of congenital leukoencephalomalacia in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | to investigate the possibility that excessive maternal iron (overload) may contribute to development of congenital leukoencephalomalacia in captive black rhinoceroses. | 2001 | 11277198 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 1: anaesthesia. | anaesthesia was required in a heavily-pregnant, adult, free-ranging african black rhinoceros diceros bicornis with a rectal prolapse for examination and possible treatment. the animal was immobilised with 4.5 mg etorphine and 60 mg azaperone. for continued observation, the immobilised animal was transported to a boma. additional etorphine and azaperone were administered to keep the animal anaesthetised during treatment and transport. in addition, 15 mg nalorphine was administered during this tim ... | 2001 | 12219922 |
| essential fatty acid profiles differ across diets and browse of black rhinoceros. | in captivity, black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) suffer from idiopathic skin lesions that may be linked to dietary deficiencies, in particular essential fatty acid deficiency (efad). therefore, a study was undertaken from july 1995 to may 1997 to characterize the diet of captive d. bicornis in north american zoos and measure fat and fatty acid composition in zoo diet, and african and north american browses. descriptions of all dietary items offered to black rhinos on a daily basis were compiled ... | 2002 | 11838204 |
| remote assessment of stress in white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) by measurement of adrenal steroids in feces. | this study monitored fecal cortisol and corticosterone levels in 14 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) and in seven white rhinoceroses (certotherium simum) under various conditions of captivity, including translocation. free cortisol and free corticosterone were measured in methylene chloride extracts of feces, using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the extraction-assay method was validated for quantitative measurement of these hormones by mass spectroscopy analysis, chemical de ... | 2002 | 12462487 |
| human exposure following mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. | from 1997 to 2000, mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in two asian elephants (elephas maximus), three rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), and one black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in the los angeles zoo. dna fingerprint patterns suggested recent transmission. an investigation found no active cases of tuberculosis in humans; however, tuberculin skin-test conversions in humans were associated with training elephants and attending an elephant necropsy. | 2002 | 12453358 |
| interdigital corns in a black rhinoceros. | 2002 | 132737 | |
| fat soluble vitamins in blood and tissues of free-ranging and captive rhinoceros. | several disease syndromes in captive rhinoceroses have been linked to low vitamin status. blood samples from captive and free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and tissue samples of captive individuals from four rhinoceros species were analysed for vitamins a and e. circulating vitamin a levels measured as retinol for free-ranging versus captive black and white rhinoceros were 0.04 (+/- 0.03 sd) vs. 0.08 (+/- 0.08) and 0.07 (+/- 0.04) vs. 0.06 (+/- 0.02) ... | 2002 | 12038140 |
| non-invasive assessment of oestrous cycles and evaluation of reproductive seasonality in the female wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | female wild black rhinoceroses in zimbabwe were monitored non-invasively using faecal progesterone metabolite analysis and observation of reproductive behaviour. a postpartum period of reproductive inactivity of at least 4 months, followed by a period of 4-7 months of oestrous cyclicity, was detected in six multiparous females. three-quarters of the oestrous cycles (n = 21) had a total duration (mean +/- sem) of 26.8 +/- 1 days. other types of cycle were characterized either by an extended lutea ... | 2002 | 12052242 |
| [the stability of progesterone in feces of different wild animal species kept in a zoological garden]. | methodical investigations were carried out to monitor especially in what respect external factors (dry mass of faeces, time point of freezing, duration of storage of the frozen samples, multiple defrosting of the samples) influence the progesterone concentration of the faeces of several wild animal species (baringo giraffe, black rhinoceros, dama gazelle, mountain goat) living in a zoological garden. with reference to one animal species the dry mass of the faeces showed only small variations. th ... | 2002 | 12073499 |
| species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene. | material suspected of originating from species of rhinoceros is frequently seized by forensic organizations investigating trade in endangered species. at present identification of the species is possible by dna sequencing of the material, such as powdered rhinoceros horns. the unambiguous identification of rhino products using a 402 bp fragment of cytochrome b gene was investigated. this dna sequence may not only assist in the identification of the unknown sample, but can be used to determine th ... | 2003 | 12969614 |
| development of a dna marker by minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) from the endangered indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis). | rhinoceroses are highly endangered species and their protection warrants immediate remedial measures. development of dna markers is envisaged to complement global efforts of the conservation of these extant animals. minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) of dna from indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis) and three sub-species of south african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was carried out using a primer based on consensus sequence of the minisatellite repeat locus 33.15. s ... | 2003 | 12628586 |
| babesia bicornis sp. nov. and theileria bicornis sp. nov.: tick-borne parasites associated with mortality in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a novel babesia species, designated babesia bicornis sp. nov., was identified in three black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) that died in wildlife areas in tanzania and south africa. screening of black rhinoceroses in south africa revealed, in addition to b. bicornis, a second parasite, designated theileria bicornis sp. nov. | 2003 | 12734294 |